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Space Station Rotational Stability 空间站旋转稳定性
Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: arxiv-2408.00155
David W. Jensen
Designing for rotational stability can dramatically affect the geometry of aspace station. If improperly designed, the rotating station could end upcatastrophically tumbling end-over-end. Active stabilization can address thisproblem; however, designing the station with passive rotation stabilityprovides a lower-cost solution. This paper presents passive rotationalstability guidelines for four space station geometries. Station stability isfirst analyzed with thin-shell and thick-shell models. Stability is alsoanalyzed with models of the station's major constituent parts, including outershells, spokes, floors, air, and shuttle bays.
设计旋转稳定性会极大地影响空间站的几何形状。如果设计不当,旋转站最终可能会发生端部翻滚的灾难性后果。主动稳定可以解决这个问题;然而,设计具有被动旋转稳定性的空间站可以提供成本更低的解决方案。本文介绍了四种空间站几何结构的被动旋转稳定性指南。首先使用薄壳和厚壳模型分析了空间站的稳定性。同时还分析了空间站主要组成部件模型的稳定性,包括外壳、辐条、地板、空气和航天飞机舱。
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引用次数: 0
A simple numerical model of the water bottle flipping experiment 水瓶翻转实验的简单数值模型
Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: arxiv-2407.20627
Julie NassoyLP2N, CRPP, Margot Nguyen HuuLP2N, CRPP, Léon RembotteLP2N, CRPP, Jean-Baptiste TrebbiaLP2N, Pierre NassoyLP2N
The water bottle flip experiment is a recreational, non-conventionalillustration of the conservation of angular moment. When a bottle partiallyfilled with water is thrown in a rotational motion, water redistributesthroughout the bottle, resulting in an increase of moment of inertia and thusto a decrease in angular velocity, which increases the probability of itfalling upright on a table as compared with a bottle filled with ice. Theinvestigation of this phenomenom is accessible to undergraduate students andshould allow them to gain better understanding of combined translational androtational motions in classical mechanics. In addition to reporting a series ofdetailed experiments and analyzing them using standard image analysis, weprovide a simple theoretical framework and subsequent numerical implementationbased on the decomposition of the water volume into thin slices of a rigid bodythat are subjected to fictitious forces in the non-inertial frame of thespinning bottle. This model allows us to capture quantitatively the mainexperimental findings, including the angular velocity slow-down for a givenrange of water filling fractions. Finally, we discuss additionnalcounter-intuitive effects that contribute to bottle stabilization on landing.
水瓶翻转实验是对角矩守恒的一种非传统的娱乐性说明。当部分装满水的瓶子在旋转运动中被抛出时,水在瓶子中重新分布,导致惯性矩增大,角速度减小,与装满冰块的瓶子相比,增加了瓶子直立倒在桌子上的概率。对这一现象的研究是本科生可以接受的,应该能让他们更好地理解经典力学中的平移和旋转联合运动。除了报告一系列详细的实验并使用标准图像分析方法对其进行分析之外,我们还提供了一个简单的理论框架和随后的数值实现,其基础是将水体积分解为在旋转瓶子的非惯性框架中受到虚力作用的刚体薄片。这个模型使我们能够定量地捕捉到主要的实验结果,包括给定水填充分数范围内的角速度减慢。最后,我们讨论了有助于瓶子着陆时稳定的其他反直觉效应。
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引用次数: 0
Communicating the gravitational-wave discoveries of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration 传播 LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA 协作组的引力波发现
Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: arxiv-2407.18638
Hannah Middleton, Christopher P L Berry, Nicolas Arnaud, David Blair, Jacqueline Bondell, Nicolas Bonne, Debarati Chatterjee, Sylvain Chaty, Storm Colloms, Lynn Cominsky, Livia Conti, Isabel Cordero-Carrión, Robert Coyne, Zoheyr Doctor, Andreas Freise, Aaron Geller, Jen Gupta, Daniel Holz, William Katzman, David Keitel, Joey Shapiro Key, Nutsinee Kijbunchoo, Carl Knox, Coleman Krawczyk, Ryan N Lang, Shane L Larson, Chris North, Sascha Rieger, Aurore Simonnet, Andrew Spencer
The LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) Collaboration has made breakthrough discoveries ingravitational-wave astronomy, a new field of astronomy that provides adifferent means of observing our Universe. Gravitational-wave discoveries arepossible thanks to the work of thousands of people from across the globeworking together. In this article, we discuss the range of engagementactivities used to communicate LVK gravitational-wave discoveries and thestories of the people behind the science using the activities surrounding therelease of the third Gravitational Wave Transient Catalog as a case study.
LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA(LVK)合作组织在引力波天文学方面取得了突破性的发现,这是一个新的天文学领域,为观测我们的宇宙提供了不同的手段。引力波的发现之所以成为可能,要归功于全球成千上万人的共同努力。在这篇文章中,我们以发布第三期《引力波瞬态目录》的相关活动为案例,讨论了用于传播 LVK 引力波发现的一系列参与活动,以及科学背后的人们的故事。
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引用次数: 0
Can nuclear energy contribute to the energy transition? 核能能否促进能源转型?
Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: arxiv-2407.13325
Axel Kleidon, Harald Lesch
In the course of the energy transition, energy generation from nuclear power- through nuclear fission and perhaps in the future through nuclear fusion - isoften proposed as an alternative or supplement to renewable energy sources.There are already good reasons why electricity generation from nuclear energyis significantly more expensive than other forms of generation, whileincreasing dryness as a result of climate change is generally calling intoquestion the reliability of thermal power plants. Nuclear energy is thereforeunlikely to play a role in a future energy supply that relies on low costs andreliability.
在能源转型过程中,核能发电--通过核裂变,或许将来还能通过核聚变--经常被提议作为可再生能源的替代品或补充能源。因此,核能不太可能在依赖低成本和可靠性的未来能源供应中发挥作用。
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引用次数: 0
Speed-accuracy tradeoff and its effect in the game of cricket: predictive modeling from statistical mechanics perspective 板球比赛中的速度-精度权衡及其影响:从统计力学角度建立预测模型
Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: arxiv-2407.02548
Mohd Suhail Rizvi
The speed-accuracy tradeoffs are prevalent in a wide range of physicalsystems. In this paper, we demonstrate speed-accuracy tradeoffs in the game ofcricket, where 'batters' score runs on the balls bowled by the 'bowlers'. It isshown that the run scoring rate by a batter and the probability of dismissalfollow a power-law relation. Due to availability of extensive data, game ofcricket is an excellent model for the study of the effect of speed-accuracytradeoff on the overall performance of the system. It is shown that theexponent of the power-law governs the nature of the adaptability of the playerin different conditions and can be used for their assessment. Further, it isdemonstrated that the players with extreme values of the power-law exponent arebetter suited for different playing conditions as compared to the ones withmoderate values. These findings can be utilized to identify the potential ofthe cricket players for different game formats and can further help teammanagement in devising strategies for the best outcomes with a given set ofplayers.
速度-精度权衡在各种物理系统中普遍存在。在本文中,我们展示了在木球比赛中速度与精度的权衡。在木球比赛中,"击球手 "通过 "保龄球手 "投出的球得分。结果表明,击球手的得分率与被解雇的概率之间存在幂律关系。由于可以获得大量数据,板球比赛是研究速度-精确度折衷对系统整体性能影响的绝佳模型。研究表明,幂律的指数决定了球员在不同条件下的适应性,并可用于对其进行评估。此外,研究还证明,与中等数值的球员相比,幂律指数为极端数值的球员更适合不同的比赛条件。这些研究结果可用于确定板球运动员在不同比赛形式下的潜力,并进一步帮助球队管理部门制定战略,使特定球员组合取得最佳结果。
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引用次数: 0
On the relative packing densities of pistachios and pistachio shells 关于开心果和开心果壳的相对堆积密度
Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: arxiv-2406.18386
Ruben Zakine, Michael Benzaquen
Given an appetizer bowl full of $N$ pistachios, what is the optimal size ofthe container -- neither too small, nor too big -- needed for accommodating theresulting $2N$ non-edible pistachio shells? Performing a simple experiment wefind that, provided the shells are densely packed, such container needs only beslightly more than half ($approx 0.57$) that of the original pistachio bowl.If loosely packed this number increases to $approx 0.73$. Our results arediscussed in light of existing literature on packing ellipsoids and sphericalcaps.
给定一个装满 $N$ 开心果的开胃碗,那么需要多大的容器来容纳所产生的 $N$ 不可食用的开心果壳呢?通过一个简单的实验,我们发现,如果开心果壳挤得很密实,那么这种容器只需要比原来的开心果碗多一半(大约 0.57 美元)就够了。如果挤得很松散,这个数字就会增加到大约 0.73 美元。我们将根据现有的椭圆体和球形盖包装文献来讨论我们的结果。
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引用次数: 0
In Memoriam: Peter Higgs (1929-2024) 悼念彼得-希格斯(1929-2024)
Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: arxiv-2406.15706
Wolfgang Bietenholz, José Antonio García-Hernández
Peter Higgs was a British theoretical physicist, famous for his workpublished in 1964, where he proposed a mechanism that can generate masses forelementary particles, while respecting gauge invariance. Half a century later,two experiments at CERN confirmed that this mechanism is realized in nature. OnApril 8th, we received the sad news of the passing of the great pioneer ofelementary particle physics. This article is dedicated to his memory, and tothe mechanism and particle that bear his name. -- Peter Higgs fue un f'isico te'orico brit'anico, famoso por su trabajo de1964 donde propuso un mecanismo que puede generar masas para part'iculaselementales, conforme a la simetr'ia de norma. Medio siglo m'as tarde, dosexperimentos del CERN confirmaron que este mecanismo est'a realizado en lanaturaleza. El 8 de abril nos lleg'o la triste noticia del fallecimiento delgran pionero de la fisica de part'iculas elementales. Este art'iculo esdedicado a su memoria, as'i como al mecanismo y a la part'icula que llevan sunombre.
彼得-希格斯(Peter Higgs)是英国理论物理学家,因其在 1964 年发表的著作而闻名,他在著作中提出了一种能够产生基本粒子质量的机制,同时又尊重量规不变性。半个世纪后,欧洲核子研究中心的两项实验证实,这一机制在自然界中得以实现。4 月 8 日,我们收到了这位伟大的基本粒子物理学先驱逝世的噩耗。这篇文章献给他,以及以他的名字命名的机制和粒子。-- 彼得-希格斯(Peter Higgs)是一位伟大的物理学家,因其1964年的研究而闻名于世,他提出了一种机制,可以产生大量的粒子,符合规范。不久前,欧洲核子研究中心的剂量实验证实,这种机制可以在自然界中实现。4月8日,我们收到了关于这位元素物理学先驱罹难的不幸消息。他的死给我们留下了深刻的记忆,也给我们留下了他的工作方式和他所领导的自然科学的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Herbert Dingle and "Science at the Crossroads" 赫伯特-丁格尔与 "十字路口上的科学"
Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: arxiv-2407.13697
Taha Sochi
In this article we pay tribute to Herbert Dingle for his early call tore-assess special relativity from philosophical and logical perspectives.However, we disagree with Dingle about a number of issues particularly hisfailure to distinguish between the scientific essence of special relativity (asrepresented by the experimentally-supported Lorentz transformations and theirformal implications and consequences which we call "the mechanics of Lorentztransformations") and the logically inconsistent interpretation of Einstein(which is largely based on the philosophical and epistemological views ofPoincare). We also disagree with him about his manner and attitude which headopted in his campaign against special relativity although we generally agreewith him about the necessity of impartiality of the scientific community andthe scientific press towards scientific theories and opinions as well as thenecessity of total respect to the ethics of science and the rules of moralconduct in general.
在这篇文章中,我们向赫伯特-丁格尔(Herbert Dingle)致敬,因为他很早就呼吁从哲学和逻辑的角度重新评估狭义相对论。然而,我们在许多问题上与丁格尔意见相左,特别是他未能区分狭义相对论的科学本质(由实验支持的洛伦兹变换及其形式含义和后果所代表,我们称之为 "洛伦兹变换力学")与爱因斯坦逻辑上不一致的解释(主要基于平卡雷的哲学和认识论观点)。我们也不同意他在反对狭义相对论的运动中所采取的方式和态度,尽管我们总体上同意他的观点,即科学界和科学新闻界必须公正地对待科学理论和观点,以及必须完全尊重科学伦理和一般道德行为规则。
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引用次数: 0
A Model for Economic Freedom on Mars 火星上的经济自由模式
Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: arxiv-2406.10380
Jacob Haqq-Misra
The momentum of human spaceflight initiatives continues to build toward Mars,and technological advances may eventually enable the potential for permanentspace settlement. Aspirations for sustaining human life in space must bepredicated on human factors, rather than technological constraints alone, andadvances in models of governance and ethics are necessary as human civilizationbecomes a spacefaring species. This paper presents an idealistic but feasiblemodel for economic freedom on Mars, which is situated within a framework inwhich Mars has been designated as a sovereign juridical peer to Earth. Undersuch conditions, Mars could maintain monetary stability through full reservebanking and a restriction on exchange with any fractional reserve Earthcurrencies, with a volume of circulating currency that changes based on thetotal population within fixed capacity infrastructure. Mars could maintainlong-term political stability by diffusing the ownership of capital on Mars,which would allow all citizens of Mars to draw sufficient wealth from acombination of capital ownership and labor to live a good life. This modelcould also support limited tourism on Mars, in which real goods are exchangedfor services but currency transactions between planets are prohibited. Thismodel demonstrates the potential for a viable and sustainable economy on Marsthat could conceivably be implemented, including on a sovereign Mars but alsoin other scenarios of space settlement. More broadly, this model illustratesthat ideas such as diffuse capital ownership and limited government can enablefreedom in space, and numerous models beyond a centralized world space agencyshould be explored to ensure the optimal governance of the emerging spaceeconomy.
载人航天飞行倡议的势头继续朝着火星方向发展,技术进步最终可能使永久空间定居成为可能。维持人类太空生活的愿望必须以人的因素为前提,而不仅仅是技术限制,随着人类文明成为航天物种,治理和伦理模式的进步是必要的。本文提出了一个理想化但可行的火星经济自由模式,该模式的框架是火星被指定为地球的主权司法对等国。在这样的条件下,火星可以通过全储备银行制和限制与任何部分储备地球货币的兑换来维持货币稳定,流通货币量根据固定容量基础设施内的总人口而变化。火星可以通过分散火星上的资本所有权来维持长期的政治稳定,这将使所有火星公民都能从资本所有权和劳动的结合中获取足够的财富,过上美好的生活。这种模式还可以支持火星上有限的旅游业,用实物交换服务,但禁止星球之间的货币交易。这一模式展示了在火星上建立可行且可持续的经济的潜力,可以想象,这种经济不仅可以在主权火星上实施,还可以在其他太空定居方案中实施。更广泛地说,这个模型说明,分散资本所有权和有限政府等理念可以实现太空自由,应探索中央世界太空机构之外的多种模式,以确保对新兴太空经济的最佳治理。
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引用次数: 0
What You Shouldn't Know About Quantum Computers 你不应该知道的量子计算机知识
Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: arxiv-2405.15838
Chris Ferrie
Whether you're a CEO strategizing the future of your company, a techenthusiast debating your next career move, a high school teacher eager toenlighten your students, or simply tired of the relentless quantum hype, thisis crafted just for you. Cutting through the complex jargon to deliver thestraight facts on quantum computing, peeling away the layers of mystique toreveal the true potential and limitations of this groundbreaking technology.Prepare to have your misconceptions challenged, and your understanding deepenedin this clear-eyed view of the quantum future, written to inform and inspirereaders across the spectrum of curiosity and need.
无论您是正在为公司的未来制定战略的首席执行官,还是正在考虑下一步职业发展的技术爱好者,抑或是渴望启发学生的高中教师,或者只是厌倦了无休止的量子炒作,这本书都是为您量身打造的。准备好让您的错误观念受到挑战,并加深您对量子未来的理解吧!这本书以清晰的视角描绘了量子未来,旨在为不同好奇心和需求的读者提供信息和灵感。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics
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