Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-05-12DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2024.2350721
Masahiro Yamada, Amanda D Barclift, Louisa D Raisbeck
When one directs their attention to an intended effect (external focus of attention, EFOA), motor performance is generally better than when one directs their attention to their own body movements (internal focus of attention, IFOA). However, the effect of attentional focus is unclear when a skill is practiced through motor imagery (MI) in the absence of physical trials. Participants (N = 30, M = 22.33 yrs, SD = 2.69) in the present study completed three physical trials of a reciprocal aiming task before and (24-h) after MI practice. During MI practice, the EFOA (n = 15) and IFOA (n = 15) groups mentally practiced the task with no physical practice with EFOA-MI or IFOA-MI, respectively, for three consecutive days. Our results showed that both groups significantly improved in accuracy (F1,28 = 6.49, p = .017), supporting the benefit of MI in motor skill acquisition. However, a significant effect of attentional focus was not observed (F1.,28 = 0.445, p = 0.51). We discussed two potential explanations: EFOA/IFOA requires physical trials to affect performance, or individuals must use both EFOA and IFOA in the process of creating imagery of the environment and movements, which may obscure the effect of EFOA and IFOA.
{"title":"The Effect of Motor Imagery Practice on an Aiming Task with Attentional Focus Cues.","authors":"Masahiro Yamada, Amanda D Barclift, Louisa D Raisbeck","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2350721","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2350721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When one directs their attention to an intended effect (external focus of attention, EFOA), motor performance is generally better than when one directs their attention to their own body movements (internal focus of attention, IFOA). However, the effect of attentional focus is unclear when a skill is practiced through motor imagery (MI) in the absence of physical trials. Participants (<i>N</i> = 30, <i>M</i> = 22.33 yrs, <i>SD</i> = 2.69) in the present study completed three physical trials of a reciprocal aiming task before and (24-h) after MI practice. During MI practice, the EFOA (<i>n</i> = 15) and IFOA (<i>n</i> = 15) groups mentally practiced the task with no physical practice with EFOA-MI or IFOA-MI, respectively, for three consecutive days. Our results showed that both groups significantly improved in accuracy (<i>F<sub>1,28</sub></i> = 6.49, <i>p</i> = .017), supporting the benefit of MI in motor skill acquisition. However, a significant effect of attentional focus was not observed (<i>F<sub>1.,28</sub></i> = 0.445, <i>p</i> = 0.51). We discussed two potential explanations: EFOA/IFOA requires physical trials to affect performance, or individuals must use both EFOA and IFOA in the process of creating imagery of the environment and movements, which may obscure the effect of EFOA and IFOA.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140911314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2024.2368120
Motoki Sakurai, Kate A Spitzley, Andrew R Karduna
The present study investigated the effect of visual offset (visuo-proprioceptive mismatch) in joint repositioning task in a three-dimensional virtual reality (VR) environment when participants were instructed to ignore vision. Twenty-five physically healthy young individuals performed shoulder joint position sense test. Repositioning accuracy was tested under two visual conditions, accurate and offset visions, and two instructions, no guidance or ignore vision. In accurate vision trials, the virtual hand of the tested limb seen in VR was congruent with where the participant placed their hand. In the offset vision condition, the virtual hand was seen 8° above or below their actual hand in the vertical plane. Repositioning error (i.e. constant error) in offset vision trials was lower when the participants were instructed to ignore vision compared to when no instruction about the visual offset was given (p < 0.001). However, constant error in offset vision trials was larger than accurate vision trials when the participants tried to ignore vision in both visual conditions (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that humans may be able to down-weight vision to some extent by conscious effort, while the influence of vision is difficult to eliminate when vision is present.
本研究调查了在三维虚拟现实(VR)环境中,当受试者被指示忽略视觉时,视觉偏移(视觉-直觉不匹配)对关节重新定位任务的影响。25 名身体健康的年轻人进行了肩关节位置感测试。在两种视觉条件(准确视觉和偏移视觉)和两种指令(无指导或忽略视觉)下测试了重新定位的准确性。在准确视觉试验中,受试者在 VR 中看到的受试肢体的虚拟手与受试者放置手的位置一致。在偏移视觉条件下,虚拟手在垂直平面上比实际手高出或低出 8°。在偏移视觉试验中,当受试者被指示忽略视觉时,其重新定位误差(即恒定误差)低于未发出视觉偏移指示时(P p
{"title":"Awareness of Visual Offset Reduces but Does Not Eliminate Joint Repositioning Errors in Virtual Reality.","authors":"Motoki Sakurai, Kate A Spitzley, Andrew R Karduna","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2368120","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2368120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigated the effect of visual offset (visuo-proprioceptive mismatch) in joint repositioning task in a three-dimensional virtual reality (VR) environment when participants were instructed to ignore vision. Twenty-five physically healthy young individuals performed shoulder joint position sense test. Repositioning accuracy was tested under two visual conditions, accurate and offset visions, and two instructions, no guidance or ignore vision. In accurate vision trials, the virtual hand of the tested limb seen in VR was congruent with where the participant placed their hand. In the offset vision condition, the virtual hand was seen 8° above or below their actual hand in the vertical plane. Repositioning error (i.e. constant error) in offset vision trials was lower when the participants were instructed to ignore vision compared to when no instruction about the visual offset was given (<i>p</i> < 0.001). However, constant error in offset vision trials was larger than accurate vision trials when the participants tried to ignore vision in both visual conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Our results suggest that humans may be able to down-weight vision to some extent by conscious effort, while the influence of vision is difficult to eliminate when vision is present.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141629204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-07-30DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2023.2241403
Ata Elvan, Selin Kirişçi, Melda Başer Seçer, Özge Çeliker Tosun, Gökhan Tosun
The aim of the study is to examine the effects of menstrual cycle phases (MCP) on balance and postural control. The study was carried out with 63 volunteer women. Digital ovulation kits and, a Menstrual Cycle Regularity Questionnaire (MCRQ) to detect menstrual cycle regularity and duration, Premenstrual Syndrome Questionnaire (PMSQ) to question the presence of premenstrual syndrome, Menstruation Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ) to assess menstrual attitudes, International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) to question physical activity level was used. Balance and postural oscillation were evaluated with Balance Master balance and performance test device and Tekscan MatScan™ Pressure Mat System, respectively. All evaluations were repeated twice, in the preovulatory period and the postovulatory period. When the evaluations of the preovulatory period and the postovulatory period were compared, there was %3 increase in the percent weight-bearing of the non-dominant extremity (p = 0.01) and %2.5 decrease in the percent weight-bearing of the dominant limb in the postovulatory period (p = 0.01). %8 increase in functional reach distances was detected in the postovulatory period (p < 0.01). It was determined that there was %7.4 decrease in the oscillation rate of the center of gravity in the static stance with eyes open and %9 decrease in the static stance with eyes closed in the postovulatory period (p = 0.35, p = 0.18, respectively). It has been determined that the balance and postural control of young women are negatively affected in the preovulatory period and the function improved from the preovulatory period to the postovulatory period.
{"title":"Does Phase of the Menstrual Cycle Affect Balance and Postural Control?","authors":"Ata Elvan, Selin Kirişçi, Melda Başer Seçer, Özge Çeliker Tosun, Gökhan Tosun","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2241403","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2241403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study is to examine the effects of menstrual cycle phases (MCP) on balance and postural control. The study was carried out with 63 volunteer women. Digital ovulation kits and, a Menstrual Cycle Regularity Questionnaire (MCRQ) to detect menstrual cycle regularity and duration, Premenstrual Syndrome Questionnaire (PMSQ) to question the presence of premenstrual syndrome, Menstruation Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ) to assess menstrual attitudes, International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) to question physical activity level was used. Balance and postural oscillation were evaluated with Balance Master balance and performance test device and Tekscan MatScan™ Pressure Mat System, respectively. All evaluations were repeated twice, in the preovulatory period and the postovulatory period. When the evaluations of the preovulatory period and the postovulatory period were compared, there was %3 increase in the percent weight-bearing of the non-dominant extremity (<i>p</i> = 0.01) and %2.5 decrease in the percent weight-bearing of the dominant limb in the postovulatory period (<i>p</i> = 0.01). %8 increase in functional reach distances was detected in the postovulatory period (p < 0.01). It was determined that there was %7.4 decrease in the oscillation rate of the center of gravity in the static stance with eyes open and %9 decrease in the static stance with eyes closed in the postovulatory period (<i>p</i> = 0.35, <i>p</i> = 0.18, respectively). It has been determined that the balance and postural control of young women are negatively affected in the preovulatory period and the function improved from the preovulatory period to the postovulatory period.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9897336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-12-21DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2023.2293000
Nicolette A Peterson, Alen Hajnal, Jeffrey B Wagman, Thomas A Stoffregen
We asked whether the quantitative kinematics of standing postural activity might be related to short-term learning of affordances. Standing participants viewed a narrow path for 15 s, and then gave perceptual reports about the distance that they could walk along the path while wearing a weighted vest (novel affordance) or while not wearing the vest (familiar affordance). In a control condition, participants gave perceptual reports about egocentric distance along the path. During the 15 s viewing intervals, we measured the kinematics of head and torso movement as standing participants made a series of 12 perceptual reports. Perceptual reports improved across trials, but only in the condition in which participants were asked to perceive a novel affordance. The dynamical complexity of head movement changed across trials as participants gave perceptual reports about the novel affordance, but did not change systematically when perceiving a familiar affordance, or a non-affordance egocentric distance. We argue that the dynamical complexity of postural activity may have served an exploratory function supporting the learning of a novel affordance. Our results are consistent with the broader hypothesis that affordances are learned through active engagement with the environment, rather than (for example) through abstract cognitive processing.
{"title":"The Complexity of Head Movement is Correlated with Learning about Affordances for Walking.","authors":"Nicolette A Peterson, Alen Hajnal, Jeffrey B Wagman, Thomas A Stoffregen","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2293000","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2293000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We asked whether the quantitative kinematics of standing postural activity might be related to short-term learning of affordances. Standing participants viewed a narrow path for 15 s, and then gave perceptual reports about the distance that they could walk along the path while wearing a weighted vest (novel affordance) or while not wearing the vest (familiar affordance). In a control condition, participants gave perceptual reports about egocentric distance along the path. During the 15 s viewing intervals, we measured the kinematics of head and torso movement as standing participants made a series of 12 perceptual reports. Perceptual reports improved across trials, but only in the condition in which participants were asked to perceive a novel affordance. The dynamical complexity of head movement changed across trials as participants gave perceptual reports about the novel affordance, but did not change systematically when perceiving a familiar affordance, or a non-affordance egocentric distance. We argue that the dynamical complexity of postural activity may have served an exploratory function supporting the learning of a novel affordance. Our results are consistent with the broader hypothesis that affordances are learned through active engagement with the environment, rather than (for example) through abstract cognitive processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138832673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2023.2229769
Natalia Dounskaia
The strategy used by the brain to organize human goal-directed movements is still debated. Here, I argue that without the knowledge of this strategy, teaching movement skills required in complex sports activities and for rehabilitation of motor disorders remains an art and can often result in inefficient techniques and misleading instructions. However, the leading joint hypothesis offers a solution to this problem. It suggests that the control strategy consists in rotation of a single ('leading') joint actively and using the biomechanical effect produced by the leading joint as the primary contributor to motion of the other ('trailing') joints. This "trailing joint control pattern" was found in a large variety of movement types. This pattern is simple even for seemingly complex movements, it can be easily verbalized, and it requires focusing attention during learning only on one or two movement elements at a time. The use of the trailing joint control strategy therefore allows development of better targeted techniques of motor learning and rehabilitation.
{"title":"The Strategy of Human Movement Control and Teaching Motor Skills in Norm and Pathology.","authors":"Natalia Dounskaia","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2229769","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2229769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The strategy used by the brain to organize human goal-directed movements is still debated. Here, I argue that without the knowledge of this strategy, teaching movement skills required in complex sports activities and for rehabilitation of motor disorders remains an art and can often result in inefficient techniques and misleading instructions. However, the leading joint hypothesis offers a solution to this problem. It suggests that the control strategy consists in rotation of a single ('leading') joint actively and using the biomechanical effect produced by the leading joint as the primary contributor to motion of the other ('trailing') joints. This \"trailing joint control pattern\" was found in a large variety of movement types. This pattern is simple even for seemingly complex movements, it can be easily verbalized, and it requires focusing attention during learning only on one or two movement elements at a time. The use of the trailing joint control strategy therefore allows development of better targeted techniques of motor learning and rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9795140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-11-23DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2023.2285383
Oluwaseye Odanye, Emily Steffensen, Erica Hinton, Samuel Bierner, Hao-Yuan Hsiao, Brian Knarr
Treadmills are important rehabilitation tools used with or without handrails. The handrails could be used to attain balance, prevent falls, and improve the walking biomechanics of stroke survivors, but it is yet unclear how the treadmill handrails impact their stability margins. Here, we investigated how 3 treadmill handrail-use conditions (no-hold, self-selected support, and light touch) impact stroke survivors' margins of stability (MoS). The anteroposterior MoS significantly increased for both legs with self-selected support while the mediolateral MoS of the unaffected leg decreased significantly when the participants walked with self-selected support in comparison to no-hold in both cases. We concluded that the contextual use of the handrail should guide its prescription for fall prevention or balance training in rehabilitation programs.
{"title":"Treadmill Handrail-Use Increases the Anteroposterior Margin of Stability in Individuals' Post-Stroke.","authors":"Oluwaseye Odanye, Emily Steffensen, Erica Hinton, Samuel Bierner, Hao-Yuan Hsiao, Brian Knarr","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2285383","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2285383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treadmills are important rehabilitation tools used with or without handrails. The handrails could be used to attain balance, prevent falls, and improve the walking biomechanics of stroke survivors, but it is yet unclear how the treadmill handrails impact their stability margins. Here, we investigated how 3 treadmill handrail-use conditions (no-hold, self-selected support, and light touch) impact stroke survivors' margins of stability (MoS). The anteroposterior MoS significantly increased for both legs with self-selected support while the mediolateral MoS of the unaffected leg decreased significantly when the participants walked with self-selected support in comparison to no-hold in both cases. We concluded that the contextual use of the handrail should guide its prescription for fall prevention or balance training in rehabilitation programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10957321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-06-29DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2023.2229946
Nicholas P Murray, William Lewinski, Gustavo Sandri Heidner, Joshua Lawton, Robert Horn
Police officers during dynamic and stressful encounters are required to make rapid decisions that rely on effective decision-making, experience, and intuition. Tactical decision-making is influenced by the officer's capability to recognize critical visual information and estimation of threat. The purpose of the current study is to investigate how visual search patterns using cluster analysis and factors that differentiate expertise (e.g., years of service, tactical training, related experiences) influence tactical decision-making in active-duty police officers (44 active-duty police officers) during high stress, high threat, realistic use of force scenario following a car accident and to examine the relationships between visual search patterns and physiological response (heart rate). A cluster analysis of visual search variables (fixation duration, fixation location difference score, and number of fixations) produced an Efficient Scan and an Inefficient Scan group. Specifically, the Efficient Scan group demonstrated longer total fixation duration and differences in area of interests (AOI) fixation duration compared to the Inefficient Scan group. Despite both groups exhibiting a rise in physiological stress response (HR) throughout the high-stress scenario, the Efficient Scan group had a history of tactical training, improved return fire performance, had higher sleep time total, and demonstrated increased processing efficiency and effective attentional control, due to having a background of increased tactical training.
{"title":"Gaze Control and Tactical Decision-Making Under Stress in Active-Duty Police Officers During a Live Use-of-Force Response.","authors":"Nicholas P Murray, William Lewinski, Gustavo Sandri Heidner, Joshua Lawton, Robert Horn","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2229946","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2229946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Police officers during dynamic and stressful encounters are required to make rapid decisions that rely on effective decision-making, experience, and intuition. Tactical decision-making is influenced by the officer's capability to recognize critical visual information and estimation of threat. The purpose of the current study is to investigate how visual search patterns using cluster analysis and factors that differentiate expertise (e.g., years of service, tactical training, related experiences) influence tactical decision-making in active-duty police officers (44 active-duty police officers) during high stress, high threat, realistic use of force scenario following a car accident and to examine the relationships between visual search patterns and physiological response (heart rate). A cluster analysis of visual search variables (fixation duration, fixation location difference score, and number of fixations) produced an Efficient Scan and an Inefficient Scan group. Specifically, the Efficient Scan group demonstrated longer total fixation duration and differences in area of interests (AOI) fixation duration compared to the Inefficient Scan group. Despite both groups exhibiting a rise in physiological stress response (HR) throughout the high-stress scenario, the Efficient Scan group had a history of tactical training, improved return fire performance, had higher sleep time total, and demonstrated increased processing efficiency and effective attentional control, due to having a background of increased tactical training.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9829065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-12-21DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2023.2251912
Fatemeh Keshvari, Alireza Farsi, Behrooz Abdoli
This study aimed to investigate the electroencephalographic profile of elite and non-elite basketball players seconds before and during the basketball free throw. Sixteen male subjects in the elite group (national team/premier league players with an average age of 22.06 ± 1.56) and 16 male non-elite subjects (university players with an average age of 22.37 ± 1.45) voluntarily participated in this research. Electroencephalographic data were measured from 28 cortical areas using a mobile wireless device. ANOVA with repeated measures were also performed to investigate the characteristics of theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands. The findings showed the higher cortical activity of the elite group. Different frequency bands exhibited similar asymmetry patterns, suggesting the higher activity of the left hemisphere in most of the homologous sites. Moreover, the activity of frequency bands in the left hemisphere rose by approaching the moment of throw. Furthermore, the activity of a limited number of right hemisphere sites increased by getting closer to the moment of action. In general, hemispheric asymmetry in favor of the left hemisphere has a cortical pattern, reflecting high-performance activities. In addition, the characteristics of different frequency bands of hemispheres are directed toward increasing cognitive processing, attention focusing, and inhibiting irrelevant information.
{"title":"Investigating the EEG Profile of Elite and Non-Elite Players in the Basketball Free Throw Task.","authors":"Fatemeh Keshvari, Alireza Farsi, Behrooz Abdoli","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2251912","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2251912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the electroencephalographic profile of elite and non-elite basketball players seconds before and during the basketball free throw. Sixteen male subjects in the elite group (national team/premier league players with an average age of 22.06 ± 1.56) and 16 male non-elite subjects (university players with an average age of 22.37 ± 1.45) voluntarily participated in this research. Electroencephalographic data were measured from 28 cortical areas using a mobile wireless device. ANOVA with repeated measures were also performed to investigate the characteristics of theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands. The findings showed the higher cortical activity of the elite group. Different frequency bands exhibited similar asymmetry patterns, suggesting the higher activity of the left hemisphere in most of the homologous sites. Moreover, the activity of frequency bands in the left hemisphere rose by approaching the moment of throw. Furthermore, the activity of a limited number of right hemisphere sites increased by getting closer to the moment of action. In general, hemispheric asymmetry in favor of the left hemisphere has a cortical pattern, reflecting high-performance activities. In addition, the characteristics of different frequency bands of hemispheres are directed toward increasing cognitive processing, attention focusing, and inhibiting irrelevant information.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71488199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2024.2324903
Bruno Freire, Letícia Yolanda Silva, Kalebe Anilton Espindola, Jéssica Roberta de Oliveira da Rocha, Stella Maris Michaelsen
The task of transporting objects is a fundamental part of daily living activities. Previous kinematic studies focusing on tasks such as pointing, reach-to-grasp, and drinking have not fully captured the motor behaviors involved in object transportation, including placing a cup on a table or storing items in specific places. Hence, this study aimed to analyze the motor behavior associated with transporting a mug using upper limb kinematic variables. Fifteen healthy adults were instructed to transport an open-handle mug across a table. The kinematic metrics evaluated included object end-error for accuracy, frontal and lateral end-range for precision, movement time, peak velocity, time to peak velocity for control strategy, object path ratio for efficiency, and interjoint coordination. The stability of motor behavior was assessed through a test-retest analysis. The mug transporting task achieved accuracy with a radius <10 mm around the target, a peak velocity of ∼0.4 m/s, a control strategy where acceleration time constituted about 30% of the movement time, and a slightly curved trajectory. The test-retest analysis confirmed stable motor behavior across all kinematic metrics (ICCs > 0.75). Thus, the mug transporting task exhibited unique and stable kinematic characteristics, distinguishing it from non-transport activities and effectively mirroring transporting activities of daily living.
{"title":"Motion Analysis of the Mug Transportation Task Through Upper Limb Kinematics.","authors":"Bruno Freire, Letícia Yolanda Silva, Kalebe Anilton Espindola, Jéssica Roberta de Oliveira da Rocha, Stella Maris Michaelsen","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2324903","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2024.2324903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The task of transporting objects is a fundamental part of daily living activities. Previous kinematic studies focusing on tasks such as pointing, reach-to-grasp, and drinking have not fully captured the motor behaviors involved in object transportation, including placing a cup on a table or storing items in specific places. Hence, this study aimed to analyze the motor behavior associated with transporting a mug using upper limb kinematic variables. Fifteen healthy adults were instructed to transport an open-handle mug across a table. The kinematic metrics evaluated included object end-error for accuracy, frontal and lateral end-range for precision, movement time, peak velocity, time to peak velocity for control strategy, object path ratio for efficiency, and interjoint coordination. The stability of motor behavior was assessed through a test-retest analysis. The mug transporting task achieved accuracy with a radius <10 mm around the target, a peak velocity of ∼0.4 m/s, a control strategy where acceleration time constituted about 30% of the movement time, and a slightly curved trajectory. The test-retest analysis confirmed stable motor behavior across all kinematic metrics (ICCs > 0.75). Thus, the mug transporting task exhibited unique and stable kinematic characteristics, distinguishing it from non-transport activities and effectively mirroring transporting activities of daily living.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140029419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-11-26DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2023.2284786
Amélie Apinis-Deshaies, Jonathan Tremblay, Maxime Trempe
Consolidation has been associated with performance gains without additional practice (i.e., off-line learning). However, the movement characteristics improving off-line remain poorly understood. To investigate this question, participants were trained to produce a sequence of planar reaching movements toward four different visual targets. The training session with feedback required them to learn the relative time of the movements, the total movement time and aim accurately at each target. The retention test was performed either 10-min or 24-h after. Results revealed that a 24-h consolidation interval did not result in better temporal or spatial accuracy. This finding suggests that off-line learning may be restricted to sequence production tasks in which the different segments must be regrouped ("chunked") together to accelerate their execution.
{"title":"Temporal and Spatial Accuracy of Reaching Movements do not Improve Off-line.","authors":"Amélie Apinis-Deshaies, Jonathan Tremblay, Maxime Trempe","doi":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2284786","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00222895.2023.2284786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Consolidation has been associated with performance gains without additional practice (i.e., off-line learning). However, the movement characteristics improving off-line remain poorly understood. To investigate this question, participants were trained to produce a sequence of planar reaching movements toward four different visual targets. The training session with feedback required them to learn the relative time of the movements, the total movement time and aim accurately at each target. The retention test was performed either 10-min or 24-h after. Results revealed that a 24-h consolidation interval did not result in better temporal or spatial accuracy. This finding suggests that off-line learning may be restricted to sequence production tasks in which the different segments must be regrouped (\"chunked\") together to accelerate their execution.</p>","PeriodicalId":50125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Motor Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138441625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}