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Association Between Seasonal Respiratory Virus Activity and Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Central Ontario, Canada 加拿大安大略省中部地区季节性呼吸道病毒活动与侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病之间的关系
Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.03.24312990
Alison E. Simmons, Isha Berry, Sarah A. Buchan, Ashleigh R. Tuite, David N. Fisman
Background In central Ontario, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) follow similar seasonal patterns, peaking in winter. We aimed to quantify the independent and joint impact of influenza A, influenza B, and RSV on IPD risk at the population level.
背景 在安大略省中部,流感、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)和侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病(IPD)的季节性相似,在冬季达到高峰。我们的目标是量化甲型流感、乙型流感和 RSV 对人群 IPD 风险的独立和联合影响。
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引用次数: 0
Short-term and Long-Term Healthcare Costs Attributable to diagnosed COVID-19 in Ontario; Canada: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study 加拿大安大略省因诊断出 COVID-19 而产生的短期和长期医疗成本:基于人口的匹配队列研究
Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.04.24313064
Beate Sander, Sharmistha Mishra, Sarah Swayze, Yeva Sahakyan, Raquel Duchen, Kieran Quinn, Naveed Janjua, Hind Sbihi, Jeffrey Kwong
Objectives Estimates of health system costs due to COVID-19, especially for long-term disability (post COVID-19 condition [PCC]) are key to health system planning, but attributable cost data remain scarce. We characterized COVID-19-attributable costs from the health system perspective.
目标 COVID-19 导致的医疗系统成本估计,尤其是长期残疾(COVID-19 后病症 [PCC])的成本估计,是医疗系统规划的关键,但可归因成本数据仍然很少。我们从卫生系统的角度描述了 COVID-19 可归因成本。
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引用次数: 0
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Long COVID: 3-Month Follow up Results from a Prospective Registry of 232 patients 高压氧疗法治疗长 COVID:232 名患者前瞻性登记的 3 个月随访结果
Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.02.24312948
J. van Berkel, R.C Lalieu, D. Joseph, M. Hellemons, C.A. Lansdorp
A potential beneficial effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on complaints of long COVID was found, leading to increased demand for this treatment despite many remaining clinical questions and lack of formal guideline recommendations and reimbursement. A registry was set up in order to gain more insight into patient characteristics and (long-term) outcomes of long COVID patients undergoing HBOT. Patient-reported outcome measures were collected at baseline, after treatment and at 3-month follow up. The primary outcome measures were the mental and physical component score (MCS/PCS) of the SF-36 questionnaire 3 months after HBOT. A clinically relevant positive or negative response was defined as an increase or decrease of ≥10% in MCS and/or PCS after 3 months. Secondary outcomes included the EQ-5D, severity of complaints and ability to work. In this prospective registry of 232 long COVID patients, 65% of long term-ill patients had a clinically relevant increase in quality of life. However, 15% of the patients experienced deterioration in quality of life. Symptoms that showed most improvement were predominantly in the cognitive domain. This indicates that HBOT may have a positive effect on complaints of long COVID, but alertness for worsening of the condition should be exercised.
研究发现,高压氧疗法(HBOT)对长期慢性阻塞性肺气肿患者的主诉具有潜在的益处,因此,尽管还存在许多临床问题,而且缺乏正式的指南建议和报销规定,但对这种疗法的需求却在不断增加。为了更深入地了解接受 HBOT 治疗的长期 COVID 患者的特征和(长期)疗效,我们设立了一个登记处。在基线、治疗后和 3 个月的随访中收集了患者报告的结果指标。主要结果指标是 HBOT 治疗 3 个月后 SF-36 问卷的精神和身体部分得分(MCS/PCS)。临床相关的阳性或阴性反应定义为 3 个月后 MCS 和/或 PCS 上升或下降≥10%。次要结果包括 EQ-5D、主诉严重程度和工作能力。在这项对 232 名长期 COVID 患者进行的前瞻性登记中,65% 的长期病患者的生活质量有了临床意义上的提高。然而,15% 的患者生活质量有所下降。改善最多的症状主要集中在认知领域。这表明,HBOT 对长期慢性阻塞性肺病患者的主诉可能有积极影响,但应警惕病情恶化。
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引用次数: 0
Inflammation and fibrinolysis in loiasis before and after ivermectin treatment: a biological pilot cross-sectional study 伊维菌素治疗前后丝虫病的炎症和纤维蛋白溶解:一项生物试验横断面研究
Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.29.24312769
Tristan M. Lepage, Narcisse Nzune-Toche, Lucie A. Nkwengoua, Hugues C. Nana-Djeunga, Sebastien D.S. Pion, Joseph Kamgno, Charlotte Boullé, Jérémy T. Campillo, Michel Boussinesq, Claude T. Tayou, Cédric B. Chesnais
We assessed the impact of loiasis and its treatment with ivermectin on hemostasis and inflammation in 38 adults in Cameroon. Participants were divided into four balanced groups based on their Loa loa microfilarial densities. At baseline, a positive correlation was observed between microfilarial densities, neutrophils (p=0.012) and eosinophils (p<0.001). At day 4 following ivermectin administration, mean D-dimers significantly increased, from 725 ng/mL to 1,276 ng/mL (p=0.024). Mean eosinophils rose from 225/µL to 1,807/µL (p<0.001). C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and alpha-1-globulin also increased significantly after treatment. Ivermectin treatment appeared to induce inflammation and pronounced fibrinolysis, indicative of coagulation activation.
我们评估了喀麦隆 38 名成年人患伊维菌素对止血和炎症的影响。根据 Loa loa 微丝蚴密度将参与者分为四个平衡组。基线时,微丝蚴密度、中性粒细胞(p=0.012)和嗜酸性粒细胞(p<0.001)之间呈正相关。服用伊维菌素后第 4 天,平均 D-二聚体显著增加,从 725 纳克/毫升增至 1 276 纳克/毫升(p=0.024)。嗜酸性粒细胞平均值从 225 个/微升升至 1 807 个/微升(p<0.001)。治疗后,C 反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原和α-1-球蛋白也显著增加。伊维菌素治疗似乎诱发了炎症和明显的纤维蛋白溶解,表明凝血功能被激活。
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引用次数: 0
Interplay Between the Gut Microbiome and Typhoid Fever: Insights from Endemic Countries and a Controlled Human Infection Model 肠道微生物群与伤寒之间的相互作用:流行国家和受控人类感染模型的启示
Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.02.24312347
Philip M. Ashton, Leonardos Mageiros, James E. Meiring, Angeziwa Chunga Chirambo, Farhana Khanam, Happy Banda, Abhilasha Karkey, Sabina Dongol, Lorena Preciado Llanes, Helena Thomaides-Brears, Malick Gibani, Nazmul Hasan Rajib, Nazia Rahman, Prasanta Kumar Biswas, Md Amirul Islam Bhuiyan, Sally Kay, Kate Auger, Olivier Seret, Nicholas R. Thomson, Andrew J Pollard, Stephen Baker, Buddha Basnyat, John D. Clemens, Christiane Dolecek, Sarah J. Dunstan, Gordon Dougan, Robert S. Heyderman, Virginia E. Pitzer, Firdausi Qadri, Melita A. Gordon, Thomas C. Darton, Kathryn E. Holt, STRATAA Study Group
Typhoid fever is a systemic infection caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) bacteria invading through the gut lumen. Transmission occurs through ingestion of contaminated food and water, particularly in settings with poor water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure, resulting in over 10 million illnesses annually. It is well established that vaccines and natural infections can stimulate protective immunity against S. Typhi. As the pathogen invades through the gastrointestinal tract, it is plausible that the gut microbiome may also influence the outcome of S. Typhi exposure. There is some evidence that bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) may create an environment unfavourable to invasive Salmonella, but data from humans is very limited.
伤寒是由伤寒沙门氏菌(S. Typhi)通过肠腔侵入人体引起的一种全身性感染。传播途径是摄入受污染的食物和水,尤其是在水、环境卫生和个人卫生基础设施较差的环境中,每年导致 1 000 多万人患病。疫苗和自然感染可激发对伤寒杆菌的保护性免疫,这一点已得到公认。由于病原体通过胃肠道入侵,因此肠道微生物组也可能会影响接触伤寒杆菌的结果。有证据表明,产生短链脂肪酸(SCFA)的细菌可能会创造一个不利于沙门氏菌入侵的环境,但来自人类的数据非常有限。
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引用次数: 0
CC180 clade dynamics does not universally explain Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 persistence post-vaccine: a global comparative population genomics study CC180 支系动态并不能普遍解释肺炎链球菌血清 3 型在接种疫苗后的持续存在:一项全球种群比较基因组学研究
Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.29.24312665
Sydney Stanley, Catarina Silva-Costa, Joana Gomes-Silva, Jose Melo-Cristino, Richard Malley, Mario Ramirez
Background Clonal complex 180 (CC180) is currently the major clone of serotype 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn). The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) does not have significant efficacy against serotype 3 despite polysaccharide inclusion in the vaccine. It was hypothesized that PCV13 may effectively control Clade I of CC180 but that Clades III and IV are resistant, provoking a population shift that enables serotype 3 persistence. This has been observed in the United States, England, and Wales but not Spain. We tested this hypothesis further utilizing a dataset from Portugal.
背景 克隆复合体 180(CC180)是目前血清 3 型肺炎链球菌(Spn)的主要克隆。尽管 13 价肺炎球菌结合疫苗(PCV13)中含有多糖,但对血清 3 型肺炎球菌并无显著疗效。据推测,PCV13 可有效控制 CC180 的支系 I,但支系 III 和支系 IV 却具有抗药性,从而引发群体转变,使血清 3 型得以持续存在。在美国、英格兰和威尔士观察到了这种情况,但在西班牙没有观察到。我们利用葡萄牙的数据集进一步验证了这一假设。
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引用次数: 0
Introducing a framework for within-host dynamics and mutations modelling of H5N1 influenza infection in humans 引入人类感染 H5N1 流感的宿主内动力学和突变建模框架
Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.01.24312235
Daniel Higgins, Joshua Looker, Robert Sunnucks, Jonathan Carruthers, Thomas Finnie, Matt J. Keeling, Edward M. Hill
Avian influenza A(H5N1) poses a risk to public health due to its pandemic potential should the virus mutate to become human-to-human transmissible. To date, reported influenza A(H5N1) human cases have typically occurred in the lower respiratory tract with a high case fatality rate. There is prior evidence of some influenza A(H5N1) strains being just five amino acid mutations away from achieving droplet transmissibility, possibly allowing them to be spread between humans. Three of these amino acid mutations must occur within a single human host, though the exact probability of such mutations occurring is not currently known. Here, we present a mechanistic within-host infection model for influenza A(H5N1), novel for its explicit consideration of the biological differences between the upper and lower respiratory tracts. These developments enable us to estimate a distribution of viral lifespans and effective replication rates in human H5N1 influenza cases. We combine our within-host model with a viral mutation model to determine the probability of an infected individual generating a droplet transmissible strain of influenza A(H5N1) through mutation. For three required mutations, we found a peak probability of approximately 10−3 that a human case of H5N1 influenza produces at least one virion during the infectious period. Our findings provide insights into the risk of differing infectious pathways of influenza A(H5N1) (namely the avian-human vs the avian-mammal-human routes), demonstrating the three-mutation pathway being a cause of concern in human cases. Additionally, our framework - combining a within-host infection model with a branching process model for viral mutation - is generalisable to other pathogens, allowing mutation probabilities to be more easily ascertained. Our findings are a starting point for further modelling of influenza A(H5N1) and other pathogens where differing tissue susceptibilities and human-to-human transmission is of concern.
甲型禽流感(H5N1)病毒一旦变异成为可在人与人之间传播的病毒,就有可能造成大流行,从而对公共卫生构成威胁。迄今为止,报告的人类甲型 H5N1 流感病例通常发生在下呼吸道,病死率很高。先前有证据表明,一些甲型 H5N1 流感病毒株只差五个氨基酸突变就能实现飞沫传染,从而有可能在人与人之间传播。其中三个氨基酸突变必须发生在单个人类宿主体内,但目前尚不清楚发生这种突变的确切概率。在此,我们提出了甲型 H5N1 流感的宿主内感染机理模型,该模型明确考虑了上呼吸道和下呼吸道之间的生物差异,具有新颖性。这些发展使我们能够估计人类 H5N1 流感病例中病毒寿命和有效复制率的分布情况。我们将宿主内模型与病毒变异模型相结合,以确定感染者通过变异产生可飞沫传播的甲型 H5N1 流感病毒株的概率。对于三种所需的突变,我们发现人感染 H5N1 流感病例在感染期间产生至少一个病毒株的峰值概率约为 10-3。我们的研究结果提供了对甲型 H5N1 流感不同感染途径(即禽-人途径和禽-哺乳动物-人途径)风险的见解,表明在人类病例中,三种突变途径是一个值得关注的原因。此外,我们的框架--将宿主内感染模型与病毒变异的分支过程模型相结合--可推广到其他病原体,从而更容易确定变异概率。我们的研究结果是进一步建立甲型 H5N1 流感和其他病原体模型的起点,在这些病原体中,不同的组织易感性和人际传播是值得关注的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Clustering of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia: repeated population-based symptom screening 埃塞俄比亚肺结核的群发性:基于症状的人群重复筛查
Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.31.24312883
Abiot Bezabeh Banti, Daniel Gemechu Datiko, Brita Askeland Winje, Sven Gudmund Hinderaker, Einar Heldal, Mesay Hailu Dangisso
Objective A “Cluster” is an area with a higher occurrence of tuberculosis than would be expected in an average random distribution of that area. Tuberculosis clustering is commonly reported in Ethiopia, but most studies rely on registered data, which may miss patients who do not visit health facilities or those who attend but are not identified as having tuberculosis. This makes the detection of actual clusters challenging. This study analysed the clustering of pulmonary tuberculosis and associated risk factors using symptom-based population screening in Dale, Ethiopia.
目标 "集群 "是指结核病发病率高于该地区平均随机分布的地区。在埃塞俄比亚,肺结核聚集区的报告很常见,但大多数研究都依赖于登记数据,这可能会遗漏那些没有前往医疗机构就诊的患者,或者那些就诊但未被确定为肺结核患者的患者。因此,检测实际的聚类具有挑战性。本研究通过在埃塞俄比亚戴尔进行基于症状的人群筛查,分析了肺结核的聚类及相关风险因素。
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引用次数: 0
Estimating optimal therapeutic drug levels of anti-tuberculosis medications based on treatment safety and effectiveness 根据治疗安全性和有效性估算抗结核药物的最佳治疗药量
Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.30.24312723
Gustavo Amorim, David W. Haas, Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos, Afrânio L. Kritski, Marina C. Figueiredo, Cody Staats, Brian Hachey, Megan Turner, Bruno B. Andrade, Valeria C. Rolla, Timothy R. Sterling, the Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis (RePORT)-Brazil network
Background Therapeutic drug ranges (TDR) for standard anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment have been determined based on expected drug levels at least 2 hours after taking the dose. In this study we constructed TDR for TB drug levels based on minimizing drug toxicity and maximizing treatment effectiveness.
背景标准抗结核(TB)治疗的治疗药物范围(TDR)是根据服药至少 2 小时后的预期药物水平确定的。在本研究中,我们以药物毒性最小化和治疗效果最大化为基础,构建了结核病药物水平的治疗药物范围。
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引用次数: 0
Prolonged viral shedding as a marker of severity in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis 作为呼吸道合胞病毒支气管炎严重程度标志的病毒长期脱落
Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.29.24312713
Raí André Silva Watanabe, Filipe Nishiyama, Larissa Lyra, Bruno Sanchez Camargo, Luciano Kleber de Souza Luna, Danielle Dias Conte, Ana Helena Perosa, Nancy Cristina Junqueira Bellei
Background and Objectives Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for most cases of acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) in childhood. The association of factors such as RSV subtype, viral load, and viral coinfection with severe disease is controversial. The objective is to describe the viral load dynamics of RSV in children under 2 years with AVB, including the first viral load, peak viral load, viral decay, and any possible association with severe disease.
背景和目的 呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)是大多数儿童急性病毒性支气管炎(AVB)的病原体。RSV 亚型、病毒载量和病毒合并感染等因素与严重疾病的关系尚存在争议。本研究旨在描述 2 岁以下急性病毒性支气管炎患儿体内 RSV 病毒载量的动态变化,包括首次病毒载量、高峰病毒载量、病毒衰减以及与严重疾病之间可能存在的关联。
{"title":"Prolonged viral shedding as a marker of severity in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis","authors":"Raí André Silva Watanabe, Filipe Nishiyama, Larissa Lyra, Bruno Sanchez Camargo, Luciano Kleber de Souza Luna, Danielle Dias Conte, Ana Helena Perosa, Nancy Cristina Junqueira Bellei","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.29.24312713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312713","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background and Objectives</strong> Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for most cases of acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) in childhood. The association of factors such as RSV subtype, viral load, and viral coinfection with severe disease is controversial. The objective is to describe the viral load dynamics of RSV in children under 2 years with AVB, including the first viral load, peak viral load, viral decay, and any possible association with severe disease.","PeriodicalId":501509,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Infectious Diseases","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
medRxiv - Infectious Diseases
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