Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.24.605012
Souleymane Diallo, Katerina Kasparova, Josef Sulc, Jibin Johny, Jan Krivanek, Jana Nebesarova, David Sillam-Dusses, Pavlina Kyjakova, Jiri Vondrasek, Ales Machara, Ondrej Luksan, Ewald Grosse-Wilde, Robert Hanus
Chemical communication is the cornerstone of eusocial insect societies since it mediates the social hierarchy, division of labor, and concerted activities of colony members. The chemistry of social insect pheromones received considerable attention in both major groups of social insects, the eusocial Hymenoptera and termites. By contrast, current knowledge on molecular mechanisms of social insect pheromone detection by odorant receptors (ORs) is limited to hymenopteran social insects and no OR was yet functionally characterized in termites, the oldest eusocial insect clade. Here, we present the first OR deorphanization in termites. Using the data from antennal transcriptome and genome of the termite Prorhinotermes simplex (Rhinotermitidae), we selected 4 candidate OR sequences, expressed them in Empty Neuron Drosophila, and functionally characterized using single sensillum recording (SSR) and a panel of termite semiochemicals. In one of the selected ORs, PsimOR14, we succeeded in obtaining strong and reliable responses to the main component of P. simplex trail-following pheromone, the monocyclic diterpene neocembrene. PsimOR14 showed a narrow tuning to neocembrene; only one additional compound out of 72 tested (geranylgeraniol) generated non-negligible responses. Subsequently, we used SSR and P. simplex workers to identify the olfactory sensillum specifically responding to neocembrene, thus likely expressing PsimOR14. We report on homology-based modelling of neocembrene binding by PsimOR14 and show how different ligands impact the receptor dynamicity using molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, we demonstrate that PsimOR14 is significantly more expressed in workers than in soldiers, which correlates with higher sensitivity of workers to neocembrene.
{"title":"Identification of the trail-following pheromone receptor in termites","authors":"Souleymane Diallo, Katerina Kasparova, Josef Sulc, Jibin Johny, Jan Krivanek, Jana Nebesarova, David Sillam-Dusses, Pavlina Kyjakova, Jiri Vondrasek, Ales Machara, Ondrej Luksan, Ewald Grosse-Wilde, Robert Hanus","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.24.605012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.24.605012","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical communication is the cornerstone of eusocial insect societies since it mediates the social hierarchy, division of labor, and concerted activities of colony members. The chemistry of social insect pheromones received considerable attention in both major groups of social insects, the eusocial Hymenoptera and termites. By contrast, current knowledge on molecular mechanisms of social insect pheromone detection by odorant receptors (ORs) is limited to hymenopteran social insects and no OR was yet functionally characterized in termites, the oldest eusocial insect clade. Here, we present the first OR deorphanization in termites. Using the data from antennal transcriptome and genome of the termite Prorhinotermes simplex (Rhinotermitidae), we selected 4 candidate OR sequences, expressed them in Empty Neuron Drosophila, and functionally characterized using single sensillum recording (SSR) and a panel of termite semiochemicals. In one of the selected ORs, PsimOR14, we succeeded in obtaining strong and reliable responses to the main component of P. simplex trail-following pheromone, the monocyclic diterpene neocembrene. PsimOR14 showed a narrow tuning to neocembrene; only one additional compound out of 72 tested (geranylgeraniol) generated non-negligible responses. Subsequently, we used SSR and P. simplex workers to identify the olfactory sensillum specifically responding to neocembrene, thus likely expressing PsimOR14. We report on homology-based modelling of neocembrene binding by PsimOR14 and show how different ligands impact the receptor dynamicity using molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, we demonstrate that PsimOR14 is significantly more expressed in workers than in soldiers, which correlates with higher sensitivity of workers to neocembrene.","PeriodicalId":501210,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.24.604991
Megan Warren, Larry J Young, Robert C Liu
Recognizing conspecifics is vitally important for differentiating kin, mates, offspring and social threats. Although often reliant upon chemical or visual cues, individual recognition across the animal kingdom is also facilitated by unique acoustic signatures in vocalizations. However, amongst the large Muroidea superfamily of rodents that encompasses laboratory species amenable to neurobiological studies, there is scant behavioral evidence for individual vocal recognition despite individual acoustic variation. Playback studies have found evidence for coarse communicative functions like mate attraction and territorial defense, but limited finer ability to discriminate known individuals' vocalizations. Such a capacity would be adaptive for species that form lifelong pair bonds requiring partner identification across timescales, distances and sensory modalities, so to improve the chance of finding individual vocal recognition in a Muroid rodent, we investigated vocal communication in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) - one of the few socially monogamous mammals. We found that the ultrasonic vocalizations of adult prairie voles can communicate individual identity. Even though the vocalizations of individual males change after cohabitating with a female to form a bond, acoustic variation across individuals is greater than within an individual so that vocalizations of different males in a common context are identifiable above chance. Critically, females behaviorally discriminate their partner's vocalizations over a stranger's, even if emitted to another stimulus female. These results establish the acoustic and behavioral foundation for individual vocal recognition in prairie voles, where neurobiological tools enable future studies revealing its causal neural mechanisms.
{"title":"Vocal recognition of partners by female prairie voles","authors":"Megan Warren, Larry J Young, Robert C Liu","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.24.604991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.24.604991","url":null,"abstract":"Recognizing conspecifics is vitally important for differentiating kin, mates, offspring and social threats. Although often reliant upon chemical or visual cues, individual recognition across the animal kingdom is also facilitated by unique acoustic signatures in vocalizations. However, amongst the large Muroidea superfamily of rodents that encompasses laboratory species amenable to neurobiological studies, there is scant behavioral evidence for individual vocal recognition despite individual acoustic variation. Playback studies have found evidence for coarse communicative functions like mate attraction and territorial defense, but limited finer ability to discriminate known individuals' vocalizations. Such a capacity would be adaptive for species that form lifelong pair bonds requiring partner identification across timescales, distances and sensory modalities, so to improve the chance of finding individual vocal recognition in a Muroid rodent, we investigated vocal communication in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) - one of the few socially monogamous mammals. We found that the ultrasonic vocalizations of adult prairie voles can communicate individual identity. Even though the vocalizations of individual males change after cohabitating with a female to form a bond, acoustic variation across individuals is greater than within an individual so that vocalizations of different males in a common context are identifiable above chance. Critically, females behaviorally discriminate their partner's vocalizations over a stranger's, even if emitted to another stimulus female. These results establish the acoustic and behavioral foundation for individual vocal recognition in prairie voles, where neurobiological tools enable future studies revealing its causal neural mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":501210,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.22.604582
Freddie Murley, Adelaide Sibeaux, Theresa Burt de Perera
Path integration is a strategy that allows animals to monitor their movement relative to a starting point using directional and distance cues. It has been observed in a wide range of terrestrial species, but evidence of this behaviour in fish is still lacking. In contrast to most animals shown to navigate via path integration, fish are not surface bound but exist within a three-dimensional medium. This may present additional challenges when monitoring their position relative to a specific point. We developed a novel experimental paradigm to test whether the coral reef-dwelling domino damselfish Dascyllus trimaculatus could use path integration to navigate back to a shelter location. This consisted of a circular pool with a shelter and landmarks near the edge and a trap containing food in the centre. Our results show that these fish follow homing trajectories back to the previous location of the removed shelter without using landmarks after a foraging trip into the central trap. Error in homing trajectory increased with outward path length, consistent with the use of path integration. These results add D. trimaculatus to the growing list of path-integrating species, opening new avenues for investigating the evolution and neural underpinnings of this navigational strategy.
{"title":"Evidence for homing behaviour consistent with path integration in Dascyllus trimaculatus","authors":"Freddie Murley, Adelaide Sibeaux, Theresa Burt de Perera","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.22.604582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.22.604582","url":null,"abstract":"Path integration is a strategy that allows animals to monitor their movement relative to a starting point using directional and distance cues. It has been observed in a wide range of terrestrial species, but evidence of this behaviour in fish is still lacking. In contrast to most animals shown to navigate via path integration, fish are not surface bound but exist within a three-dimensional medium. This may present additional challenges when monitoring their position relative to a specific point. We developed a novel experimental paradigm to test whether the coral reef-dwelling domino damselfish Dascyllus trimaculatus could use path integration to navigate back to a shelter location. This consisted of a circular pool with a shelter and landmarks near the edge and a trap containing food in the centre. Our results show that these fish follow homing trajectories back to the previous location of the removed shelter without using landmarks after a foraging trip into the central trap. Error in homing trajectory increased with outward path length, consistent with the use of path integration. These results add D. trimaculatus to the growing list of path-integrating species, opening new avenues for investigating the evolution and neural underpinnings of this navigational strategy.","PeriodicalId":501210,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.24.604923
Charlotte Le Mouel
The trajectory of the body center of mass (CoM) is critical for evaluating balance. The position of the CoM can be calculated using either kinematic or kinetic methods. Each of these methods has its limitations, and it is difficult to evaluate their accuracy as there is no ground truth to which the CoM trajectory can be compared. In this paper, we use as ground truth the fact that, during the flight phase of running, the acceleration of the CoM is equal to gravity. We evaluate the accuracy of kinematic models of different complexity and find that the error ranges from 14 % to 38 % of gravity. We propose a novel method for optimally combining kinematic and force plate information. When using this proposed method, the error drops to around 3 % for all kinematic models. The code for calculating this optimal combination is available in both Python and Matlab at: https://github.com/charlotte-lemouel/center_of_mass. The documentation is available at: https://center-of-mass.readthedocs.io
{"title":"Optimal merging of kinematic and kinetic information to determine the position of the whole body Center of Mass","authors":"Charlotte Le Mouel","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.24.604923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.24.604923","url":null,"abstract":"The trajectory of the body center of mass (CoM) is critical for evaluating balance. The position of the CoM can be calculated using either kinematic or kinetic methods. Each of these methods has its limitations, and it is difficult to evaluate their accuracy as there is no ground truth to which the CoM trajectory can be compared. In this paper, we use as ground truth the fact that, during the flight phase of running, the acceleration of the CoM is equal to gravity. We evaluate the accuracy of kinematic models of different complexity and find that the error ranges from 14 % to 38 % of gravity. We propose a novel method for optimally combining kinematic and force plate information. When using this proposed method, the error drops to around 3 % for all kinematic models. The code for calculating this optimal combination is available in both Python and Matlab at: https://github.com/charlotte-lemouel/center_of_mass. The documentation is available at: https://center-of-mass.readthedocs.io","PeriodicalId":501210,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.23.604766
Sarah Goodroe, Pablo Fernandez Velasco, Christopher Gahnstrom, Jan Wiener, Antoine Coutrot, Michael Hornberger, Hugo J Spiers
Virtual reality environments presented on tablets and smartphones offer a novel way of measuring navigation skill and predicting real-world navigation problems. The extent to which such virtual tests are effective at predicting navigation in older populations remains unclear. We compared the performance of 20 older participants (54-74 years old) in wayfinding tasks in a real-world environment in London, UK, and in similar tasks designed in a mobile app-based test of navigation (Sea Hero Quest). In a previous study with young participants (18-35 years old), we were able to predict navigation performance in real-world tasks in London and Paris using this mobile app. We find that for the older cohort, virtual navigation performance predicts real-world performance for medium difficulty, but not for the easy or difficult environments. While the younger sample outperformed the older sample in the virtual task, this was not the case in the real-world task, which conflicts with the dominant view of a decline in navigation ability with age. Self-reports identifying compensatory skills and further analysis of our participants' scores in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and in the Navigation Strategy Questionnaire help give insights into the higher performance in the real world. Overall, our study supports the utility of using digital tests of spatial cognition in older age groups, while carefully adapting the task difficulty to the population.
{"title":"Predicting real-world navigation performance from a virtual navigation task in older adults","authors":"Sarah Goodroe, Pablo Fernandez Velasco, Christopher Gahnstrom, Jan Wiener, Antoine Coutrot, Michael Hornberger, Hugo J Spiers","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.23.604766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.23.604766","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual reality environments presented on tablets and smartphones offer a novel way of measuring navigation skill and predicting real-world navigation problems. The extent to which such virtual tests are effective at predicting navigation in older populations remains unclear. We compared the performance of 20 older participants (54-74 years old) in wayfinding tasks in a real-world environment in London, UK, and in similar tasks designed in a mobile app-based test of navigation (Sea Hero Quest). In a previous study with young participants (18-35 years old), we were able to predict navigation performance in real-world tasks in London and Paris using this mobile app. We find that for the older cohort, virtual navigation performance predicts real-world performance for medium difficulty, but not for the easy or difficult environments. While the younger sample outperformed the older sample in the virtual task, this was not the case in the real-world task, which conflicts with the dominant view of a decline in navigation ability with age. Self-reports identifying compensatory skills and further analysis of our participants' scores in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and in the Navigation Strategy Questionnaire help give insights into the higher performance in the real world. Overall, our study supports the utility of using digital tests of spatial cognition in older age groups, while carefully adapting the task difficulty to the population.","PeriodicalId":501210,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.23.604854
Noah B Lemke, Lisa N Rollinson, Jeffery K Tomberlin
Artificial perches are implemented by many companies that mass-rear the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, to create a more natural breeding environment or provide additional surface area for flies to rest. However, basic information related to perching behavior is lacking. This experiment tested the effect of adding perches to breeding cages on fitness and behavior. Perches were constructed from artificial leaves affixed to wooden dowels inserted into foam blocks, placed in the center of cage floors. The four treatment-levels had an added surface area of 0.00-, 0.04-, 0.26-, and 0.34-m2. Each 0.93-m3 cage was supplied with 90 male and 90 female flies, and female thoraxes marked with acrylic paint. Beyond the tested range, a linear model suggests that 1.00-m2 additional surface area can accommodate a 1.46-fold increase in flies without negative fitness impacts. Time-series analysis revealed; (a) females utilized perches 1.42-times more often than males across two trials; (b) especially in the morning where the difference could be as high as 2.56-times more than males; (c) this decreased to 0.20-1.57 times more females than males by 1600 h, and (d) this cyclical pattern repeated each day throughout the week with decreasing female-bias, starting from 2.41-times more females on Day 1 to 0.88-1.98-times more females than males on Day 6. These dynamics are likely due to the presence of male flies engaging in aerial contests near lamps providing light needed for mating, especially during early hours and early adulthood, aligning with prior knowledge of black soldier fly mating behavior.
{"title":"Sex-specific perching: Monitoring of artificial plants reveals dynamic female-biased perching behavior in the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)","authors":"Noah B Lemke, Lisa N Rollinson, Jeffery K Tomberlin","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.23.604854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.23.604854","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial perches are implemented by many companies that mass-rear the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, to create a more natural breeding environment or provide additional surface area for flies to rest. However, basic information related to perching behavior is lacking. This experiment tested the effect of adding perches to breeding cages on fitness and behavior. Perches were constructed from artificial leaves affixed to wooden dowels inserted into foam blocks, placed in the center of cage floors. The four treatment-levels had an added surface area of 0.00-, 0.04-, 0.26-, and 0.34-m2. Each 0.93-m3 cage was supplied with 90 male and 90 female flies, and female thoraxes marked with acrylic paint. Beyond the tested range, a linear model suggests that 1.00-m2 additional surface area can accommodate a 1.46-fold increase in flies without negative fitness impacts. Time-series analysis revealed; (a) females utilized perches 1.42-times more often than males across two trials; (b) especially in the morning where the difference could be as high as 2.56-times more than males; (c) this decreased to 0.20-1.57 times more females than males by 1600 h, and (d) this cyclical pattern repeated each day throughout the week with decreasing female-bias, starting from 2.41-times more females on Day 1 to 0.88-1.98-times more females than males on Day 6. These dynamics are likely due to the presence of male flies engaging in aerial contests near lamps providing light needed for mating, especially during early hours and early adulthood, aligning with prior knowledge of black soldier fly mating behavior.","PeriodicalId":501210,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.22.604411
Casey R Vanderlip, Megan L Jutras, Payton A Asch, Stephanie Y Zhu, Monica N Lerma, Elizabeth A Buffalo, Courtney Glavis-Bloom
As humans age, some experience cognitive impairment while others do not. When impairment does occur, it is not expressed uniformly across cognitive domains and varies in severity across individuals. Translationally relevant model systems are critical for understanding the neurobiological drivers of this variability, which is essential to uncovering the mechanisms underlying the brain's susceptibility to the effects of aging. As such, non-human primates are particularly important due to shared behavioral, neuroanatomical, and age-related neuropathological features with humans. For many decades, macaque monkeys have served as the primary non-human primate model for studying the neurobiology of cognitive aging. More recently, the common marmoset has emerged as an advantageous model for this work due to its short lifespan that facilitates longitudinal studies. Despite their growing popularity as a model, whether marmosets exhibit patterns of age-related cognitive impairment comparable to those observed in macaques and humans remains unexplored. To address this major limitation for the development and evaluation of the marmoset as a model of cognitive aging, we directly compared working memory ability as a function of age in macaques and marmosets on the identical working memory task. Our results demonstrate that marmosets and macaques exhibit remarkably similar age-related working memory deficits, highlighting the value of the marmoset as a model for cognitive aging research within the neuroscience community.
{"title":"Parallel patterns of cognitive aging in marmosets and macaques","authors":"Casey R Vanderlip, Megan L Jutras, Payton A Asch, Stephanie Y Zhu, Monica N Lerma, Elizabeth A Buffalo, Courtney Glavis-Bloom","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.22.604411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.22.604411","url":null,"abstract":"As humans age, some experience cognitive impairment while others do not. When impairment does occur, it is not expressed uniformly across cognitive domains and varies in severity across individuals. Translationally relevant model systems are critical for understanding the neurobiological drivers of this variability, which is essential to uncovering the mechanisms underlying the brain's susceptibility to the effects of aging. As such, non-human primates are particularly important due to shared behavioral, neuroanatomical, and age-related neuropathological features with humans. For many decades, macaque monkeys have served as the primary non-human primate model for studying the neurobiology of cognitive aging. More recently, the common marmoset has emerged as an advantageous model for this work due to its short lifespan that facilitates longitudinal studies. Despite their growing popularity as a model, whether marmosets exhibit patterns of age-related cognitive impairment comparable to those observed in macaques and humans remains unexplored. To address this major limitation for the development and evaluation of the marmoset as a model of cognitive aging, we directly compared working memory ability as a function of age in macaques and marmosets on the identical working memory task. Our results demonstrate that marmosets and macaques exhibit remarkably similar age-related working memory deficits, highlighting the value of the marmoset as a model for cognitive aging research within the neuroscience community.","PeriodicalId":501210,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.23.604785
Nicole Walasek, Milan Jovicic, Anja Guenther
Changing environmental conditions pose serious challenges to organisms, for example, by disrupting access to food. Across species and traits, animals use phenotypic plasticity to rapidly adjust to such changes. Previous work has demonstrated that wild house mice are able to adjust stress coping to changing food quality within just three generations. However, we do not know when during ontogeny changing conditions induce phenotypic adjustments. We tested experimentally when during ontogeny (as fetus, newborn, weanling, or late adolescent) a food switch between standard and high-quality food shapes personality development (stress coping and stress perception) in cage-housed, wild house mice (Mus musculus domesticus). Personality traits were assessed in the Open Field and the Elevated Plus Maze at different time points during ontogeny (weaning, early adolescence, late adolescence, and adulthood). We observed three key findings. First, as mice grow older they tend to use more passive stress-coping strategies, indicating higher risk aversion. This relationship holds irrespective of food quality. However, mice fed with high-quality food show, on average, more active stress coping compared to mice receiving standard-quality food. Second, the fetal life stage might be a sensitive period for stress coping in response to experiencing decreases in nutritional quality. Third, experiencing an increase in nutritional quality may slow the age-related switch towards a passive stress-coping strategy. Our findings contrast previous work observing passive stress coping in mice living in semi-natural enclosures fed with high-quality food. We propose that the social environment of mice living in cages vs mice living in small groups may explain these differences. Our results highlight the need for experiments across the breadth of development comparing captive and semi-free-living animals. Ultimately, such studies will help us understand the complex relationships between development, nutrition, the (social) environment, and personality.
{"title":"Personality development in wild house mice: Evidence for a nutrition-dependent sensitive period early in life","authors":"Nicole Walasek, Milan Jovicic, Anja Guenther","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.23.604785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.23.604785","url":null,"abstract":"Changing environmental conditions pose serious challenges to organisms, for example, by disrupting access to food. Across species and traits, animals use phenotypic plasticity to rapidly adjust to such changes. Previous work has demonstrated that wild house mice are able to adjust stress coping to changing food quality within just three generations. However, we do not know when during ontogeny changing conditions induce phenotypic adjustments. We tested experimentally when during ontogeny (as fetus, newborn, weanling, or late adolescent) a food switch between standard and high-quality food shapes personality development (stress coping and stress perception) in cage-housed, wild house mice (Mus musculus domesticus). Personality traits were assessed in the Open Field and the Elevated Plus Maze at different time points during ontogeny (weaning, early adolescence, late adolescence, and adulthood). We observed three key findings. First, as mice grow older they tend to use more passive stress-coping strategies, indicating higher risk aversion. This relationship holds irrespective of food quality. However, mice fed with high-quality food show, on average, more active stress coping compared to mice receiving standard-quality food. Second, the fetal life stage might be a sensitive period for stress coping in response to experiencing decreases in nutritional quality. Third, experiencing an increase in nutritional quality may slow the age-related switch towards a passive stress-coping strategy. Our findings contrast previous work observing passive stress coping in mice living in semi-natural enclosures fed with high-quality food. We propose that the social environment of mice living in cages vs mice living in small groups may explain these differences. Our results highlight the need for experiments across the breadth of development comparing captive and semi-free-living animals. Ultimately, such studies will help us understand the complex relationships between development, nutrition, the (social) environment, and personality.","PeriodicalId":501210,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.20.604441
Bidhan Bhandari, Henrique Izumi Shimaoka Chagas, Sahar Emami Naeini, Pablo Shimaoka Chagas, Hannah M Rogers, Jules Gouron, Aruba Khan, Livia Maria Maciel, Mohammad Seyyedi, Neil J MacKinnon, Hesam Khodadadi, Evila L Salles, David C Hess, John C Morgan, Jack C Yu, Lei P Wang, Babak Baban
Introduction: Fentanyl and non-pharmaceutical fentanyl use have been the leading causes of opioid-induced death worldwide. Being 50 times stronger than heroin and 100 times stronger than morphine, fentanyl is a potent opioid with overdoses causing over 250,000 deaths since 2018 in the US alone. The treatment of fentanyl addiction is a complex process and a clinical challenge. There is a dire need to find other innovative and alternative modalities in the fight against fentanyl crisis. Increasing evidence suggests a correlation between neuroinflammation and symptoms of drug abuse, opening up the possibility of immunoregulatory agents as therapy for fentanyl addiction as well as a other opioid-induced addiction. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-opioid, relatively safe, non-psychoactive phyto-cannabinoid produced by cannabis plants. Importantly, recent reports have documented benefits of CBD in the treatment and management of complications related to opioid withdrawal. We investigated if inhaled CBD could reverse the fentanyl addiction and whether the CBD treatment could ameliorate the addiction symptoms by regulating neuroinflammatory signals and re-establishing the homeostasis in CNS. Method: We used a fentanyl-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) model in mouse to test whether inhaled CBD could reverse the fentanyl addiction and ameliorate the adversarial symptoms. By employing a combination of flow cytometry as well as behavioral tests, we further assessed the impact of fentanyl addiction on cells and neuroinflammatory signals in CNS and we measured the effects of CBD in the treatment of addiction symptoms and inflammatory signals. Results: Our findings suggest that CBD inhalation could be used effectively in the treatment of fentanyl addiction. CBD mitigated the excessive fentanyl-induced neuroinflammatory responses and decreased cellular stress and senescence. Conclusion: inhaled CBD could alleviate the fentanyl addiction and regulate neuroinflammatory responses. This novel approach is non-invasive, accessible, effective, and warrants further, translational and research.
{"title":"Cannabidiol reverses fentanyl-induced addiction and modulates neuroinflammation","authors":"Bidhan Bhandari, Henrique Izumi Shimaoka Chagas, Sahar Emami Naeini, Pablo Shimaoka Chagas, Hannah M Rogers, Jules Gouron, Aruba Khan, Livia Maria Maciel, Mohammad Seyyedi, Neil J MacKinnon, Hesam Khodadadi, Evila L Salles, David C Hess, John C Morgan, Jack C Yu, Lei P Wang, Babak Baban","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.20.604441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.20.604441","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Fentanyl and non-pharmaceutical fentanyl use have been the leading causes of opioid-induced death worldwide. Being 50 times stronger than heroin and 100 times stronger than morphine, fentanyl is a potent opioid with overdoses causing over 250,000 deaths since 2018 in the US alone. The treatment of fentanyl addiction is a complex process and a clinical challenge. There is a dire need to find other innovative and alternative modalities in the fight against fentanyl crisis. Increasing evidence suggests a correlation between neuroinflammation and symptoms of drug abuse, opening up the possibility of immunoregulatory agents as therapy for fentanyl addiction as well as a other opioid-induced addiction. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-opioid, relatively safe, non-psychoactive phyto-cannabinoid produced by cannabis plants. Importantly, recent reports have documented benefits of CBD in the treatment and management of complications related to opioid withdrawal. We investigated if inhaled CBD could reverse the fentanyl addiction and whether the CBD treatment could ameliorate the addiction symptoms by regulating neuroinflammatory signals and re-establishing the homeostasis in CNS. Method: We used a fentanyl-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) model in mouse to test whether inhaled CBD could reverse the fentanyl addiction and ameliorate the adversarial symptoms. By employing a combination of flow cytometry as well as behavioral tests, we further assessed the impact of fentanyl addiction on cells and neuroinflammatory signals in CNS and we measured the effects of CBD in the treatment of addiction symptoms and inflammatory signals. Results: Our findings suggest that CBD inhalation could be used effectively in the treatment of fentanyl addiction. CBD mitigated the excessive fentanyl-induced neuroinflammatory responses and decreased cellular stress and senescence. Conclusion: inhaled CBD could alleviate the fentanyl addiction and regulate neuroinflammatory responses. This novel approach is non-invasive, accessible, effective, and warrants further, translational and research.","PeriodicalId":501210,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.21.604435
Partha S Bhagavatula, Andrew A Biewener
Birds frequently must land safely and accurately on moving branches or power lines, and seemingly accomplish such maneuvers with acrobatic precision. To examine how birds target and land successfully on moving supports, we investigated how lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis ) approach and land on a swinging perch. Lovebirds were trained to take off from a hand –held perch and fly ~6 m to land on a servo–controlled swinging perch, driven at three sinusoidal frequencies, in a purpose–built flight corridor. Lovebird flight and landing kinematics were recorded using a motion capture system. A force–torque sensor mounted to the landing perch recorded the bird′s horizontal and vertical landing force and pitch torque. In support of our hypothesis for stable landings, lovebirds timed their landings in a majority of trials (51.3%), when the perch was approaching either extreme of its motion with its velocity nearing zero (27.5% in the same direction as the bird′s approach — SDS, and 23.8% in the opposite direction to the bird′s approach — ODs). As a result, lovebirds exhibited a robust bimodal strategy for timing their landing to the phase of the swinging perch. Less commonly, lovebirds landed when the perch was moving at high velocity either toward the bird′s approach (12.3%) or in the same direction as the bird′s approach (11.5%); with the remainder (21.9%) of trials distributed over a broad range of swing phases. Landing forces were greatest in the horizontal plane, with vertical forces more varied and of smaller magnitude across all landing conditions. This reflected the shallow (more horizontal) flight trajectory (approach angle: 31.9 ± 3.5° SEM) that the lovebirds adopted to decelerate and land. Increased landing force correlated with greater landing speed of the bird relative to the perch (R2 = 0.42956, p < 0.0001). The lovebirds initiated landing with a consistent body pitch angle (81.9 ± 0.46° SEM relative to horizontal) across all landing conditions, using the horizontal perch reaction force to assist in braking when landing. Subsequent head–down body pitch rotation of the bird after landing was not well correlated and generally opposite to the initial direction and magnitude of landing pitch torque, which was generally negative due to foot rotation and ankle flexion at landing. Flexion of the birds′ hind limb joints (ankle: −29.2 ± 9.2°, knee: −13.6 ± 7.4°, and hip: −4.0 ± 3.4° at landing, combined with their horizontal approach trajectory, reduced the magnitude of landing torque by aligning the bird ′s center of mass trajectory more closely to the landing perch than if they landed from above the perch. Landing pitch torque and body pitch rotation also increased uniformly in response to increased perch swing frequency. In contrast to landing forces, landing pitch torque was more varied across landing conditions, as well as in relation to the phase of landing. In general, higher landing force was encountered when th
{"title":"Landing on a dime: the biomechanics and kinematics of lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis) landing on a swinging perch","authors":"Partha S Bhagavatula, Andrew A Biewener","doi":"10.1101/2024.07.21.604435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.21.604435","url":null,"abstract":"Birds frequently must land safely and accurately on moving branches or power lines, and seemingly accomplish such maneuvers with acrobatic precision. To examine how birds target and land successfully on moving supports, we investigated how lovebirds (<em>Agapornis roseicollis </em>) approach and land on a swinging perch. Lovebirds were trained to take off from a hand –held perch and fly ~6 m to land on a servo–controlled swinging perch, driven at three sinusoidal frequencies, in a purpose–built flight corridor. Lovebird flight and landing kinematics were recorded using a motion capture system. A force–torque sensor mounted to the landing perch recorded the bird′s horizontal and vertical landing force and pitch torque. In support of our hypothesis for stable landings, lovebirds timed their landings in a majority of trials (51.3%), when the perch was approaching either extreme of its motion with its velocity nearing zero (27.5% in the same direction as the bird′s approach — SDS, and 23.8% in the opposite direction to the bird′s approach — ODs). As a result, lovebirds exhibited a robust bimodal strategy for timing their landing to the phase of the swinging perch. Less commonly, lovebirds landed when the perch was moving at high velocity either toward the bird′s approach (12.3%) or in the same direction as the bird′s approach (11.5%); with the remainder (21.9%) of trials distributed over a broad range of swing phases. Landing forces were greatest in the horizontal plane, with vertical forces more varied and of smaller magnitude across all landing conditions. This reflected the shallow (more horizontal) flight trajectory (approach angle: 31.9 ± 3.5° SEM) that the lovebirds adopted to decelerate and land. Increased landing force correlated with greater landing speed of the bird relative to the perch (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.42956, <em>p</em> < 0.0001). The lovebirds initiated landing with a consistent body pitch angle (81.9 ± 0.46° SEM relative to horizontal) across all landing conditions, using the horizontal perch reaction force to assist in braking when landing. Subsequent head–down body pitch rotation of the bird after landing was not well correlated and generally opposite to the initial direction and magnitude of landing pitch torque, which was generally negative due to foot rotation and ankle flexion at landing. Flexion of the birds′ hind limb joints (ankle: −29.2 ± 9.2°, knee: −13.6 ± 7.4°, and hip: −4.0 ± 3.4° at landing, combined with their horizontal approach trajectory, reduced the magnitude of landing torque by aligning the bird ′s center of mass trajectory more closely to the landing perch than if they landed from above the perch. Landing pitch torque and body pitch rotation also increased uniformly in response to increased perch swing frequency. In contrast to landing forces, landing pitch torque was more varied across landing conditions, as well as in relation to the phase of landing. In general, higher landing force was encountered when th","PeriodicalId":501210,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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