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Attochaos I: The classically chaotic postcursor of high harmonic generation Attochaos I:高次谐波产生的经典混沌后现代
Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: arxiv-2405.05804
Jonathan Berkheim, David J. Tannor
Attosecond physics provides unique insights into light-matter interaction onultrafast time scales. Its core phenomenon, High Harmonic Generation (HHG), isoften described by a classical recollision model, the simple-man or three-stepmodel, where the atomic potential is disregarded. Many features are alreadywell explained using this model; however, the simplicity of the model does notallow the possibility of classical chaotic motion. We show that beyond thismodel, classical chaotic motion does exist albeit on timescales that aregenerally longer than the first recollision time. Chaos is analyzed using toolsfrom the theory of dynamical systems, such as Lyapunov exponents andstroboscopic maps. The calculations are done for a one-dimensional Coulombpotential subjected to a linearly polarized electric field.
阿秒物理学为超快时间尺度上的光物质相互作用提供了独特的见解。其核心现象--高次谐波发生(HHG),通常用经典的再碰撞模型--简单人或三步模型--来描述,其中原子势被忽略。这一模型已经很好地解释了许多特征;然而,模型的简单性并不允许经典混沌运动的可能性。我们的研究表明,在这一模型之外,经典混沌运动确实存在,尽管其时间尺度一般长于第一次再碰撞时间。我们使用动力学系统理论中的工具,如 Lyapunov 指数和频闪图,对混沌进行了分析。计算是针对受线性极化电场作用的一维库仑势进行的。
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引用次数: 0
Classical Acceleration Temperature (CAT) in a Box 盒装经典加速度温度 (CAT)
Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: arxiv-2405.04553
Ahsan Mujtaba, Maksat Temirkhan, Yen Chin Ong, Michael R. R. Good
A confined, slow-moving, accelerating electron is shown to emit thermalradiation. Since laboratories face spatial constraints when dealing withrectilinear motion, focusing on a finite total travel distance combines thebenefits of simple theoretical analysis with prospects for table-topexperimentation. We demonstrate an accelerated moving charge along anasymptotically static worldline with fixed transit distance and slow maximumspeed, emitting self-consistent analytic power, spectra, and energy. Theclassical radiation is Planck distributed with an associated accelerationtemperature. This is the first fully parametrized, spectrum-solved,finite-distance worldline.
实验证明,一个封闭的、缓慢运动的加速电子会发出热辐射。由于实验室在处理直线运动时面临空间限制,因此将重点放在有限的总移动距离上,既能获得简单理论分析的好处,又能实现桌面实验的前景。我们展示了一个沿着具有固定移动距离和缓慢最大速度的近似静态世界线加速运动的电荷,它能发射自洽的分析功率、光谱和能量。经典辐射是普朗克分布的,具有相关的加速温度。这是第一条完全参数化、频谱求解的有限距离世界线。
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引用次数: 0
Fully Reversing the Shoebox Image Source Method: From Impulse Responses to Room Parameters 完全逆转鞋盒图像源方法:从脉冲响应到房间参数
Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: arxiv-2405.03385
Tom SprunckIRMA, Antoine DeleforgeIRMA, Yannick PrivatIECL, SPHINX, IUF, Cédric FoyUMRAE, Cerema Direction Est
We present an algorithm that fully reverses the shoebox image source method(ISM), a popular and widely used room impulse response (RIR) simulator forcuboid rooms introduced by Allen and Berkley in 1979. More precisely, given adiscrete multichannel RIR generated by the shoebox ISM for a microphone arrayof known geometry, the algorithm reliably recovers the 18 input parameters.These are the 3D source position, the 3 dimensions of the room, the6-degrees-of-freedom room translation and orientation, and an absorptioncoefficient for each of the 6 room boundaries. The approach builds on arecently proposed gridless image source localization technique combined withnew procedures for room axes recovery and first-order-reflectionidentification. Extensive simulated experiments reveal that near-exact recoveryof all parameters is achieved for a 32-element, 8.4-cm-wide sphericalmicrophone array and a sampling rate of 16~kHz using fully randomized inputparameters within rooms of size 2X2X2 to 10X10X5 meters. Estimation errorsdecay towards zero when increasing the array size and sampling rate. The methodis also shown to strongly outperform a known baseline, and its ability toextrapolate RIRs at new positions is demonstrated. Crucially, the approach isstrictly limited to low-passed discrete RIRs simulated using the vanillashoebox ISM. Nonetheless, it represents to our knowledge the first algorithmicdemonstration that this difficult inverse problem is in-principle fullysolvable over a wide range of configurations.
我们提出了一种完全逆转鞋盒图像声源法(ISM)的算法,鞋盒图像声源法是艾伦和伯克利于 1979 年推出的一种流行且广泛使用的立方体房间脉冲响应(RIR)模拟器。更准确地说,在给定鞋盒 ISM 为已知几何形状的麦克风阵列生成的离散多通道 RIR 后,该算法能可靠地恢复 18 个输入参数,包括三维声源位置、房间的三个维度、6 自由度房间平移和方向,以及 6 个房间边界中每个边界的吸收系数。该方法基于最近提出的无网格图像声源定位技术,并结合了新的房间轴恢复和一阶反射识别程序。广泛的模拟实验表明,在大小为 2X2X2 至 10X10X5 米的房间内,使用完全随机化的输入参数,在 32 元、8.4 厘米宽的球形麦克风阵列和 16~kHz 采样率条件下,可以近乎精确地恢复所有参数。当阵列尺寸和采样率增大时,估计误差趋于零。该方法的性能也大大优于已知基线,并证明了其在新位置推断 RIR 的能力。最重要的是,该方法严格限制于使用 vanillashoebox ISM 模拟的低通离散 RIR。尽管如此,据我们所知,它首次从算法上证明了这个困难的逆问题原则上完全可以在广泛的配置范围内解决。
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引用次数: 0
Stochastic Dissipative Euler's equations for a free body 自由体的随机耗散欧拉方程
Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: arxiv-2404.16613
J. A. de la Torre, J. Sánchez-Rodríguez, Pep Español
Intrinsic thermal fluctuations within a real solid challenge the rigid bodyassumption that is central to Euler's equations for the motion of a free body.Recently, we have introduced a dissipative and stochastic version of Euler'sequations in a thermodynamically consistent way (European Journal of Mechanics- A/Solids 103, 105184 (2024)). This framework describes the evolution of bothorientation and shape of a free body, incorporating internal thermalfluctuations and their concomitant dissipative mechanisms. In the present work,we demonstrate that, in the absence of angular momentum, the theory predictsthat principal axis unit vectors of a body undergo an anisotropic Brownianmotion on the unit sphere, with the anisotropy arising from the body's varyingmoments of inertia. The resulting equilibrium time correlation function of theprincipal eigenvectors decays exponentially. This theoretical prediction isconfirmed in molecular dynamics simulations of small bodies. The comparison oftheory and equilibrium MD simulations allow us to measure the orientationaldiffusion tensor. We then use this information in the Stochastic DissipativeEuler's Equations, to describe a non-equilibrium situation of a body spinningaround the unstable intermediate axis. The agreement between theory andsimulations is excellent, offering a validation of the theoretical framework.
最近,我们以热力学一致的方式引入了欧拉方程的耗散和随机版本(《欧洲力学杂志-固体》103,105184 (2024))。这一框架描述了自由体的方向和形状的演变,其中包含内部热波动及其伴随的耗散机制。在本研究中,我们证明了在没有角动量的情况下,该理论预测物体的主轴单位矢量在单位球面上会发生各向异性的布朗运动,其各向异性源于物体不断变化的惯性矩。由此产生的主要特征向量的平衡时间相关函数呈指数衰减。这一理论预测在小体的分子动力学模拟中得到了证实。通过理论与平衡 MD 模拟的比较,我们可以测量取向扩散张量。然后,我们利用随机耗散欧拉方程中的这一信息,描述了围绕不稳定中间轴旋转的物体的非平衡状态。理论与模拟之间的一致性非常好,为理论框架提供了验证。
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引用次数: 0
Nonlinear dynamics of a hanging string with a freely pivoting attached mass 带有自由转动附着质量的悬挂绳的非线性动力学
Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: arxiv-2404.16531
Filip Novkoski, Jules Fillette, Chi-Tuong Pham, Eric Falcon
We show that the natural resonant frequency of a suspended flexible string issignificantly modified (by one order of magnitude) by adding a freely pivotingattached mass at its lower end. This articulated system then exhibits complexnonlinear dynamics such as bending oscillations, similar to those of a swingbecoming slack, thereby strongly modifying the system resonance that is foundto be controlled by the length of the pivoting mass. The dynamics isexperimentally studied using a remote and noninvasive magnetic parametricforcing. To do so, a permanent magnet is suspended by a flexible string above avertically oscillating conductive plate. Harmonic and period-doublinginstabilities are experimentally reported and are modeled using the Hillequation, leading to analytical solutions that accurately describe theexperimentally observed tonguelike instability curves.
我们的研究表明,在一根悬挂的柔性弦的下端添加一个可自由转动的附着质量后,其自然共振频率会发生显著变化(变化幅度为一个数量级)。然后,这个铰接系统会表现出复杂的非线性动力学特性,如弯曲振荡,类似于挥杆松弛时的振荡,从而极大地改变了系统共振,而系统共振是由枢轴质量的长度控制的。利用远程非侵入式磁参量增强技术对该动力学进行了实验研究。为此,用一根柔性绳索将永久磁铁悬挂在垂直振荡的导电板上。实验报告了谐波不稳定性和周期加倍不稳定性,并使用希尔方程对其进行了建模,从而得出了能准确描述实验观察到的舌状不稳定性曲线的解析解。
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引用次数: 0
A general multi-wave quasi-resonance theory for lattice energy diffusion 晶格能量扩散的一般多波准共振理论
Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: arxiv-2404.15147
Wei Lin, Weicheng Fu, Zhen Wang, Yong Zhang, Hong Zhao
In this letter, a multi-wave quasi-resonance framework is established toanalyze energy diffusion in classical lattices, uncovering that it isfundamentally determined by the characteristics of eigenmodes. Namely, based onthe presence and the absence of extended modes, lattices fall into twouniversality classes with qualitatively different thermalization behavior. Inparticular, we find that while the one with extended modes can be thermalizedunder arbitrarily weak perturbations in the thermodynamic limit, the otherclass can be thermalized only when perturbations exceed a certain threshold,revealing for the first time the possibility that a lattice cannot bethermalized, violating the hypothesis of statistical mechanics. Our studyaddresses conclusively the renowned Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou problem for largesystems under weak perturbations, underscoring the pivotal roles of bothextended and localized modes in facilitating energy diffusion andthermalization processes.
在这封信中,我们建立了一个多波准共振框架来分析经典晶格中的能量扩散,发现能量扩散从根本上说是由特征模的特性决定的。也就是说,根据扩展模的存在和不存在,晶格可分为两个普遍性类别,其热化行为有着本质的区别。特别是,我们发现在热力学极限下,有扩展模的晶格可以在任意弱的扰动下热化,而另一类晶格只有在扰动超过一定阈值时才能热化,这首次揭示了晶格不能热化的可能性,违反了统计力学的假设。我们的研究最终解决了著名的弱扰动下大型系统的费米-帕斯塔-乌兰-钦古(Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou)问题,强调了扩展模式和局部模式在促进能量扩散和热化过程中的关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal sizing of 1D vibrating columns accounting for axial compression and self-weight 考虑轴向压缩和自重的一维振动柱的优化设计
Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: arxiv-2404.15536
Federico Ferrari
We investigate the effect of axial compression on the optimal design ofcolumns, for the maximization of the fundamental vibration frequency. Thecompression may be due to a force at the columns' tip or to a load distributedalong its axis, which may act either independently or simultaneously. Wediscuss the influence of these contributions on the optimality conditions, andshow how the optimal beam design, and the corresponding frequency gaindrastically change with the level of compression. We also discuss the indirecteffect of frequency optimization on the critical load factors for the tip($lambda_{P}$) and distributed ($lambda_{Q}$) loads. Finally, we provide somequantitative results for the optimal design problem parametrized by the triple($lambda_{P}$, $lambda_{Q}$, $Omega^{2}$) of buckling and dynamiceigenvalues.
我们研究了轴向压缩对柱子优化设计的影响,以实现基振频率的最大化。轴向压缩可能是由于柱顶端的力,也可能是由于沿柱子轴向分布的荷载,它们可能单独作用,也可能同时作用。我们讨论了这些作用对优化条件的影响,并展示了最佳梁设计和相应的频率增益如何随着压缩程度的变化而发生剧烈变化。我们还讨论了频率优化对尖端($lambda_{P}$)和分布式($lambda_{Q}$)载荷的临界载荷系数的间接影响。最后,我们提供了以三重($lambda_{P}$, $lambda_{Q}$, $Omega^{2}$)屈曲和动力学特征值为参数的优化设计问题的一些定量结果。
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引用次数: 0
Eclectic Notes on Uncertainty, Information, and Classical Dynamics 关于不确定性、信息和经典动力学的折衷笔记
Pub Date : 2024-04-21 DOI: arxiv-2404.13511
Sagar Chakraborty
Information is everywhere in nature which is very uncertain andunpredictable. But information, in itself, is a very ambiguous term. In thiscursory write-up, we attempt to understand the formal meaning of information byquantifying uncertainty and discuss how it naturally appears in two core topicsof classical physics -- classical mechanics and statistical mechanics. In theprocess, we witness how the concepts of the information theory render a uniqueviewpoint in physics. Except for the presentation of the material, the authorclaims no originality; however, the responsibility of every inadvertent errorlies entirely with the author.
信息在大自然中无处不在,而大自然是非常不确定和不可预测的。但信息本身是一个非常模糊的术语。在这篇短文中,我们试图通过量化不确定性来理解信息的形式含义,并讨论它如何自然地出现在经典物理学的两个核心课题--经典力学和统计力学中。在此过程中,我们见证了信息论的概念如何在物理学中呈现出独特的视角。除了对材料的表述,作者并不声称自己具有独创性;但是,每一个不经意的错误都由作者承担全部责任。
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引用次数: 0
Point-Charge Models and Averages for Electromagnetic Quantities Considered in Two Relativistic Inertial Frames 两个相对论惯性系中考虑的电磁量的点电荷模型和平均值
Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: arxiv-2404.10129
Timothy H. Boyer
Electromagnetic quantities at a spacetime point have tensor Lorentztransformations between relatively-moving inertial frames. However, since theLorentz transformation of time between inertial frames depends upon both thetime and space coordinates, averages of electrodynamic quantities at a singletime will in general depend upon the inertial frame, and will differ betweeninertial frames. Here we illustrate how the use of continuous charge andcurrent distributions rather than point-charge distributions can lead tophysically mystifying and even inaccurate results for electromagneticquantities and physical phenomena. The discrepancy noted between the averageelectric field values in different inertial frames is particularly strikingbecause it is first order in the relative velocity between the frames.
在相对运动的惯性框架之间,时空点上的电磁量会发生张量洛伦兹变换。然而,由于惯性框架之间的时间洛伦兹变换取决于时间坐标和空间坐标,因此单个时间的电动量平均值一般取决于惯性框架,并且在不同惯性框架之间会有所不同。在此,我们将说明使用连续电荷和电流分布而非点电荷分布如何会导致电磁量和物理现象的物理神秘性,甚至导致不准确的结果。不同惯性框架下的平均电场值之间的差异尤为突出,因为它是框架间相对速度的一阶。
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引用次数: 0
Seashell-inspired polarization-sensitive tonotopic metasensor 受贝壳启发的偏振敏感声调元传感器
Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: arxiv-2404.07529
Y. Liu, V. F. Dal Poggetto, A. S. Gliozzi, N. M. Pugno, F. Bosia, M. Tortello
Bioinspiration has widely been demonstrated to be a powerful approach for thedesign of innovative structures and devices. Recently, this concept has beenextended to the field of elasticity, dynamics, and metamaterials. In thispaper, we propose a seashell-inspired metasensor that can simultaneouslyperform spatial frequency mapping and act as a polarizer. The structure emergesfrom a universal parametric design that encompasses diverse spiral geometrieswith varying circular cross sections and curvature radii, all leading totonotopic behavior. Adoption of an optimization process leads to a planargeometry that enables us to simultaneously achieve tonotopy for orthogonallypolarized modes, leading to the possibility to control polarization as well asthe spatial distribution of frequency maxima along the spiral axis. Wedemonstrate the versatility of the device and discuss the possible applicationsin the field of acoustics and sensing.
生物灵感已被广泛证明是设计创新结构和装置的有力方法。最近,这一概念已扩展到弹性、动力学和超材料领域。在本文中,我们提出了一种受贝壳启发的超传感器,它可以同时执行空间频率映射并充当偏振器。该结构源于一种通用参数设计,它包含多种具有不同圆形截面和曲率半径的螺旋几何结构,所有这些都会导致同位行为。通过优化过程,我们得到了一种平面几何形状,它使我们能够同时实现正交极化模式的同调,从而有可能控制极化以及沿螺旋轴的频率最大值的空间分布。我们展示了该装置的多功能性,并讨论了其在声学和传感领域的可能应用。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
arXiv - PHYS - Classical Physics
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