Francesco V. Pepe, Francesco Di Lena, Augusto Garuccio, Davide Giannella, Alessandro Lupo, Gianlorenzo Massaro, Alessio Scagliola, Francesco Scattarella, Sergii Vasiukov, Milena D'Angelo
We present novel methods to perform plenoptic imaging at the diffraction limit by measuring intensity correlations of light. The first method is oriented towards plenoptic microscopy, a promising technique which allows refocusing and depth-of-field enhancement, in post-processing, as well as scanning free 3D imaging. To overcome the limitations of standard plenoptic microscopes, we propose an adaptation of Correlation Plenoptic Imaging (CPI) to the working conditions of microscopy. We consider and compare different architectures of CPI microscopes, and discuss the improved robustness with respect to previous protocols against turbulence around the sample. The second method is based on measuring correlations between the images of two reference planes, arbitrarily chosen within the tridimensional scene of interest, providing an unprecedented combination of image resolution and depth of field. The results lead the way towards the realization of compact designs for CPI devices.
{"title":"Plenoptic microscopy and photography from intensity correlations","authors":"Francesco V. Pepe, Francesco Di Lena, Augusto Garuccio, Davide Giannella, Alessandro Lupo, Gianlorenzo Massaro, Alessio Scagliola, Francesco Scattarella, Sergii Vasiukov, Milena D'Angelo","doi":"arxiv-2409.09456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.09456","url":null,"abstract":"We present novel methods to perform plenoptic imaging at the diffraction\u0000limit by measuring intensity correlations of light. The first method is\u0000oriented towards plenoptic microscopy, a promising technique which allows\u0000refocusing and depth-of-field enhancement, in post-processing, as well as\u0000scanning free 3D imaging. To overcome the limitations of standard plenoptic\u0000microscopes, we propose an adaptation of Correlation Plenoptic Imaging (CPI) to\u0000the working conditions of microscopy. We consider and compare different\u0000architectures of CPI microscopes, and discuss the improved robustness with\u0000respect to previous protocols against turbulence around the sample. The second\u0000method is based on measuring correlations between the images of two reference\u0000planes, arbitrarily chosen within the tridimensional scene of interest,\u0000providing an unprecedented combination of image resolution and depth of field.\u0000The results lead the way towards the realization of compact designs for CPI\u0000devices.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"202 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Romain Dubroeucq, Dominik Charczun, Piotr Masłowski, Lucile Rutkowski
We present a novel approach to cavity ring-down spectroscopy utilizing an optical frequency comb as the direct probe of the Fabry-Perot cavity, coupled with a time-resolved Fourier transform spectrometer for parallel retrieval of ring-down events. Our method achieves high spectral resolution over a broad range, enabling precision measurements of cavity losses and absorption lineshapes with enhanced sensitivity. A critical advancement involves a stabilization technique ensuring complete extinction of comb light without compromising cavity stabilization. We demonstrate the capabilities of our system through precision spectroscopy of carbon monoxide rovibrational transitions perturbed by argon.
{"title":"Direct frequency comb cavity ring-down spectroscopy: Enhancing Sensitivity and Precision","authors":"Romain Dubroeucq, Dominik Charczun, Piotr Masłowski, Lucile Rutkowski","doi":"arxiv-2409.09531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.09531","url":null,"abstract":"We present a novel approach to cavity ring-down spectroscopy utilizing an\u0000optical frequency comb as the direct probe of the Fabry-Perot cavity, coupled\u0000with a time-resolved Fourier transform spectrometer for parallel retrieval of\u0000ring-down events. Our method achieves high spectral resolution over a broad\u0000range, enabling precision measurements of cavity losses and absorption\u0000lineshapes with enhanced sensitivity. A critical advancement involves a\u0000stabilization technique ensuring complete extinction of comb light without\u0000compromising cavity stabilization. We demonstrate the capabilities of our\u0000system through precision spectroscopy of carbon monoxide rovibrational\u0000transitions perturbed by argon.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gianlorenzo Massaro, Francesco Di Lena, Augusto Garuccio, Francesco V. Pepe, Milena D'Angelo
CPI is a novel imaging modality capable of addressing the intrinsic limitations of conventional plenoptic imaging - namely, the resolution loss and the sacrificed change of perspective, - while guaranteeing the typical advantages of plenotpic imaging: 3D imaging, refocusing of acquired pictures, in post-processing, and depth of field extension. In this work, we review a recently developed CPI scheme, named correlation plenoptic imaging between arbitrary planes, and derive the algorithm for image refocusing.
{"title":"Innovative schemes for Correlation Plenoptic Imaging","authors":"Gianlorenzo Massaro, Francesco Di Lena, Augusto Garuccio, Francesco V. Pepe, Milena D'Angelo","doi":"arxiv-2409.09459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.09459","url":null,"abstract":"CPI is a novel imaging modality capable of addressing the intrinsic\u0000limitations of conventional plenoptic imaging - namely, the resolution loss and\u0000the sacrificed change of perspective, - while guaranteeing the typical\u0000advantages of plenotpic imaging: 3D imaging, refocusing of acquired pictures,\u0000in post-processing, and depth of field extension. In this work, we review a\u0000recently developed CPI scheme, named correlation plenoptic imaging between\u0000arbitrary planes, and derive the algorithm for image refocusing.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alice Duque, Pedro Freire, Egor Manuylovich, Dmitrii Stoliarov, Jaroslaw Prilepsky, Sergei Turitsyn
This work tackles the critical challenge of mitigating "hardware noise" in deep analog neural networks, a major obstacle in advancing analog signal processing devices. We propose a comprehensive, hardware-agnostic solution to address both correlated and uncorrelated noise affecting the activation layers of deep neural models. The novelty of our approach lies in its ability to demystify the "black box" nature of noise-resilient networks by revealing the underlying mechanisms that reduce sensitivity to noise. In doing so, we introduce a new explainable regularization framework that harnesses these mechanisms to significantly enhance noise robustness in deep neural architectures.
{"title":"Improving Analog Neural Network Robustness: A Noise-Agnostic Approach with Explainable Regularizations","authors":"Alice Duque, Pedro Freire, Egor Manuylovich, Dmitrii Stoliarov, Jaroslaw Prilepsky, Sergei Turitsyn","doi":"arxiv-2409.08633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.08633","url":null,"abstract":"This work tackles the critical challenge of mitigating \"hardware noise\" in\u0000deep analog neural networks, a major obstacle in advancing analog signal\u0000processing devices. We propose a comprehensive, hardware-agnostic solution to\u0000address both correlated and uncorrelated noise affecting the activation layers\u0000of deep neural models. The novelty of our approach lies in its ability to\u0000demystify the \"black box\" nature of noise-resilient networks by revealing the\u0000underlying mechanisms that reduce sensitivity to noise. In doing so, we\u0000introduce a new explainable regularization framework that harnesses these\u0000mechanisms to significantly enhance noise robustness in deep neural\u0000architectures.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinyan Zhang, Xingshuo Cui, Tong Cai, Weiqi Cai, Tony Low, Hongsheng Chen, Xiao Lin
The Brewster effect, dating back to the pioneering work of Sir David Brewster in 1815, offers a crucial route to achieve 100% energy conversion between the incident and transmitted propagating waves at an optical interface and is of fundamental importance to many practical applications, such as polarization filtering, beam steering, and optical broadband angular selectivity. However, whether the Brewster effect of surface waves can be implemented without the involvement of negative-permittivity or negative-permeability materials remains elusive. This is due to the formidable challenge to fully suppress both the parasitic scattering into propagating waves and the reflection into surface waves under the incidence of surface waves. Here, we reveal a feasible route to achieve scattering-free plasmonic Brewster effect via isotropic metasurfaces, along with the usage of positive-permittivity and positive-permeability metamaterials with both anisotropic and magnetic responses. In essence, the anisotropic response of metamaterials is judiciously designed to fully suppress the parasitic scattering into propagating waves, while the magnetic response of metamaterials facilitates the full suppression of the reflection into surface waves supported by metasurfaces. Moreover, we find that this plasmonic Brewster effect via metasurfaces can be further engineered to occur for arbitrary incident angles, giving rise to the exotic phenomenon of all-angle scattering-free plasmonic Brewster effect.
{"title":"Scattering-free plasmonic Brewster effect via metasurfaces","authors":"Xinyan Zhang, Xingshuo Cui, Tong Cai, Weiqi Cai, Tony Low, Hongsheng Chen, Xiao Lin","doi":"arxiv-2409.08455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.08455","url":null,"abstract":"The Brewster effect, dating back to the pioneering work of Sir David Brewster\u0000in 1815, offers a crucial route to achieve 100% energy conversion between the\u0000incident and transmitted propagating waves at an optical interface and is of\u0000fundamental importance to many practical applications, such as polarization\u0000filtering, beam steering, and optical broadband angular selectivity. However,\u0000whether the Brewster effect of surface waves can be implemented without the\u0000involvement of negative-permittivity or negative-permeability materials remains\u0000elusive. This is due to the formidable challenge to fully suppress both the\u0000parasitic scattering into propagating waves and the reflection into surface\u0000waves under the incidence of surface waves. Here, we reveal a feasible route to\u0000achieve scattering-free plasmonic Brewster effect via isotropic metasurfaces,\u0000along with the usage of positive-permittivity and positive-permeability\u0000metamaterials with both anisotropic and magnetic responses. In essence, the\u0000anisotropic response of metamaterials is judiciously designed to fully suppress\u0000the parasitic scattering into propagating waves, while the magnetic response of\u0000metamaterials facilitates the full suppression of the reflection into surface\u0000waves supported by metasurfaces. Moreover, we find that this plasmonic Brewster\u0000effect via metasurfaces can be further engineered to occur for arbitrary\u0000incident angles, giving rise to the exotic phenomenon of all-angle\u0000scattering-free plasmonic Brewster effect.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ricardo E. da Silva, Jonas H. Osório, Frédéric Gérôme, Fetah Benabid, David J. Webb, Marcos A. R. Franco, Cristiano M. B. Cordeiro
An all-fiber dual Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on an acoustically modulated hollow-core fiber (HCF) is experimentally demonstrated for the first time. By attaching an acoustic driver in between the fixed ends of an HCF, we fabricated two acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) with distinct driver positions, allowing for synchronizing two in-line MZIs inside the HCF. The first MZI is set by two acoustic long-period gratings separated by a second MZI formed at the fiber and driver attaching region. We show that this setup enables frequency-tuning of the coupling between the fundamental and higher-order modes in the HCF. Additionally, we simulate and analyze the HCF modal couplings and MZIs' modulated spectra under distinct device parameters using the transfer matrix method. The new AOM-MZI enables tuning of the MZIs free spectral range by adjusting 1 Hz of the electrical frequency, which is promising to modulate multiwavelength filters, sensors and fiber lasers.
{"title":"Widely tunable dual acousto-optic interferometric device based on a hollow core fiber","authors":"Ricardo E. da Silva, Jonas H. Osório, Frédéric Gérôme, Fetah Benabid, David J. Webb, Marcos A. R. Franco, Cristiano M. B. Cordeiro","doi":"arxiv-2409.09148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.09148","url":null,"abstract":"An all-fiber dual Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on an acoustically\u0000modulated hollow-core fiber (HCF) is experimentally demonstrated for the first\u0000time. By attaching an acoustic driver in between the fixed ends of an HCF, we\u0000fabricated two acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) with distinct driver positions,\u0000allowing for synchronizing two in-line MZIs inside the HCF. The first MZI is\u0000set by two acoustic long-period gratings separated by a second MZI formed at\u0000the fiber and driver attaching region. We show that this setup enables\u0000frequency-tuning of the coupling between the fundamental and higher-order modes\u0000in the HCF. Additionally, we simulate and analyze the HCF modal couplings and\u0000MZIs' modulated spectra under distinct device parameters using the transfer\u0000matrix method. The new AOM-MZI enables tuning of the MZIs free spectral range\u0000by adjusting 1 Hz of the electrical frequency, which is promising to modulate\u0000multiwavelength filters, sensors and fiber lasers.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. D. Munoz-Bolanos, P. Rajaeipour, K. Kummer, M. Kress, C. Ataman, M. Ritsch-Marte, A. Jesacher
Confocal Raman microscopy, a highly specific and label-free technique for the microscale study of thick samples, often presents difficulties due to weak Raman signals. Inhomogeneous samples introduce wavefront aberrations that further reduce these signals, requiring even longer acquisition times. In this study, we introduce adaptive optics to confocal Raman microscopy for the first time to counteract such aberrations, significantly increasing the Raman signal and image quality. The method is designed to integrate seamlessly with existing commercial microscopes without hardware modifications. It uses a wavefront sensorless approach to derive aberrations using an optofluidic, transmissive spatial light modulator that can be attached to the microscope nosepiece. Our experimental results demonstrate the compensation of aberrations caused by artificial scatterers and mouse brain tissue, improving spatial resolution and achieving up to 3.5-fold signal enhancements. Our results provide a basis for the molecular label-free study of biological systems at greater imaging depths.
{"title":"Confocal Raman Microscopy with Adaptive Optics","authors":"J. D. Munoz-Bolanos, P. Rajaeipour, K. Kummer, M. Kress, C. Ataman, M. Ritsch-Marte, A. Jesacher","doi":"arxiv-2409.08725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.08725","url":null,"abstract":"Confocal Raman microscopy, a highly specific and label-free technique for the\u0000microscale study of thick samples, often presents difficulties due to weak\u0000Raman signals. Inhomogeneous samples introduce wavefront aberrations that\u0000further reduce these signals, requiring even longer acquisition times. In this\u0000study, we introduce adaptive optics to confocal Raman microscopy for the first\u0000time to counteract such aberrations, significantly increasing the Raman signal\u0000and image quality. The method is designed to integrate seamlessly with existing\u0000commercial microscopes without hardware modifications. It uses a wavefront\u0000sensorless approach to derive aberrations using an optofluidic, transmissive\u0000spatial light modulator that can be attached to the microscope nosepiece. Our\u0000experimental results demonstrate the compensation of aberrations caused by\u0000artificial scatterers and mouse brain tissue, improving spatial resolution and\u0000achieving up to 3.5-fold signal enhancements. Our results provide a basis for\u0000the molecular label-free study of biological systems at greater imaging depths.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful analytical method for not only the chemical identification of solid, liquid, and gas species, but also the quantification of their concentration. However, the chemical quantification capability of FTIR is significantly hindered when the analyte is surrounded by a strong IR absorbing medium, such as liquid solutions. To overcome this limit, here we develop an IR fiber microprobe that can be inserted into liquid medium, and obtain full FTIR spectra at points of interest. To benchmark this endoscopic FTIR method, we insert the microprobe into bulk water covering a ZnSe substrate and measure the IR transmittance of water as a function of the probe-substrate distance. The obtained vibrational modes, overall transmittance vs z profiles, quantitative absorption coefficients, and micro z-section IR transmittance spectra are all consistent with the standard IR absorption properties of water. The results pave the way for endoscopic chemical profiling inside bulk liquid solutions, promising for applications in many biological, chemical, and electrochemical systems.
傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）是一种功能强大的分析方法，不仅可用于固态、液态和气态物质的化学鉴定，还可用于其浓度的定量分析。然而，当分析物被液体溶液等强红外吸收介质包围时，傅立叶变换红外光谱的化学定量能力就会受到严重影响。为了克服这一限制，我们开发了一种红外纤维微探针，它可以插入液体介质中，并在感兴趣的点获得完整的傅立叶变换红外光谱。为了对这种内窥镜傅立叶变换红外方法进行基准测试，我们将微探针插入覆盖硒化锌基底的散装水中，并测量水的红外透射率与探针-基底距离的函数关系。所获得的振动模式、总体透射率与 Z 曲线、定量吸收系数以及微 Z 截面红外透射光谱均与水的标准红外吸收特性相一致。这些结果为在大量液体溶液中进行内窥镜化学分析铺平了道路，有望应用于许多生物、化学和电化学系统。
{"title":"Endoscopic Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy through a fiber microprobe","authors":"Jaehyeon Kim, Yue Tian, Guanhua Qiao, Julinna Abulencia Villarta, Fujia Zhao, Andrew He, Ruo-Jing Ho, Haoran Liu, Rohit Bhargava, Yingjie Zhang","doi":"arxiv-2409.09151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.09151","url":null,"abstract":"Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful analytical\u0000method for not only the chemical identification of solid, liquid, and gas\u0000species, but also the quantification of their concentration. However, the\u0000chemical quantification capability of FTIR is significantly hindered when the\u0000analyte is surrounded by a strong IR absorbing medium, such as liquid\u0000solutions. To overcome this limit, here we develop an IR fiber microprobe that\u0000can be inserted into liquid medium, and obtain full FTIR spectra at points of\u0000interest. To benchmark this endoscopic FTIR method, we insert the microprobe\u0000into bulk water covering a ZnSe substrate and measure the IR transmittance of\u0000water as a function of the probe-substrate distance. The obtained vibrational\u0000modes, overall transmittance vs z profiles, quantitative absorption\u0000coefficients, and micro z-section IR transmittance spectra are all consistent\u0000with the standard IR absorption properties of water. The results pave the way\u0000for endoscopic chemical profiling inside bulk liquid solutions, promising for\u0000applications in many biological, chemical, and electrochemical systems.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Tu, A. Restelli, T. -C. Tsui, K. Weber, I. B. Spielman, S. L. Rolston, J. V. Porto, S. Subhankar
The Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) technique is routinely used to stabilize the frequency of a laser to a reference cavity. The electronic sideband (ESB) locking scheme, a PDH variant, helps bridge the frequency difference between the quantized frequencies enforced by the cavity and the laser frequency of interest. Here we use quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), a technique used in digital signal communication, to engineer the high-quality phase-modulated radio-frequency (rf) signal required for ESB locking scheme. We develop a theoretical framework to analyze the effects of in-phase/quadrature-phase (I/Q) impairments on the ESB error signal for ultra-narrow linewidth lasers. We design and implement two baseband-sampling software-defined radio variants for implementing QAM that compensate for these I/Q impairments. Using these variants, we engineer high-quality phase-modulated radio-frequency (rf) signals with a large phase modulation index of 1.01 radians, a maximum modulation frequency of 3 MHz, a tunable carrier wave frequency range of 450 MHz to 4 GHz, and I/Q errors of less than 2.25 % over the entire carrier wave frequency range.
{"title":"Quadrature amplitude modulation for electronic sideband Pound-Drever-Hall locking","authors":"J. Tu, A. Restelli, T. -C. Tsui, K. Weber, I. B. Spielman, S. L. Rolston, J. V. Porto, S. Subhankar","doi":"arxiv-2409.08764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.08764","url":null,"abstract":"The Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) technique is routinely used to stabilize the\u0000frequency of a laser to a reference cavity. The electronic sideband (ESB)\u0000locking scheme, a PDH variant, helps bridge the frequency difference between\u0000the quantized frequencies enforced by the cavity and the laser frequency of\u0000interest. Here we use quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), a technique used\u0000in digital signal communication, to engineer the high-quality phase-modulated\u0000radio-frequency (rf) signal required for ESB locking scheme. We develop a\u0000theoretical framework to analyze the effects of in-phase/quadrature-phase (I/Q)\u0000impairments on the ESB error signal for ultra-narrow linewidth lasers. We\u0000design and implement two baseband-sampling software-defined radio variants for\u0000implementing QAM that compensate for these I/Q impairments. Using these\u0000variants, we engineer high-quality phase-modulated radio-frequency (rf) signals\u0000with a large phase modulation index of 1.01 radians, a maximum modulation\u0000frequency of 3 MHz, a tunable carrier wave frequency range of 450 MHz to 4 GHz,\u0000and I/Q errors of less than 2.25 % over the entire carrier wave frequency\u0000range.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lark E. Bradsby, Andrew A. Voitiv, Mark E. Siemens
We demonstrate two-step phase-shifting interferometry (holography) of complex laser modes generated by a spatial light modulator (SLM), in which the amplitude and phase of the signal are determined directly from measurements of phase-shifted interferograms. The reference and signal beams are generated and phase-controlled with a single composite hologram on the SLM and propagated collinearly. This requires no additional optics and leads to measurements that are more accurate and less prone to noise, which we demonstrate with collinearly-referenced measurements of various Laguerre-Gaussian modes and structured images.
{"title":"Two-step phase-shifting interferometry for phase-resolved imaging from a spatial light modulator","authors":"Lark E. Bradsby, Andrew A. Voitiv, Mark E. Siemens","doi":"arxiv-2409.08945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.08945","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate two-step phase-shifting interferometry (holography) of complex\u0000laser modes generated by a spatial light modulator (SLM), in which the\u0000amplitude and phase of the signal are determined directly from measurements of\u0000phase-shifted interferograms. The reference and signal beams are generated and\u0000phase-controlled with a single composite hologram on the SLM and propagated\u0000collinearly. This requires no additional optics and leads to measurements that\u0000are more accurate and less prone to noise, which we demonstrate with\u0000collinearly-referenced measurements of various Laguerre-Gaussian modes and\u0000structured images.","PeriodicalId":501214,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Optics","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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