The problem of finding the frequencies of small longitudinal oscillations of a spring having a finite mass and stiffness, attached at one end to a wall and at the other end to a body of finite mass, is discussed. This problem was repeatedly proposed at Olympiads for schoolchildren, in various lessons on the Internet, and even on tests in mechanics for students of universities. In all the cases known to me, the implied solution was actually wrong. I discuss two cases: (A) a spring lies on a smooth table, (B) a spring is attached to the ceiling. It is shown that the solution to this simply formulated problem is non-trivial.
{"title":"Non-trivial solution to a simple problem","authors":"A. I. Milstein","doi":"arxiv-2405.00050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.00050","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of finding the frequencies of small longitudinal oscillations of\u0000a spring having a finite mass and stiffness, attached at one end to a wall and\u0000at the other end to a body of finite mass, is discussed. This problem was\u0000repeatedly proposed at Olympiads for schoolchildren, in various lessons on the\u0000Internet, and even on tests in mechanics for students of universities. In all\u0000the cases known to me, the implied solution was actually wrong. I discuss two\u0000cases: (A) a spring lies on a smooth table, (B) a spring is attached to the\u0000ceiling. It is shown that the solution to this simply formulated problem is\u0000non-trivial.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140836356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer J. Abreu, Alyxander R. Anchordoqui, Nyamekye J. Fosu, Michael G. Kwakye, Danijela Kyriakakis, Krystal Reynoso, Luis A. Anchordoqui
Millimeter-waveband spectra of Venus from both the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) provide conclusive evidence (signal-to-noise ratio of about $15sigma$) of a phosphine absorption-line profile against the thermal background from deeper, hotter layers of the atmosphere. Phosphine is an important biomarker; e.g., the trace of phosphine in the Earth's atmosphere is uniquivocally associated with anthropogenic activity and microbial life (which produces this highly reducing gas even in an overall oxidizing environment). Motivated by the JCMT and ALMA tantalizing observations we reexamine whether Venus could accommodate Earthly life. More concretly, we hypothesize that the microorganisms populating the venusian atmosphere are not free floating but confined to the liquid environment inside cloud aerosols or droplets. Armed with this hypothesis, we generalize a study of airborne germ transmission to constrain the maximum size of droplets that could be floating in the venusian atmosphere and estimate whether their Stokes fallout times to reach moderately high temperatures are pronouncedly larger than the microbe's replication time. We also comment on the effect of cosmic ray showers on the evolution of aerial microbial life.
詹姆斯-克拉克-麦克斯韦望远镜（JCMT）和阿塔卡马大型毫米波/亚毫米波阵列（ALMA）拍摄的金星毫米波波段光谱提供了确凿的证据（信噪比约为15美元/西格玛元），证明在来自大气中更深、更热的层的热背景下存在膦吸收线轮廓。磷化氢是一种重要的生物标志物；例如，地球大气中的磷化氢痕量与人类活动和微生物生命（即使在总体氧化环境中也会产生这种高还原性气体）有着独特的联系。受 JCMT 和 ALMA 奇妙观测的启发，我们重新审视了金星是否可以容纳地球生命。更具体地说，我们假设金星大气中的微生物不是自由漂浮的，而是被限制在云气溶胶或液滴内部的液体环境中。有了这一假设，我们将对空气传播细菌的研究推广到对可能漂浮在金星大气中的液滴的最大尺寸的限制，并估计它们达到中等高温的斯托克斯落尘时间是否明显大于微生物的复制时间。我们还评论了宇宙射线雨对空中微生物生命进化的影响。
{"title":"Necessary Conditions for Earthly Life Floating in the Venusian Atmosphere","authors":"Jennifer J. Abreu, Alyxander R. Anchordoqui, Nyamekye J. Fosu, Michael G. Kwakye, Danijela Kyriakakis, Krystal Reynoso, Luis A. Anchordoqui","doi":"arxiv-2404.05356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.05356","url":null,"abstract":"Millimeter-waveband spectra of Venus from both the James Clerk Maxwell\u0000Telescope (JCMT) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)\u0000provide conclusive evidence (signal-to-noise ratio of about $15sigma$) of a\u0000phosphine absorption-line profile against the thermal background from deeper,\u0000hotter layers of the atmosphere. Phosphine is an important biomarker; e.g., the\u0000trace of phosphine in the Earth's atmosphere is uniquivocally associated with\u0000anthropogenic activity and microbial life (which produces this highly reducing\u0000gas even in an overall oxidizing environment). Motivated by the JCMT and ALMA\u0000tantalizing observations we reexamine whether Venus could accommodate Earthly\u0000life. More concretly, we hypothesize that the microorganisms populating the\u0000venusian atmosphere are not free floating but confined to the liquid\u0000environment inside cloud aerosols or droplets. Armed with this hypothesis, we\u0000generalize a study of airborne germ transmission to constrain the maximum size\u0000of droplets that could be floating in the venusian atmosphere and estimate\u0000whether their Stokes fallout times to reach moderately high temperatures are\u0000pronouncedly larger than the microbe's replication time. We also comment on the\u0000effect of cosmic ray showers on the evolution of aerial microbial life.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"300 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140599590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the hypothesis that the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), culminating in the emergence of Artificial Superintelligence (ASI), could act as a "Great Filter" that is responsible for the scarcity of advanced technological civilisations in the universe. It is proposed that such a filter emerges before these civilisations can develop a stable, multiplanetary existence, suggesting the typical longevity (L) of a technical civilization is less than 200 years. Such estimates for L, when applied to optimistic versions of the Drake equation, are consistent with the null results obtained by recent SETI surveys, and other efforts to detect various technosignatures across the electromagnetic spectrum. Through the lens of SETI, we reflect on humanity's current technological trajectory - the modest projections for L suggested here, underscore the critical need to quickly establish regulatory frameworks for AI development on Earth and the advancement of a multiplanetary society to mitigate against such existential threats. The persistence of intelligent and conscious life in the universe could hinge on the timely and effective implementation of such international regulatory measures and technological endeavours.
本研究探讨了这样一种假设，即人工智能（AI）的快速发展，最终导致人工超级智能（ASI）的出现，这可能是造成宇宙中先进技术文明稀缺的 "大过滤器"。有人提出，在这些文明能够发展出稳定的多行星存在之前，这种过滤器就已经出现了，这表明技术文明的典型寿命（L）不到 200 年。当把这种对 L 的估计应用于乐观版本的德雷克方程时，与最近的 SETI 勘测和其他在电磁频谱范围内探测各种技术信号的努力所获得的空结果是一致的。通过 SETI 的视角，我们反思了人类目前的技术发展轨迹--这里提出的 L 模式预测，强调了迅速建立地球人工智能发展监管框架和推进多行星社会发展的迫切需要，以减轻这种生存威胁。宇宙中是否存在有意识的智能生命，可能取决于能否及时有效地实施此类国际监管措施和技术努力。
{"title":"Is Artificial Intelligence the great filter that makes advanced technical civilisations rare in the universe?","authors":"Michael Garrett","doi":"arxiv-2405.00042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.00042","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the hypothesis that the rapid development of Artificial\u0000Intelligence (AI), culminating in the emergence of Artificial Superintelligence\u0000(ASI), could act as a \"Great Filter\" that is responsible for the scarcity of\u0000advanced technological civilisations in the universe. It is proposed that such\u0000a filter emerges before these civilisations can develop a stable,\u0000multiplanetary existence, suggesting the typical longevity (L) of a technical\u0000civilization is less than 200 years. Such estimates for L, when applied to\u0000optimistic versions of the Drake equation, are consistent with the null results\u0000obtained by recent SETI surveys, and other efforts to detect various\u0000technosignatures across the electromagnetic spectrum. Through the lens of SETI,\u0000we reflect on humanity's current technological trajectory - the modest\u0000projections for L suggested here, underscore the critical need to quickly\u0000establish regulatory frameworks for AI development on Earth and the advancement\u0000of a multiplanetary society to mitigate against such existential threats. The\u0000persistence of intelligent and conscious life in the universe could hinge on\u0000the timely and effective implementation of such international regulatory\u0000measures and technological endeavours.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140836351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We discuss the possibility of enhancing intelligent life searches toward the Galactic center. From the clockwork orbital motions of stars around the Sgr A${}^*$ black hole, we can determine the distance to the Galactic center at an exceptional accuracy, despite its remoteness $sim 8.3$kpc. In addition, we can define precise reference epochs by selecting a prominent object such as the bright B-type star S2. These properties have a particular affinity for the coordinated signaling scheme which was hypothesized by Seto (2019) for systematically connecting intentional senders to searchers without a prior communication. If S2 is actually being used as a common reference clock, we can compress the search directions around the Galactic center by more than two orders of magnitude, with the scanning interval of $sim16$yr.
{"title":"A proposal for enhancing technosignature search toward the Galactic center","authors":"Naoki Seto","doi":"arxiv-2404.00840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.00840","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss the possibility of enhancing intelligent life searches toward the\u0000Galactic center. From the clockwork orbital motions of stars around the Sgr\u0000A${}^*$ black hole, we can determine the distance to the Galactic center at an\u0000exceptional accuracy, despite its remoteness $sim 8.3$kpc. In addition, we can\u0000define precise reference epochs by selecting a prominent object such as the\u0000bright B-type star S2. These properties have a particular affinity for the\u0000coordinated signaling scheme which was hypothesized by Seto (2019) for\u0000systematically connecting intentional senders to searchers without a prior\u0000communication. If S2 is actually being used as a common reference clock, we can\u0000compress the search directions around the Galactic center by more than two\u0000orders of magnitude, with the scanning interval of $sim16$yr.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"244 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140599560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Milky Way's name and role in ancient Egyptian culture remain unclear. One suggestion is that the Milky Way may have been a celestial depiction of the sky goddess Nut. In this work, I test this association using an interdisciplinary approach. In the first part of this paper, I combine astronomical simulations of the ancient Egyptian night sky with primary Egyptian sources to map the goddess Nut onto the Milky Way. With her head and groin firmly associated by primary texts with the western and eastern horizons, respectively, I argue that the summer and winter orientations of the Milky Way could be construed as figurative markers of Nut's torso (or backbone) and her arms, respectively. In the second part of this paper, I situate Nut within the global, multicultural mythology of the Milky Way. Specifically, I show that Nut's roles in the afterlife and the autumn bird migration are consistent with similar roles attributed to the Milky Way by other cultures. Finally, I show that Nut's identification with the Milky Way may even have echoes in contemporary African conceptions of the Galaxy.
{"title":"The ancient Egyptian personification of the Milky Way as the Sky Goddess Nut: an astronomical and cross-cultural analysis","authors":"Or Graur","doi":"arxiv-2404.01458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.01458","url":null,"abstract":"The Milky Way's name and role in ancient Egyptian culture remain unclear. One\u0000suggestion is that the Milky Way may have been a celestial depiction of the sky\u0000goddess Nut. In this work, I test this association using an interdisciplinary\u0000approach. In the first part of this paper, I combine astronomical simulations\u0000of the ancient Egyptian night sky with primary Egyptian sources to map the\u0000goddess Nut onto the Milky Way. With her head and groin firmly associated by\u0000primary texts with the western and eastern horizons, respectively, I argue that\u0000the summer and winter orientations of the Milky Way could be construed as\u0000figurative markers of Nut's torso (or backbone) and her arms, respectively. In\u0000the second part of this paper, I situate Nut within the global, multicultural\u0000mythology of the Milky Way. Specifically, I show that Nut's roles in the\u0000afterlife and the autumn bird migration are consistent with similar roles\u0000attributed to the Milky Way by other cultures. Finally, I show that Nut's\u0000identification with the Milky Way may even have echoes in contemporary African\u0000conceptions of the Galaxy.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140599588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Jesina, M. Harrison, H. Andras-Letanovszky, D. Krug, A. Golinkin, B. Kohn, T. Brown, A. Rose, P. Chiploonkar
We present an analysis on Physics Club's supremacy over the Astronomy Club at the University of Arizona. Through a thorough investigation of each club's history and content, and subsequent diligent calculations, we have proven without a doubt that the Physics Club is superior to Astronomy Club.
{"title":"On the Superiority of the University of Arizona's Physics Club","authors":"E. Jesina, M. Harrison, H. Andras-Letanovszky, D. Krug, A. Golinkin, B. Kohn, T. Brown, A. Rose, P. Chiploonkar","doi":"arxiv-2404.00975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.00975","url":null,"abstract":"We present an analysis on Physics Club's supremacy over the Astronomy Club at\u0000the University of Arizona. Through a thorough investigation of each club's\u0000history and content, and subsequent diligent calculations, we have proven\u0000without a doubt that the Physics Club is superior to Astronomy Club.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"2010 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140599610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a new standard acronym for Active Galactic Nuclei, finally settling the argument of AGN vs. AGNs. Our new standard is not only etymologically superior (following the consensus set by SNe), but also boasts other linguistic opportunities, connecting strongly with relevant theology and streamlining descriptions of AGN properties.
{"title":"I'm in AGNi: A new standard for AGN pluralisation","authors":"Andrew D. Gow, Peter Clark, Dan Rycanowski","doi":"arxiv-2403.20302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2403.20302","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new standard acronym for Active Galactic Nuclei, finally\u0000settling the argument of AGN vs. AGNs. Our new standard is not only\u0000etymologically superior (following the consensus set by SNe), but also boasts\u0000other linguistic opportunities, connecting strongly with relevant theology and\u0000streamlining descriptions of AGN properties.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140599608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Total Solar Eclipse (TSE) is a shocking and sublime experience. In just a week hundreds of millions of Homo Sapiens will attempt to see the 2024 eclipse as it stretches across the North American continent. However, while Homo Sapiens may be uniquely positioned to understand and predict eclipses, they are not the only species capable of observing them. The precise alignment of the Moon, Earth and Sun all existed well before humans. In the same way we share this planet capable of hosting life, the fantastic astronomical experiences available on it are not exclusive either. We present a framework to calculate the number of Total Solar Eclipses experienced by a species at any point in Earth's history. This includes factoring in the evolution of the Sun-Moon-Earth system, the duration the species is extant, and average population. We normalize over the geographic range by calculating an Astronomical World Eclipse Surface cOverage MEtric (AWESOME) time. To illustrate this framework we look at the case study of the family Limulidae (Horseshoe Crabs) and estimate the number of individuals that have seen an eclipse. We compare it to the number of current Homo Sapiens that view eclipses, and predict if it is possible for another species to take the ''top'' spot before the final total solar eclipse in ~ 380 million years.
{"title":"Species Syzygy: Which Animal Has Seen the Most Total Solar Eclipses?","authors":"Mark Popinchalk","doi":"arxiv-2403.20175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2403.20175","url":null,"abstract":"A Total Solar Eclipse (TSE) is a shocking and sublime experience. In just a\u0000week hundreds of millions of Homo Sapiens will attempt to see the 2024 eclipse\u0000as it stretches across the North American continent. However, while Homo\u0000Sapiens may be uniquely positioned to understand and predict eclipses, they are\u0000not the only species capable of observing them. The precise alignment of the\u0000Moon, Earth and Sun all existed well before humans. In the same way we share\u0000this planet capable of hosting life, the fantastic astronomical experiences\u0000available on it are not exclusive either. We present a framework to calculate\u0000the number of Total Solar Eclipses experienced by a species at any point in\u0000Earth's history. This includes factoring in the evolution of the Sun-Moon-Earth\u0000system, the duration the species is extant, and average population. We\u0000normalize over the geographic range by calculating an Astronomical World\u0000Eclipse Surface cOverage MEtric (AWESOME) time. To illustrate this framework we\u0000look at the case study of the family Limulidae (Horseshoe Crabs) and estimate\u0000the number of individuals that have seen an eclipse. We compare it to the\u0000number of current Homo Sapiens that view eclipses, and predict if it is\u0000possible for another species to take the ''top'' spot before the final total\u0000solar eclipse in ~ 380 million years.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140599558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The number of planets in the solar system over the last three centuries has, perhaps surprisingly, been less of a fixed value than one would think it should be. In this paper, we look at the specific case of Vulcan, which was both a planet before Pluto was a planet and discarded from being a planet before Pluto was downgraded. We examine the historical context that led to its discovery in the 19th century, the decades of observations that were taken of it, and its eventual fall from glory. By applying a more modern understanding of astrophysics, we provide multiple mechanisms that may have changed the orbit of Vulcan sufficiently that it would have been outside the footprint of early 20th century searches for it. Finally, we discuss how the April 8, 2024 eclipse provides a renewed opportunity to rediscover this lost planet after more than a century of having been overlooked.
{"title":"Vulcan: Retreading a Tired Hypothesis with the 2024 Total Solar Eclipse","authors":"Michael B. Lund","doi":"arxiv-2403.20281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2403.20281","url":null,"abstract":"The number of planets in the solar system over the last three centuries has,\u0000perhaps surprisingly, been less of a fixed value than one would think it should\u0000be. In this paper, we look at the specific case of Vulcan, which was both a\u0000planet before Pluto was a planet and discarded from being a planet before Pluto\u0000was downgraded. We examine the historical context that led to its discovery in\u0000the 19th century, the decades of observations that were taken of it, and its\u0000eventual fall from glory. By applying a more modern understanding of\u0000astrophysics, we provide multiple mechanisms that may have changed the orbit of\u0000Vulcan sufficiently that it would have been outside the footprint of early 20th\u0000century searches for it. Finally, we discuss how the April 8, 2024 eclipse\u0000provides a renewed opportunity to rediscover this lost planet after more than a\u0000century of having been overlooked.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140599899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Different levels of expertise in playing darts can be well described simply by the likeliness of a player to really hit the field he is aiming for. We characterise this ability by introducing a spread to hit the targeted field whose width scales inversely with the players skill and determine which field to aim for to find the highest expectation value for the score depending on the players' proficiency.
{"title":"Maximum Expected Reward Line If Non Specialist -- Law (for darts)","authors":"Merlin Füllgraf, Jochen Gemmer","doi":"arxiv-2403.20060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2403.20060","url":null,"abstract":"Different levels of expertise in playing darts can be well described simply\u0000by the likeliness of a player to really hit the field he is aiming for. We\u0000characterise this ability by introducing a spread to hit the targeted field\u0000whose width scales inversely with the players skill and determine which field\u0000to aim for to find the highest expectation value for the score depending on the\u0000players' proficiency.","PeriodicalId":501348,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Popular Physics","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140599586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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