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The lived experience of functional bowel disorders: a machine learning approach 功能性肠病的生活体验:一种机器学习方法
Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.24301624
James K Ruffle, Michelle Henderson, Cho Ee Ng, Trevor Liddle, Amy P. K. Nelson, Parashkev Nachev, Charles H Knowles, Yan Yiannakou
Objective: Functional bowel disorders (FBDs) are multi-dimensional diseases varying in demographics, symptomology, lifestyle, mental health, and susceptibility to treatment. The patient lived experience is an integration of these factors, best understood with appropriately multivariate models.Methods: In a large patient cohort (n=1175), we developed a machine learning framework to better understand the lived experience of FBDs. Iterating through 59 factors available from routine clinical care, spanning patient demography, diagnosis, symptomatology, life-impact, mental health indices, healthcare access requirements, COVID-19 impact, and treatment effectiveness, machine models were used to quantify the predictive fidelity of one feature from the remainder. Bayesian stochastic block models were used to delineate the network community structure underpinning the lived experience of FBDs.Results: Machine models quantified patient personal health rating (R2 0.35), anxiety and depression severity (R2 0.54), employment status (balanced accuracy 96%), frequency of healthcare attendance (R2 0.71), and patient-reported treatment effectiveness variably (R2 range 0.08-0.41). Contrary to the view of many healthcare professionals, the greatest determinants of patient-reported health and quality-of-life were life-impact, mental wellbeing, employment status, and age, rather than diagnostic group and symptom severity. Patients responsive to one treatment were more likely to respond to another, leaving many others refractory to all.Conclusions: The assessment of patients with FBDs should be less concerned with diagnostic classification than with the wider life impact of illness, including mental health and employment. The stratification of treatment response (and resistance) has implications for clinical practice and trial design, in need of further research.
目的:功能性肠病(FBD)是一种多维疾病,在人口统计学、症状学、生活方式、心理健康和对治疗的易感性等方面各不相同。患者的生活经历是这些因素的综合体,最好通过适当的多变量模型来理解:在一个大型患者队列(n=1175)中,我们开发了一个机器学习框架,以更好地了解 FBD 患者的生活经历。通过对患者人口统计学、诊断、症状学、生活影响、心理健康指数、医疗保健访问要求、COVID-19 影响和治疗效果等 59 个常规临床护理因素进行迭代,使用机器模型来量化一个特征与其余特征的预测保真度。贝叶斯随机区块模型被用来描述支持家庭边际障碍患者生活体验的网络社区结构:机器模型对患者个人健康评分(R2 0.35)、焦虑和抑郁严重程度(R2 0.54)、就业状况(平衡准确率 96%)、就医频率(R2 0.71)和患者报告的治疗效果进行了不同程度的量化(R2 范围为 0.08-0.41)。与许多医护人员的观点相反,患者报告的健康和生活质量的最大决定因素是生活影响、精神健康、就业状况和年龄,而不是诊断组别和症状严重程度。对一种治疗方法有反应的患者更有可能对另一种治疗方法有反应,而对所有治疗方法都难治的患者则为数众多:结论:对 FBD 患者进行评估时,应减少对诊断分类的关注,而更多地关注疾病对生活的影响,包括精神健康和就业。治疗反应(和耐药性)的分层对临床实践和试验设计有影响,需要进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic Associations Between Celiac Disease and Type 2 Inflammatory Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis 乳糜泻与 2 型炎症性疾病之间的遗传关联:孟德尔随机分析
Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.18.24301488
Mahmud Omar, Mohammad Omar, Saleh Nassar, Adi Lahat, Kassem Sharif
Background Celiac disease, a gluten-triggered autoimmune disorder, is known for its systemic inflammatory effects. Epidemiological data suggest an association with type 2 inflammatory diseases like asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis, however, genetic associations remain unclear, prompting this study to explore their potential genetic interplay.
背景 乳糜泻是一种由麸质引发的自身免疫性疾病,以其全身性炎症效应而闻名。流行病学数据表明,乳糜泻与哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和特应性皮炎等 2 型炎症性疾病有关联,但遗传关联仍不明确,这促使本研究探索其潜在的遗传相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Global research trends in postoperative ileus from 2011 to 2023: A Scientometric study 2011 至 2023 年术后回肠梗阻的全球研究趋势:科学计量学研究
Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.12.24301260
Yan Zhou, Zi-Han Yin, Ming-Sheng Sun, Yang-Yang Wang, Chen Yang, Shu-Hao Li, Fan-Rong Liang, Fang Liu
Objective To explore the current status, trends, and frontiers of POI research from 2011 to the present based on bibliometric analysis.
目的 基于文献计量分析,探讨 2011 年至今 POI 研究的现状、趋势和前沿。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Analysis of the Duodenojejunal Microbiome with the oral and fecal microbiome unveils its role in Human Severe Obesity. 十二指肠空肠微生物组与口腔和粪便微生物组的比较分析揭示了其在人类严重肥胖症中的作用。
Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.15.23299964
Emilie Steinbach, Eugeni Belda, Rohia Alili, Solia Adriouch, Jejunal Luminal and Colonic Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in Metabolic Diseases (Je/Col-MiMe) Group, Benoit Chassaing, Tiphaine Le Roy, Karine Clement
The intestinal microbiota is recognised as an important player in the development and maintenance of obesity. Most studies focus on faecal microbiota because of its accessibility. However, the small intestine is a major site for nutrient sensing and absorption and few studies have examined the composition and function of the microbiota in this segment of the digestive tract. We conducted a clinical research project on 30 age- and sex-matched participants with (N=15) and without (N=15) obesity. Duodenojejunal fluid was obtained by aspiration during fibroscopy. Phenotyping included clinical variables related to metabolic status, lifestyle and psychosocial factors using validated questionnaires. Metagenomic analyses of the oral, duodenojejunal and faecal microbiome, as well as metabolomic data from duodenojejunal fluid and faeces, were integrated with clinical and lifestyle data.The results show associations between duodenojejunal microbiota and lifestyle as well as clinical phenotypes. These associations had larger effect sizes than the associations between these variables and faecal microbiota. We also observed that the duodenojejunal microbiota of obese patients had a higher diversity. In addition, we observed differences in the abundance of several species of the duodenojejunal microbiota between control individuals and patients suffering from obesity. In conclusion, our results support the relevance of studying the role of the small intestinal microbiota in the development of metabolic diseases.
肠道微生物群被认为是肥胖发生和维持的重要因素。由于粪便微生物群易于获取,因此大多数研究都侧重于粪便微生物群。然而,小肠是营养物质感知和吸收的主要部位,很少有研究对这部分消化道中微生物群的组成和功能进行研究。我们对 30 名年龄和性别匹配的肥胖症患者(15 人)和非肥胖症患者(15 人)进行了临床研究。我们在纤维镜检查时抽取了十二指肠空肠液。表型分析包括与代谢状况、生活方式和社会心理因素有关的临床变量,采用的是经过验证的调查问卷。口腔、十二指肠和粪便微生物组的元基因组分析以及十二指肠液和粪便的代谢组数据与临床和生活方式数据进行了整合。结果显示十二指肠空肠微生物群与生活方式以及临床表型之间存在关联,这些关联的效应大小大于这些变量与粪便微生物群之间的关联。我们还观察到,肥胖患者十二指肠空肠微生物群的多样性更高。此外,我们还观察到,对照组和肥胖症患者的十二指肠空肠微生物群中多个物种的丰度存在差异。总之,我们的研究结果支持研究小肠微生物群在代谢性疾病发生中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring for 5-aminosalicylate toxicity: prognostic model development and validation. 监测 5-氨基水杨酸盐毒性:预后模型的开发与验证。
Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.15.23299944
Abhishek Abhishek, Georgina Nakafero, Matthew J Grainge, Tim Card, Maarten W Taal, Guruprasad Aithal, Christopher P Fox, Christain D Mallen, Stevenson D Matthew, Richard D Riley
Background and aim: To develop and validate a prognostic model for risk-stratified monitoring of 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA) toxicity. Methods: This nationwide retrospective cohort study used data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum and Gold for model development and validation respectively. It included adults newly diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and established on 5-ASAs between 01/01/2007 and 31/12/2019. 5-ASA discontinuation with abnormal monitoring blood test result was the outcome of interest. Patients prescribed 5-ASAs for ≥6 months i.e., established on treatment, were followed-up for up to five years. Penalised Cox-regression was used to develop the risk equation. Model performance was assessed in terms of calibration and discrimination. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA (StataCorp LLC). Results: 14,109 and 7,523 participants formed the development and validation cohorts with 401 and 243 events respectively. 185, 172, and 64 discontinuations were due to cytopenia, elevated creatinine and elevated liver enzymes respectively in the derivation cohort. Hazardous alcohol intake, chronic kidney disease, thiopurine use, and blood test abnormalities before follow-up were strong prognostic factors. The optimism adjusted R2D in development data was 0.08. The calibration slope and Royston D statistic (95% Confidence Interval) in validation cohort were 0.90 (0.61-1.19) and 0.57 (0.37-0.77) respectively. Conclusion: This prognostic model utilises information available during routine clinical care and can be used to inform decisions on the interval between monitoring blood-tests. The results of this study ought to be considered by guideline writing groups to risk-stratify blood test monitoring during established 5-ASA treatment.
背景和目的:开发并验证用于风险分级监测 5- 氨基水杨酸盐(5-ASA)毒性的预后模型。方法这项全国性的回顾性队列研究使用了临床实践研究数据链(CPRD)Aurum 和 Gold 的数据,分别用于模型的开发和验证。研究对象包括2007年1月1日至2019年12月31日期间新诊断为炎症性肠病(IBD)并服用5-ASA的成人。停用 5-ASA 并伴有监测血液检测结果异常是研究的主要结果。对服用5-ASA≥6个月的患者(即确定接受治疗的患者)进行长达5年的随访。采用惩罚性 Cox 回归建立风险方程。根据校准和区分度对模型性能进行评估。使用 STATA (StataCorp LLC) 进行统计分析。结果开发组和验证组分别有 14109 和 7523 名参与者,分别发生了 401 和 243 起事件。在衍生队列中,分别有 185 人、172 人和 64 人因细胞减少症、肌酐升高和肝酶升高而中止治疗。有害酒精摄入、慢性肾病、硫嘌呤的使用以及随访前血液检测异常都是强有力的预后因素。开发数据的乐观调整 R2D 为 0.08。验证队列中的校准斜率和罗伊斯顿 D 统计量(95% 置信区间)分别为 0.90 (0.61-1.19) 和 0.57 (0.37-0.77)。结论该预后模型利用了常规临床护理过程中可获得的信息,可用于为监测血液检测间隔时间的决策提供依据。指南编写小组应考虑本研究的结果,以便在既定的 5-ASA 治疗期间对血液检测监测进行风险分级。
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引用次数: 0
Strain-level characterization of health-associated bacterial consortia that colonize the human gut during infancy 婴幼儿时期人类肠道定植的健康相关细菌群的菌株特征
Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.16.23300077
Samuel S. Minot, Koshlan Mayer-Blackwell, Andrew Fiore-Gartland, Andrew Johnson, Steven Self, Parveen Bhatti, Lena Yao, Lili Liu, Xin Sun, Yi Jinfa, James Kublin
Background The human gut microbiome develops rapidly during infancy, a key window of development coinciding with maturation of the adaptive immune system. However, little is known of the microbiome growth dynamics over the first few months of life and whether there are any generalizable patterns across human populations. We performed metagenomic sequencing on stool samples (n=94) from a cohort of infants (n=15) at monthly intervals in the first six months of life, augmenting our dataset with seven published studies for a total of 4,441 metagenomes from 1,162 infants.
背景 人类肠道微生物群在婴儿期迅速发展,这是一个与适应性免疫系统成熟相吻合的关键发育窗口期。然而,人们对婴儿出生后头几个月的微生物群生长动态以及人类群体中是否存在任何可推广的模式知之甚少。我们对一组婴儿(15 人)的粪便样本(94 份)进行了元基因组测序,这些样本在出生后的头六个月中每月采集一次,我们的数据集得到了七项已发表研究的补充,共有来自 1162 名婴儿的 4,441 个元基因组。
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引用次数: 0
Gut microbial and human genetic signatures of inflammatory bowel disease increase risk of comorbid mental disorders 炎症性肠病的肠道微生物和人类基因特征会增加合并精神障碍的风险
Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.23299882
Junho Lee, Shin Ju Oh, Eunji Ha, Ga Young Shin, Hyo Jong Kim, Kwangwoo Kim, Chang Kyun Lee
The high prevalence of comorbid mental disorders (CMDs), such as anxiety and depression, in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is well documented. The reported bidirectional relationship between the two conditions suggests a crucial role of a gut-brain axis in CMD development in patients with IBD. This study aimed to investigate a complex interplay between gut microbiota and host genetic variants relevant to the development of CMDs in IBD. Genome-wide variant data, gut metagenomic data, and/or anxiety/depression estimates were obtained from 507 patients with IBD and 75 healthy controls. A series of integrative analyses were performed, profiling gut microbial diversity, microbial abundance, polygenic risk score, microbial quantitative trait locus (mbQTL), and microbial IBD-risk score. Patients with IBD had significantly lower gut microbial alpha diversity than controls, particularly those with CMD. Beta diversity revealed that a large fraction of IBD-associated taxa contributing to the top principal component were potentially associated with CMD risk. We identified 146 significantly differentially abundant taxa (DATs) between IBD patients and controls, and 48 DATs between CMD-free and CMD-affected IBD patients, with the majority showing consistent changes in abundance between IBD and CMD. Microbial IBD-risk scores, developed to estimate the degree of microbial IBD-specific burden in each individual, supported a significant enrichment of IBD-risk signatures in CMD-affected patients. Additionally, we found an IBD-risk mbQTL for an IBD/CMD-associated DAT, implicating an interplay between IBD-risk variants and gut dysbiosis in the development of both IBD and CMD. Collectively, IBD-associated gut dysbiosis predominantly confers risk of CMD in IBD patients partially through genetic variant-mediated regulation.
炎症性肠病(IBD)患者合并精神障碍(CMD)(如焦虑和抑郁)的发病率很高,这一点有据可查。据报道,这两种疾病之间的双向关系表明,肠道-大脑轴在 IBD 患者的 CMD 发展过程中起着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在调查肠道微生物群与宿主基因变异之间与 IBD CMD 发展相关的复杂相互作用。研究人员从 507 名 IBD 患者和 75 名健康对照者那里获得了全基因组变异数据、肠道元基因组数据和/或焦虑/抑郁估计值。研究人员对肠道微生物多样性、微生物丰度、多基因风险评分、微生物定量性状位点(mbQTL)和微生物 IBD 风险评分进行了一系列综合分析。IBD患者的肠道微生物α多样性明显低于对照组,尤其是患有CMD的患者。贝塔多样性显示,与 IBD 相关的分类群中有很大一部分贡献于顶层主成分,可能与 CMD 风险有关。我们在 IBD 患者和对照组之间发现了 146 个具有明显丰度差异的分类群(DATs),在未患 CMD 的 IBD 患者和受 CMD 影响的 IBD 患者之间发现了 48 个具有明显丰度差异的分类群(DATs),其中大多数分类群在 IBD 和 CMD 之间表现出一致的丰度变化。微生物 IBD 风险评分是为了估计每个人的微生物 IBD 特异性负担程度而制定的,它支持受 CMD 影响的患者中 IBD 风险特征的显著富集。此外,我们还发现了一个与 IBD/CMD 相关的 DAT 的 IBD 风险 mbQTL,这意味着 IBD 风险变异和肠道菌群失调在 IBD 和 CMD 的发病过程中相互作用。总之,IBD 相关的肠道菌群失调主要是通过基因变异介导的调控,部分地赋予了 IBD 患者患 CMD 的风险。
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引用次数: 0
A plasma peptidomic signature reveals extracellular matrix remodeling and predicts prognosis in alcohol-related hepatitis 血浆肽组特征揭示细胞外基质重塑并预测酒精相关肝炎的预后
Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.23299905
Khaled Sayed, Christine E. Dolin, Daniel W. Wilkey, Jiang Li, Toshifumi Sato, Juliane I Beier, Josepmaria Argemi, Ramon Bataller, Abdus S Wahed, Michael L Merchant, Panayiotis V Benos, Gavin E Arteel
Alcohol-related hepatitis (AH) is plagued with high mortality and difficulty in identifying at-risk patients. The extracellular matrix undergoes significant remodeling during inflammatory liver injury that can be detected in biological fluids and potentially used for mortality prediction. EDTA plasma samples were collected from AH patients (n= 62); Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score defined AH severity as moderate (12-20; n=28) and severe (>20; n=34). The peptidome data was collected by high resolution, high mass accuracy UPLC-MS. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified differentially abundant peptides, which were used for Gene Ontology, parent protein matrisomal composition and protease involvement. Machine learning methods were used on patient-specific peptidome and clinical data to develop mortality predictors. Analysis of plasma peptides from AH patients and healthy controls identified over 1,600 significant peptide features corresponding to 130 proteins. These were enriched for ECM fragments in AH samples, likely related to turnover of hepatic-derived proteins. Analysis of moderate versus severe AH peptidomes showed a shift in abundance of peptides from collagen 1A1 and fibrinogen A proteins. The dominant proteases for the AH peptidome spectrum appear to be CAPN1 and MMP12. Increase in hepatic expression of these proteases was orthogonally-validated in RNA-seq data of livers from AH patients. Causal graphical modeling identified four peptides directly linked to 90-day mortality in >90% of the learned graphs. These peptides improved the accuracy of mortality prediction over MELD score and were used to create a clinically applicable mortality prediction assay. A signature based on plasma peptidome is a novel, non-invasive method for prognosis stratification in AH patients. Our results could also lead to new mechanistic and/or surrogate biomarkers to identify new AH mechanisms.
酒精相关肝炎(AH)的死亡率很高,而且难以识别高危患者。细胞外基质在肝脏炎症损伤过程中会发生显著重塑,这种重塑可在生物液体中检测到,并有可能用于预测死亡率。从AH患者(62人)中采集了EDTA血浆样本;终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分将AH严重程度定义为中度(12-20分;28人)和重度(20分;34人)。肽组数据由高分辨率、高质量精度的UPLC-MS收集。单变量和多变量分析确定了差异丰富的肽段,这些肽段用于基因本体、母体蛋白矩阵组成和蛋白酶参与。在患者特异性肽组和临床数据上使用了机器学习方法来开发死亡率预测指标。对AH患者和健康对照者的血浆肽进行分析,发现了与130种蛋白质相对应的1600多个重要肽特征。在 AH 样本中,这些肽段富含 ECM 片段,这可能与肝源性蛋白质的周转有关。对中度和重度 AH 肽组的分析表明,来自胶原 1A1 和纤维蛋白原 A 蛋白的肽的丰度发生了变化。在 AH 肽组谱中占主导地位的蛋白酶似乎是 CAPN1 和 MMP12。AH患者肝脏RNA-seq数据正交验证了这些蛋白酶在肝脏表达的增加。在90%的学习图谱中,因果图谱建模确定了与90天死亡率直接相关的四种肽。与 MELD 评分相比,这些肽提高了死亡率预测的准确性,并被用于创建临床适用的死亡率预测分析。基于血浆肽组的特征是对AH患者进行预后分层的一种新颖、无创的方法。我们的研究结果还可能带来新的机制和/或替代生物标志物,以确定新的AH机制。
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引用次数: 0
Tumor size>5cm is a line of demarcation of mortality and progression of gastric cancer after D2+gastrectomy for Chinese population 肿瘤大小>5 厘米是中国人群胃癌 D2+ 胃切除术后死亡率和进展的分界线
Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.10.23299776
Yifan Li, Haoliang Zhao, Yinan Shi, Ruirui Yang
Methods: Gastric cancer between May 2002 and December 2020 and who had undergone resection of the primary cancer. We analyzed these patients to study the association between survival and tumor size by Cox proportional hazards model and restricted cubic splines.Results:A total of 1708 patients met the inclusion criteria, with a median age of 58 years. The distribution of tumor size was correlated with patients underwent different D2+ gastrectomy(P<0.001) and located different tumor site(P=0.002). The size of the patient's tumor is closely related to the patient's prognosis, as well as the overall survival of patients experienced proximal gastrectomy(P for trend= 0.002) and progression free survival of distal(P for trend= 0.03) and total gastrectomy(P for trend= 0.016) in fully adjusted model. Likewise, tumor size displayed its prognostic predictability in subgroup of upper 1/3, but only for overall survival in final model(P for trend= 0.045). Nonlinear relationship of different tumor size and D2+ gastrectomy or tumor site showed in restricted cubic splines, >5cm showed a significant impact in each group, but not for proximal gastrectomy(P for nonlinear=0.305). Overall survival and progression decreased progressively along with upgrading of tumor size accordingly.ConclusionsTumor size>5cm can be seen as a line of demarcation of mortality and progression of gastric cancer after D2+gastrectomy, the hazard ratio began to rise when tumor size large than 5cm.
方法:2002 年 5 月至 2020 年 12 月期间患胃癌且已切除原发癌的患者。结果:共有 1708 例患者符合纳入标准,中位年龄为 58 岁。肿瘤大小的分布与患者接受不同的D2+胃切除术(P<0.001)和位于不同的肿瘤部位(P=0.002)相关。肿瘤大小与患者的预后密切相关,在完全调整模型中,近端胃切除术患者的总生存率(P趋势=0.002)、远端胃切除术患者的无进展生存率(P趋势=0.03)和全胃切除术患者的无进展生存率(P趋势=0.016)也与肿瘤大小密切相关。同样,肿瘤大小对上 1/3 亚组也有预后预测作用,但在最终模型中仅对总生存率有预测作用(趋势值= 0.045)。不同肿瘤大小与 D2+ 胃切除术或肿瘤部位的非线性关系在限制性立方样条中显示,5 厘米对各组均有显著影响,但对近端胃切除术无显著影响(非线性 P=0.305)。结论肿瘤大小>5cm可视为D2+胃切除术后胃癌死亡率和进展的分界线,当肿瘤大于5cm时,危险比开始上升。
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引用次数: 0
From Text to Tables: A Local Privacy Preserving Large Language Model for Structured Information Retrieval from Medical Documents 从文本到表格:从医学文档中进行结构化信息检索的本地隐私保护大语言模型
Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.07.23299648
Isabella Catharina Wiest, Dyke Ferber, Jiefu Zhu, Marko Van Treeck, Sonja Katharina Meyer, Radhika Juglan, Zunamys I. Carrero, Daniel Paech, Jens Kleesiek, Matthias P. Ebert, Daniel Truhn, Jakob Nikolas Kather
Background and AimsMost clinical information is encoded as text, but extracting quantitative information from text is challenging. Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for natural language processing and can parse clinical text. However, many LLMs including ChatGPT reside in remote data centers, which disqualifies them from processing personal healthcare data. We present an open-source pipeline using the local LLM 'Llama 2' for extracting quantitative information from clinical text and evaluate its use to detect clinical features of decompensated liver cirrhosis.MethodsWe tasked the LLM to identify five key clinical features of decompensated liver cirrhosis in a zero- and one-shot way without any model training. Our specific objective was to identify abdominal pain, shortness of breath, confusion, liver cirrhosis, and ascites from 500 patient medical histories from the MIMIC IV dataset. We compared LLMs with three different sizes and a variety of pre-specified prompt engineering approaches. Model predictions were compared against the ground truth provided by the consent of three blinded medical experts. ResultsOur open-source pipeline yielded in highly accurate extraction of quantitative features from medical free text. Clinical features which were explicitly mentioned in the source text, such as liver cirrhosis and ascites, were detected with a sensitivity of 100% and 95% and a specificity of 96% and 95%, respectively from the 70 billion parameter model. Other clinical features, which are often paraphrased in a variety of ways, such as the presence of confusion, were detected only with a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 94%. Abdominal pain was detected with a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 97%. Shortness of breath was detected with a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 96%. The larger version of Llama 2 with 70b parameters outperformed the smaller version with 7b parameters in all tasks. Prompt engineering improved zero-shot performance, particularly for smaller model sizes.ConclusionOur study successfully demonstrates the capability of using locally deployed LLMs to extract clinical information from free text. The hardware requirements are so low that not only on-premise, but also point-of-care deployment of LLMs are possible.
背景和目的大多数临床信息都是以文本形式编码的,但从文本中提取定量信息是一项挑战。大型语言模型(LLM)已成为自然语言处理的强大工具,可以解析临床文本。然而,包括 ChatGPT 在内的许多 LLM 都位于远程数据中心,这使它们无法处理个人医疗数据。我们利用本地 LLM "Llama 2 "提出了一个开源管道,用于从临床文本中提取定量信息,并评估了它在检测肝硬化失代偿期临床特征方面的应用。我们的具体目标是从 MIMIC IV 数据集中的 500 份患者病历中识别出腹痛、呼吸急促、意识模糊、肝硬化和腹水。我们比较了三种不同大小的 LLM 和各种预先指定的提示工程方法。模型预测与三位盲人医学专家同意提供的基本事实进行了比较。结果我们的开源管道从医学自由文本中高度准确地提取了定量特征。源文本中明确提到的临床特征,如肝硬化和腹水,在 700 亿参数模型中的检测灵敏度分别为 100%和 95%,特异度分别为 96%和 95%。而其他临床特征(通常以各种方式转述),如是否存在意识模糊,仅以 76% 的灵敏度和 94% 的特异度被检测出来。腹痛的检测灵敏度为 84%,特异性为 97%。检测到呼吸急促的灵敏度为 87%,特异度为 96%。在所有任务中,采用 70b 参数的较大版本 Llama 2 均优于采用 7b 参数的较小版本。我们的研究成功证明了使用本地部署的 LLM 从自由文本中提取临床信息的能力。对硬件的要求非常低,因此不仅可以在本地部署 LLM,还可以在医疗点部署 LLM。
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引用次数: 0
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medRxiv - Gastroenterology
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