Jean-Damien Combes, Jean-Michel Didelot, Sylvie Radenne, Olivia Zaegel-Faucher, Anne-Carole Lesage, Laurent Siproudhis, Lionel Piroth, Lucie Marchand, Isabelle Heard, Nadia Hoyeau, Sébastien Henno, Teresa M Darragh, Catharina J Alberts, Gary M Clifford, Isabelle Etienney
We assessed cumulative detection and determinants of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) in men who have sex with men living with human immunodeficiency virus and who underwent 3 visits over 2 years, with cytology and high-resolution anoscopy, within the ANRS-EP57-APACHES study. The cumulative HSIL detection rate was 33% (134 of 410), of which 48% HSILs were detected at baseline. HSIL detection varied considerably by center (from 13% to 51%). The strongest HSIL determinants were baseline human papillomavirus 16 (adjusted odds ratio, 8.2; 95% confidence interval, 3.6-18.9) and p16/Ki67 (4.6 [2.3-9.1]). Repeated annual cytology and high-resolution anoscopy improved HSIL detection but did not fully compensate for between-center heterogeneity.
{"title":"Cumulative Detection of Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions Over 2-Year Follow-up in Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in France.","authors":"Jean-Damien Combes, Jean-Michel Didelot, Sylvie Radenne, Olivia Zaegel-Faucher, Anne-Carole Lesage, Laurent Siproudhis, Lionel Piroth, Lucie Marchand, Isabelle Heard, Nadia Hoyeau, Sébastien Henno, Teresa M Darragh, Catharina J Alberts, Gary M Clifford, Isabelle Etienney","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiad506","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiad506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We assessed cumulative detection and determinants of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) in men who have sex with men living with human immunodeficiency virus and who underwent 3 visits over 2 years, with cytology and high-resolution anoscopy, within the ANRS-EP57-APACHES study. The cumulative HSIL detection rate was 33% (134 of 410), of which 48% HSILs were detected at baseline. HSIL detection varied considerably by center (from 13% to 51%). The strongest HSIL determinants were baseline human papillomavirus 16 (adjusted odds ratio, 8.2; 95% confidence interval, 3.6-18.9) and p16/Ki67 (4.6 [2.3-9.1]). Repeated annual cytology and high-resolution anoscopy improved HSIL detection but did not fully compensate for between-center heterogeneity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebecca A Clark, Tom Sumner, Chathika K Weerasuriya, Roel Bakker, Thomas J Scriba, Richard G White
An upcoming trial may provide further evidence that adolescent/adult-targeted BCG revaccination prevents sustained Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, but its public health value depends on its impact on overall tuberculosis morbidity and mortality, which will remain unknown. Using previously calibrated models for India and South Africa, we simulated BCG revaccination assuming 45% prevention-of-infection efficacy, and we evaluated scenarios varying additional prevention-of-disease efficacy between +50% (reducing risk) and -50% (increasing risk). Given the assumed prevention-of-infection efficacy and range in prevention-of-disease efficacy, BCG revaccination may have a positive health impact and be cost-effective. This may be useful when considering future evaluations and implementation of adolescent/adult BCG revaccination.
{"title":"Estimating the Potential Public Health Value of BCG Revaccination.","authors":"Rebecca A Clark, Tom Sumner, Chathika K Weerasuriya, Roel Bakker, Thomas J Scriba, Richard G White","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae089","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An upcoming trial may provide further evidence that adolescent/adult-targeted BCG revaccination prevents sustained Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, but its public health value depends on its impact on overall tuberculosis morbidity and mortality, which will remain unknown. Using previously calibrated models for India and South Africa, we simulated BCG revaccination assuming 45% prevention-of-infection efficacy, and we evaluated scenarios varying additional prevention-of-disease efficacy between +50% (reducing risk) and -50% (increasing risk). Given the assumed prevention-of-infection efficacy and range in prevention-of-disease efficacy, BCG revaccination may have a positive health impact and be cost-effective. This may be useful when considering future evaluations and implementation of adolescent/adult BCG revaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11272081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark W Tenforde, Zachary A Weber, Duck-Hye Yang, Malini B DeSilva, Kristin Dascomb, Stephanie A Irving, Allison L Naleway, Manjusha Gaglani, Bruce Fireman, Ned Lewis, Ousseny Zerbo, Kristin Goddard, Julius Timbol, John R Hansen, Nancy Grisel, Julie Arndorfer, Charlene E McEvoy, Inih J Essien, Suchitra Rao, Shaun J Grannis, Anupam B Kharbanda, Karthik Natarajan, Toan C Ong, Peter J Embi, Sarah W Ball, Margaret M Dunne, Lindsey Kirshner, Ryan E Wiegand, Monica Dickerson, Palak Patel, Caitlin Ray, Brendan Flannery, Shikha Garg, Katherine Adams, Nicola P Klein
Background: The 2022-2023 United States influenza season had unusually early influenza activity with high hospitalization rates. Vaccine-matched A(H3N2) viruses predominated, with lower levels of A(H1N1)pdm09 activity also observed.
Methods: Using the test-negative design, we evaluated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) during the 2022-2023 season against influenza A-associated emergency department/urgent care (ED/UC) visits and hospitalizations from October 2022 to March 2023 among adults (aged ≥18 years) with acute respiratory illness (ARI). VE was estimated by comparing odds of seasonal influenza vaccination among case-patients (influenza A test positive by molecular assay) and controls (influenza test negative), applying inverse-propensity-to-be-vaccinated weights.
Results: The analysis included 85 389 ED/UC ARI encounters (17.0% influenza A positive; 37.8% vaccinated overall) and 19 751 hospitalizations (9.5% influenza A positive; 52.8% vaccinated overall). VE against influenza A-associated ED/UC encounters was 44% (95% confidence interval [CI], 40%-47%) overall and 45% and 41% among adults aged 18-64 and ≥65 years, respectively. VE against influenza A-associated hospitalizations was 35% (95% CI, 27%-43%) overall and 23% and 41% among adults aged 18-64 and ≥65 years, respectively.
Conclusions: VE was moderate during the 2022-2023 influenza season, a season characterized with increased burden of influenza and co-circulation with other respiratory viruses. Vaccination is likely to substantially reduce morbidity, mortality, and strain on healthcare resources.
{"title":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A-Associated Emergency Department, Urgent Care, and Hospitalization Encounters Among US Adults, 2022-2023.","authors":"Mark W Tenforde, Zachary A Weber, Duck-Hye Yang, Malini B DeSilva, Kristin Dascomb, Stephanie A Irving, Allison L Naleway, Manjusha Gaglani, Bruce Fireman, Ned Lewis, Ousseny Zerbo, Kristin Goddard, Julius Timbol, John R Hansen, Nancy Grisel, Julie Arndorfer, Charlene E McEvoy, Inih J Essien, Suchitra Rao, Shaun J Grannis, Anupam B Kharbanda, Karthik Natarajan, Toan C Ong, Peter J Embi, Sarah W Ball, Margaret M Dunne, Lindsey Kirshner, Ryan E Wiegand, Monica Dickerson, Palak Patel, Caitlin Ray, Brendan Flannery, Shikha Garg, Katherine Adams, Nicola P Klein","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiad542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The 2022-2023 United States influenza season had unusually early influenza activity with high hospitalization rates. Vaccine-matched A(H3N2) viruses predominated, with lower levels of A(H1N1)pdm09 activity also observed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the test-negative design, we evaluated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) during the 2022-2023 season against influenza A-associated emergency department/urgent care (ED/UC) visits and hospitalizations from October 2022 to March 2023 among adults (aged ≥18 years) with acute respiratory illness (ARI). VE was estimated by comparing odds of seasonal influenza vaccination among case-patients (influenza A test positive by molecular assay) and controls (influenza test negative), applying inverse-propensity-to-be-vaccinated weights.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 85 389 ED/UC ARI encounters (17.0% influenza A positive; 37.8% vaccinated overall) and 19 751 hospitalizations (9.5% influenza A positive; 52.8% vaccinated overall). VE against influenza A-associated ED/UC encounters was 44% (95% confidence interval [CI], 40%-47%) overall and 45% and 41% among adults aged 18-64 and ≥65 years, respectively. VE against influenza A-associated hospitalizations was 35% (95% CI, 27%-43%) overall and 23% and 41% among adults aged 18-64 and ≥65 years, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VE was moderate during the 2022-2023 influenza season, a season characterized with increased burden of influenza and co-circulation with other respiratory viruses. Vaccination is likely to substantially reduce morbidity, mortality, and strain on healthcare resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carola Ledderose, Eleftheria-Angeliki Valsami, Mark Elevado, Wolfgang G Junger
Background: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) enhances neutrophil responses, but little is known about the role of ATP in influenza infections.
Methods: We used a mouse influenza model to study if ATP release is associated with neutrophil activation and disease progression.
Results: Influenza infection increased pulmonary ATP levels 5-fold and plasma ATP levels 3-fold vs healthy mice. Adding ATP at those concentrations to blood from healthy mice primed neutrophils and enhanced CD11b and CD63 expression, CD62L shedding, and reactive oxygen species production in response to formyl peptide receptor stimulation. Influenza infection also primed neutrophils in vivo, resulting in formyl peptide receptor-induced CD11b expression and CD62L shedding up to 3 times higher than that of uninfected mice. In infected mice, large numbers of neutrophils entered the lungs. These cells were significantly more activated than the peripheral neutrophils of infected mice and pulmonary neutrophils of healthy mice. Plasma ATP levels of infected mice and influenza disease progression corresponded with the numbers and activation level of their pulmonary neutrophils.
Conclusions: Findings suggest that ATP release from the lungs of infected mice promotes influenza disease progression by priming peripheral neutrophils, which become strongly activated and cause pulmonary tissue damage after their recruitment to the lungs.
背景:三磷酸腺苷(ATP三磷酸腺苷(ATP)可增强中性粒细胞的反应,但人们对ATP在流感感染中的作用知之甚少:方法:我们使用小鼠流感模型来研究ATP释放是否与中性粒细胞活化和疾病进展有关:结果:与健康小鼠相比,流感感染使肺部ATP水平增加了5倍,血浆ATP水平增加了3倍。在健康小鼠的血液中加入这些浓度的 ATP 可激活中性粒细胞,并增强 CD11b 和 CD63 的表达、CD62L 的脱落以及在甲酰肽受体刺激下活性氧的产生。流感感染也会激活体内的中性粒细胞,导致甲酰肽受体诱导的 CD11b 表达和 CD62L 脱落比未感染的小鼠高出 3 倍。在受感染的小鼠体内,大量中性粒细胞进入肺部。与受感染小鼠的外周中性粒细胞和健康小鼠的肺部中性粒细胞相比,这些细胞的活化程度明显更高。受感染小鼠血浆中的 ATP 水平和流感疾病的进展与其肺部中性粒细胞的数量和活化水平相对应:结论:研究结果表明,受感染小鼠肺部释放的ATP通过引诱外周嗜中性粒细胞促进流感疾病的发展,这些嗜中性粒细胞被招募到肺部后会被强烈激活并造成肺组织损伤。
{"title":"Adenosine Triphosphate Release From Influenza-Infected Lungs Enhances Neutrophil Activation and Promotes Disease Progression.","authors":"Carola Ledderose, Eleftheria-Angeliki Valsami, Mark Elevado, Wolfgang G Junger","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiad442","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiad442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) enhances neutrophil responses, but little is known about the role of ATP in influenza infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a mouse influenza model to study if ATP release is associated with neutrophil activation and disease progression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Influenza infection increased pulmonary ATP levels 5-fold and plasma ATP levels 3-fold vs healthy mice. Adding ATP at those concentrations to blood from healthy mice primed neutrophils and enhanced CD11b and CD63 expression, CD62L shedding, and reactive oxygen species production in response to formyl peptide receptor stimulation. Influenza infection also primed neutrophils in vivo, resulting in formyl peptide receptor-induced CD11b expression and CD62L shedding up to 3 times higher than that of uninfected mice. In infected mice, large numbers of neutrophils entered the lungs. These cells were significantly more activated than the peripheral neutrophils of infected mice and pulmonary neutrophils of healthy mice. Plasma ATP levels of infected mice and influenza disease progression corresponded with the numbers and activation level of their pulmonary neutrophils.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that ATP release from the lungs of infected mice promotes influenza disease progression by priming peripheral neutrophils, which become strongly activated and cause pulmonary tissue damage after their recruitment to the lungs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11272046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonne Terstappen, Eveline M Delemarre, Anouk Versnel, Joleen T White, Alexandrine Derrien-Colemyn, Tracy J Ruckwardt, Louis J Bont, Natalie I Mazur
Background: The key correlate of protection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is virus neutralization, measured via sera obtained through venipuncture. Dried blood obtained with a finger prick can simplify acquisition, processing, storage, and transport in trials and thereby reduce costs. In this study, we validate an assay to measure RSV neutralization in dried capillary blood.
Methods: Functional antibodies were compared between matched serum and dried blood samples from a phase 1 trial with RSM01, an investigational anti-RSV prefusion F mAb. Hep-2 cells were infected with a serial dilution of sample-virus mixture by using RSV-A2-mKate to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration. Stability of dried blood was evaluated over time and during temperature stress.
Results: Functional antibodies in dried blood were highly correlated with serum (R2 = 0.98, P < .0001). The precision of the assay for dried blood was similar to serum. The function of mAb remained stable for 9 months at room temperature and frozen dried blood samples.
Conclusions: We demonstrated the feasibility of measuring RSV neutralization using dried blood as a patient-centered solution that may replace serology testing in trials against RSV or other viruses, such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT05118386 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
{"title":"RSV Neutralizing Antibodies in Dried Blood.","authors":"Jonne Terstappen, Eveline M Delemarre, Anouk Versnel, Joleen T White, Alexandrine Derrien-Colemyn, Tracy J Ruckwardt, Louis J Bont, Natalie I Mazur","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiad543","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiad543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The key correlate of protection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is virus neutralization, measured via sera obtained through venipuncture. Dried blood obtained with a finger prick can simplify acquisition, processing, storage, and transport in trials and thereby reduce costs. In this study, we validate an assay to measure RSV neutralization in dried capillary blood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Functional antibodies were compared between matched serum and dried blood samples from a phase 1 trial with RSM01, an investigational anti-RSV prefusion F mAb. Hep-2 cells were infected with a serial dilution of sample-virus mixture by using RSV-A2-mKate to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration. Stability of dried blood was evaluated over time and during temperature stress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Functional antibodies in dried blood were highly correlated with serum (R2 = 0.98, P < .0001). The precision of the assay for dried blood was similar to serum. The function of mAb remained stable for 9 months at room temperature and frozen dried blood samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We demonstrated the feasibility of measuring RSV neutralization using dried blood as a patient-centered solution that may replace serology testing in trials against RSV or other viruses, such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT05118386 (ClinicalTrials.gov).</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11272053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brendan J Kelly, Jennie H Kwon, Michael H Woodworth
Food and Drug Administration approval of the first microbiome therapies represents a true expansion the treatment paradigm for Clostridioides difficile but raises new questions about the future role of fecal microbiota transplantation. The authors outline the advances in microbiome therapeutic development that have addressed fecal microbiota transplantation's (FMT's) inherent limitations of safety and scalability. The authors also suggest that as microbiome therapeutic development continues for other indications, FMT will likely remain a necessary model of human microbiota dynamics for translational research.
{"title":"Escape Velocity-the Launch of Microbiome Therapies.","authors":"Brendan J Kelly, Jennie H Kwon, Michael H Woodworth","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae099","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food and Drug Administration approval of the first microbiome therapies represents a true expansion the treatment paradigm for Clostridioides difficile but raises new questions about the future role of fecal microbiota transplantation. The authors outline the advances in microbiome therapeutic development that have addressed fecal microbiota transplantation's (FMT's) inherent limitations of safety and scalability. The authors also suggest that as microbiome therapeutic development continues for other indications, FMT will likely remain a necessary model of human microbiota dynamics for translational research.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11272035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mary Bridget Waters, Kevin Hybiske, Ren Ikeda, Bernhard Kaltenboeck, Lisa E Manhart, Kristen M Kreisel, Christine M Khosropour
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a sexually transmitted infection that can lead to adverse reproductive health outcomes. CT prevalence estimates are primarily derived from screening using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). However, screening guidelines in the United States only include particular subpopulations, and NAATs only detect current infections. In contrast, seroassays identify past CT infections, which is important for understanding the public health impacts of CT, including pelvic inflammatory disease and tubal factor infertility. Older seroassays have been plagued by low sensitivity and specificity and have not been validated using a consistent reference measure, making it challenging to compare studies, define the epidemiology of CT, and determine the effectiveness of control programs. Newer seroassays have better performance characteristics. This narrative review summarizes the "state of the science" for CT seroassays that have been applied in epidemiologic studies and provides practical considerations for interpreting the literature and employing seroassays in future research.
{"title":"Chlamydia trachomatis Seroassays Used in Epidemiologic Research: A Narrative Review and Practical Considerations.","authors":"Mary Bridget Waters, Kevin Hybiske, Ren Ikeda, Bernhard Kaltenboeck, Lisa E Manhart, Kristen M Kreisel, Christine M Khosropour","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae199","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a sexually transmitted infection that can lead to adverse reproductive health outcomes. CT prevalence estimates are primarily derived from screening using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). However, screening guidelines in the United States only include particular subpopulations, and NAATs only detect current infections. In contrast, seroassays identify past CT infections, which is important for understanding the public health impacts of CT, including pelvic inflammatory disease and tubal factor infertility. Older seroassays have been plagued by low sensitivity and specificity and have not been validated using a consistent reference measure, making it challenging to compare studies, define the epidemiology of CT, and determine the effectiveness of control programs. Newer seroassays have better performance characteristics. This narrative review summarizes the \"state of the science\" for CT seroassays that have been applied in epidemiologic studies and provides practical considerations for interpreting the literature and employing seroassays in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11272089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahra R Tehrani, Parham Habibzadeh, Robin Flinko, Hegang Chen, Abdolrahim Abbasi, Jean A Yared, Stanca M Ciupe, George K Lewis, Mohammad M Sajadi
Generation of a stable long-lived plasma cell (LLPC) population is the sine qua non of durable antibody responses after vaccination or infection. We studied 20 individuals with a prior coronavirus disease 2019 infection and characterized the antibody response using bone marrow aspiration and plasma samples. We noted deficient generation of spike-specific LLPCs in the bone marrow after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Furthermore, while the regression model explained 98% of the observed variance in anti-tetanus immunoglobulin G levels based on LLPC enzyme-linked immunospot assay, we were unable to fit the same model with anti-spike antibodies, again pointing to the lack of LLPC contribution to circulating anti-spike antibodies.
{"title":"Deficient Generation of Spike-Specific Long-Lived Plasma Cells in the Bone Marrow After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.","authors":"Zahra R Tehrani, Parham Habibzadeh, Robin Flinko, Hegang Chen, Abdolrahim Abbasi, Jean A Yared, Stanca M Ciupe, George K Lewis, Mohammad M Sajadi","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiad603","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiad603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Generation of a stable long-lived plasma cell (LLPC) population is the sine qua non of durable antibody responses after vaccination or infection. We studied 20 individuals with a prior coronavirus disease 2019 infection and characterized the antibody response using bone marrow aspiration and plasma samples. We noted deficient generation of spike-specific LLPCs in the bone marrow after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Furthermore, while the regression model explained 98% of the observed variance in anti-tetanus immunoglobulin G levels based on LLPC enzyme-linked immunospot assay, we were unable to fit the same model with anti-spike antibodies, again pointing to the lack of LLPC contribution to circulating anti-spike antibodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11272043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tino F Schwarz, Shinn-Jang Hwang, Pedro Ylisastigui, Chiu-Shong Liu, Kenji Takazawa, Makoto Yono, John E Ervin, Charles P Andrews, Charles Fogarty, Tamara Eckermann, Delphine Collete, Magali de Heusch, Nathalie De Schrevel, Bruno Salaun, Axel Lambert, Céline Maréchal, Aurélie Olivier, Phoebe Nakanwagi, Marc Lievens, Veronica Hulstrøm
Background: The recently approved AS01E-adjuvanted respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F protein-based vaccine for older adults (RSVPreF3 OA) demonstrated high efficacy against RSV-related disease in ≥60-year-olds.
Methods: This ongoing phase 3 study in ≥60-year-olds evaluates immune persistence until 3 years after RSVPreF3 OA vaccination. Here, we describe interim results on humoral and cell-mediated immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety until 1 year post-dose 1.
Results: In total, 1653 participants were vaccinated. One month post-dose 1, neutralization titers increased 10.5-fold (RSV-A) and 7.8-fold (RSV-B) vs pre-dose 1. Titers then declined to levels 4.4-fold (RSV-A) and 3.5-fold (RSV-B) above pre-dose 1 at month 6 and remained 3.1-fold (RSV-A) and 2.3-fold (RSV-B) above pre-dose 1 levels after 1 year. RSVPreF3-binding immunoglobulin G levels and CD4+ T-cell frequencies showed similar kinetics. Solicited administration-site and systemic adverse events (mostly mild to moderate and transient) were reported by 62.2% and 49.5% of participants. Serious adverse events were reported by 3.9% of participants within 6 months post-dose 1; 1 case was considered vaccine related.
Conclusions: One RSVPreF3 OA dose elicited cell-mediated and RSV-A- and RSV-B-specific humoral immune responses that declined over time but remained above pre-dose 1 levels for at least 1 year. The vaccine was well tolerated with an acceptable safety profile. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04732871 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
{"title":"Immunogenicity and Safety Following 1 Dose of AS01E-Adjuvanted Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein Vaccine in Older Adults: A Phase 3 Trial.","authors":"Tino F Schwarz, Shinn-Jang Hwang, Pedro Ylisastigui, Chiu-Shong Liu, Kenji Takazawa, Makoto Yono, John E Ervin, Charles P Andrews, Charles Fogarty, Tamara Eckermann, Delphine Collete, Magali de Heusch, Nathalie De Schrevel, Bruno Salaun, Axel Lambert, Céline Maréchal, Aurélie Olivier, Phoebe Nakanwagi, Marc Lievens, Veronica Hulstrøm","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiad546","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiad546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The recently approved AS01E-adjuvanted respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F protein-based vaccine for older adults (RSVPreF3 OA) demonstrated high efficacy against RSV-related disease in ≥60-year-olds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This ongoing phase 3 study in ≥60-year-olds evaluates immune persistence until 3 years after RSVPreF3 OA vaccination. Here, we describe interim results on humoral and cell-mediated immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety until 1 year post-dose 1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 1653 participants were vaccinated. One month post-dose 1, neutralization titers increased 10.5-fold (RSV-A) and 7.8-fold (RSV-B) vs pre-dose 1. Titers then declined to levels 4.4-fold (RSV-A) and 3.5-fold (RSV-B) above pre-dose 1 at month 6 and remained 3.1-fold (RSV-A) and 2.3-fold (RSV-B) above pre-dose 1 levels after 1 year. RSVPreF3-binding immunoglobulin G levels and CD4+ T-cell frequencies showed similar kinetics. Solicited administration-site and systemic adverse events (mostly mild to moderate and transient) were reported by 62.2% and 49.5% of participants. Serious adverse events were reported by 3.9% of participants within 6 months post-dose 1; 1 case was considered vaccine related.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>One RSVPreF3 OA dose elicited cell-mediated and RSV-A- and RSV-B-specific humoral immune responses that declined over time but remained above pre-dose 1 levels for at least 1 year. The vaccine was well tolerated with an acceptable safety profile. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04732871 (ClinicalTrials.gov).</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11272088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Abnormal cervical cytology is commonly observed in women with human immunodeficiency virus (WWH).
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 130 WWH and 147 age-matched healthy controls, who underwent gynecological examinations at Beijing Ditan Hospital. The presence of abnormal cervical cytology in WWH was predicted after performing a logistic regression analysis.
Results: Multivariate logistic regression revealed 3 independent factors, among which CD4 cell count ≥350 cells/μL was the protective factor, while human papillomavirus infection and abnormal vaginal pH were the risk factors.
Conclusions: Vaginal microecological disorders can increase the risk of abnormal cervical cytology in WWH.
{"title":"Effect of Vaginal Microecological Disorders on the Increased Risk of Abnormal Cervical Cytology Among Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in China.","authors":"Xiaolei Wang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Jiang Xiao, Chuan Song, Tingting Liu, Jun Liu, Hongxin Zhao","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae058","DOIUrl":"10.1093/infdis/jiae058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Abnormal cervical cytology is commonly observed in women with human immunodeficiency virus (WWH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 130 WWH and 147 age-matched healthy controls, who underwent gynecological examinations at Beijing Ditan Hospital. The presence of abnormal cervical cytology in WWH was predicted after performing a logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariate logistic regression revealed 3 independent factors, among which CD4 cell count ≥350 cells/μL was the protective factor, while human papillomavirus infection and abnormal vaginal pH were the risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Vaginal microecological disorders can increase the risk of abnormal cervical cytology in WWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":50179,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}