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The 18 May 2024 superbolide over the Iberian Peninsula: USG space sensors and ground-based independent observations 2024 年 5 月 18 日伊比利亚半岛上空的超级大暴雨:美国政府空间传感器和地面独立观测数据
Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: arxiv-2405.15024
Eloy Peña-Asensio, Pau Grèbol-Tomàs, Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez, Pablo Ramírez-Moreta, Rainer Kresken
On 18 May 2024, a superbolide traversed the western part of the IberianPeninsula, culminating its flight over the Atlantic Ocean and generatingsignificant media attention. This event was caused by a weak carbonaceousmeteoroid of 93.0$pm$0.8 cm, with a density of 1613$pm$12 kg,m$^{-3}$,entering the atmosphere at 40.1$pm$0.4 km,s$^{-1}$ with an angle of10.93$pm$0.02$^circ$. The luminous phase started at 137.88$pm$0.05 km andended at an altitude of 53.78$pm$0.07 km. The meteoroid's heliocentric orbitwas characterized by an inclination of 14.42$pm$0.23$^circ$, a higheccentricity of 0.950$pm$0.004, a semi-major axis of 2.31$pm$0.13 au, and anotably short perihelion distance of 0.116$pm$0.003 au. The superbolide wasrecorded by multiple ground-based stations of the Spanish Meteor Network(SPMN), the European Space Agency (ESA), and the U.S. Government (USG) spacesensors. Our analysis shows a good agreement with the radiant and velocity datareported by the Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS), with a deviationof 1.6$^circ$ and -0.4 km,s$^{-1}$, respectively. Due to the absence ofobservable deceleration, we successfully reconciled satellite radiometric datawith a purely dynamic atmospheric flight model, constraining the meteoroid'smass and coherently fitting its velocity profile.
2024 年 5 月 18 日,一颗超级流星横穿伊比利亚半岛西部,最终飞越大西洋,引起了媒体的极大关注。这次事件是由一颗93.0$pm$0.8厘米、密度为1613$pm$12千克/米^{-3}的弱碳质流星体引起的,它以40.1$pm$0.4千米/秒^{-1}的速度进入大气层,角度为10.93$pm$0.02$^circ$。发光阶段开始于 137.88$pm$0.05 km,结束于 53.78$pm$0.07 km 的高度。这颗流星体的日心轨道的特点是倾角为 14.42$pm$0.23$^circ$,偏心率为 0.950$pm$0.004,半长轴为 2.31$pm$0.13 au,近日点距离为 0.116$pm$0.003 au。西班牙流星网(SPMN)、欧洲空间局(ESA)和美国政府(USG)空间传感器的多个地面站都记录了这颗超巨星。我们的分析表明与近地天体研究中心(CNEOS)报告的辐射和速度数据有很好的一致性,偏差分别为 1.6$^circ$ 和 -0.4 km,s$^{-1}$ 。由于没有可观测到的减速现象,我们成功地将卫星辐射测量数据与纯动态大气飞行模型进行了协调,从而对流星体的质量进行了约束,并连贯地拟合了其速度曲线。
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引用次数: 0
Breaking news on last achievements on the definition of the black-body total internal energy 关于黑体总内能定义最新成果的即时新闻
Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: arxiv-2405.15806
Lino Reggiani, Eleonora Alfinito
The internal total-energy of the black-body is a physical quantity ofparamount importance in the development of modern physics. Accordingly,together with a brief historical development, we report and comment lastbreaking news (2018-2024) concerning the definition and properties of thisquantity. The first comment concerns with the inclusion of the Casimir energythat avoids the vacuum catastrophe implied by he presence of zero-point energy,thus leading to further quantum contributions associated with boundary effects.The second comment concerns with a semi-classical simulation of a onedimensional black-body whose results suggest a possible reconsideration on therole of classical physics on the quantum black-body.
黑体内部总能量是现代物理学发展中一个极其重要的物理量。因此,在简要介绍历史发展的同时,我们报告并评论了有关这一量子的定义和特性的最新爆炸性新闻(2018-2024)。第一条评论涉及卡西米尔能的加入,它避免了零点能的存在所隐含的真空灾难,从而导致与边界效应相关的进一步量子贡献。第二条评论涉及对一维黑体的半经典模拟,其结果表明有可能重新考虑经典物理学在量子黑体中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Introducing the Exoplanet Escape Factor and the Fishbowl Worlds (Two conceptual tools for the search of extra terrestrial civilizations) 介绍系外行星逃逸因子和鱼缸世界(寻找地外文明的两个概念工具)
Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: arxiv-2405.08018
Elio Quiroga Rodriguez
The search for extraterrestrial intelligence on exoplanets is a rich field ofconceptual exploration. Author introduces two definitions that could help tonarrow down the possibilities that an extraterrestrial civilization may or maynot have initiated exploration of its own star system and beyond. It isconcluded that in some cases certain extraterrestrial civilizations may not beable to leave their home worlds to biological extinction, purely because ofphysical limitations.
在系外行星上寻找地外智慧生物是一个内容丰富的概念探索领域。作者介绍了两个定义,有助于缩小地外文明可能或不可能开始探索自己的恒星系统及其以外的可能性。作者认为,在某些情况下,某些地外文明可能无法离开自己的母星而走向生物灭绝,这完全是因为物理上的限制。
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引用次数: 0
Quantum Error Correction for Kids 儿童量子纠错
Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: arxiv-2405.06795
Richard A. Wolf
No one should wait until college to get acquainted with core concepts ofquantum information. Given the human bias of favouring the familiar over theunknown, early exposure to concepts of quantum information helps learners buildstronger appetence for the field, as well as allowing them to develop anintuitive approach to it. In this work, I present an intuitive gamifiedapproach to one of the core concepts in quantum error correction: thestabiliser formalism.
没有人应该等到上大学时才熟悉量子信息的核心概念。鉴于人类偏好熟悉而非未知的事物,及早接触量子信息的概念有助于学习者对该领域产生更强烈的兴趣,并让他们形成一种直观的方法。在这项工作中,我提出了一种直观的游戏化方法,用于量子纠错的核心概念之一:稳定器形式主义。
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引用次数: 0
Demystifying Arrow of Time 解密时间之箭
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: arxiv-2405.15796
Zura Kakushadze
Scientific discussions of the arrow of time often get quite confusing due tohighly complex systems they deal with. Popular literature then often coveysmessages that tend to get lost in translation. The purpose of this note is todemystify the arrow of time by stripping off the unnecessary complexities andthereby simplifying the discussion. We do this by providing examples that areexactly solvable and make it easy to see the root cause of the apparent"time-irreversibility". We also discuss "time-reversal" solutions, where theinitial state evolves such that it reaches the state which is the same as theinitial state moving backward in time. These solutions are simple enough to becomprehensible to a highschooler. We discuss the arrow of time both in theclassical and quantum settings, including in the cosmological context.
由于时间之箭所涉及的系统极为复杂,关于时间之箭的科学讨论常常令人困惑。而通俗文学作品中的信息也往往会在翻译过程中丢失。本说明的目的是通过剥离不必要的复杂性,从而简化讨论,使时间之箭变得通俗易懂。为此,我们提供了一些确切可解的例子,让我们很容易就能看到表面上的 "时间可逆性 "的根本原因。我们还讨论了 "时间逆转 "解,即初始状态发展到与初始状态在时间上向后移动相同的状态。这些解法非常简单,高中生也能理解。我们讨论了经典和量子背景下的时间之箭,包括宇宙学背景下的时间之箭。
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引用次数: 0
Chirality in rotating nuclei 旋转原子核的手性
Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: arxiv-2405.05986
S. Frauendorf
The article explains on a non-expert level how triaxial rotating nuclei mayattain a chiral structure.
文章从非专业角度解释了三轴旋转原子核如何获得手性结构。
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引用次数: 0
Detectability of Solar Panels as a Technosignature 作为技术特征的太阳能电池板的可探测性
Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: arxiv-2405.04560
Ravi Kopparapu, Vincent Kofman, Jacob Haqq-Misra, Vivaswan Kopparapu, Manasvi Lingam
In this work, we assess the potential detectability of solar panels made ofsilicon on an Earth-like exoplanet as a potential technosignature.Silicon-based photovoltaic cells have high reflectance in the UV-VIS and in thenear-IR, within the wavelength range of a space-based flagship mission conceptlike the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO). Assuming that only solar energy isused to provide the 2022 human energy needs with a land cover of ~2.4%, andprojecting the future energy demand assuming various growth-rate scenarios, weassess the detectability with an 8 m HWO-like telescope. Assuming the mostfavorable viewing orientation, and focusing on the strong absorption edge inthe ultraviolet-to-visible (0.34 - 0.52 um), we find that several 100s of hoursof observation time is needed to reach a SNR of 5 for an Earth-like planetaround a Sun-like star at 10pc, even with a solar panel coverage of ~23% landcoverage of a future Earth. We discuss the necessity of concepts like KardeshevType I/II civilizations and Dyson spheres, which would aim to harness vastamounts of energy. Even with much larger populations than today, the totalenergy use of human civilization would be orders of magnitude below thethreshold for causing direct thermal heating or reaching the scale of aKardashev Type I civilization. Any extraterrrestrial civilization that likewiseachieves sustainable population levels may also find a limit on its need toexpand, which suggests that a galaxy-spanning civilization as imagined in theFermi paradox may not exist.
硅基光伏电池在紫外-可见光和近红外波段具有高反射率,在宜居世界观测站(HWO)等天基旗舰任务概念的波长范围内。假定在土地覆盖率约为 2.4% 的情况下,仅使用太阳能来满足 2022 年人类的能源需求,并在假定各种增长率情况下预测未来的能源需求,我们评估了类似 HWO 的 8 米望远镜的可探测性。假定最有利的观测方向,并关注紫外线到可见光(0.34 - 0.52 um)的强吸收边缘,我们发现,即使太阳能电池板覆盖了未来地球约 23% 的土地覆盖率,要使 10 pc 处类太阳恒星周围的类地行星的信噪比达到 5,也需要数百小时的观测时间。我们讨论了卡德谢夫I/II型文明和戴森球等概念的必要性,这些概念旨在利用大量的能量。即使人口数量比今天多得多,人类文明的能源使用总量也会在数量级上低于导致直接热加热或达到卡德谢夫 I 型文明规模的阈值。任何地外文明,如果同样达到了可持续的人口水平,也可能会发现其扩张需求的极限,这表明费米悖论中想象的跨越星系的文明可能并不存在。
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引用次数: 0
Did the Big Bang and cosmic inflation really happen? (A tale of alternative cosmological models) 宇宙大爆炸和宇宙膨胀真的发生了吗?(另类宇宙学模型的故事)
Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: arxiv-2404.18503
Marcin Postolak
A popular science article designed to introduce people familiar with basiccosmological nomenclature with models alternative to cosmological inflation.The paper briefly discusses the modern view of the Big Bang model, inflation(both its advantages and potential deficiencies). This is followed by adiscussion of historical alternative models and modern approaches such asmatter bounce, ekpyrotic Universe, Conformal Cyclic Cosmology, Hartle-Hawkingstate and loop quantum cosmology. The final aspect of the paper is to presentthe advantages and potential problems associated with alternative models and topresent the conceptual challenges associated with the uniqueness of cosmologyas a specific domain of physics.
这是一篇科普文章,旨在向熟悉基本宇宙学术语的人介绍宇宙学暴胀模型的替代模型。文章简要讨论了大爆炸模型的现代观点--暴胀(包括其优点和潜在不足)。随后讨论了历史上的替代模型和现代方法,如物质反弹、ε宇宙、共形环宇宙学、哈特尔-霍金状态和环量子宇宙学。论文的最后一个方面是介绍与替代模型相关的优势和潜在问题,并提出与宇宙学作为物理学的一个特定领域的独特性相关的概念挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Reflections on the denialism of the Earth's curvature based on the general public participation in the collective reproduction of Eratosthenes' experiment 基于公众参与埃拉托斯特尼实验的集体再现对否认地球曲率的思考
Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: arxiv-2404.12202
Karen Luz Burgoa Rosso, José Alberto Casto Nogales Vera, Ana Eliza Ferreira Alvim Silva
In this paper, we propose the replication of scientific experiments, with theparticipation of the general public, as one of the possible strategies toconfront science deniers. Using the social media of the Federal University ofLavras (UFLA), the project entitled : The Magic of Physics and the Universe,invited the public to reproduce the experiment carried out by the GreekEratosthenes over 2,100 years ago, which he proved that the Earth is spherical.We present a report of this experience to suggest that it is possible forcitizens to experience scientific knowledge and observe the phenomena in asimple way, in order to develop a critical interpretation of false informationthat circulates in society. This proposal distinctively geeks to deconstructthe denial of the Earth's curvature through direct and collective participationof citizens in Eratosthenes' experiment, which permit more reflection on howthe scientific method used to study this subject works.
在本文中,我们建议在公众的参与下复制科学实验,以此作为对抗科学否认者的可能策略之一。利用拉夫拉斯联邦大学(UFLA)的社交媒体,名为 "物理与宇宙的魔力 "的项目邀请公众重现 2100 多年前希腊人埃拉托色尼(Eratosthenes)所做的实验,他证明了地球是球形的。我们介绍了这一经验的报告,以表明公民有可能以简单的方式体验科学知识和观察现象,从而对社会上流传的虚假信息形成批判性的解释。这项建议通过公民直接和集体参与埃拉托斯特尼的实验,解构了对地球曲率的否认,从而使人们能够更多地思考用于研究这一主题的科学方法是如何运作的。
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引用次数: 0
Thermographic study of freezing water drops: An insight on Mpemba effect 冰冻水滴的热成像研究:对姆彭巴效应的认识
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: arxiv-2404.11684
Argelia Balbuena Ortega, Emiliano Hernández-Figueroa, J. Antonio del Río
Despite decades of research, the Mpemba Effect challenges scientists,prompting further investigation and refinement of existing hypotheses. Thiswork uses optical tools such as thermography to analyze and study the Mpembaeffect on drops. We analyze times and contact angle changes with temperaturewith an easily controlled experiment. This work contributes to the ongoingdiscourse surrounding the Mpemba Effect, emphasizing the need forinterdisciplinary collaboration and experimental rigor to unravel thecomplexities of this intriguing phenomenon. A deeper understanding of theMpemba Effect enhances our knowledge of thermodynamics and fluid dynamics andopens avenues for practical applications in fields such as cryopreservation,meteorology, and materials science.
尽管经过数十年的研究,姆彭巴效应仍对科学家提出了挑战,促使他们进一步调查和完善现有的假设。本研究利用热成像等光学工具来分析和研究滴上的姆彭巴效应。我们通过一个易于控制的实验来分析时间和接触角随温度的变化。这项研究为目前围绕姆彭巴效应的讨论做出了贡献,强调了跨学科合作和严谨实验的必要性,以揭开这一有趣现象的复杂性。加深对姆彭巴效应的理解可以增强我们对热力学和流体动力学的认识,并为低温保存、气象学和材料科学等领域的实际应用开辟道路。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics
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