Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy最新文献

Abstract

Core self-evaluation (CSE) is a broad and latent trait which describes the fundamental appraisals made about one’s capabilities, competence and worth. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between CSE and emotional distress and to explore how mindfulness and rumination influence this relationship. Participants (N = 351) undertook an online survey consisting of four psychometric scales; Core Self-Evaluation Scale, Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire short form, Ruminative Response Scale short form, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Study results indicated that core self-evaluation was negatively associated with emotional distress and that this relationship was partially mediated by mindfulness and rumination. When global factors of mindfulness and rumination were used, mediation in series was not present. However, when mindfulness was substituted for its sub-factor of non-judging of inner experience and rumination was substituted for its sub-factor of brooding, mediation in series was present. Results also showed that core self-evaluation had a stronger influence on depression than anxiety or stress. It was concluded that targeting core self-evaluation in interventions is likely to have efficacy in prevention and treatment of emotional distress. Where core self-evaluation is resistant to change, targeting mindfulness or rumination may also have efficacy in prevention and treatment of emotional distress.

Abstract

This study aimed to test the validity of the psychological health model of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) in promoting mental well-being, with a particular focus on understanding the positive and adaptive emotional consequences of rational beliefs. A total of 542 participants (67.9% females), from diverse occupational backgrounds in Turkey, aged between 18 and 59 years completed questionnaires about rational beliefs and mental well-being. The findings indicate a positive relationship between rational beliefs and mental well-being. Specifically, non-awfulizing and unconditional self-acceptance beliefs mediate the relationship between preference beliefs and mental well-being. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the model of psychological health proposed by REBT, emphasizing the important role of specific rational beliefs in promoting mental well-being. The current findings provide important implications for practitioners who wish to integrate clinical psychology with positive psychology by emphasizing the importance of understanding the role of rational beliefs in the promotion of mental well-being.

This paper sought to investigate the validity of a mediation model, where we hypothesized that the four irrational evaluations postulated by the Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) theory (demandingness, awfulizing, low frustration tolerance, and global evaluation) would mediate the relationship between perceived risk of war and death anxiety. A sample of 158 Romanian participants completed online self-report measures, namely the Death Anxiety Scale, The Attitudes and Beliefs Scale, and the Risk Perception Scale. Mediation analyses were employed to assess the validity of the model. Results confirmed that the relationship between perceived risk and death anxiety is mediated by awfulizing and low frustration tolerance beliefs. The present research lends support to the REBT theory and puts forward a cognitive background to war-related distress.

Bedtime procrastination and while-in-bed procrastination is one of the important problems frequently encountered in adolescents. This study was carried out to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Bedtime Procrastination and While-in-Bed Procrastination Scales for adolescents. This methodological study was conducted with 348 adolescents aged 12–18 between March and April 2023. Cronbach’s alpha and omega coefficients were employed to test the psychometric properties, split-half and item-total correlation methods to test the reliability, and confirmatory factor analysis to test the construct validity of the scales. It was determined that the Bedtime Procrastination scale Cronbach’s alpha and omega coefficients of this scale were 0.93. The While-in-Bed Procrastination Scale Cronbach’s alpha value of this scale was 0.86, and the omega coefficient was 0.84. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, it was found that the fit indices of both scales were greater than 0.90 and that the RMSEA was less than 0.08. The Bedtime Procrastination and While-in-Bed Procrastination Scales for adolescents, whose Turkish psychometric properties were examined in this study, are valid and reliable measurement tools. These scales can be used to evaluate whether adolescents procrastinate going to bed and sleeping while in bed and what activities they are engaged in before going to sleep, to reduce inadequate sleep habits, and to develop sleep-focused education programs.

Many situations in life remain beyond an individual’s control. Despite this, little research has focused on individual differences in tolerance of uncontrollability. The purpose of the present study was to translate and validate a Persian version of the Tolerance of Uncontrollability Questionnaire (TOUQ). The scale was translated from English to Persian and administered to 441 Iranian Farsi-speaking participants from the general population (females = 65%; mean age = 26.26 years [SD ± 7.36]). The Persian version of the TOUQ demonstrated excellent reliability and internal validity. The structure of the TOUQ appeared to be unidimensional and invariant across males and females. The scale demonstrated divergence from intolerance of uncertainty (IU), worry, and psychological distress, and convergence with distress tolerance (DT) and satisfaction with life. The TOUQ assesses a unique construct, different from other related relevant concepts (IU and DT), and predicts variation in worry scores. The TOUQ is a valid and reliable instrument that can robustly assess tolerance of uncontrollability.

The university environment is considered an important context for young people to experience close relationships. In close relationships, beliefs, emotions, and behaviors are seen as determinants of a healthy relationship. According to the rational emotional behavioral approach, thoughts direct emotions and behaviors. In romantic relationships, the behavior of female not expressing their thoughts and feelings to maintain their relationship is defined as self-silencing. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to investigate the relationship between irrational romantic relationship beliefs, emotion regulation, and self-silencing and also examine the mediating role of emotion regulation. The participants of the research consisted of 430 female from a university. Personal ınformation form, ırrational romantic relationship beliefs scale, emotion regulation questionnaire, and silencing the self scale were utilized to female students. According to findings, positive relationship was found between irrational beliefs and self-silencing, and emotion regulation mediated the relationship between irrational beliefs and self-silencing. The findings were discussed in the context of dysfunctional romantic relationship thoughts and emotion regulation in raising the level of female students' self-silencing.

This paper analyzes the findings of a preliminary, controlled efficacy study conducted by the National Philosophical Counseling Association of a prominent modality of philosophical counseling, Logic-Based Therapy (LBT). In this study, the latter modality was compared to a mindfulness activity. The study included 20 caretakers randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The hypothesis investigated was that a one-hour LBT session is more effective in reducing the level of (state or trait) anxiety and/or depression in family caregivers than a one-hour mindfulness session. Utilizing data compiled from study participants’ responses to the State Trait Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-2), two-way mixed ANOVA tests on three variables (state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression (BDI-2) scores) were performed as well as paired analyses yielding the preliminary conclusion (pending a more extensive study) that LBT shows promise as an effective intervention for reducing state anxiety as compared to the control condition, the mindfulness activity.

Core self-evaluation (CSE) has demonstrated a role in emotional distress, with rumination and forgiveness mediating this. This paper aimed to extend on such research by exploring the relationships that CSE, rumination, and forgiveness have with state and trait anger, and with the expression and control of anger. Participants (N = 193) completed an online survey measuring CSE, rumination, forgiveness, and their experiences and expression of anger. The analysis demonstrated that CSE was negatively correlated with state anger, trait anger, outward expressions of anger, and internalised expressions of anger. It was positively correlated with efforts to control external demonstrations of anger and to internally control the experience of anger. Rumination and forgiveness were subsequently found to provide full and serial mediation of the relationships that CSE demonstrated with state anger, trait anger, and the internalised expression of anger. Only rumination mediated the relationship between CSE and the external expression of anger. Rumination did not directly influence the positive relationships between CSE and both forms of anger control. These findings provide further insight into the beliefs and cognitive processes that influence an individual’s experiences of anger, their expression of anger, and their efforts to control anger. They also have implications for how interventions targeting CSE, rumination, and forgiveness may be used in related treatment.

Low frustration tolerance is one of the key concepts in rational emotional behavior therapy (REBT). The purpose of this study is to explore the factorial structure, reliability, and validity of the Romanian version of the Frustration Discomfort Scale (FDS), developed by Harrington (Clin Psychol Psychother 12(5):374–387, 2005b. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.465), within a non-clinical sample (N = 308) of Romanian teachers. For validation purposes, participants also completed several measures such as the Unconditional Self-Acceptance Questionnaire (USAQ) (Chamberlain and Haaga in J Ration Emot Cogn Behav Ther 19(3):163–176, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011189416600), Attitudes and Belief Scale 2 (ABS2) (DiGiuseppe et al. J Ration Emot Cogn Behav Ther 36(1):47–79, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-017-0273-3), Teacher Irrational Belief Scale (TIBS) (Bernard Teacher irrationality and teacher stress, 24th international congress of psychology, Sydney, Australia, 1988), and Pupil Control Ideology Scale (PCI) (Willower et al. The school and pupil control, The Pennsylvania State University, 1967). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) suggests that the initial four-factor solution from the scale development study received similar support to the one-factor solution found in some previous studies. Patterns of correlations linking the FDS total sum score versus the FDS 4-factor scale scores with other variables provide some support for the one-factor solution, mainly because it is a more parsimonious solution. Differentiating between several subcomponents of FDS does not bring discriminant validity in our non-clinical sample. Based on current preliminary validation, the FDS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing frustration discomfort in a Romanian-speaking population as a single-factor construct. Our results do not exclude the possibility that future discriminant validity endeavors could support the utility of treating low frustration tolerance as a multidimensional construct since using a non-clinical sample is likely to impact the factorial structure of the FDS.

To determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) alone and in combination with physical interventions on pain, disability, quality of life, and psychological parameters in patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WADs). Several databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Pooled effects were analyzed as standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We assessed the evidence quality using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Of the 2287 studies identified, 8 were included in the review, of which, 7 were suitable for meta-analysis. We found moderate-quality evidence that CBT does not provide different degrees of short-term (6 RCTs; SMD, − 0.20; 95% CI, − 0.50 to 0.10) or long-term improvement in disability (3 RCTs; SMD, − 0.18; 95% CI, − 0.46 to 0.10) than is indicated by other types of intervention comparison. Subgroup analyses indicated low-quality evidence that CBT alone has a medium to large effect on short-term improvement in disability (2 RCTs; SMD, − 0.61; 95% CI, − 1.21 to − 0.01) compared with wait-and-see control. Additionally, we found moderate-quality evidence that CBT, combined with physical interventions, has a small effect on long-term improvement in disability (2 RCTs; SMD, − 0.29; 95% CI, − 0.53 to − 0.06) compared with advice alone. No differences were found for pain or long-term quality of life. The study found moderately favorable evidence of the combined effect of physical interventions and CBT against advice alone in long-term disability.