Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.30.24312811
Paul C. Adamson, Hao T. M. Bui, Loc Q Pham, Le Minh Giang, Jeffrey D. Klausner
Background Data on Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections within HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are limited. Our study reports the prevalence, anatomical distribution, and correlates of NG and CT infections within an HIV PrEP program in Hanoi, Vietnam.
背景有关中低收入国家（LMICs）艾滋病暴露前预防（PrEP）项目中淋病奈瑟菌（NG）和沙眼衣原体（CT）感染的数据十分有限。我们的研究报告了越南河内一项艾滋病暴露前预防项目中 NG 和 CT 感染的流行率、解剖分布和相关性。
{"title":"Routine Testing for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections within an HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Program in Hanoi, Vietnam: Implications for Low- and Middle-Income Countries","authors":"Paul C. Adamson, Hao T. M. Bui, Loc Q Pham, Le Minh Giang, Jeffrey D. Klausner","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.30.24312811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.30.24312811","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> Data on <em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</em> (NG) and <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> (CT) infections within HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are limited. Our study reports the prevalence, anatomical distribution, and correlates of NG and CT infections within an HIV PrEP program in Hanoi, Vietnam.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.30.24312781
Doris Parada, Andrea Wirtz, Rafael Olarte, Magaly Pedraza, Bert Hoffmann, Merike Blofield
Humanitarian crises and resulting out-migration have created contexts in which treatable diseases such as syphilis have expanded in prevalence. Untreated syphilis can have potentially irreversible and devastating consequences, especially for infants born with congenital syphilis. Our study aimed to understand the experiences of postpartum mothers whose newborns have been diagnosed with congenital syphilis and explore the social determinants of maternal and congenital syphilis. The setting of our study is the main public hospital in Cúcuta, Colombia, at the border with Venezuela, which provides emergency care to everyone regardless of documentation and thus receives a high share of Venezuelan migrants. We conducted twenty in-depth interviews with women who had their newborns hospitalized with a diagnosis of congenital syphilis. Sampling was conducted purposively at the hospital, between March and June 2023. Study participants were mostly Venezuelan migrants and Colombian returnees, from their teens to their forties. We used a grounded theory technique to conduct thematic analysis. Four major themes emerged: 1) experiencing a pregnancy in the context of a lack of resources, violence and ignorance; 2) guilt with and reinfection of syphilis; 3) challenges and limitations in accessing health care; and 4) limited support networks and machismo. Reported challenges were intertwined with the high costs of health care in the country of origin, the lack of knowledge of sexually transmitted infections, the limited public health education targeting this population group, and the absence of Colombian public policies that promote care for the non-regularized migrant population.
{"title":"The social determinants of maternal and congenital syphilis at the Colombia-Venezuela border: A qualitative study of twenty mothers of newborns with congenital syphilis","authors":"Doris Parada, Andrea Wirtz, Rafael Olarte, Magaly Pedraza, Bert Hoffmann, Merike Blofield","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.30.24312781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.30.24312781","url":null,"abstract":"Humanitarian crises and resulting out-migration have created contexts in which treatable diseases such as syphilis have expanded in prevalence. Untreated syphilis can have potentially irreversible and devastating consequences, especially for infants born with congenital syphilis. Our study aimed to understand the experiences of postpartum mothers whose newborns have been diagnosed with congenital syphilis and explore the social determinants of maternal and congenital syphilis. The setting of our study is the main public hospital in Cúcuta, Colombia, at the border with Venezuela, which provides emergency care to everyone regardless of documentation and thus receives a high share of Venezuelan migrants. We conducted twenty in-depth interviews with women who had their newborns hospitalized with a diagnosis of congenital syphilis. Sampling was conducted purposively at the hospital, between March and June 2023. Study participants were mostly Venezuelan migrants and Colombian returnees, from their teens to their forties. We used a grounded theory technique to conduct thematic analysis. Four major themes emerged: 1) experiencing a pregnancy in the context of a lack of resources, violence and ignorance; 2) guilt with and reinfection of syphilis; 3) challenges and limitations in accessing health care; and 4) limited support networks and machismo. Reported challenges were intertwined with the high costs of health care in the country of origin, the lack of knowledge of sexually transmitted infections, the limited public health education targeting this population group, and the absence of Colombian public policies that promote care for the non-regularized migrant population.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.30.24312710
Rafael Villareal Julio, Brayan E. Ordoñez, Gabriel A. Pérez, Valeria Manjarrez, Katia Villarreal Julio, Carlos Muskuz
IntroductionLeishmaniasis is a disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. In Colombia, 6 pathogenic species have been reported. Traditional parasitological diagnosis based on the observation of parasites does not allow the species to be identified, which is why biochemical or molecular methods must be used, including conventional PCR, but this has some limitations and requires long periods of time to obtain results., which are sometimes inconclusive.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF AN IDENTIFICATION METHOD FOR Leishmania spp BASED ON REAL-TIME PCR WITH HIGH-RESOLUTION MELTING","authors":"Rafael Villareal Julio, Brayan E. Ordoñez, Gabriel A. Pérez, Valeria Manjarrez, Katia Villarreal Julio, Carlos Muskuz","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.30.24312710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.30.24312710","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Introduction</strong> <em>Leishmaniasis</em> is a disease caused by parasites of the genus <em>Leishmania</em>. In Colombia, 6 pathogenic species have been reported. Traditional parasitological diagnosis based on the observation of parasites does not allow the species to be identified, which is why biochemical or molecular methods must be used, including conventional PCR, but this has some limitations and requires long periods of time to obtain results., which are sometimes inconclusive.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Filariasis is a significant cause of morbidity and a public health concern in most tropical countries. These diseases are usually contracted in childhood and most often diagnosed in adulthood. This study aimed to identify biochemical markers associated with filariasis and the endobacteria present in microfilariae.
{"title":"Tentative analysis of biomarkers associated with filariasis in moungo division, littoral, cameroon","authors":"Jean Baptiste Hzounda Fokou, Syntiche Teudem Biyong, Francine Kouemo, Fru Awah Akumwah, Ambassa Reine, Véronique Simone Fannang, Juliette Koube, Jules Clement Assob","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.29.24312770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312770","url":null,"abstract":"Filariasis is a significant cause of morbidity and a public health concern in most tropical countries. These diseases are usually contracted in childhood and most often diagnosed in adulthood. This study aimed to identify biochemical markers associated with filariasis and the endobacteria present in microfilariae.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.29.24312595
Jacqueline A. Piekos, Gustavo Amorim, Felipe Ridolfi, Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos, Afrânio L. Kritski, Marina C. Figueiredo, Bruno B. Andrade, Adalberto R. Santos, David W. Haas, Timothy R. Sterling, Valeria C. Rolla, Digna R. Velez Edwards, the Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis (RePORT)-Brazil consortium
Tuberculosis (TB) treatment is highly effective, but response to therapy can vary by geography, race, and ethnicity. We assessed for differences in TB treatment response in a representative and heterogeneous Brazilian population. We estimated genetic ancestry proportion according to major ancestry groups (African, European, and Amerindian ancestry) in the Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis (RePORT)-Brazil cohort. RePORT-Brazil is an observational prospective cohort study of individuals with newly-diagnosed, culture-confirmed, pulmonary TB. TB treatment outcomes that were attributed to TB treatment included Grade 2 or higher adverse drug reaction (ADR), Grade 3 or higher ADR, hepatic ADR, and failure/recurrence. Ancestry proportion was the main predictor in logistic regression for each outcome, with adjustments for candidate confounders. There were 941 pulmonary TB patients included in this study. We observed a decreased risk of Grade 2+ ADR when African ancestry proportion increased by 10% (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.41, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.20 -0.85) and an increased risk for Grade 2+ ADR with increasing European ancestry (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.47 - 5.48). We then performed the same analysis adding HIV status as an interaction term. The decreased risk for Grade 2+ ADR seen for African ancestry proportion did not hold for persons living with HIV; we observed increased risk for Grade 2+ ADR with increasing African ancestry proportion. There were no associations with Amerindian ancestry or for other treatment outcomes. In this Brazilian TB cohort, toxicity risk was associated with African and European ancestry, divergent, and affected by HIV.
结核病（TB）的治疗非常有效，但不同地域、种族和民族的患者对治疗的反应可能会有所不同。我们评估了巴西具有代表性的异质性人群中结核病治疗反应的差异。我们根据巴西结核病地区前瞻性观察研究（RePORT）队列中的主要血统群体（非洲、欧洲和美洲印第安血统）估算了遗传血统比例。RePORT-Brazil 是一项前瞻性队列观察研究，研究对象是新诊断的、经培养证实的肺结核患者。归因于结核病治疗的结果包括 2 级或以上药物不良反应 (ADR)、3 级或以上药物不良反应、肝脏药物不良反应以及治疗失败/复发。在对候选混杂因素进行调整后，血统比例是对每种结果进行逻辑回归的主要预测因素。本研究共纳入 941 名肺结核患者。我们观察到，当非洲血统比例增加 10%，2+级 ADR 风险降低（Odds Ratio [OR] 0.41，95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.20 -0.85），而随着欧洲血统的增加，2+级 ADR 风险增加（OR 2.84，95% CI 1.47 -5.48）。然后，我们进行了同样的分析，并将 HIV 感染状况作为交互项。非洲血统比例降低 2+ 级 ADR 风险的情况在 HIV 感染者中并不存在；我们观察到随着非洲血统比例的增加，2+ 级 ADR 风险也会增加。与美洲印第安人血统或其他治疗结果没有关联。在这个巴西肺结核队列中，毒性风险与非洲和欧洲血统有关，存在差异，并受到艾滋病毒的影响。
{"title":"Genetic ancestry proportion influences risk of adverse events from tuberculosis treatment in Brazil","authors":"Jacqueline A. Piekos, Gustavo Amorim, Felipe Ridolfi, Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos, Afrânio L. Kritski, Marina C. Figueiredo, Bruno B. Andrade, Adalberto R. Santos, David W. Haas, Timothy R. Sterling, Valeria C. Rolla, Digna R. Velez Edwards, the Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis (RePORT)-Brazil consortium","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.29.24312595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312595","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) treatment is highly effective, but response to therapy can vary by geography, race, and ethnicity. We assessed for differences in TB treatment response in a representative and heterogeneous Brazilian population. We estimated genetic ancestry proportion according to major ancestry groups (African, European, and Amerindian ancestry) in the Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis (RePORT)-Brazil cohort. RePORT-Brazil is an observational prospective cohort study of individuals with newly-diagnosed, culture-confirmed, pulmonary TB. TB treatment outcomes that were attributed to TB treatment included Grade 2 or higher adverse drug reaction (ADR), Grade 3 or higher ADR, hepatic ADR, and failure/recurrence. Ancestry proportion was the main predictor in logistic regression for each outcome, with adjustments for candidate confounders. There were 941 pulmonary TB patients included in this study. We observed a decreased risk of Grade 2+ ADR when African ancestry proportion increased by 10% (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.41, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.20 -0.85) and an increased risk for Grade 2+ ADR with increasing European ancestry (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.47 - 5.48). We then performed the same analysis adding HIV status as an interaction term. The decreased risk for Grade 2+ ADR seen for African ancestry proportion did not hold for persons living with HIV; we observed increased risk for Grade 2+ ADR with increasing African ancestry proportion. There were no associations with Amerindian ancestry or for other treatment outcomes. In this Brazilian TB cohort, toxicity risk was associated with African and European ancestry, divergent, and affected by HIV.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.30.24312831
So-Lun Lee, Mike Y. W. Kwan, Caitriona Murphy, Eunice L. Y. Chan, Joshua S. C. Wong, Sheena G. Sullivan, Malik Peiris, Benjamin J. Cowling
We conducted a test negative study from November 2023 to June 2024, enrolling 4,367 children hospitalized with acute respiratory illness in Hong Kong. Among the children who tested negative for influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, 56.8% had received influenza vaccination. Between November 2023 and March 2024, influenza A(H3N2) predominated and the VE against influenza A(H3N2) was estimated as 55% (95% CI: 29.6%, 71.8%). VE point estimates were higher for younger children than older children. In February to June 2024 influenza A(H1N1) predominated and VE against influenza A(H1N1) was 54% (95% CI: 33%, 69%) during this period. Influenza B circulated at low intensity throughout the 2023/24 season and VE against influenza B was 66% (95% CI: 42%, 80%). Since its introduction in 2018/19 the school-based influenza vaccination program has substantially increased vaccine uptake in children in Hong Kong and prevented influenza-associated hospitalizations.
{"title":"Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalizations in children, Hong Kong, November 2023 to June 2024","authors":"So-Lun Lee, Mike Y. W. Kwan, Caitriona Murphy, Eunice L. Y. Chan, Joshua S. C. Wong, Sheena G. Sullivan, Malik Peiris, Benjamin J. Cowling","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.30.24312831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.30.24312831","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a test negative study from November 2023 to June 2024, enrolling 4,367 children hospitalized with acute respiratory illness in Hong Kong. Among the children who tested negative for influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, 56.8% had received influenza vaccination. Between November 2023 and March 2024, influenza A(H3N2) predominated and the VE against influenza A(H3N2) was estimated as 55% (95% CI: 29.6%, 71.8%). VE point estimates were higher for younger children than older children. In February to June 2024 influenza A(H1N1) predominated and VE against influenza A(H1N1) was 54% (95% CI: 33%, 69%) during this period. Influenza B circulated at low intensity throughout the 2023/24 season and VE against influenza B was 66% (95% CI: 42%, 80%). Since its introduction in 2018/19 the school-based influenza vaccination program has substantially increased vaccine uptake in children in Hong Kong and prevented influenza-associated hospitalizations.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.29.24312780
Brayden G. Schindell, Boghuma K. Titanji, Anne W. Rimoin, Souradet Y. Shaw, Jia B. Kangbai, Jason Kindrachuk
Background The West African Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic that occurred between 2013-2016 resulted in >28,000 confirmed cases and >11,000 fatalities. Thousands of survivors necessitate an understanding of the long-term health effects and future medical needs of these patients.
{"title":"Clinical health outcomes of Ebola virus disease survivors eight years post recovery: a cross-sectional study in Sierra Leone","authors":"Brayden G. Schindell, Boghuma K. Titanji, Anne W. Rimoin, Souradet Y. Shaw, Jia B. Kangbai, Jason Kindrachuk","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.29.24312780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312780","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> The West African Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic that occurred between 2013-2016 resulted in >28,000 confirmed cases and >11,000 fatalities. Thousands of survivors necessitate an understanding of the long-term health effects and future medical needs of these patients.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.28.24312732
Hoang Van Phan, Natasha Spottiswoode, Emily C. Lydon, Victoria T. Chu, Adolfo Cuesta, Alexander D. Kazberouk, Natalie L. Richmond, Carolyn S. Calfee, Charles R. Langelier
Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite this, diagnosing LRTI remains challenging, particularly in the intensive care unit, where non-infectious respiratory conditions can present with similar features. Here, we tested a new method for LRTI diagnosis that combines the transcriptomic biomarker FABP4 with assessment of text from the electronic medical record (EMR) using the large language model Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4). We evaluated this methodology in a prospective cohort of critically ill adults with acute respiratory failure, in which we measured pulmonary FABP4 expression and identified patients with LRTI or non-infectious conditions using retrospective adjudication. A diagnostic classifier combining FABP4 and GPT-4 achieved an area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) of 0.92 ± 0.06 by five-fold cross validation (CV), outperforming classifiers based on FABP4 expression alone (AUC 0.83) or GPT-4 alone (AUC 0.84). At the Youden’s index within each CV fold, the combined classifier achieved a mean sensitivity of 92% ± 7%, specificity of 90% ± 17% and accuracy of 91% +/- 8%. Taken together, our findings suggest that combining a host transcriptional biomarker with interpretation of EMR data using artificial intelligence is a promising new approach to infectious disease diagnosis.
{"title":"Integrating a host transcriptomic biomarker with a large language model for diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection","authors":"Hoang Van Phan, Natasha Spottiswoode, Emily C. Lydon, Victoria T. Chu, Adolfo Cuesta, Alexander D. Kazberouk, Natalie L. Richmond, Carolyn S. Calfee, Charles R. Langelier","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.28.24312732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.28.24312732","url":null,"abstract":"Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite this, diagnosing LRTI remains challenging, particularly in the intensive care unit, where non-infectious respiratory conditions can present with similar features. Here, we tested a new method for LRTI diagnosis that combines the transcriptomic biomarker <em>FABP4</em> with assessment of text from the electronic medical record (EMR) using the large language model Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4). We evaluated this methodology in a prospective cohort of critically ill adults with acute respiratory failure, in which we measured pulmonary <em>FABP4</em> expression and identified patients with LRTI or non-infectious conditions using retrospective adjudication. A diagnostic classifier combining <em>FABP4</em> and GPT-4 achieved an area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) of 0.92 ± 0.06 by five-fold cross validation (CV), outperforming classifiers based on <em>FABP4</em> expression alone (AUC 0.83) or GPT-4 alone (AUC 0.84). At the Youden’s index within each CV fold, the combined classifier achieved a mean sensitivity of 92% ± 7%, specificity of 90% ± 17% and accuracy of 91% +/- 8%. Taken together, our findings suggest that combining a host transcriptional biomarker with interpretation of EMR data using artificial intelligence is a promising new approach to infectious disease diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":"2010 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.29.24311868
Ingeborg Hess Elgersma, Petter Elstrøm, Lars G. Hemkens, Arnfinn Helleve, Oliver Kacelnik, Atle Fretheim
We previously published results of a pragmatic randomized trial with 3717 participants in Norway that assessed the effect of wearing glasses on the risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory infections. Here we present unpublished findings on pre-specified secondary endpoints relying on routinely collected data from Norwegian health registries: Visits to health care providers for any cause (within 21 days), for respiratory symptoms (day 3-28), and for injuries (within 21 days).
{"title":"Effect of Wearing Glasses for Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 on Visits to Health Care Providers - Additional Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Ingeborg Hess Elgersma, Petter Elstrøm, Lars G. Hemkens, Arnfinn Helleve, Oliver Kacelnik, Atle Fretheim","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.29.24311868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.29.24311868","url":null,"abstract":"We previously published results of a pragmatic randomized trial with 3717 participants in Norway that assessed the effect of wearing glasses on the risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory infections. Here we present unpublished findings on pre-specified secondary endpoints relying on routinely collected data from Norwegian health registries: Visits to health care providers for any cause (within 21 days), for respiratory symptoms (day 3-28), and for injuries (within 21 days).","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.28.24312561
Kara Phipps, Jennifer L Yates, Jessica Machowski, Sean Bialosuknia, Danielle Hunt, Alan L Dupuis, Anne Payne, William Lee, Kathleen McDonough
Current studies of the JYNNEOS-induced neutralizing antibody response to monkeypox virus (MPXV) are limited by either short-term durability data, quantification in an endemic population, or lack of an infectious MPXV neutralization assay. We used plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) with authentic MPXV and vaccinia viruse (VACV) to assess antibody responses over twelve months of eight donors vaccinated with two doses of JYNNEOS. One donor previously received the ACAM2000 vaccine; seven donors were smallpox-vaccine naive. The IgG response of the donors to VACV (L1R, B5R, and A33R) and MPXV (E8L, H3L, A35R) antigens and PRNT titers to both viruses peaked at eight weeks post-vaccination and waned thereafter in naive donors. MPXV PRNT titers were especially low; no naive donors produced a detectable PRNT90 titer. Our results suggest the MPXV humoral response produced by JYNNEOS is limited in naive donors and invites further investigation into current mpox vaccination strategies and correlates of protection.
{"title":"JYNNEOS vaccination induced short-lived neutralizing antibody responses to monkeypox virus in naive individuals","authors":"Kara Phipps, Jennifer L Yates, Jessica Machowski, Sean Bialosuknia, Danielle Hunt, Alan L Dupuis, Anne Payne, William Lee, Kathleen McDonough","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.28.24312561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.28.24312561","url":null,"abstract":"Current studies of the JYNNEOS-induced neutralizing antibody response to monkeypox virus (MPXV) are limited by either short-term durability data, quantification in an endemic population, or lack of an infectious MPXV neutralization assay. We used plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) with authentic MPXV and vaccinia viruse (VACV) to assess antibody responses over twelve months of eight donors vaccinated with two doses of JYNNEOS. One donor previously received the ACAM2000 vaccine; seven donors were smallpox-vaccine naive. The IgG response of the donors to VACV (L1R, B5R, and A33R) and MPXV (E8L, H3L, A35R) antigens and PRNT titers to both viruses peaked at eight weeks post-vaccination and waned thereafter in naive donors. MPXV PRNT titers were especially low; no naive donors produced a detectable PRNT90 titer. Our results suggest the MPXV humoral response produced by JYNNEOS is limited in naive donors and invites further investigation into current mpox vaccination strategies and correlates of protection.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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