Yasuhiro MiyazawaDepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea, Chia-Yung ChangDepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, Qixun LiDepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, Ryan Tenu AhnDepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, Koshiro YamaguchiDepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea, Seonghyun KimDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea, Minho ChaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea, Junseo KimDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea, Yuyang SongToyota Research Institute North America, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, Shinnosuke ShimokawaToyota Research Institute North America, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, Umesh GandhiToyota Research Institute North America, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, Jinkyu YangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
In the classic realm of impact mitigation, targeting different impact scenarios with a universally designed device still remains an unassailable challenge. In this study, we delve into the untapped potential of Resch-patterned origami for impact mitigation, specifically considering the adaptively reconfigurable nature of the Resch origami structure. Our unit-cell-level analyses reveal two distinctive modes of deformation, each characterized by contrasting mechanical responses: the folding mode that displays monostability coupled with strain-hardening, and the unfolding mode that manifests bistability, facilitating energy absorption through snap-through dynamics. Drop tests further unveil a novel dynamic bifurcation phenomenon, where the origami switches between folding and unfolding depending on impact speed, thereby showcasing its innate self-reconfigurability in a wide range of dynamic events. The tessellated meter-scale Resch structure mimicking an automotive bumper inherits this dynamically bifurcating behavior, demonstrating the instantaneous morphing into favorable deformation mode to minimize the peak acceleration upon impact. This suggests a self-adaptive and universally applicable impact-absorbing nature of the Resch-patterned origami system. We believe that our findings pave the way for developing smart, origami-inspired impact mitigation devices capable of real-time response and adaptation to external stimuli, offering insights into designing universally protective structures with enhanced performance in response to various impact scenarios.
{"title":"Unveiling dynamic bifurcation of Resch-patterned origami for self-adaptive impact mitigation structure","authors":"Yasuhiro MiyazawaDepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea, Chia-Yung ChangDepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, Qixun LiDepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, Ryan Tenu AhnDepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, Koshiro YamaguchiDepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea, Seonghyun KimDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea, Minho ChaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea, Junseo KimDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea, Yuyang SongToyota Research Institute North America, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, Shinnosuke ShimokawaToyota Research Institute North America, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, Umesh GandhiToyota Research Institute North America, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, Jinkyu YangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea","doi":"arxiv-2404.14737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.14737","url":null,"abstract":"In the classic realm of impact mitigation, targeting different impact\u0000scenarios with a universally designed device still remains an unassailable\u0000challenge. In this study, we delve into the untapped potential of\u0000Resch-patterned origami for impact mitigation, specifically considering the\u0000adaptively reconfigurable nature of the Resch origami structure. Our\u0000unit-cell-level analyses reveal two distinctive modes of deformation, each\u0000characterized by contrasting mechanical responses: the folding mode that\u0000displays monostability coupled with strain-hardening, and the unfolding mode\u0000that manifests bistability, facilitating energy absorption through snap-through\u0000dynamics. Drop tests further unveil a novel dynamic bifurcation phenomenon,\u0000where the origami switches between folding and unfolding depending on impact\u0000speed, thereby showcasing its innate self-reconfigurability in a wide range of\u0000dynamic events. The tessellated meter-scale Resch structure mimicking an\u0000automotive bumper inherits this dynamically bifurcating behavior, demonstrating\u0000the instantaneous morphing into favorable deformation mode to minimize the peak\u0000acceleration upon impact. This suggests a self-adaptive and universally\u0000applicable impact-absorbing nature of the Resch-patterned origami system. We\u0000believe that our findings pave the way for developing smart, origami-inspired\u0000impact mitigation devices capable of real-time response and adaptation to\u0000external stimuli, offering insights into designing universally protective\u0000structures with enhanced performance in response to various impact scenarios.","PeriodicalId":501305,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A reservoir computer (RC) is a recurrent neural network (RNN) framework that achieves computational efficiency where only readout layer training is required. Additionally, it effectively predicts nonlinear dynamical system tasks and has various applications. RC is effective for forecasting nonautonomous dynamical systems with gradual changes to the external drive amplitude. This study investigates the predictability of nonautonomous dynamical systems with rapid changes to the phase of the external drive. The forced Van der Pol equation was employed for the base model, implementing forecasting tasks with the RC. The study findings suggest that, despite hidden variables, a nonautonomous dynamical system with rapid changes to the phase of the external drive is predictable. Therefore, RC can offer better schedules for individual shift workers.
{"title":"Forecasting the Forced Van der Pol Equation with Frequent Phase Shifts Using a Reservoir Computer","authors":"Sho Kuno, Hiroshi Kori","doi":"arxiv-2404.14651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.14651","url":null,"abstract":"A reservoir computer (RC) is a recurrent neural network (RNN) framework that\u0000achieves computational efficiency where only readout layer training is\u0000required. Additionally, it effectively predicts nonlinear dynamical system\u0000tasks and has various applications. RC is effective for forecasting\u0000nonautonomous dynamical systems with gradual changes to the external drive\u0000amplitude. This study investigates the predictability of nonautonomous\u0000dynamical systems with rapid changes to the phase of the external drive. The\u0000forced Van der Pol equation was employed for the base model, implementing\u0000forecasting tasks with the RC. The study findings suggest that, despite hidden\u0000variables, a nonautonomous dynamical system with rapid changes to the phase of\u0000the external drive is predictable. Therefore, RC can offer better schedules for\u0000individual shift workers.","PeriodicalId":501305,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140806308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivan A. Korneev, Ibadulla R. Ramazanov, Andrei V. Slepnev, Tatiana E. Vadivasova, Vladimir V. Semenov
Using methods of numerical simulation, we demonstrate the constructive role of memristive coupling in the context of the travelling waves formation and robustness in an ensemble of excitable oscillators described by the FitzHugh-Nagumo neuron model. First, the revealed aspects of the memristive coupling action are shown on an example of the deterministic model where the memristive properties of the coupling elements provide for achieving travelling waves at lower coupling strength as compared to non-adaptive diffusive coupling. In the presence of noise, the positive role of memristive coupling is manifested as significant increasing a noise intensity critical value corresponding to the noise-induced destruction of travelling waves as compared to classical diffusive interaction. In addition, we point out the second constructive factor, the L{'e}vy noise whose properties provide for inducing travelling waves.
{"title":"Travelling waves in an ensemble of excitable oscillators: the interplay of memristive coupling and noise","authors":"Ivan A. Korneev, Ibadulla R. Ramazanov, Andrei V. Slepnev, Tatiana E. Vadivasova, Vladimir V. Semenov","doi":"arxiv-2404.14147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.14147","url":null,"abstract":"Using methods of numerical simulation, we demonstrate the constructive role\u0000of memristive coupling in the context of the travelling waves formation and\u0000robustness in an ensemble of excitable oscillators described by the\u0000FitzHugh-Nagumo neuron model. First, the revealed aspects of the memristive\u0000coupling action are shown on an example of the deterministic model where the\u0000memristive properties of the coupling elements provide for achieving travelling\u0000waves at lower coupling strength as compared to non-adaptive diffusive\u0000coupling. In the presence of noise, the positive role of memristive coupling is\u0000manifested as significant increasing a noise intensity critical value\u0000corresponding to the noise-induced destruction of travelling waves as compared\u0000to classical diffusive interaction. In addition, we point out the second\u0000constructive factor, the L{'e}vy noise whose properties provide for inducing\u0000travelling waves.","PeriodicalId":501305,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Swarmalators are entities that swarm through space and sync in time and are potentially considered to replicate the complex dynamics of many real-world systems. So far, the internal dynamics of swarmalators have been taken as a phase oscillator inspired by the Kuramoto model. Here, for the first time, we examine the internal dynamics utilizing an amplitude oscillator capable of exhibiting periodic and chaotic behaviors. To incorporate the dual interplay between spatial and internal dynamics, we propose a general model that keeps the properties of swarmalators intact. This adaptation calls for a detailed study which we present in this paper. We establish our study with the Rossler oscillator by taking parameters from both the chaotic and periodic regions. While the periodic oscillator mimics most of the patterns in the previous phase oscillator model, the chaotic oscillator brings some new fascinating states.
{"title":"Amplitude responses of swarmalators","authors":"Samali Ghosh, Suvam Pal, Gourab Kumar Sar, Dibakar Ghosh","doi":"arxiv-2404.16868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.16868","url":null,"abstract":"Swarmalators are entities that swarm through space and sync in time and are\u0000potentially considered to replicate the complex dynamics of many real-world\u0000systems. So far, the internal dynamics of swarmalators have been taken as a\u0000phase oscillator inspired by the Kuramoto model. Here, for the first time, we\u0000examine the internal dynamics utilizing an amplitude oscillator capable of\u0000exhibiting periodic and chaotic behaviors. To incorporate the dual interplay\u0000between spatial and internal dynamics, we propose a general model that keeps\u0000the properties of swarmalators intact. This adaptation calls for a detailed\u0000study which we present in this paper. We establish our study with the Rossler\u0000oscillator by taking parameters from both the chaotic and periodic regions.\u0000While the periodic oscillator mimics most of the patterns in the previous phase\u0000oscillator model, the chaotic oscillator brings some new fascinating states.","PeriodicalId":501305,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140812823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shengling Gao, Zhikun She, Quanyi Liang, Nan Zheng, Daqing Li
Urban traffic resilience has gained increased attention, with most studies adopting an engineering perspective that assumes a single optimal equilibrium and prioritizes local recovery. On the other hand, systems may possess multiple metastable states, and ecological resilience is the ability to switch between these states according to perturbations. Control strategies from these two resilience perspectives yield distinct outcomes. In fact, ecological resilience oriented control has rarely been viewed in urban traffic, despite the fact that traffic system is a complex system in highly uncertain environment with possible multiple metastable states. This absence highlights the necessity for urban traffic ecological resilience definition. To bridge this gap, we defines urban traffic ecological resilience as the ability to absorb uncertain perturbations by shifting to alternative states. The goal is to generate a system with greater adaptability, without necessarily returning to the original equilibrium. Our control framework comprises three aspects: portraying the recoverable scopes; designing alternative steady states; and controlling system to shift to alternative steady states for adapting large disturbances. Among them, the recoverable scopes are portrayed by attraction region; the alternative steady states are set close to the optimal state and outside the attraction region of the original equilibrium; the controller needs to ensure the local stability of the alternative steady states, without changing the trajectories inside the attraction region of the original equilibrium. Comparisons with classical engineering resilience oriented urban traffic resilience control schemes show that, proposed ecological resilience oriented control schemes can generate greater resilience. These results will contribute to the fundamental theory of future resilient intelligent transportation system.
{"title":"Urban traffic resilience control -- An ecological resilience perspective","authors":"Shengling Gao, Zhikun She, Quanyi Liang, Nan Zheng, Daqing Li","doi":"arxiv-2404.11082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.11082","url":null,"abstract":"Urban traffic resilience has gained increased attention, with most studies\u0000adopting an engineering perspective that assumes a single optimal equilibrium\u0000and prioritizes local recovery. On the other hand, systems may possess multiple\u0000metastable states, and ecological resilience is the ability to switch between\u0000these states according to perturbations. Control strategies from these two\u0000resilience perspectives yield distinct outcomes. In fact, ecological resilience\u0000oriented control has rarely been viewed in urban traffic, despite the fact that\u0000traffic system is a complex system in highly uncertain environment with\u0000possible multiple metastable states. This absence highlights the necessity for\u0000urban traffic ecological resilience definition. To bridge this gap, we defines\u0000urban traffic ecological resilience as the ability to absorb uncertain\u0000perturbations by shifting to alternative states. The goal is to generate a\u0000system with greater adaptability, without necessarily returning to the original\u0000equilibrium. Our control framework comprises three aspects: portraying the\u0000recoverable scopes; designing alternative steady states; and controlling system\u0000to shift to alternative steady states for adapting large disturbances. Among\u0000them, the recoverable scopes are portrayed by attraction region; the\u0000alternative steady states are set close to the optimal state and outside the\u0000attraction region of the original equilibrium; the controller needs to ensure\u0000the local stability of the alternative steady states, without changing the\u0000trajectories inside the attraction region of the original equilibrium.\u0000Comparisons with classical engineering resilience oriented urban traffic\u0000resilience control schemes show that, proposed ecological resilience oriented\u0000control schemes can generate greater resilience. These results will contribute\u0000to the fundamental theory of future resilient intelligent transportation\u0000system.","PeriodicalId":501305,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140610848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuchen Xi, Trevor J. Jones, Richard Huang, Tom Marzin, P. -T. Brun
Active systems of self-propelled agents, e.g., birds, fish, and bacteria, can organize their collective motion into myriad autonomous behaviors. Ubiquitous in nature and across length scales, such phenomena are also amenable to artificial settings, e.g., where brainless self-propelled robots orchestrate their movements into spatio-temportal patterns via the application of external cues or when confined within flexible boundaries. Very much like their natural counterparts, these approaches typically require many units to initiate collective motion such that controlling the ensuing dynamics is challenging. Here, we demonstrate a novel yet simple mechanism that leverages nonlinear elasticity to tame near-diffusive motile particles in forming structures capable of directed motion and other emergent intelligent behaviors. Our elasto-active system comprises two centimeter-sized self-propelled microbots connected with elastic beams. These microbots exert forces that suffice to buckle the beam and set the structure in motion. We first rationalize the physics of the interaction between the beam and the microbots. Then we use reduced order models to predict the interactions of our elasto-active structure with boundaries, e.g., walls and constrictions, and demonstrate how they can exhibit intelligent behaviors such as maze navigation. The findings are relevant to designing intelligent materials or soft robots capable of autonomous space exploration, adaptation, and interaction with the surrounding environment.
{"title":"Emergent intelligence of buckling-driven elasto-active structures","authors":"Yuchen Xi, Trevor J. Jones, Richard Huang, Tom Marzin, P. -T. Brun","doi":"arxiv-2404.10614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.10614","url":null,"abstract":"Active systems of self-propelled agents, e.g., birds, fish, and bacteria, can\u0000organize their collective motion into myriad autonomous behaviors. Ubiquitous\u0000in nature and across length scales, such phenomena are also amenable to\u0000artificial settings, e.g., where brainless self-propelled robots orchestrate\u0000their movements into spatio-temportal patterns via the application of external\u0000cues or when confined within flexible boundaries. Very much like their natural\u0000counterparts, these approaches typically require many units to initiate\u0000collective motion such that controlling the ensuing dynamics is challenging.\u0000Here, we demonstrate a novel yet simple mechanism that leverages nonlinear\u0000elasticity to tame near-diffusive motile particles in forming structures\u0000capable of directed motion and other emergent intelligent behaviors. Our\u0000elasto-active system comprises two centimeter-sized self-propelled microbots\u0000connected with elastic beams. These microbots exert forces that suffice to\u0000buckle the beam and set the structure in motion. We first rationalize the\u0000physics of the interaction between the beam and the microbots. Then we use\u0000reduced order models to predict the interactions of our elasto-active structure\u0000with boundaries, e.g., walls and constrictions, and demonstrate how they can\u0000exhibit intelligent behaviors such as maze navigation. The findings are\u0000relevant to designing intelligent materials or soft robots capable of\u0000autonomous space exploration, adaptation, and interaction with the surrounding\u0000environment.","PeriodicalId":501305,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140610703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we introduce a new type of preferential attachment network, the growth of which is based on the eigenvalue centrality. In this network, the agents attach most probably to the nodes with larger eigenvalue centrality which represents that the agent has stronger connections. A new network is presented, namely a dandelion network, which shares some properties of star-like structure and also a hierarchical network. We show that this network, having hub-and-spoke topology is not generally scale free, and shows essential differences with respect to the Barab{'a}si-Albert preferential attachment model. Most importantly, there is a super hub agent in the system (identified by a pronounced peak in the spectrum), and the other agents are classified in terms of the distance to this super-hub. We explore a plenty of statistical centralities like the nodes degree, the betweenness and the eigenvalue centrality, along with various measures of structure like the community and hierarchical structures, and the clustering coefficient. Global measures like the shortest path statistics and the self-similarity are also examined.
{"title":"Eigenvalue Preferential Attachment Networks A Dandelion Structure","authors":"Vadood Adami, Zahra Ebadi, Morteza Nattagh-Najafi","doi":"arxiv-2404.09238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.09238","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we introduce a new type of preferential attachment network, the\u0000growth of which is based on the eigenvalue centrality. In this network, the\u0000agents attach most probably to the nodes with larger eigenvalue centrality\u0000which represents that the agent has stronger connections. A new network is\u0000presented, namely a dandelion network, which shares some properties of\u0000star-like structure and also a hierarchical network. We show that this network,\u0000having hub-and-spoke topology is not generally scale free, and shows essential\u0000differences with respect to the Barab{'a}si-Albert preferential attachment\u0000model. Most importantly, there is a super hub agent in the system (identified\u0000by a pronounced peak in the spectrum), and the other agents are classified in\u0000terms of the distance to this super-hub. We explore a plenty of statistical\u0000centralities like the nodes degree, the betweenness and the eigenvalue\u0000centrality, along with various measures of structure like the community and\u0000hierarchical structures, and the clustering coefficient. Global measures like\u0000the shortest path statistics and the self-similarity are also examined.","PeriodicalId":501305,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The renowned van der Waals (VDW) state equation quantifies the equilibrium relationship between pressure $P$, volume $V$ and temperature $k_{B}T$ of a real gas. We assign new variable interpretations adapted to the economic context: $P rightarrow Y$, representing price; $V rightarrow X$, representing demand; and $k_{B}T rightarrow kappa$, representing income, to describe an economic state equilibrium. With this reinterpretation, the price elasticity of demand (PED) and the income elasticity of demand (YED) are non-constant factors and may exhibit a singularity of the cusp-catastrophe type. Within this economic framework, the counterpart of VDW liquid-gas phase transition illustrates a substitution mechanism where one product or service is replaced by an alternative substitute. The conceptual relevance of this reinterpretation is discussed qualitatively and quantitatively via several illustrations ranging from transport (carpooling), medical context (generic versus original medication) and empirical data drawn from the electricity market in Germany.
{"title":"Nonlinear Economic State Equilibria via van der Waals Modeling","authors":"Max-Olivier Hongler, Olivier Gallay, Fariba Hashemi","doi":"arxiv-2404.07722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.07722","url":null,"abstract":"The renowned van der Waals (VDW) state equation quantifies the equilibrium\u0000relationship between pressure $P$, volume $V$ and temperature $k_{B}T$ of a\u0000real gas. We assign new variable interpretations adapted to the economic\u0000context: $P rightarrow Y$, representing price; $V rightarrow X$, representing\u0000demand; and $k_{B}T rightarrow kappa$, representing income, to describe an\u0000economic state equilibrium. With this reinterpretation, the price elasticity of\u0000demand (PED) and the income elasticity of demand (YED) are non-constant factors\u0000and may exhibit a singularity of the cusp-catastrophe type. Within this\u0000economic framework, the counterpart of VDW liquid-gas phase transition\u0000illustrates a substitution mechanism where one product or service is replaced\u0000by an alternative substitute. The conceptual relevance of this reinterpretation\u0000is discussed qualitatively and quantitatively via several illustrations ranging\u0000from transport (carpooling), medical context (generic versus original\u0000medication) and empirical data drawn from the electricity market in Germany.","PeriodicalId":501305,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We explore large populations of phase oscillators interacting via random coupling functions. Two types of coupling terms, the Kuramoto-Daido coupling and the Winfree coupling, are considered. Under the assumption of statistical independence of the phases and the couplings, we derive reduced averaged equations with effective non-random coupling terms. As a particular example, we study interactions that have the same shape but possess random coupling strengths and random phase shifts. While randomness in coupling strengths just renormalizes the interaction, a distribution of the phase shifts in coupling reshapes the coupling function.
{"title":"Dynamics of large oscillator populations with random interactions","authors":"Arkady Pikovsky, Lev A. Smirnov","doi":"arxiv-2404.06193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.06193","url":null,"abstract":"We explore large populations of phase oscillators interacting via random\u0000coupling functions. Two types of coupling terms, the Kuramoto-Daido coupling\u0000and the Winfree coupling, are considered. Under the assumption of statistical\u0000independence of the phases and the couplings, we derive reduced averaged\u0000equations with effective non-random coupling terms. As a particular example, we\u0000study interactions that have the same shape but possess random coupling\u0000strengths and random phase shifts. While randomness in coupling strengths just\u0000renormalizes the interaction, a distribution of the phase shifts in coupling\u0000reshapes the coupling function.","PeriodicalId":501305,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dini Wang, Peng Yi, Yiguang Hong, Jie Chen, Gang Yan
Cooperation plays a fundamental role in societal and biological domains, and the population structure profoundly shapes the dynamics of evolution. Practically, individuals behave either altruistically or egoistically in multiple groups, such as relatives, friends and colleagues, and feedbacks from these groupwise interactions will contribute to one's cognition and behavior. Due to the intricacy within and between groups, exploration of evolutionary dynamics over hypergraphs is relatively limited to date. To uncover this conundrum, we develop a higher-order random walk framework for five distinct updating rules, thus establishing explicit conditions for cooperation emergence on hypergraphs, and finding the overlaps between groups tend to foster cooperative behaviors. Our systematic analysis quantifies how the order and hyperdegree govern evolutionary outcomes. We also discover that whenever following a group wisdom update protocol, choosing a high-fitness group to interact equally within its members, cooperators will significantly prevail throughout the community. These findings underscore a crucial role of higher-order interaction and interdisciplinary collaboration throughout a broad range of living systems, favoring social prosperity.
{"title":"Evolutionary game on any hypergraph","authors":"Dini Wang, Peng Yi, Yiguang Hong, Jie Chen, Gang Yan","doi":"arxiv-2404.03305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.03305","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperation plays a fundamental role in societal and biological domains, and\u0000the population structure profoundly shapes the dynamics of evolution.\u0000Practically, individuals behave either altruistically or egoistically in\u0000multiple groups, such as relatives, friends and colleagues, and feedbacks from\u0000these groupwise interactions will contribute to one's cognition and behavior.\u0000Due to the intricacy within and between groups, exploration of evolutionary\u0000dynamics over hypergraphs is relatively limited to date. To uncover this\u0000conundrum, we develop a higher-order random walk framework for five distinct\u0000updating rules, thus establishing explicit conditions for cooperation emergence\u0000on hypergraphs, and finding the overlaps between groups tend to foster\u0000cooperative behaviors. Our systematic analysis quantifies how the order and\u0000hyperdegree govern evolutionary outcomes. We also discover that whenever\u0000following a group wisdom update protocol, choosing a high-fitness group to\u0000interact equally within its members, cooperators will significantly prevail\u0000throughout the community. These findings underscore a crucial role of\u0000higher-order interaction and interdisciplinary collaboration throughout a broad\u0000range of living systems, favoring social prosperity.","PeriodicalId":501305,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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