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"Just a little bit on the outside for the whole time": Social belonging confidence and the persistence of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence students “一直都在外面”:社会归属感、自信和机器学习和人工智能学生的坚持
Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: arxiv-2311.10745
Katherine Mao, Sharon Ferguson, James Magarian, Alison Olechowski
The growing field of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI)presents a unique and unexplored case within persistence research, meaning itis unclear how past findings from engineering will apply to this developingfield. We conduct an exploratory study to gain an initial understanding ofpersistence in this field and identify fruitful directions for future work. Onefactor that has been shown to predict persistence in engineering is belonging;we study belonging through the lens of confidence, and discuss how attention tosocial belonging confidence may help to increase diversity in the profession.In this research paper, we conduct a small set of interviews with students inML/AI courses. Thematic analysis of these interviews revealed initialdifferences in how students see a career in ML/AI, which diverge based oninterest and programming confidence. We identified how exposure and initiation,the interpretation of ML and AI field boundaries, and beliefs of the skillsrequired to succeed might influence students' intentions to persist. We discussdifferences in how students describe being motivated by social belonging andthe importance of close mentorship. We motivate further persistence research inML/AI with particular focus on social belonging and close mentorship, the roleof intersectional identity, and introductory ML/AI courses.
不断发展的机器学习(ML)和人工智能(AI)领域在持久性研究中呈现出一个独特且未被探索的案例,这意味着目前尚不清楚过去的工程发现将如何应用于这一发展中的领域。我们进行了一项探索性研究,以初步了解该领域的持久性,并为未来的工作确定富有成效的方向。我们通过信心的视角来研究归属感,并讨论对社会归属感的关注如何有助于增加专业的多样性。在这篇研究论文中,我们对ml /AI课程的学生进行了一小组访谈。对这些访谈的专题分析揭示了学生对ML/AI职业的最初看法的差异,这些差异是基于兴趣和编程信心。我们确定了接触和启蒙、对ML和AI领域边界的解释以及对成功所需技能的信念如何影响学生的坚持意图。我们讨论了学生如何描述被社会归属感和亲密导师的重要性所激励的差异。我们鼓励在ML/AI中进一步的持久性研究,特别关注社会归属和亲密指导,交叉身份的作用,以及ML/AI入门课程。
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引用次数: 0
All you need is data: the added value of National Access Points as backbone European ITS data exchange infrastructures 你所需要的只是数据:国家接入点作为欧洲ITS数据交换基础设施的附加值
Pub Date : 2023-10-21 DOI: arxiv-2310.14054
Chrysostomos Mylonas, Maria Stavara, Evangelos Mitsakis
Intelligent Transport Systems are crucial in the digital transformation oftransportation. The EC mandates the establishment of National Access Points(NAPs) in each Member State, serving as common national interfaces for ITS dataexchange. While progress has been made in standardizing NAP data, integrationwith operational ITS practices remain limited. This paper presents five NAP usecases from the NAPCORE (National Access Point Coordination Organization forEurope) CEF funded project. The first one outlines a National Virtual TrafficManagement Center offering real time visualized KPIs supporting motorwaytraffic operations. The second focuses on NAP enabled Cooperative ITS anddynamic traffic management services. Next use case involves a Pan Europeaninterface, providing visualizations of data availability. The fourth use caseenhances the digitization of traffic management plans, among different TMC.Finally, the fifth use case demonstrates a technical interface combining NAPtraffic data with meteorological information for KPIs on extreme weatherimpacts on traffic.
智能交通系统是交通数字化转型的关键。欧共体授权在每个成员国建立国家接入点(nap),作为ITS数据交换的公共国家接口。虽然在标准化NAP数据方面取得了进展,但与可操作的ITS实践的整合仍然有限。本文介绍了来自欧洲国家接入点协调组织(NAPCORE) CEF资助项目的五个NAP使用案例。第一份概述了一个国家虚拟交通管理中心,提供支持高速公路交通运营的实时可视化kpi。第二个重点是NAP支持的合作ITS和动态交通管理服务。下一个用例涉及到一个Pan Europeaninterface,提供数据可用性的可视化。第四个用例增强了不同TMC之间的交通管理计划的数字化。最后,第五个用例演示了将NAPtraffic数据与气象信息相结合的技术接口,用于kpi极端天气对交通的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Large scale deployment of C-ITS: Impact assessment results of the C-Roads Greece pilots 大规模部署C-ITS: C-Roads希腊试点项目的影响评估结果
Pub Date : 2023-10-21 DOI: arxiv-2311.10734
Areti Kotsi, Evangelos Mitsakis
This paper aims to provide insights related to the impact assessment andevaluation results from the use of CITS services in the Greek pilot of theCRoads Greece project, i.e., Attica Tollway and Egnatia Odos Tollway. Theimpact assessment and evaluation of the CITS services includes aspects relatedto user acceptance, real world pilot logs collected from the two pilots, andsimulation experiments that were conducted for the impact assessment of theCITS services. The paper concludes with a roadmap and guidelines for theextended deployment of CITS services in the Greek highway and urban roadnetworks.
本文旨在提供与希腊试点项目(即Attica收费公路和Egnatia Odos收费公路)使用CITS服务的影响评估和贬值结果相关的见解。CITS服务的影响评估和评价包括与用户接受度相关的方面,从两个飞行员那里收集的真实世界飞行员日志,以及为CITS服务影响评估而进行的模拟实验。本文最后提出了在希腊高速公路和城市道路网络中扩展部署CITS服务的路线图和指导方针。
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引用次数: 0
CTMaaS: An innovative platform for C-ITS-enabled dynamic Traffic and Fleet Management as a Service CTMaaS:一个基于c - its的动态交通和车队管理即服务的创新平台
Pub Date : 2023-10-21 DOI: arxiv-2310.14052
Areti Kotsi, Vasileia Klimi, Evangelos Mitsakis
Fleet management systems have been one of the most important research fieldsin transportation science. Nowadays the enhancement of fleet management systemswith technologies such as the Cooperative Intelligent Transport System (CITS)that allows fleets to communicate with their environment, with other vehiclesor with the road infrastructure, resulting in safer and more efficient roadtravel. This paper aims to present the CTMaaS platform, a tool which integratesCITS services and traffic management processes to manage vehicle fleets.Starting with a literature review, the paper presents various fleet managementsystems, that have been developed in the last years, and the most typical CITSservices. The next chapters present the CTMaaS platform, use cases, andmethodology.
车队管理系统一直是交通科学研究的重要领域之一。如今,车队管理系统的技术得到了加强,例如协同智能交通系统(CITS),它允许车队与周围环境、其他车辆或道路基础设施进行通信,从而实现更安全、更高效的道路旅行。本文旨在介绍CTMaaS平台,这是一个整合cits服务和交通管理流程来管理车队的工具。从文献综述开始,本文介绍了近年来发展起来的各种车队管理系统,以及最典型的cits服务。接下来的章节将介绍CTMaaS平台、用例和方法。
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引用次数: 0
Solving the multiplication problem of a large language model system using a graph-based method 用基于图的方法求解大型语言模型系统的乘法问题
Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: arxiv-2310.13016
Turker Tuncer, Sengul Dogan, Mehmet Baygin, Prabal Datta Barua, Abdul Hafeez-Baig, Ru-San Tan, Subrata Chakraborty, U. Rajendra Acharya
The generative pre-trained transformer (GPT)-based chatbot software ChatGPTpossesses excellent natural language processing capabilities but is inadequatefor solving arithmetic problems, especially multiplication. Its GPT structureuses a computational graph for multiplication, which has limited accuracybeyond simple multiplication operations. We developed a graph-basedmultiplication algorithm that emulated human-like numerical operations byincorporating a 10k operator, where k represents the maximum power to base 10of the larger of two input numbers. Our proposed algorithm attained 100%accuracy for 1,000,000 large number multiplication tasks, effectively solvingthe multiplication challenge of GPT-based and other large language models. Ourwork highlights the importance of blending simple human insights into thedesign of artificial intelligence algorithms. Keywords: Graph-basedmultiplication; ChatGPT; Multiplication problem
基于生成式预训练转换器(GPT)的聊天机器人软件chatgpt具有出色的自然语言处理能力,但在求解算术问题,尤其是乘法问题方面存在不足。它的GPT结构使用计算图进行乘法运算,除了简单的乘法运算之外,它的精度有限。我们开发了一种基于图的乘法算法,通过结合10k运算符来模拟类似人类的数值运算,其中k表示两个输入数字中较大的以10为基数的最大功率。我们提出的算法在1,000,000个大数乘法任务中达到100%的准确率,有效地解决了基于gpt和其他大型语言模型的乘法挑战。我们的工作强调了将简单的人类见解融入人工智能算法设计的重要性。关键词:Graph-basedmultiplication;ChatGPT;乘法问题
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引用次数: 0
Metacognitive threshold: a computational account 元认知阈值:一个计算帐户
Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: arxiv-2310.13005
Brendan Conway-Smith, Robert L. West
This paper will explore ways of computationally accounting for themetacognitive threshold -- the minimum amount of stimulus needed for a mentalstate to be perceived -- and discuss potential cognitive mechanisms by whichthis threshold can be influenced through metacognitive training and meditation.
本文将探索计算计算元认知阈值的方法-感知心理状态所需的最小刺激量-并讨论通过元认知训练和冥想影响该阈值的潜在认知机制。
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引用次数: 0
Fault Trees, Decision Trees, And Binary Decision Diagrams: A Systematic Comparison 故障树、决策树和二叉决策图:系统比较
Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: arxiv-2310.04448
L. A. Jimenez-Roa, T. Heskes, M. Stoelinga
In reliability engineering, we need to understand system dependencies,cause-effect relations, identify critical components, and analyze how theytrigger failures. Three prominent graph models commonly used for these purposesare fault trees (FTs), decision trees (DTs), and binary decision diagrams(BDDs). These models are popular because they are easy to interpret, serve as acommunication tool between stakeholders of various backgrounds, and supportdecision-making processes. Moreover, these models help to understand real-worldproblems by computing reliability metrics, minimum cut sets, logic rules, anddisplaying dependencies. Nevertheless, it is unclear how these graph modelscompare. Thus, the goal of this paper is to understand the similarities anddifferences through a systematic comparison based on their (i) purpose andapplication, (ii) structural representation, (iii) analysis methods, (iv)construction, and (v) benefits & limitations. Furthermore, we use a runningexample based on a Container Seal Design to showcase the models in practice.Our results show that, given that FTs, DTs and BDDs have different purposes andapplication domains, they adopt different structural representations andanalysis methodologies that entail a variety of benefits and limitations, thelatter can be addressed via conversion methods or extensions. Specific remarksare that BDDs can be considered as a compact representation of binary DTs,since the former allows sub-node sharing, which makes BDDs more efficient atrepresenting logical rules than binary DTs. It is possible to obtain cut setsfrom BDDs and DTs and construct a FT using the (con/dis)junctive normal form,although this may result in a sub-optimal FT structure.
在可靠性工程中,我们需要了解系统依赖关系、因果关系、识别关键组件,并分析它们如何触发故障。通常用于这些目的的三个突出的图模型是故障树(ft),决策树(dt)和二进制决策图(bdd)。这些模型之所以受欢迎,是因为它们易于解释,可以作为不同背景的利益相关者之间的沟通工具,并支持决策过程。此外,这些模型通过计算可靠性度量、最小割集、逻辑规则和显示依赖关系来帮助理解现实世界的问题。然而,目前尚不清楚这些图形模型如何比较。因此,本文的目标是通过系统的比较来理解它们的异同,基于它们的(i)目的和应用,(ii)结构表征,(iii)分析方法,(iv)结构,(v)优点和局限性。最后,以某集装箱密封设计为例,对模型进行了实际应用。我们的研究结果表明,考虑到ft、dt和bdd具有不同的目的和应用领域,它们采用不同的结构表示和分析方法,这带来了各种各样的优点和局限性,后者可以通过转换方法或扩展来解决。特别值得一提的是,bdd可以被认为是二进制dt的紧凑表示,因为前者允许子节点共享,这使得bdd比二进制dt更有效地表示逻辑规则。可以从bdd和dt中获得切集,并使用(共/非)合取范式构造一个FT,尽管这可能导致次优的FT结构。
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引用次数: 0
How do users design scientific workflows? The Case of Snakemake 用户如何设计科学的工作流?《造蛇案
Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: arxiv-2309.14097
Sebastian Pohl, Nourhan Elfaramawy, Kedi Cao, Birte Kehr, Matthias Weidlich
Scientific workflows automate the analysis of large-scale scientific data,fostering the reuse of data processing operators as well as the reproducibilityand traceability of analysis results. In exploratory research, however,workflows are continuously adapted, utilizing a wide range of tools andsoftware libraries, to test scientific hypotheses. Script-based workflowengines cater to the required flexibility through direct integration ofprogramming primitives but lack abstractions for interactive exploration of theworkflow design by a user during workflow execution. To derive requirements forsuch interactive workflows, we conduct an empirical study on the use ofSnakemake, a popular Python-based workflow engine. Based on workflows collectedfrom 1602 GitHub repositories, we present insights on common structures ofSnakemake workflows, as well as the language features typically adopted intheir specification.
科学工作流程自动化大规模科学数据的分析,促进数据处理操作符的重用以及分析结果的可重复性和可追溯性。然而,在探索性研究中,工作流程不断调整,利用广泛的工具和软件库来测试科学假设。基于脚本的工作流引擎通过直接集成编程原语来满足所需的灵活性,但在工作流执行过程中,用户缺乏对工作流设计进行交互式探索的抽象。为了推导出这种交互式工作流的需求,我们对流行的基于python的工作流引擎snakemake的使用进行了实证研究。基于从1602个GitHub存储库中收集的工作流,我们展示了对蛇形工作流的常见结构的见解,以及它们规范中通常采用的语言特性。
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引用次数: 0
Morphological Computing as Logic Underlying Cognition in Human, Animal, and Intelligent Machine 形态计算作为人类、动物和智能机器认知的逻辑基础
Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: arxiv-2309.13979
Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic
This work examines the interconnections between logic, epistemology, andsciences within the Naturalist tradition. It presents a scheme that connectslogic, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and cognition, emphasizingscale-invariant, self-organizing dynamics across organizational tiers ofnature. The inherent logic of agency exists in natural processes at variouslevels, under information exchanges. It applies to humans, animals, andartifactual agents. The common human-centric, natural language-based logic isan example of complex logic evolved by living organisms that already appears inthe simplest form at the level of basal cognition of unicellular organisms.Thus, cognitive logic stems from the evolution of physical, chemical, andbiological logic. In a computing nature framework with a self-organizingagency, innovative computational frameworks grounded inmorphological/physical/natural computation can be used to explain the genesisof human-centered logic through the steps of naturalized logical processes atlower levels of organization. The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis of livingagents is essential for understanding the emergence of human-level logic andthe relationship between logic and information processing/computationalepistemology. We conclude that more research is needed to elucidate the detailsof the mechanisms linking natural phenomena with the logic of agency in nature.
这项工作考察了自然主义传统中逻辑、认识论和科学之间的相互联系。它提出了一个连接逻辑、数学、物理、化学、生物学和认知的方案,强调跨自然组织层的尺度不变、自组织动态。在信息交换的条件下,代理的内在逻辑存在于各个层次的自然过程中。它适用于人类、动物和人工代理。常见的以人类为中心的、基于自然语言的逻辑是由生物体进化而来的复杂逻辑的一个例子,它已经以最简单的形式出现在单细胞生物的基础认知水平上。因此,认知逻辑源于物理、化学和生物逻辑的进化。在具有自组织机构的计算自然框架中,基于形态/物理/自然计算的创新计算框架可以用来解释以人为中心的逻辑的起源,通过组织较低层次的自然逻辑过程的步骤。生命主体的扩展进化综合对于理解人类层面逻辑的出现以及逻辑与信息处理/计算认识论之间的关系至关重要。我们的结论是,需要更多的研究来阐明将自然现象与自然中的代理逻辑联系起来的机制的细节。
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引用次数: 0
Proceedings of the XII International Workshop on Locational Analysis and Related Problems 第十二届区位分析及相关问题国际研讨会论文集
Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: arxiv-2309.08337
Marta Baldomero-Naranjo, Víctor Blanco, Sergio García, Ricardo Gázquez, Jörg Kalcsics, Luisa I. Martínez-Merino, Juan M. Muñoz-Ocaña, Francisco Temprano, Alberto Torrejón
The International Workshop on Locational Analysis and Related Problems willtake place during September 7-8, 2023 in Edinburgh (United Kingdom). It isorganized by the Spanish Location Network and the Location Group GELOCA fromthe Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research (SEIO). The SpanishLocation Network is a group of more than 140 researchers from several Spanishuniversities organized into 7 thematic groups. The Network has been funded bythe Spanish Government since 2003. The current project is RED2022-134149-T. Oneof the main activities of the Network is a yearly meeting aimed at promotingthe communication among its members and between them and other researchers, andto contribute to the development of the location field and related problems. Asa proof of the internationalization of this research group, this will be thefirst time that the meeting is held out of Spain. The topics of interest arelocation analysis and related problems. This includes location models,networks, transportation, logistics, exact and heuristic solution methods, andcomputational geometry, among others.
地点分析及相关问题国际研讨会将于2023年9月7日至8日在英国爱丁堡举行。它由西班牙定位网络和西班牙统计与运筹学学会(SEIO)的定位小组GELOCA组织。西班牙定位网络由来自西班牙几所大学的140多名研究人员组成,分为7个专题小组。该网络自2003年以来一直由西班牙政府资助。当前项目为RED2022-134149-T。该网络的主要活动之一是每年举行一次会议,旨在促进其成员之间以及他们与其他研究人员之间的交流,并为定位领域和相关问题的发展做出贡献。作为这个研究小组国际化的证明,这将是第一次在西班牙以外的地方举行会议。主题利益再分配分析及相关问题。这包括位置模型、网络、运输、物流、精确和启发式解决方法,以及计算几何等。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
arXiv - CS - Other Computer Science
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