Guoce Yang, Mengyun Wang, June Sang Lee, Nikolaos Farmakidis, Joe Shields, Carlota Ruiz de Galarreta, Stuart Kendall, Jacopo Bertolotti, Andriy Moskalenko, Kairan Huang, Andrea Alù, C. David Wright, Harish Bhaskaran
The next generation of smart imaging and vision systems will require compact and tunable optical computing hardware to perform high-speed and low-power image processing. These requirements are driving the development of computing metasurfaces to realize efficient front-end analog optical pre-processors, especially for edge-detection capability. Yet, there is still a lack of reconfigurable or programmable schemes, which may drastically enhance the impact of these devices at the system level. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a reconfigurable flat optical image processor using low-loss phase-change nonlocal metasurfaces. The metasurface is configured to realize different transfer functions in spatial frequency space, when transitioning the phase-change material between its amorphous and crystalline phases. This enables edge detection and bright-field imaging modes on the same device. The metasurface is compatible with a large numerical aperture of ~0.5, making it suitable for high resolution coherent optical imaging microscopy. The concept of phase-change reconfigurable nonlocal metasurfaces may enable emerging applications of artificial intelligence-assisted imaging and vision devices with switchable multitasking.
{"title":"Nonlocal phase-change metaoptics for reconfigurable nonvolatile image processing","authors":"Guoce Yang, Mengyun Wang, June Sang Lee, Nikolaos Farmakidis, Joe Shields, Carlota Ruiz de Galarreta, Stuart Kendall, Jacopo Bertolotti, Andriy Moskalenko, Kairan Huang, Andrea Alù, C. David Wright, Harish Bhaskaran","doi":"arxiv-2409.10976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.10976","url":null,"abstract":"The next generation of smart imaging and vision systems will require compact\u0000and tunable optical computing hardware to perform high-speed and low-power\u0000image processing. These requirements are driving the development of computing\u0000metasurfaces to realize efficient front-end analog optical pre-processors,\u0000especially for edge-detection capability. Yet, there is still a lack of\u0000reconfigurable or programmable schemes, which may drastically enhance the\u0000impact of these devices at the system level. Here, we propose and\u0000experimentally demonstrate a reconfigurable flat optical image processor using\u0000low-loss phase-change nonlocal metasurfaces. The metasurface is configured to\u0000realize different transfer functions in spatial frequency space, when\u0000transitioning the phase-change material between its amorphous and crystalline\u0000phases. This enables edge detection and bright-field imaging modes on the same\u0000device. The metasurface is compatible with a large numerical aperture of ~0.5,\u0000making it suitable for high resolution coherent optical imaging microscopy. The\u0000concept of phase-change reconfigurable nonlocal metasurfaces may enable\u0000emerging applications of artificial intelligence-assisted imaging and vision\u0000devices with switchable multitasking.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Henry N. Chapman, Chufeng Li, Saša Bajt, Mansi Butola, J. Lukas Dresselhaus, Dmitry Egorov, Holger Fleckenstein, Nikolay Ivanov, Antonia Kiene, Bjarne Klopprogge, Viviane Kremling, Philipp Middendorf, Dominik Oberthuer, Mauro Prasciolu, T. Emilie S. Scheer, Janina Sprenger, Jia Chyi Wong, Oleksandr Yefanov, Margarita Zakharova, Wenhui Zhang
Sub-angstrom spatial resolution of electron density coupled with sub-femtosecond temporal resolution is required to directly observe the dynamics of the electronic structure of a molecule after photoinitiation or some other ultrafast perturbation. Meeting this challenge, pushing the field of quantum crystallography to attosecond timescales, would bring insights into how the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom couple, enable the study of quantum coherences involved in molecular dynamics, and ultimately enable these dynamics to be controlled. Here we propose to reach this realm by employing convergent-beam X-ray crystallography with high-power attosecond pulses from a hard-X-ray free-electron laser. We show that with dispersive optics, such as multilayer Laue lenses of high numerical aperture, it becomes possible to encode time into the resulting diffraction pattern with deep sub-femtosecond precision. Each snapshot diffraction pattern consists of Bragg streaks that can be mapped back to arrival times and positions of X-rays on the face of a crystal. This can span tens of femtoseconds, and can be finely sampled as we demonstrate experimentally. The approach brings several other advantages, such as an increase of the number of observable reflections in a snapshot diffraction pattern, all fully integrated, to improve the speed and accuracy of serial crystallography -- especially for crystals of small molecules.
要直接观察光引发或其他超快扰动后分子电子结构的动力学，需要电子密度的亚埃级空间分辨率和亚飞秒时间分辨率。应对这一挑战，将量子晶体学领域推进到阿秒级，将有助于深入了解电子和核自由度如何耦合，从而能够研究分子动力学中涉及的量子相干性，并最终能够控制分子动力学。在这里，我们建议通过使用硬 X 射线自由电子激光器发出的高功率阿秒脉冲来进行汇聚束 X 射线晶体学研究，从而达到这一境界。我们的研究表明，利用高数值孔径的多层劳厄透镜等色散光学器件，可以将时间编码到衍射图样中，并达到深亚飞秒精度。每个快照衍射图样都由布拉格条纹组成，这些条纹可以映射回 X 射线在晶体表面的到达时间和位置。其时间跨度可达数十飞秒，并可进行精细采样，实验证明了这一点。这种方法还具有其他一些优势，例如增加了快照衍射图样中可观察到的反射次数，所有这些都完全集成在一起，从而提高了序列晶体学的速度和准确性--尤其是对于小分子晶体而言。
{"title":"Convergent-beam attosecond X-ray crystallography","authors":"Henry N. Chapman, Chufeng Li, Saša Bajt, Mansi Butola, J. Lukas Dresselhaus, Dmitry Egorov, Holger Fleckenstein, Nikolay Ivanov, Antonia Kiene, Bjarne Klopprogge, Viviane Kremling, Philipp Middendorf, Dominik Oberthuer, Mauro Prasciolu, T. Emilie S. Scheer, Janina Sprenger, Jia Chyi Wong, Oleksandr Yefanov, Margarita Zakharova, Wenhui Zhang","doi":"arxiv-2409.11127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.11127","url":null,"abstract":"Sub-angstrom spatial resolution of electron density coupled with\u0000sub-femtosecond temporal resolution is required to directly observe the\u0000dynamics of the electronic structure of a molecule after photoinitiation or\u0000some other ultrafast perturbation. Meeting this challenge, pushing the field of\u0000quantum crystallography to attosecond timescales, would bring insights into how\u0000the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom couple, enable the study of\u0000quantum coherences involved in molecular dynamics, and ultimately enable these\u0000dynamics to be controlled. Here we propose to reach this realm by employing\u0000convergent-beam X-ray crystallography with high-power attosecond pulses from a\u0000hard-X-ray free-electron laser. We show that with dispersive optics, such as\u0000multilayer Laue lenses of high numerical aperture, it becomes possible to\u0000encode time into the resulting diffraction pattern with deep sub-femtosecond\u0000precision. Each snapshot diffraction pattern consists of Bragg streaks that can\u0000be mapped back to arrival times and positions of X-rays on the face of a\u0000crystal. This can span tens of femtoseconds, and can be finely sampled as we\u0000demonstrate experimentally. The approach brings several other advantages, such\u0000as an increase of the number of observable reflections in a snapshot\u0000diffraction pattern, all fully integrated, to improve the speed and accuracy of\u0000serial crystallography -- especially for crystals of small molecules.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ankit Butola, Biswajoy Ghosh, Jaena Park, Minsung Kwon, Alejandro De la Cadena, Sudipta S Mukherjee, Rohit Bhargava, Stephen A Boppart, Krishna Agarwal
Label-free characterization of biological specimens seeks to supplement existing imaging techniques and avoid the need for contrast agents that can disturb the native state of living samples. Conventional label-free optical imaging techniques are compatible with living samples but face challenges such as poor sectioning capability, fragmentary morphology, and lack chemical specific information. Here, we combined simultaneous label-free autofluorescence multi-harmonic (SLAM) microscopy and gradient light interference microscopy (GLIM) to extract both chemical specific and morphological tomography of 3D cultured kidney mesangial cells. Imaging 3D in vitro kidney models is essential to understand kidney function and pathology. Our correlative approach enables imaging and quantification of these cells to extract both morphology and chemical-specific signals that is crucial for understanding kidney function. In our approach, SLAM offers a nonlinear imaging platform with a single-excitation source to simultaneously acquire autofluorescence (FAD and NAD(P)H), second, and third harmonic signal from the 3D cultured cells. Complementarily, GLIM acquires high-contrast quantitative phase information to quantify structural changes in samples with thickness of up to 250 micron. Our correlative imaging results demonstrate a versatile and hassle-free platform for morpho-chemical cellular tomography to investigate functions such as metabolism and matrix deposition of kidney mesangial cells in 3D under controlled physiological conditions.
{"title":"Label-free correlative morpho-chemical tomography of 3D kidney mesangial cells","authors":"Ankit Butola, Biswajoy Ghosh, Jaena Park, Minsung Kwon, Alejandro De la Cadena, Sudipta S Mukherjee, Rohit Bhargava, Stephen A Boppart, Krishna Agarwal","doi":"arxiv-2409.10971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.10971","url":null,"abstract":"Label-free characterization of biological specimens seeks to supplement\u0000existing imaging techniques and avoid the need for contrast agents that can\u0000disturb the native state of living samples. Conventional label-free optical\u0000imaging techniques are compatible with living samples but face challenges such\u0000as poor sectioning capability, fragmentary morphology, and lack chemical\u0000specific information. Here, we combined simultaneous label-free\u0000autofluorescence multi-harmonic (SLAM) microscopy and gradient light\u0000interference microscopy (GLIM) to extract both chemical specific and\u0000morphological tomography of 3D cultured kidney mesangial cells. Imaging 3D in\u0000vitro kidney models is essential to understand kidney function and pathology.\u0000Our correlative approach enables imaging and quantification of these cells to\u0000extract both morphology and chemical-specific signals that is crucial for\u0000understanding kidney function. In our approach, SLAM offers a nonlinear imaging\u0000platform with a single-excitation source to simultaneously acquire\u0000autofluorescence (FAD and NAD(P)H), second, and third harmonic signal from the\u00003D cultured cells. Complementarily, GLIM acquires high-contrast quantitative\u0000phase information to quantify structural changes in samples with thickness of\u0000up to 250 micron. Our correlative imaging results demonstrate a versatile and\u0000hassle-free platform for morpho-chemical cellular tomography to investigate\u0000functions such as metabolism and matrix deposition of kidney mesangial cells in\u00003D under controlled physiological conditions.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ubaldo Iriso, Laura Torino, Chris Carilli, Bojan Nikolic, Nithyanandan Thyagarajan
Emittance measurements using synchrotron radiation are usually performed using x-rays to avoid diffraction limits. Interferometric techniques using visible light are also used to measure either the horizontal or the vertical beam projection. Several measurements rotating the interferometry axis are needed to obtain a full beam reconstruction. In this report we present a new interferometric multi-aperture masking technique and data analysis, inspired by astronomical methods, that are able to provide a full 2-D transverse beam reconstruction in a single acquisition. Results of beam characterization obtained at ALBA synchrotron light source will also been shown.
利用同步辐射进行幅射测量通常使用 X 射线，以避免衍射限制。使用可见光的干涉测量技术也可用于测量水平或垂直光束投影。要获得完整的光束重建，需要对干涉测量轴进行多次旋转测量。在本报告中，我们受天文学方法的启发，介绍了一种新的干涉测量多孔径掩蔽技术和数据分析方法，它能够在一次采集中提供完整的二维横向光束重建。报告还将展示在 ALBA 同步辐射光源上获得的光束表征结果。
{"title":"New interferometric aperture masking technique for full transverse beam characterization using synchrotron radiation","authors":"Ubaldo Iriso, Laura Torino, Chris Carilli, Bojan Nikolic, Nithyanandan Thyagarajan","doi":"arxiv-2409.11135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.11135","url":null,"abstract":"Emittance measurements using synchrotron radiation are usually performed\u0000using x-rays to avoid diffraction limits. Interferometric techniques using\u0000visible light are also used to measure either the horizontal or the vertical\u0000beam projection. Several measurements rotating the interferometry axis are\u0000needed to obtain a full beam reconstruction. In this report we present a new\u0000interferometric multi-aperture masking technique and data analysis, inspired by\u0000astronomical methods, that are able to provide a full 2-D transverse beam\u0000reconstruction in a single acquisition. Results of beam characterization\u0000obtained at ALBA synchrotron light source will also been shown.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we provide the semi-analytical solution of the temperature and flow fields of a fluid confined in a narrow space between two parallel plates. The temperature increase is triggered by photothermal effects of fluids and/or boundaries due to the absorption of a focused Gaussian beam irradiated perpendicular to the fluid film, and then the temperature variation induces the flow fields through a buoyancy force and/or thermo-osmotic slip. The semi-analytical solution to this optothermal fluidic system is validated by comparing with the results of numerical simulation, and is applied to typical optothermal fluidic problems. In particular, the optothermal trap of nanoparticles observed in our previous experiment [T. Tsuji, et al., Electrophoresis, 42, 2401 (2021)] is investigated in terms of thermophoretic force and flow drag that are obtained semi-analytically. The semi-analytical solution can be shared through open-source codes that are available to researchers without the background of fluid mechanics.
{"title":"Semi-analytical model of optothermal fluidics in a confinement","authors":"Tetsuro Tsuji, Shun Saito, Satoshi Taguchi","doi":"arxiv-2409.10837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.10837","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we provide the semi-analytical solution of the temperature and\u0000flow fields of a fluid confined in a narrow space between two parallel plates.\u0000The temperature increase is triggered by photothermal effects of fluids and/or\u0000boundaries due to the absorption of a focused Gaussian beam irradiated\u0000perpendicular to the fluid film, and then the temperature variation induces the\u0000flow fields through a buoyancy force and/or thermo-osmotic slip. The\u0000semi-analytical solution to this optothermal fluidic system is validated by\u0000comparing with the results of numerical simulation, and is applied to typical\u0000optothermal fluidic problems. In particular, the optothermal trap of\u0000nanoparticles observed in our previous experiment [T. Tsuji, et al.,\u0000Electrophoresis, 42, 2401 (2021)] is investigated in terms of thermophoretic\u0000force and flow drag that are obtained semi-analytically. The semi-analytical\u0000solution can be shared through open-source codes that are available to\u0000researchers without the background of fluid mechanics.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When an excited electromagnetically open optical waveguide goes through a temporal transition of its material properties, it radiates to the ambient surroundings. In this letter, we explore this radiation and reveal, using asymptotic evaluation of path integral in the complex frequency (Laplace) plane, a peculiar space-time dependence of its frequency. Specifically, we derive an exact formula (Eq. (11)) for the instantaneous radiation frequency, which exhibits a chirp behavior with respect to time. This simple formula depends on the ambient properties and on the longitudinal wavenumber beta of the guided mode before the temporal transition but not on the specific waveguide structure or materials. In addition, we derive a t^(-3/2) decay rate of the radiative field on time. We verify our analytic results using full-wave simulations of a dispersive and lossy Indium Tin Oxide waveguide that undergoes smooth temporal long transitions over up to ~200 cycles at the initially guided mode frequency. Thus, these theoretical findings offer valuable insights into the behavior of general optical waveguides experiencing temporal transitions and provide a powerful tool for analyzing and designing such THz and optical setups, with potential use in sensing and imaging.
{"title":"Universal radiation dynamics by temporal transitions in optical waveguides","authors":"Amir Shlivinski, Yakir Hadad","doi":"arxiv-2409.11526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.11526","url":null,"abstract":"When an excited electromagnetically open optical waveguide goes through a\u0000temporal transition of its material properties, it radiates to the ambient\u0000surroundings. In this letter, we explore this radiation and reveal, using\u0000asymptotic evaluation of path integral in the complex frequency (Laplace)\u0000plane, a peculiar space-time dependence of its frequency. Specifically, we\u0000derive an exact formula (Eq. (11)) for the instantaneous radiation frequency,\u0000which exhibits a chirp behavior with respect to time. This simple formula\u0000depends on the ambient properties and on the longitudinal wavenumber beta of\u0000the guided mode before the temporal transition but not on the specific\u0000waveguide structure or materials. In addition, we derive a t^(-3/2) decay rate\u0000of the radiative field on time. We verify our analytic results using full-wave\u0000simulations of a dispersive and lossy Indium Tin Oxide waveguide that undergoes\u0000smooth temporal long transitions over up to ~200 cycles at the initially guided\u0000mode frequency. Thus, these theoretical findings offer valuable insights into\u0000the behavior of general optical waveguides experiencing temporal transitions\u0000and provide a powerful tool for analyzing and designing such THz and optical\u0000setups, with potential use in sensing and imaging.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Fisicaro, Y. C. Doedes, T. A. Steenbergen, M. P. van Exter, W. Löffler
We demonstrate the dynamical Talbot effect caused by optical diffraction from standing surface acoustic waves (SAWs). The Talbot effect is a wave interference phenomenon in the Fresnel regime, and we observe it with a fiber-based scanning optical interferometer on a SAW Fabry-Perot cavity. By studying the interferometric signal at 1 GHz, we first discover the existence of an amplitude-modulated term, that can exceed in magnitude the usual phase-modulated term, enabling a new way of imaging surface acoustic waves. Secondly, by displacing the acoustic device from the beam focus we reveal the optical Talbot effect, where despite the curved wavefronts of the optical field, the conventional Talbot length appears. As a consequence, the amplitude modulation vanishes at periodic positions of the acoustic wave relative to the beam focus.
{"title":"Observation of the Talbot effect from a surface acoustic wave dynamic grating","authors":"M. Fisicaro, Y. C. Doedes, T. A. Steenbergen, M. P. van Exter, W. Löffler","doi":"arxiv-2409.11161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.11161","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate the dynamical Talbot effect caused by optical diffraction from\u0000standing surface acoustic waves (SAWs). The Talbot effect is a wave\u0000interference phenomenon in the Fresnel regime, and we observe it with a\u0000fiber-based scanning optical interferometer on a SAW Fabry-Perot cavity. By\u0000studying the interferometric signal at 1 GHz, we first discover the existence\u0000of an amplitude-modulated term, that can exceed in magnitude the usual\u0000phase-modulated term, enabling a new way of imaging surface acoustic waves.\u0000Secondly, by displacing the acoustic device from the beam focus we reveal the\u0000optical Talbot effect, where despite the curved wavefronts of the optical\u0000field, the conventional Talbot length appears. As a consequence, the amplitude\u0000modulation vanishes at periodic positions of the acoustic wave relative to the\u0000beam focus.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinyong Ma, Tongmiao Fan, Tuomas Haggren, Laura Valencia Molina, Matthew Parry, Saniya Shinde, Jihua Zhang, Rocio Camacho Morales, Frank Setzpfandt, Hark Hoe Tan, Chennupati Jagadish, Dragomir N. Neshev, Andrey A. Sukhorukov
Tunable biphoton quantum entanglement generated from nonlinear processes is highly desirable for cutting-edge quantum technologies, yet its tunability is substantially constrained by the symmetry of material nonlinear tensors. Here, we overcome this constraint by introducing symmetry-breaking in nonlinear polarization to generate optically tunable biphoton entanglement at picosecond speeds. Asymmetric optical responses have made breakthroughs in classical applications like non-reciprocal light transmission. We now experimentally demonstrate the nonlinear asymmetry response for biphoton entanglement using a semiconductor metasurface incorporating [110] InGaP nano-resonators with structural asymmetry. We realize continuous tuning of polarization entanglement from near-unentangled states to a Bell state. This tunability can also extend to produce tailored hyperentanglement. Furthermore, our nanoscale entanglement source features an ultra-high coincidence-to-accidental ratio of $approx7times10^4$, outperforming existing semiconductor flat optics by two orders of magnitude. Introducing asymmetric nonlinear response in quantum metasurfaces opens new directions for tailoring on-demand quantum states and beyond.
{"title":"Generation of tunable quantum entanglement via nonlinearity symmetry breaking in semiconductor metasurfaces","authors":"Jinyong Ma, Tongmiao Fan, Tuomas Haggren, Laura Valencia Molina, Matthew Parry, Saniya Shinde, Jihua Zhang, Rocio Camacho Morales, Frank Setzpfandt, Hark Hoe Tan, Chennupati Jagadish, Dragomir N. Neshev, Andrey A. Sukhorukov","doi":"arxiv-2409.10845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.10845","url":null,"abstract":"Tunable biphoton quantum entanglement generated from nonlinear processes is\u0000highly desirable for cutting-edge quantum technologies, yet its tunability is\u0000substantially constrained by the symmetry of material nonlinear tensors. Here,\u0000we overcome this constraint by introducing symmetry-breaking in nonlinear\u0000polarization to generate optically tunable biphoton entanglement at picosecond\u0000speeds. Asymmetric optical responses have made breakthroughs in classical\u0000applications like non-reciprocal light transmission. We now experimentally\u0000demonstrate the nonlinear asymmetry response for biphoton entanglement using a\u0000semiconductor metasurface incorporating [110] InGaP nano-resonators with\u0000structural asymmetry. We realize continuous tuning of polarization entanglement\u0000from near-unentangled states to a Bell state. This tunability can also extend\u0000to produce tailored hyperentanglement. Furthermore, our nanoscale entanglement\u0000source features an ultra-high coincidence-to-accidental ratio of\u0000$approx7times10^4$, outperforming existing semiconductor flat optics by two\u0000orders of magnitude. Introducing asymmetric nonlinear response in quantum\u0000metasurfaces opens new directions for tailoring on-demand quantum states and\u0000beyond.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sander Senhorst, Yifeng Shao, Sven Weerdenburg, Roland Horsten, Christina Porter, Wim Coene
Ptychography in a reflection geometry shows great promise for non-destructive imaging of 3-dimensional nanostructures at the surface of a thick substrate. A major challenge to obtain high quality reflection-ptychographic images under near-grazing conditions has been to calibrate the incidence angle used to straighten the measured curved diffraction patterns in a process referred to as 'tilted plane correction' (TPC). In this work, we leverage the flexibility of automatic differentiation (AD)-based modeling to realise an alternative approach, where the tilted propagation is included into the forward model. Use of AD allows us to jointly optimize the tilt angles with the typical probe and object, eliminating the need for accurate calibration or random search optimization. The approach was validated using datasets generated with an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) beamline based on either a tabletop high harmonic generation (HHG) source or a visible laser. We demonstrate that the proposed approach can converge to a precision of $pm 0.05deg$ for probe beams at $70deg$ angle of incidence, possibly precise enough for use as a calibration approach. Furthermore, we demonstrate that optimizing for the tilt angles reduces artifacts and increases reconstruction fidelity. Use of AD not only streamlines the current ptychographic reconstruction process, but should also enable optimization of more complex models in other domains, which will undoubtedly be essential for future advancements in computational imaging.
{"title":"Mitigating tilt-induced artifacts in reflection ptychography via optimization of the tilt angles","authors":"Sander Senhorst, Yifeng Shao, Sven Weerdenburg, Roland Horsten, Christina Porter, Wim Coene","doi":"arxiv-2409.11251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.11251","url":null,"abstract":"Ptychography in a reflection geometry shows great promise for non-destructive\u0000imaging of 3-dimensional nanostructures at the surface of a thick substrate. A\u0000major challenge to obtain high quality reflection-ptychographic images under\u0000near-grazing conditions has been to calibrate the incidence angle used to\u0000straighten the measured curved diffraction patterns in a process referred to as\u0000'tilted plane correction' (TPC). In this work, we leverage the flexibility of\u0000automatic differentiation (AD)-based modeling to realise an alternative\u0000approach, where the tilted propagation is included into the forward model. Use\u0000of AD allows us to jointly optimize the tilt angles with the typical probe and\u0000object, eliminating the need for accurate calibration or random search\u0000optimization. The approach was validated using datasets generated with an\u0000extreme ultraviolet (EUV) beamline based on either a tabletop high harmonic\u0000generation (HHG) source or a visible laser. We demonstrate that the proposed\u0000approach can converge to a precision of $pm 0.05deg$ for probe beams at\u0000$70deg$ angle of incidence, possibly precise enough for use as a calibration\u0000approach. Furthermore, we demonstrate that optimizing for the tilt angles\u0000reduces artifacts and increases reconstruction fidelity. Use of AD not only\u0000streamlines the current ptychographic reconstruction process, but should also\u0000enable optimization of more complex models in other domains, which will\u0000undoubtedly be essential for future advancements in computational imaging.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chuangchuang WeiNonlinear Nanophotonics Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands, Hanke FengDepartment of Electrical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, Kaixuan YeNonlinear Nanophotonics Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands, Maarten EijkelNonlinear Nanophotonics Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands, Yvan KlaverNonlinear Nanophotonics Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands, Zhaoxi ChenDepartment of Electrical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, Akshay KelothNonlinear Nanophotonics Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands, Cheng WangDepartment of Electrical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, David MarpaungNonlinear Nanophotonics Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
Microwave photonics, with its advanced high-frequency signal processing capabilities, is expected to play a crucial role in next-generation wireless communications and radar systems. The realization of highly integrated, high-performance, and multifunctional microwave photonic links will pave the way for its widespread deployment in practical applications, which is a significant challenge. Here, leveraging thin-film lithium niobate intensity modulator and programmable cascaded microring resonators, we demonstrate for the first time a tunable microwave photonic notch filter that simultaneously achieves high level of integration along with high dynamic range, high link gain, low noise figure, and ultra-high rejection ratio. Additionally, this programmable on-chip system is multifunctional, allowing for the dual-band notch filter and the suppression of the high-power interference signal. This work demonstrates the potential applications of the thin-film lithium niobate platform in the field of high-performance integrated microwave photonic filtering and signal processing, facilitating the advancement of microwave photonic system towards practical applications.
{"title":"Programmable multifunctional integrated microwave photonic circuit on thin-film lithium niobate","authors":"Chuangchuang WeiNonlinear Nanophotonics Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands, Hanke FengDepartment of Electrical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, Kaixuan YeNonlinear Nanophotonics Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands, Maarten EijkelNonlinear Nanophotonics Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands, Yvan KlaverNonlinear Nanophotonics Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands, Zhaoxi ChenDepartment of Electrical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, Akshay KelothNonlinear Nanophotonics Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands, Cheng WangDepartment of Electrical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, David MarpaungNonlinear Nanophotonics Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands","doi":"arxiv-2409.10227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.10227","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave photonics, with its advanced high-frequency signal processing\u0000capabilities, is expected to play a crucial role in next-generation wireless\u0000communications and radar systems. The realization of highly integrated,\u0000high-performance, and multifunctional microwave photonic links will pave the\u0000way for its widespread deployment in practical applications, which is a\u0000significant challenge. Here, leveraging thin-film lithium niobate intensity\u0000modulator and programmable cascaded microring resonators, we demonstrate for\u0000the first time a tunable microwave photonic notch filter that simultaneously\u0000achieves high level of integration along with high dynamic range, high link\u0000gain, low noise figure, and ultra-high rejection ratio. Additionally, this\u0000programmable on-chip system is multifunctional, allowing for the dual-band\u0000notch filter and the suppression of the high-power interference signal. This\u0000work demonstrates the potential applications of the thin-film lithium niobate\u0000platform in the field of high-performance integrated microwave photonic\u0000filtering and signal processing, facilitating the advancement of microwave\u0000photonic system towards practical applications.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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