Topological valley photonics, which exploits valley degree of freedom to manipulate electromagnetic waves, offers a practical and effective pathway for various classical and quantum photonic applications across the entire spectrum. Current valley photonics, however, has been limited to two dimensions, which typically suffer from out-of-plane losses and can only manipulate the flow of light in planar geometries. Here, we have theoretically and experimentally developed a framework of three-dimensional (3D) topological valley photonics with a complete photonic bandgap and vectorial valley contrasting physics. Unlike the two-dimensional counterparts with a pair of valleys characterized by scalar valley Chern numbers, the 3D valley systems exhibit triple pairs of valleys characterized by valley Chern vectors, enabling the creation of vectorial bulk valley vortices and canalized chiral valley surface states. Notably, the valley Chern vectors and the circulating propagation direction of the valley surface states are intrinsically governed by the right-hand-thumb rule. Our findings reveal the vectorial nature of the 3D valley states and highlight their potential applications in 3D waveguiding, directional radiation, and imaging.
{"title":"Three-dimensional topological valley photonics","authors":"Wenhao Li, Qiaolu Chen, Ning Han, Xinrui Li, Fujia Chen, Junyao Wu, Yuang Pan, Yudong Ren, Hongsheng Chen, Haoran Xue, Yihao Yang","doi":"arxiv-2409.11715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.11715","url":null,"abstract":"Topological valley photonics, which exploits valley degree of freedom to\u0000manipulate electromagnetic waves, offers a practical and effective pathway for\u0000various classical and quantum photonic applications across the entire spectrum.\u0000Current valley photonics, however, has been limited to two dimensions, which\u0000typically suffer from out-of-plane losses and can only manipulate the flow of\u0000light in planar geometries. Here, we have theoretically and experimentally\u0000developed a framework of three-dimensional (3D) topological valley photonics\u0000with a complete photonic bandgap and vectorial valley contrasting physics.\u0000Unlike the two-dimensional counterparts with a pair of valleys characterized by\u0000scalar valley Chern numbers, the 3D valley systems exhibit triple pairs of\u0000valleys characterized by valley Chern vectors, enabling the creation of\u0000vectorial bulk valley vortices and canalized chiral valley surface states.\u0000Notably, the valley Chern vectors and the circulating propagation direction of\u0000the valley surface states are intrinsically governed by the right-hand-thumb\u0000rule. Our findings reveal the vectorial nature of the 3D valley states and\u0000highlight their potential applications in 3D waveguiding, directional\u0000radiation, and imaging.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Owing to the ubiquity and easy-to-shape property of optical intensity, the intensity gradient force of light has been most spectacularly exploited in optical manipulation of small particles. Manifesting the intensity gradient as an optical torque to spin particles is of great fascination on both fundamental and practical sides but remains elusive. Here, we uncover the existence of the optical intensity-gradient torque in the interaction of light with chiral particles. Such a new type of torque derives from the interplay between chirality induced multipoles, which switches its direction for particles with opposite chirality. We show that this torque can be directly detected by a simple standing wave field, created with the interference of two counterpropagating plane-like waves. Our work offers a unique route to achieve rotational control of matter by tailoring the field intensity of Maxwell waves. It also establishes a framework that maps a remarkable connection among the optical forces and torques, across chiral to nonchiral.
{"title":"Optical intensity-gradient torque due to chiral multipole interplay","authors":"Jiquan Wen, Huajin Chen, Hongxia Zheng, Xiaohao Xu, Shaohui Yan, Baoli Yao, Zhifang Lin","doi":"arxiv-2409.11924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.11924","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to the ubiquity and easy-to-shape property of optical intensity, the\u0000intensity gradient force of light has been most spectacularly exploited in\u0000optical manipulation of small particles. Manifesting the intensity gradient as\u0000an optical torque to spin particles is of great fascination on both fundamental\u0000and practical sides but remains elusive. Here, we uncover the existence of the\u0000optical intensity-gradient torque in the interaction of light with chiral\u0000particles. Such a new type of torque derives from the interplay between\u0000chirality induced multipoles, which switches its direction for particles with\u0000opposite chirality. We show that this torque can be directly detected by a\u0000simple standing wave field, created with the interference of two\u0000counterpropagating plane-like waves. Our work offers a unique route to achieve\u0000rotational control of matter by tailoring the field intensity of Maxwell waves.\u0000It also establishes a framework that maps a remarkable connection among the\u0000optical forces and torques, across chiral to nonchiral.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"202 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the important features of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians is the existence of a unique type of singularities, the so-called exceptional points. When the corresponding systems operate around such singularities, they exhibit ultrasensitive behavior that has no analog in conservative systems. An alternative way to realize such ultra-sensitivity relies on asymmetric couplings. Here we provide a comprehensive analysis based on pseudospectra, that shows the origin of exponential sensitivity, without relying on topological zero modes or the localization of all eigenstates (skin effect), but on the underlying extreme non-normality of the problem. In particular, we consider four different type of lattices (Hatano-Nelson, Sylvester-Kac, NH-SSH and NH-Random lattice) and identify the conditions for exponential sensitivity as a function of the lattice size. Complex and structured pseudospectra reveal the signatures of exponential sensitivity both on the eigenvalue spectra and on the underlying dynamics. Our study, may open new directions on studies related to the exploitation of non-normality for constructing ultra-sensitive systems that do not rely on the existence of EPs.
{"title":"Scaling of pseudospectra in exponentially sensitive lattices","authors":"Ioannis Kiorpelidis, Konstantinos G. Makris","doi":"arxiv-2409.12036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.12036","url":null,"abstract":"One of the important features of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians is the existence\u0000of a unique type of singularities, the so-called exceptional points. When the\u0000corresponding systems operate around such singularities, they exhibit\u0000ultrasensitive behavior that has no analog in conservative systems. An\u0000alternative way to realize such ultra-sensitivity relies on asymmetric\u0000couplings. Here we provide a comprehensive analysis based on pseudospectra,\u0000that shows the origin of exponential sensitivity, without relying on\u0000topological zero modes or the localization of all eigenstates (skin effect),\u0000but on the underlying extreme non-normality of the problem. In particular, we\u0000consider four different type of lattices (Hatano-Nelson, Sylvester-Kac, NH-SSH\u0000and NH-Random lattice) and identify the conditions for exponential sensitivity\u0000as a function of the lattice size. Complex and structured pseudospectra reveal\u0000the signatures of exponential sensitivity both on the eigenvalue spectra and on\u0000the underlying dynamics. Our study, may open new directions on studies related\u0000to the exploitation of non-normality for constructing ultra-sensitive systems\u0000that do not rely on the existence of EPs.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bekirov, V. Sitnyansky, S. Senotrusova, B. Lukyanchuk, I. Yaminsky, A. Fedyanin
A novel effect of rotation in the optical image of structures in an opaque screen is presented. Theoretical calculations and experimental validation are presented. The features and the conditions of this effect are discussed.
{"title":"Rotation effect in optical imaging of symmetrical figures in an opaque screen","authors":"A. Bekirov, V. Sitnyansky, S. Senotrusova, B. Lukyanchuk, I. Yaminsky, A. Fedyanin","doi":"arxiv-2409.11814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.11814","url":null,"abstract":"A novel effect of rotation in the optical image of structures in an opaque\u0000screen is presented. Theoretical calculations and experimental validation are\u0000presented. The features and the conditions of this effect are discussed.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dominik Horneber, Johannes Düreth, Tim Schembri, Simon Betzold, Matthias Stolte, Sven Höfling, Frank Würthner, Sebastian Klembt
Perylene bisimides (PBIs) are organic dyes with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) close to unity in solution and great thermal and photo-chemical stability. These features alongside the tunability of their solid-state packing arrangement via chemical functionalization make this material class an excellent candidate for exciton-polariton lasing at room temperature. Polariton lasing is well understood in III-V semiconductors at cryogenic temperatures, however, the search for emitter materials for robust and versatile room temperature applications is ongoing. While e.g. perovskites and several organic materials have been identified to support polariton lasing, many of these materials lack tunability and long-term stability under ambient conditions. Here, we fabricate optical microcavities using a strongly enwrapped PBI chromophore with prevailing monomer-like absorption and emission properties in the solid state. Voluminous bay-substituents prevent stacking induced PLQY-quenching, thereby enabling polariton lasing at room temperature. Additionally, photonic confinement in single hemispheric resonators is demonstrated leading to localized polaritonic modes with discrete energies, as well as optical lattices revealing distinct polaritonic band-structures. Due to the possibility of tunable properties by the precise control of the solid-state packing arrangement of PBI emitters, our results pave the way for polarization-dependent light-matter coupling, including topological photonic effects within oriented crystalline thin-film microcavity structures.
{"title":"Enwrapped Perylene Bisimide Enables Room Temperature Polariton Lasing and Photonic Lattices","authors":"Dominik Horneber, Johannes Düreth, Tim Schembri, Simon Betzold, Matthias Stolte, Sven Höfling, Frank Würthner, Sebastian Klembt","doi":"arxiv-2409.12093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.12093","url":null,"abstract":"Perylene bisimides (PBIs) are organic dyes with photoluminescence quantum\u0000yields (PLQY) close to unity in solution and great thermal and photo-chemical\u0000stability. These features alongside the tunability of their solid-state packing\u0000arrangement via chemical functionalization make this material class an\u0000excellent candidate for exciton-polariton lasing at room temperature. Polariton\u0000lasing is well understood in III-V semiconductors at cryogenic temperatures,\u0000however, the search for emitter materials for robust and versatile room\u0000temperature applications is ongoing. While e.g. perovskites and several organic\u0000materials have been identified to support polariton lasing, many of these\u0000materials lack tunability and long-term stability under ambient conditions.\u0000Here, we fabricate optical microcavities using a strongly enwrapped PBI\u0000chromophore with prevailing monomer-like absorption and emission properties in\u0000the solid state. Voluminous bay-substituents prevent stacking induced\u0000PLQY-quenching, thereby enabling polariton lasing at room temperature.\u0000Additionally, photonic confinement in single hemispheric resonators is\u0000demonstrated leading to localized polaritonic modes with discrete energies, as\u0000well as optical lattices revealing distinct polaritonic band-structures. Due to\u0000the possibility of tunable properties by the precise control of the solid-state\u0000packing arrangement of PBI emitters, our results pave the way for\u0000polarization-dependent light-matter coupling, including topological photonic\u0000effects within oriented crystalline thin-film microcavity structures.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ability to create surface structures with precisely controlled chirality remains a major challenge in laser-matter interaction experiments. In this work, we theoretically study the interaction of vortex laser beams, characterized by spiral polarization patterns and twisted wavefronts, with rough metallic surfaces in order to create surface patterns with chirality. Using numerical simulations based on the finite-difference time-domain method, we investigate how spin and orbital angular momenta influence the inhomogeneous energy absorption at the surface and generate twisted optical forces that can drive topographic reorganization. We show how different structured light fields can create intricate patterns with chiral features on a material surface. We emphasize the crucial role of polarization and spatial inhomogeneity of the light field in the generation of asymmetric torque forces that directly affect the surface dynamics. Our electromagnetic simulations show how vortex beams can be used to create chiral surface structures, expanding our knowledge of laser-generated periodic surface structures and opening up new possibilities for chiral surface engineering.
{"title":"Chiral patterning of rough surfaces with vortex laser beams: from structured polarization to twisted forces","authors":"Vladimir Yu. Fedorov, Jean-Philippe Colombier","doi":"arxiv-2409.12077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.12077","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to create surface structures with precisely controlled chirality\u0000remains a major challenge in laser-matter interaction experiments. In this\u0000work, we theoretically study the interaction of vortex laser beams,\u0000characterized by spiral polarization patterns and twisted wavefronts, with\u0000rough metallic surfaces in order to create surface patterns with chirality.\u0000Using numerical simulations based on the finite-difference time-domain method,\u0000we investigate how spin and orbital angular momenta influence the inhomogeneous\u0000energy absorption at the surface and generate twisted optical forces that can\u0000drive topographic reorganization. We show how different structured light fields\u0000can create intricate patterns with chiral features on a material surface. We\u0000emphasize the crucial role of polarization and spatial inhomogeneity of the\u0000light field in the generation of asymmetric torque forces that directly affect\u0000the surface dynamics. Our electromagnetic simulations show how vortex beams can\u0000be used to create chiral surface structures, expanding our knowledge of\u0000laser-generated periodic surface structures and opening up new possibilities\u0000for chiral surface engineering.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giulia Carini, Richarda Niemann, Niclas Sven Mueller, Martin Wolf, Alexander Paarmann
Surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) have become a key ingredient for infrared nanophotonics, owing to their long lifetimes and the large number of polar dielectric crystals supporting them. While these evanescent modes have been thoroughly characterized by near-field mapping or far-field intensity measurements over the last decade, far-field optical experiments also providing phase information are less common. In this paper, we study surface phonon polaritons at the gallium phosphide (GaP)-air interface in the momentum domain using the Otto-type prism coupling geometry. We combine this method with spectroscopic ellipsometry to obtain both amplitude and phase information of the reflected waves across the entire reststrahlen band of GaP. By adjusting the prism-sample air gap width, we systematically study the dependence of the ellipsometry parameters on the optical coupling efficiency. In particular, we show that the combined observation of both ellipsometry parameters - amplitude and phase - provides a powerful tool for the detection of SPhPs, even in the presence of high optical losses. Finally, we theoretically study how surface phonon polariton ellipsometry can reveal the emergence of vibrational strong coupling through changes in the topology of their complex plane trajectories, opening up a new perspective on light-matter coupling.
{"title":"Surface Phonon Polariton Ellipsometry","authors":"Giulia Carini, Richarda Niemann, Niclas Sven Mueller, Martin Wolf, Alexander Paarmann","doi":"arxiv-2409.12035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.12035","url":null,"abstract":"Surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) have become a key ingredient for infrared\u0000nanophotonics, owing to their long lifetimes and the large number of polar\u0000dielectric crystals supporting them. While these evanescent modes have been\u0000thoroughly characterized by near-field mapping or far-field intensity\u0000measurements over the last decade, far-field optical experiments also providing\u0000phase information are less common. In this paper, we study surface phonon\u0000polaritons at the gallium phosphide (GaP)-air interface in the momentum domain\u0000using the Otto-type prism coupling geometry. We combine this method with\u0000spectroscopic ellipsometry to obtain both amplitude and phase information of\u0000the reflected waves across the entire reststrahlen band of GaP. By adjusting\u0000the prism-sample air gap width, we systematically study the dependence of the\u0000ellipsometry parameters on the optical coupling efficiency. In particular, we\u0000show that the combined observation of both ellipsometry parameters - amplitude\u0000and phase - provides a powerful tool for the detection of SPhPs, even in the\u0000presence of high optical losses. Finally, we theoretically study how surface\u0000phonon polariton ellipsometry can reveal the emergence of vibrational strong\u0000coupling through changes in the topology of their complex plane trajectories,\u0000opening up a new perspective on light-matter coupling.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Berenice Garcia Rodriguez, Erik Olsén, Fredrik Skärberg, Giovanni Volpe, Fredrik Höök, Daniel Sundås Midtvedt
In order to relate nanoparticle properties to function, fast and detailed particle characterization, is needed. The ability to characterize nanoparticle samples using optical microscopy techniques has drastically improved over the past few decades; consequently, there are now numerous microscopy methods available for detailed characterization of particles with nanometric size. However, there is currently no ``one size fits all'' solution to the problem of nanoparticle characterization. Instead, since the available techniques have different detection limits and deliver related but different quantitative information, the measurement and analysis approaches need to be selected and adapted for the sample at hand. In this tutorial, we review the optical theory of single particle scattering and how it relates to the differences and similarities in the quantitative particle information obtained from commonly used microscopy techniques, with an emphasis on nanometric (submicron) sized dielectric particles. Particular emphasis is placed on how the optical signal relates to mass, size, structure, and material properties of the detected particles and to its combination with diffusivity-based particle sizing. We also discuss emerging opportunities in the wake of new technology development, with the ambition to guide the choice of measurement strategy based on various challenges related to different types of nanoparticle samples and associated analytical demands.
{"title":"Optical Label-Free Microscopy Characterization of Dielectric Nanoparticles","authors":"Berenice Garcia Rodriguez, Erik Olsén, Fredrik Skärberg, Giovanni Volpe, Fredrik Höök, Daniel Sundås Midtvedt","doi":"arxiv-2409.11810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.11810","url":null,"abstract":"In order to relate nanoparticle properties to function, fast and detailed\u0000particle characterization, is needed. The ability to characterize nanoparticle\u0000samples using optical microscopy techniques has drastically improved over the\u0000past few decades; consequently, there are now numerous microscopy methods\u0000available for detailed characterization of particles with nanometric size.\u0000However, there is currently no ``one size fits all'' solution to the problem of\u0000nanoparticle characterization. Instead, since the available techniques have\u0000different detection limits and deliver related but different quantitative\u0000information, the measurement and analysis approaches need to be selected and\u0000adapted for the sample at hand. In this tutorial, we review the optical theory\u0000of single particle scattering and how it relates to the differences and\u0000similarities in the quantitative particle information obtained from commonly\u0000used microscopy techniques, with an emphasis on nanometric (submicron) sized\u0000dielectric particles. Particular emphasis is placed on how the optical signal\u0000relates to mass, size, structure, and material properties of the detected\u0000particles and to its combination with diffusivity-based particle sizing. We\u0000also discuss emerging opportunities in the wake of new technology development,\u0000with the ambition to guide the choice of measurement strategy based on various\u0000challenges related to different types of nanoparticle samples and associated\u0000analytical demands.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andreas Salomon, Johannes Aberl, Lada Vukušić, Enrique Prado-Navarrete, Jacqueline Marböck, Diego-Haya Enriquez, Jeffrey Schuster, Kari Martinez, Heiko Groiss, Thomas Fromherz, Moritz Brehm
The lack of straightforward epitaxial integration of useful telecom lasers on silicon remains the major bottleneck for bringing optical interconnect technology down to the on-chip level. Crystalline silicon itself, an indirect semiconductor, is a poor light emitter. Here, we identify conceptionally simple Si/Si$_{1-x}$Ge$_x$/Si double heterostructures (DHS) with large Ge content ($x gtrsim 0.4$) as auspicious gain material suitable for Si-based integrated optics. In particular, using self-consistent Poisson-current transport calculations, we show that Si diodes containing a 16 nm thick Si$_{1-x}$Ge$_x$ layer of high crystalline quality, centered at the p-n junction, results in efficient carrier accumulation in the DHS and gain if the diode is driven in forward direction. Despite the high strain, we unambiguously demonstrate that such prior unattainable defect-free DHS can be fabricated using ultra-low temperature epitaxy at pristine growth pressures. Telecom light emission is persistent up to 360 K, and directly linked to a ~160 meV high conduction band barrier for minority electron injection. This epitaxy approach allows further increasing the Ge content in the DHS and creating dot-in-well heterostructures for which even higher gains are predicted. Thus, the surprisingly facile DHS presented here can be an essential step toward novel classes of group-IV optoelectronic devices for silicon photonics.
在硅片上无法直接外延集成有用的电信激光器，仍然是将光互连技术应用到芯片级的主要瓶颈。晶体硅本身是一种间接半导体，发光性能很差。在这里，我们发现概念上简单的硅/硅$_{1-x}$Ge$_x$/硅双异质结构（DHS）具有较大的 Ge 含量（$xgtrsim 0.4$），是适合硅基集成光学的吉祥增益材料。利用自洽泊松电流输运计算，我们特别发现，以 p-n 结为中心、含有 16 nm 厚、结晶质量高的 Si$_{1-x}$Ge$_x$ 层的硅二极管，在二极管向下驱动时，会导致 DHS 中载流子积累和增益效率低下。尽管存在高应变，我们还是明确地证明，这种以前无法实现的无缺陷 DHS 可以在原始生长压力下利用超低温外延技术制造出来。电信光发射可持续到 360 K，并与用于少数电子注入的 ~160 meV 高传导带垒直接相关。通过这种外延方法，可以进一步提高 DHS 中的 Ge 含量，并制造出点-阱异质结构，从而获得更高的增益。因此，这里介绍的令人惊讶的简易 DHS 可以成为硅光子学新型 IV 族光电器件的重要一步。
{"title":"A group-IV double heterostructure light emitting diode for room temperature gain in Silicon","authors":"Andreas Salomon, Johannes Aberl, Lada Vukušić, Enrique Prado-Navarrete, Jacqueline Marböck, Diego-Haya Enriquez, Jeffrey Schuster, Kari Martinez, Heiko Groiss, Thomas Fromherz, Moritz Brehm","doi":"arxiv-2409.11081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.11081","url":null,"abstract":"The lack of straightforward epitaxial integration of useful telecom lasers on\u0000silicon remains the major bottleneck for bringing optical interconnect\u0000technology down to the on-chip level. Crystalline silicon itself, an indirect\u0000semiconductor, is a poor light emitter. Here, we identify conceptionally simple\u0000Si/Si$_{1-x}$Ge$_x$/Si double heterostructures (DHS) with large Ge content ($x\u0000gtrsim 0.4$) as auspicious gain material suitable for Si-based integrated\u0000optics. In particular, using self-consistent Poisson-current transport\u0000calculations, we show that Si diodes containing a 16 nm thick Si$_{1-x}$Ge$_x$\u0000layer of high crystalline quality, centered at the p-n junction, results in\u0000efficient carrier accumulation in the DHS and gain if the diode is driven in\u0000forward direction. Despite the high strain, we unambiguously demonstrate that\u0000such prior unattainable defect-free DHS can be fabricated using ultra-low\u0000temperature epitaxy at pristine growth pressures. Telecom light emission is\u0000persistent up to 360 K, and directly linked to a ~160 meV high conduction band\u0000barrier for minority electron injection. This epitaxy approach allows further\u0000increasing the Ge content in the DHS and creating dot-in-well heterostructures\u0000for which even higher gains are predicted. Thus, the surprisingly facile DHS\u0000presented here can be an essential step toward novel classes of group-IV\u0000optoelectronic devices for silicon photonics.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We discusses the electromagnetic scattering and radiation problems of multilayered spheres, reviewing the historical expansion of the Lorentz-Mie theory and the numerical stability issues encountered in handling multilayered spheres. By combining recursive methods with the transfer matrix method, we propose a modified transfer matrix algorithm designed for the stable and efficient calculation of electromagnetic scattering coefficients of multilayered spheres. The new algorithm simplifies the recursive formulas by introducing Debye potentials and logarithmic derivatives, effectively avoiding numerical overflow issues associated with Bessel functions under large complex variables. Numerical test results demonstrate that this algorithm offers superior stability and applicability when dealing with complex cases such as thin shells and strongly absorbing media.
{"title":"A modified recursive transfer matrix algorithm for radiation and scattering computation of multilayer spheres","authors":"Jianing Zhang","doi":"arxiv-2409.10877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.10877","url":null,"abstract":"We discusses the electromagnetic scattering and radiation problems of\u0000multilayered spheres, reviewing the historical expansion of the Lorentz-Mie\u0000theory and the numerical stability issues encountered in handling multilayered\u0000spheres. By combining recursive methods with the transfer matrix method, we\u0000propose a modified transfer matrix algorithm designed for the stable and\u0000efficient calculation of electromagnetic scattering coefficients of\u0000multilayered spheres. The new algorithm simplifies the recursive formulas by\u0000introducing Debye potentials and logarithmic derivatives, effectively avoiding\u0000numerical overflow issues associated with Bessel functions under large complex\u0000variables. Numerical test results demonstrate that this algorithm offers\u0000superior stability and applicability when dealing with complex cases such as\u0000thin shells and strongly absorbing media.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"202 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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