Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy最新文献

Disturbances in emotion regulation among opioid users receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) was reported in a few small studies. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of patients in MMT with impaired emotion regulation. We studied a cross-sectional sample of 121 patients by means of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Data on clinical, sociodemographic and addiction variables were reviewed, including results of random observed urine testing for opioids, alcohol, cocaine, cannabis, and benzodiazepine (BDZ). The prevalence of a high DERS score (> 90) was 39%. Characteristics associated with high DERS scores (logistic regression model) were benzodiazepine misuse and 20 years of opioid use before admission to MMT. Among the subscales, IMPULSE and STRATEGIES were independently related to substance use (logistic regression). Greater cocaine usage was also more prevalent only in univariate analyses. The DERS score correlated inversely with years of education among patients with negative urine test. The DERS subscale score for AWARENESS was lower in females than in males as among patients with suicide attempts or involvement in physical violence. Since the IMPULSE and STRATEGIES scores predict drug use, these aspects of emotional regulation should be targeted first in third-wave cognitive-behavioral intervention in MMT.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on psychological symptoms. The study group of this research consists of 240 participants who applied to a private health center in Beyoğlu District of Istanbul Province in the 2020–2021 academic year. A total of 240 participants, 60 in the EMDR Experiment group, 60 in the control group, 60 in the CBT Experiment group, and 60 in the control group were included in the study. In order to determine the sociodemographic information of the study group in the study, the personal information form developed by the researcher was used to measure the characteristics of the study group’s brief symptom inventory (SCL 90-R) study group. The study group consisted of 14 weekly sessions of 90 min each. All the results obtained from the homogeneity and normality tests performed for the brief symptom inventory and pre-test measurements of the individuals in the experimental and control groups were considered together, and it was decided that parametric tests could be used in the research and analyzes were made in the SPSS 25.00 program. As a result of the study, it was determined that there was a significant difference between the psychological symptom scores of the experimental group before and after EMDR and CBT (P < 0.001). Considering the effect size of EMDR method on psychological symptoms, Somatization Cohen’s d = 0.47, Obsessive Compulsive Cohen’s d = 0.54, Interpersonal Sensitivity Cohen’s d = 0.77, Depression Cohen’s d = 0.53, Anger, Hostility Cohen’s d = 0.57, Phobic Anxiety Cohen’s d = 0.78, Psychoticism Cohen’s d = 0.78 and Anxiety Cohen’s d = 0.95, when the effect power of the CBT method on psychological symptoms is taken into consideration, Somatization Cohen’s d = 0.36, Obsessive Compulsive Cohen’s d = 0.48, Interpersonal Sensitivity Cohen’s d = 0.43, Depression Cohen’s d = 0.42, Anger, Hostility Cohen’s d = 0.42, Phobic Anxiety Cohen’s d = 0.63, Psychoticism Cohen’s d = 0.49 and Anxiety Cohen’s d = 0.50, respectively. According to the results obtained in the study and the Cohen-d effect size, EMDR suggests that it has an advantage over CBT in reducing psychological symptoms. In this context, it is recommended to use EMDR in clinics to reduce psychological symptoms, and CBT to be used as a second therapy method or as a therapy method together. Despite these results, it was suggested that the study should be supported by different studies and repeated under all conditions.

The efficacy of CBT is now well-established, and CBT is recommended by multiple academic societies. However, not every patient responds well to CBT and little is known about the resistance factors of the therapy. This study aims to identify predictive factors of CBT success and failure and the techniques used by clinicians to overcome resistance. We recruited 43 French therapists (31 women) who filled out sociodemographic information and answered open questions related to the predictive factors of CBT and the way they overcome resistance in therapy. Thematic analysis was used to treat the data. Six themes related to the predictive factors were identified as follows, “Influence of motivation on the therapy”; “Influence of certain psychopathological processes”; “Influence of patient/therapist match”; “Certain psychopathological profiles are harder to treat”; “Influence of environmental and biological factors”; “Other factors of influence” and three themes related to the strategies to overcome resistance, namely “Adaptation of therapy content to overcome difficulties”, “Adaptation of the therapeutic framework”, “Environmental intervention to overcome the difficulties”. Multiple factors influence the success or the failure of CBT such as motivation, alliance, negative beliefs about the therapy or complex symptomatic profiles. Some solutions have already been identified by the therapists to overcome such difficulties. However, it would be useful to conduct further research on CBT resistance and ways to overcome it.

There is a common belief that experiencing stressful life events can lead to mental distress. However, we wanted to explore whether all individuals who encounter SLEs will also experience mental distress. Also, we were curious to explore the contribution of social and individual characteristics in the prediction of mental distress above or beyond SLEs. The current study investigated if rumination, extraversion, perceived social support, stressful life events, and neuroticism can predict levels of mental distress independently from one another. A sample of 183 university students was recruited, and questionnaires on neuroticism, extraversion, rumination, perceived social support, and stressful life events were completed. A regression analysis was conducted to test whether these variables can predict levels of mental distress. Not all participants who experienced stressful life events would experience mental distress. Also, regression analysis revealed that stressful life events, social support, neuroticism, and rumination all independently predicted levels of mental distress when controlling for age and levels of extraversion. The present study sheds light on how various internal factors, such as neuroticism and rumination, and external factors, such as stressful life events and social support, may and may not contribute to mental distress.

An individual’s disposition towards work is influenced by various factors, including cognitive perception of reality. The attitudes individuals hold towards work are not always based on rational thinking and are also influenced by personality traits. Current research findings suggest that personality traits predict irrational beliefs, which in turn lead to different forms of maladjustment. These personality traits, commonly referred to as the Dark Triad, encompass Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. These traits exhibit several shared characteristics with workaholism, a condition associated with irrational beliefs pertaining to work performance. This study aimed to explore the associations between irrational beliefs regarding work and the aversive personality traits. The results indicated a positive correlation between Machiavellianism and work-related irrational beliefs, particularly in relation to failure and control. Narcissism exhibited a positive association with co-workers’ approval. Psychopathy demonstrated a significant positive correlation with control and a negative correlation with performance demands. Regression models were employed to explain the variance in work-related irrational beliefs, ranging from 5.4 to 8.3%. This research builds upon previous studies that have examined workaholism, irrational beliefs, and personality traits, mostly Big Five. By linking the Dark Triad to specific irrational beliefs about work, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how detrimental personality traits can influence workplace dynamics and individual work attitudes, extending beyond the broader categories typically studied under the Big Five personality traits. This insight is valuable for developing targeted interventions to address and mitigate the impact of these traits in professional settings.

This study aimed to evaluate the possible mediating role of psychological flexibility in the association between fear of COVID-19, affective symptoms and well-being. 403 subjects were recruited; fear of COVID-19, psychological flexibility, affective symptoms and well-being were assessed via self-report measures. Correlation and mediation analyses were run. Psychological flexibility was found to play a mediating role in the association between fear of COVID-19 and more severe affective symptoms (adjusted R-squared = 52%, p < 0.001), and between fear of COVID-19 and poor well-being (adjusted R-squared = 41%, p < 0.001). Psychological flexibility may mitigate the negative impacts of fear of COVID-19 on affective symptoms and well-being Psychological flexibility could be the potential therapeutic target in clinical interventions aimed at reducing the adverse effects of fear of COVID-19 on mental health.

Revenge is a retaliatory behavior following a perceived harm to one’s well-being. It can take the form of passive aggression, verbal aggression, physical aggression, and extreme violence. In fact, revenge is related to homicides, school shootings, and bombings. Despite the need to understand revenge, there is a dearth of research examining its different components, thus making it difficult to prevent and treat. Even less is known about revenge among prisoners, which is especially concerning given their propensity for aggression. Much of the research on revenge focuses on undergraduate students and the general population. As such, it is important to understand vengeful experiences among prisoners. In this study, 184 participants were recruited from a federal prison in California to complete the trait anger scale, general questions about revenge, questions about incident reports, and a specific vengeful experience. In terms of the specific vengeful experience, participants answered questions about their triggers, cognitions during the event, what they did, their emotions prior to and after engaging in revenge, the intensity of their urges, and outcomes. Anger was the most frequent of the listed emotions experienced at the time of the provocation (69%), and demandingness was the most frequent irrational belief reported about the provocation (56.5%). Additionally, many participants reported positive, short-term outcomes after taking revenge, but reported negative long-term outcomes. Treatment implications for working with prisoners and revenge are discussed, including the importance of using a cost-benefit analysis and challenging demandingness.

The study aims to examine the role of perceived stress, social addiction, and negative emotions on procrastination among undergraduate students in Vietnam. The results among 1000 undergraduate students showed that perceived stress was positively associated with procrastination, social addiction, and negative emotions. In addition, students’ procrastination was positively and significantly influenced by both social addiction and negative emotions, which in turn substantially mediated the link between stress and procrastination. Moreover, the results revealed that students’ mindfulness moderated the influence of stress on both social addiction and negative emotions. This research offers significant contributions for academics and practitioners to lessen academic-related procrastination among undergraduate students.

In recent years, the excessive use of digital technologies has led to the emergence of digital addiction at earlier ages. However, studies explaining the causes of digital addiction are limited. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the links between maternal communication, paternal communication, and digital addiction, and whether these relationships were mediated by self-efficacy. It was also tested whether these links were moderated by gender. The data were collected from 601 middle school students aged 11–14 (61.7% girls, Mage = 12.23 SD = 1.03). The participants completed the Digital Addiction Scale for Children, Adolescent Family Process Measure, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Demographic Questionnaire. Study hypotheses were tested by structural equation modeling. Findings showed that paternal communication was directly associated with self-efficacy, and also indirectly with digital addiction, mediated by self-efficacy. However, maternal communication was only directly associated with digital addiction. Moderation tests by gender were significant. The indirect effect of maternal communication on digital addiction was significant only for girls. The results suggest that the development of programs that will support parents' communication with their children and increase children's self-efficacy may be beneficial in preventing digital addiction. The findings may also help mental health professionals to understand the effects of parent–child communication on children's digital addiction.

Recent years have witnessed increasing research interest in the collective impact of resilience, mindfulness, and self-compassion on individuals’ mental health. This longitudinal study examined the mediating effects of resilience approximately one year after the baseline assessment on baseline mindfulness, baseline self-compassion, and psychological distress approximately two years after the baseline assessment. The study involved 486 Japanese participants, surveyed at three different time points, spaced one year apart. Mediation analysis revealed two distinct pathways: (1) an indirect effect of mindfulness on psychological distress mediated by resilience, and (2) an indirect effect of self-compassion on psychological distress mediated by resilience. However, no statistically significant direct effects of mindfulness and self-compassion on psychological distress were observed. These findings suggest a fully mediated model for psychological distress with resilience serving as the mediator. The mediation model promotes mindfulness and self-compassion as practices that foster the expansion of psychological resources associated with resilience, such as attentional control and emotional regulation, ultimately leading to fewer psychological distress.