Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1177/24723444241237313
Huipu Gao, A. S. Deaton, Roger Barker
Heat stress has always been a critical issue among firefighters. Previous studies have indicated the potential influence of water-repellent finishing on heat release properties of clothing. Nevertheless, the impact of durable water repellent in a thermal liner on firefighter heat stress has never been studied. In this work, the impact of durable water-repellent finishing inside the thermal liner on heat stress has been evaluated systematically for the first time, using a sweat-guarded hotplate, a sweating manikin, and a physiological manikin. The results showed that there was no significant difference in heat loss capabilities on the fabric level or garment level between turnout clothing with or without durable water-repellent finishing in the thermal liner. In addition, no significant differences were identified in predicted physiological responses when tested in a mild environment. However, the turnout clothing with durable water-repellent finishing in the thermal liner demonstrated significantly less weight gain after the physiological manikin test. This initial investigation lays the groundwork for understanding how durable water-repellent finishing in thermal liners may impact firefighter comfort. It acts as a starting point for further research on the potential impact of durable water-repellent finishing on thermal protection and overall comfort under various ambient conditions.
{"title":"Impact of Durable Water-Repellent Finishing in Thermal Liner on Firefighter Heat Stress","authors":"Huipu Gao, A. S. Deaton, Roger Barker","doi":"10.1177/24723444241237313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444241237313","url":null,"abstract":"Heat stress has always been a critical issue among firefighters. Previous studies have indicated the potential influence of water-repellent finishing on heat release properties of clothing. Nevertheless, the impact of durable water repellent in a thermal liner on firefighter heat stress has never been studied. In this work, the impact of durable water-repellent finishing inside the thermal liner on heat stress has been evaluated systematically for the first time, using a sweat-guarded hotplate, a sweating manikin, and a physiological manikin. The results showed that there was no significant difference in heat loss capabilities on the fabric level or garment level between turnout clothing with or without durable water-repellent finishing in the thermal liner. In addition, no significant differences were identified in predicted physiological responses when tested in a mild environment. However, the turnout clothing with durable water-repellent finishing in the thermal liner demonstrated significantly less weight gain after the physiological manikin test. This initial investigation lays the groundwork for understanding how durable water-repellent finishing in thermal liners may impact firefighter comfort. It acts as a starting point for further research on the potential impact of durable water-repellent finishing on thermal protection and overall comfort under various ambient conditions.","PeriodicalId":502144,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140369036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1177/24723444241237302
Sophia Jackson, Jonathan Chen
The utilization of face-covering masks as an extended form of personal protective equipment has led to exponential waste measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, with estimations of up to 7200 tons of medical-type waste daily. A primary cause of this waste is surgical layered disposable masks that are constructed by melt-blown nonwovens usually made of non-biodegradable thermoplastic polymers like polypropylene. To increase widespread sustainable options to the public, commercialized or do-it-yourself-based fabric masks serve as a solution, but their resistance to harmful molecules is less than that of the medical-grade masks due to the fabric structure that leaves space for penetration. This project examines a water-soluble dispersion composed of cellulose nanofiber and polyvinyl alcohol, as a spray agent capable of treating the mask fabric surface to promote protection and sustainability against harmful aerosol particles. Cellulose nanofiber spray is also low-cost and biocompatible and could allow multi-use through home laundering. Polyvinyl alcohol was chosen as the water-soluble bonding system and polymer matrix to effectively adhere cellulose nanofiber onto the mask surface. This project follows the biomimic concept of dragonfly wings having uneven nanopillar surfaces to trap and rip bacterial membranes, as the spray decreases the water droplet contact angle on fabric surface, resulting in an increase in adhesion for incident bacteria and/or viruses.
{"title":"Cellulose nanofiber as mask/personal protective equipment surface agent for enhanced anti-bacterial performance","authors":"Sophia Jackson, Jonathan Chen","doi":"10.1177/24723444241237302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444241237302","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of face-covering masks as an extended form of personal protective equipment has led to exponential waste measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, with estimations of up to 7200 tons of medical-type waste daily. A primary cause of this waste is surgical layered disposable masks that are constructed by melt-blown nonwovens usually made of non-biodegradable thermoplastic polymers like polypropylene. To increase widespread sustainable options to the public, commercialized or do-it-yourself-based fabric masks serve as a solution, but their resistance to harmful molecules is less than that of the medical-grade masks due to the fabric structure that leaves space for penetration. This project examines a water-soluble dispersion composed of cellulose nanofiber and polyvinyl alcohol, as a spray agent capable of treating the mask fabric surface to promote protection and sustainability against harmful aerosol particles. Cellulose nanofiber spray is also low-cost and biocompatible and could allow multi-use through home laundering. Polyvinyl alcohol was chosen as the water-soluble bonding system and polymer matrix to effectively adhere cellulose nanofiber onto the mask surface. This project follows the biomimic concept of dragonfly wings having uneven nanopillar surfaces to trap and rip bacterial membranes, as the spray decreases the water droplet contact angle on fabric surface, resulting in an increase in adhesion for incident bacteria and/or viruses.","PeriodicalId":502144,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"109 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.1177/24723444241237301
Ashley Newland, Jan Halámek, Seshadri Ramkumar
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances are a growing concern in the paper and nonwoven industry, as current research provides alarming results regarding the abundance and persistence of these substances from food packaging producers. It was reported that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances have been detected in blood serum of thousands of individuals originating from food packaging that contains per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. In addition, 20–56% of all products tested had detectable levels that immensely contribute to dietary exposure. Paper mills are also a significant source of exposure due to environmental contamination surpassing emission regulations set by the Environmental Protection Agency by over 100,000 parts per trillion. These studies exemplify the necessity for paper-based product producers to not only abide by regulations but also demonstrate the implementation of remediation efforts. With current research on novel remediation techniques and increased restrictions surrounding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance usage for water repellency, decreased contamination and exposure will be achieved throughout the world. This article serves as a brief review that focuses on the nonwoven manufacturing sector, which includes pulp, paper, and tissue related to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance contamination in the environment and drinking water sources. This review addresses the statistical evaluation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance levels throughout the world from paper and nonwoven product manufacturing, along with remediation methods and legislation to reduce contamination and exposure. To the best of our ability, this important and sensitive subject area has been researched extensively. However, many data gaps are present within the field, and limited studies have been conducted contributing to this brief review, which highlights the importance of further studies surrounding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the paper and nonwoven sectors. This article encompasses all available information in the paper and nonwoven sector regarding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances that can be used for reference by the general public and by manufacturers in the nonwoven production industry.
{"title":"Remediation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Nonwoven Production and Paper Sectors: A Brief Review","authors":"Ashley Newland, Jan Halámek, Seshadri Ramkumar","doi":"10.1177/24723444241237301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444241237301","url":null,"abstract":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances are a growing concern in the paper and nonwoven industry, as current research provides alarming results regarding the abundance and persistence of these substances from food packaging producers. It was reported that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances have been detected in blood serum of thousands of individuals originating from food packaging that contains per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. In addition, 20–56% of all products tested had detectable levels that immensely contribute to dietary exposure. Paper mills are also a significant source of exposure due to environmental contamination surpassing emission regulations set by the Environmental Protection Agency by over 100,000 parts per trillion. These studies exemplify the necessity for paper-based product producers to not only abide by regulations but also demonstrate the implementation of remediation efforts. With current research on novel remediation techniques and increased restrictions surrounding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance usage for water repellency, decreased contamination and exposure will be achieved throughout the world. This article serves as a brief review that focuses on the nonwoven manufacturing sector, which includes pulp, paper, and tissue related to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance contamination in the environment and drinking water sources. This review addresses the statistical evaluation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance levels throughout the world from paper and nonwoven product manufacturing, along with remediation methods and legislation to reduce contamination and exposure. To the best of our ability, this important and sensitive subject area has been researched extensively. However, many data gaps are present within the field, and limited studies have been conducted contributing to this brief review, which highlights the importance of further studies surrounding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the paper and nonwoven sectors. This article encompasses all available information in the paper and nonwoven sector regarding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances that can be used for reference by the general public and by manufacturers in the nonwoven production industry.","PeriodicalId":502144,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140384295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.1177/24723444241237316
Ayub Ali, M. A. R. Bhuiyan, M. Mohebbullah, M. F. Hossain, Md Rubel Alam, Md. Nur Uddin, Md. Ariful Islam, M. A. Hossain, Azizur Rahman, Md. Golam Mortuza Limon, Imam Hossain
Mitigating health issues utilizing medicinal plants is an ancient practice that has surged in recent times due to the advent of sophisticated technology. Plant extracts incorporated in electrospun nanofibers having biocompatibility and germicidal activity are, therefore, become a competitive choice for biomedical applications. In this study, a novel co-axial electrospun nanofibrous mat with enhanced antimicrobial performance was successfully developed using poly (vinyl alcohol) in the core and collagen– Nigella sativa in the sheath. The structural analysis of the developed nanofibrous mat through a scanning electron microscope revealed the formation of nanofibers with diameters varying from 205 to 250 nm randomly oriented in the membrane. The FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the existence of poly(vinyl alcohol), collagen, and nigella extract in the nanofibrous mat from their respective characteristic peaks. The bactericidal assay against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria through the agar diffusion method demonstrated an improved antibacterial performance with a higher zone of inhibition (17 and 37 mm) of the coaxial electrospun nanofibers with the increased amount of nigella extract. The moisture management profile indicated an adequate interaction between nanofibers and moisture/liquid, transferring the fluids through the membrane satisfactorily. The formation of such electrospun nanofibers will pave the way for selecting electrospinning techniques for appropriate designing and fabricating nanofibrous materials with enhanced functional properties for biomedical applications.
{"title":"Nigella sativa Embedded Co-axial Electrospun PVA–Collagen Composite Nanofibrous Membrane for Biomedical Applications","authors":"Ayub Ali, M. A. R. Bhuiyan, M. Mohebbullah, M. F. Hossain, Md Rubel Alam, Md. Nur Uddin, Md. Ariful Islam, M. A. Hossain, Azizur Rahman, Md. Golam Mortuza Limon, Imam Hossain","doi":"10.1177/24723444241237316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444241237316","url":null,"abstract":"Mitigating health issues utilizing medicinal plants is an ancient practice that has surged in recent times due to the advent of sophisticated technology. Plant extracts incorporated in electrospun nanofibers having biocompatibility and germicidal activity are, therefore, become a competitive choice for biomedical applications. In this study, a novel co-axial electrospun nanofibrous mat with enhanced antimicrobial performance was successfully developed using poly (vinyl alcohol) in the core and collagen– Nigella sativa in the sheath. The structural analysis of the developed nanofibrous mat through a scanning electron microscope revealed the formation of nanofibers with diameters varying from 205 to 250 nm randomly oriented in the membrane. The FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the existence of poly(vinyl alcohol), collagen, and nigella extract in the nanofibrous mat from their respective characteristic peaks. The bactericidal assay against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria through the agar diffusion method demonstrated an improved antibacterial performance with a higher zone of inhibition (17 and 37 mm) of the coaxial electrospun nanofibers with the increased amount of nigella extract. The moisture management profile indicated an adequate interaction between nanofibers and moisture/liquid, transferring the fluids through the membrane satisfactorily. The formation of such electrospun nanofibers will pave the way for selecting electrospinning techniques for appropriate designing and fabricating nanofibrous materials with enhanced functional properties for biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":502144,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.1177/24723444241230121
Hongyan Li, Yu Mo, Guanliang Dong, Yanping Jin, Dan Zhang, Jian Li, Tao Chen
The necessity for anti-heat stress workwear to ensure the safety and performance of outdoor workers in hot, humid environments is clear. Yet, there is a gap in fabric selection techniques that consider multi-criteria decisions and account for the varying functional needs across different body regions. Here, we proposed a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making approach, merging the efficacy coefficient method, analytic hierarchy process, entropy weight, and technique of order preference by similarity to the ideal solution for developing ergonomic modular outdoor workwear. This method is tailored for anti-heat stress workwear, balancing competing functional demands. Initial research involved surveying workwear requirements in terms of human, clothing, and environmental factors, leading to the selection and testing of 15 fabrics for 6 partitioned designs. We established data standardization by the efficacy coefficient method and six evaluation index systems for human body requirements, with analytic hierarchy process and entropy methods determining subjective and objective criteria weights. The technique of order preference by similarity was used to produce the ideal solution then ranking of pre-screened fabrics, culminating in the optimal selection. For validation, three uniform prototypes were developed and tested through sweating manikin experiments and human wear trials to affirm the effectiveness of our approach. The partitioned design method proved more effective for anti-heat stress workwear for outdoor workers compared to existing solutions.
{"title":"Development of Partition-Designed Outdoor Workwear with Optimal Fabric Selection","authors":"Hongyan Li, Yu Mo, Guanliang Dong, Yanping Jin, Dan Zhang, Jian Li, Tao Chen","doi":"10.1177/24723444241230121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444241230121","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity for anti-heat stress workwear to ensure the safety and performance of outdoor workers in hot, humid environments is clear. Yet, there is a gap in fabric selection techniques that consider multi-criteria decisions and account for the varying functional needs across different body regions. Here, we proposed a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making approach, merging the efficacy coefficient method, analytic hierarchy process, entropy weight, and technique of order preference by similarity to the ideal solution for developing ergonomic modular outdoor workwear. This method is tailored for anti-heat stress workwear, balancing competing functional demands. Initial research involved surveying workwear requirements in terms of human, clothing, and environmental factors, leading to the selection and testing of 15 fabrics for 6 partitioned designs. We established data standardization by the efficacy coefficient method and six evaluation index systems for human body requirements, with analytic hierarchy process and entropy methods determining subjective and objective criteria weights. The technique of order preference by similarity was used to produce the ideal solution then ranking of pre-screened fabrics, culminating in the optimal selection. For validation, three uniform prototypes were developed and tested through sweating manikin experiments and human wear trials to affirm the effectiveness of our approach. The partitioned design method proved more effective for anti-heat stress workwear for outdoor workers compared to existing solutions.","PeriodicalId":502144,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140444256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1177/24723444231220696
Juan Luo, Si Chen, Da-Wei Shi
In this study, the liquid phase oxidative polymerization method was utilized to prepare polypyrrole conductive three-dimensional spacer fabrics. By controlling pyrrole solution, oxidant FeCl3 solution, dopant p-toluene sulfonic acid concentration and reaction time, the optimal process for the preparation of conductive spacer fabrics was obtained. This led to the best preparation process of polypyrrole-coated three-dimensional spacer conductive fabric (polypyrrole/three-dimensional spacer fabrics) being obtained. The results showed that the conductive properties of polypyrrole/three-dimensional spacer fabrics were the best when 0.10 mol/L pyrrole, 0.40 mol/L oxidant FeCl3 solution, and 0.40 mol/L dopant p-toluene sulfonic acid were prepared within a 2-h reaction time. The properties of polypyrrole/three-dimensional spacer fabrics were analyzed using the results from surface resistance, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, mechanical properties, and stability tests. The results showed that polypyrrole was well attached to the three-dimensional spacer fabric surface, and the concentration of polypyrrole in the fabric exhibited an inverse correlation with changes in surface resistance. The mechanical properties of polypyrrole/three-dimensional spacer fabrics after treatment exhibit superior performance, with consistent changes in the meridional and zonal electrical properties during tensile testing and can maintain excellent long-term electrical stability in atmospheric environments.
{"title":"Study of Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Polypyrrole-Coated three-dimensional Spacer Fabric","authors":"Juan Luo, Si Chen, Da-Wei Shi","doi":"10.1177/24723444231220696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444231220696","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the liquid phase oxidative polymerization method was utilized to prepare polypyrrole conductive three-dimensional spacer fabrics. By controlling pyrrole solution, oxidant FeCl3 solution, dopant p-toluene sulfonic acid concentration and reaction time, the optimal process for the preparation of conductive spacer fabrics was obtained. This led to the best preparation process of polypyrrole-coated three-dimensional spacer conductive fabric (polypyrrole/three-dimensional spacer fabrics) being obtained. The results showed that the conductive properties of polypyrrole/three-dimensional spacer fabrics were the best when 0.10 mol/L pyrrole, 0.40 mol/L oxidant FeCl3 solution, and 0.40 mol/L dopant p-toluene sulfonic acid were prepared within a 2-h reaction time. The properties of polypyrrole/three-dimensional spacer fabrics were analyzed using the results from surface resistance, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, mechanical properties, and stability tests. The results showed that polypyrrole was well attached to the three-dimensional spacer fabric surface, and the concentration of polypyrrole in the fabric exhibited an inverse correlation with changes in surface resistance. The mechanical properties of polypyrrole/three-dimensional spacer fabrics after treatment exhibit superior performance, with consistent changes in the meridional and zonal electrical properties during tensile testing and can maintain excellent long-term electrical stability in atmospheric environments.","PeriodicalId":502144,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"10 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139783053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1177/24723444231220696
Juan Luo, Si Chen, Da-Wei Shi
In this study, the liquid phase oxidative polymerization method was utilized to prepare polypyrrole conductive three-dimensional spacer fabrics. By controlling pyrrole solution, oxidant FeCl3 solution, dopant p-toluene sulfonic acid concentration and reaction time, the optimal process for the preparation of conductive spacer fabrics was obtained. This led to the best preparation process of polypyrrole-coated three-dimensional spacer conductive fabric (polypyrrole/three-dimensional spacer fabrics) being obtained. The results showed that the conductive properties of polypyrrole/three-dimensional spacer fabrics were the best when 0.10 mol/L pyrrole, 0.40 mol/L oxidant FeCl3 solution, and 0.40 mol/L dopant p-toluene sulfonic acid were prepared within a 2-h reaction time. The properties of polypyrrole/three-dimensional spacer fabrics were analyzed using the results from surface resistance, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, mechanical properties, and stability tests. The results showed that polypyrrole was well attached to the three-dimensional spacer fabric surface, and the concentration of polypyrrole in the fabric exhibited an inverse correlation with changes in surface resistance. The mechanical properties of polypyrrole/three-dimensional spacer fabrics after treatment exhibit superior performance, with consistent changes in the meridional and zonal electrical properties during tensile testing and can maintain excellent long-term electrical stability in atmospheric environments.
{"title":"Study of Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Polypyrrole-Coated three-dimensional Spacer Fabric","authors":"Juan Luo, Si Chen, Da-Wei Shi","doi":"10.1177/24723444231220696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444231220696","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the liquid phase oxidative polymerization method was utilized to prepare polypyrrole conductive three-dimensional spacer fabrics. By controlling pyrrole solution, oxidant FeCl3 solution, dopant p-toluene sulfonic acid concentration and reaction time, the optimal process for the preparation of conductive spacer fabrics was obtained. This led to the best preparation process of polypyrrole-coated three-dimensional spacer conductive fabric (polypyrrole/three-dimensional spacer fabrics) being obtained. The results showed that the conductive properties of polypyrrole/three-dimensional spacer fabrics were the best when 0.10 mol/L pyrrole, 0.40 mol/L oxidant FeCl3 solution, and 0.40 mol/L dopant p-toluene sulfonic acid were prepared within a 2-h reaction time. The properties of polypyrrole/three-dimensional spacer fabrics were analyzed using the results from surface resistance, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, mechanical properties, and stability tests. The results showed that polypyrrole was well attached to the three-dimensional spacer fabric surface, and the concentration of polypyrrole in the fabric exhibited an inverse correlation with changes in surface resistance. The mechanical properties of polypyrrole/three-dimensional spacer fabrics after treatment exhibit superior performance, with consistent changes in the meridional and zonal electrical properties during tensile testing and can maintain excellent long-term electrical stability in atmospheric environments.","PeriodicalId":502144,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"150 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139842829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To make full use of waste feather resources, waste feather fiber/polybutanediol succinate gradient sound-absorbing composites were prepared by a hot-pressing process with waste feather fiber as a reinforcing material and polybutanediol succinate as a matrix material. It can be applied to construction and other fields. The influence of gradient waste feather fiber mass fraction, gradient material density, and gradient material thickness on the sound-absorbing performance was studied, and the sound-absorbing mechanism of the material was analyzed. To determine the average sound-absorbing coefficient, maximum absorbing coefficient, and noise reduction coefficient as the evaluation index, the gradient sound-absorbing composites with waste feathers were compared with market common porous sound-absorbing materials with polyester fiber and wool fiber. The maximum sound-absorbing coefficient of the gradient sound-absorbing composites with waste feathers was 0.860; the average sound-absorbing coefficient was 0.408; the noise reduction coefficient was 0.393; and the noise reduction grade was IV. The sound-absorbing band was wide, and gradient sound-absorbing composites with waste feathers can be applied over a wide range.
为充分利用废弃羽毛资源，以废弃羽毛纤维为增强材料，聚丁二醇琥珀酸酯为基体材料，采用热压工艺制备了废弃羽毛纤维/聚丁二醇琥珀酸酯梯度吸声复合材料。该材料可应用于建筑等领域。研究了梯度废羽毛纤维质量分数、梯度材料密度和梯度材料厚度对吸声性能的影响，并分析了材料的吸声机理。以平均吸声系数、最大吸声系数和降噪系数为评价指标，将废羽毛梯度吸声复合材料与市场上常见的聚酯纤维和羊毛纤维多孔吸声材料进行了比较。废羽毛梯度吸声复合材料的最大吸声系数为 0.860，平均吸声系数为 0.408，降噪系数为 0.393，降噪等级为 IV 级。吸声频带较宽，废羽毛梯度吸声复合材料的应用范围较广。
{"title":"Preparation and Properties of Gradient Sound-Absorbing Composites with Waste Feathers","authors":"Lihua Lyu, Jiaxin Pan, Jing Lu, Xing-lin Zhou, Yuan Gao","doi":"10.1177/24723444231215447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444231215447","url":null,"abstract":"To make full use of waste feather resources, waste feather fiber/polybutanediol succinate gradient sound-absorbing composites were prepared by a hot-pressing process with waste feather fiber as a reinforcing material and polybutanediol succinate as a matrix material. It can be applied to construction and other fields. The influence of gradient waste feather fiber mass fraction, gradient material density, and gradient material thickness on the sound-absorbing performance was studied, and the sound-absorbing mechanism of the material was analyzed. To determine the average sound-absorbing coefficient, maximum absorbing coefficient, and noise reduction coefficient as the evaluation index, the gradient sound-absorbing composites with waste feathers were compared with market common porous sound-absorbing materials with polyester fiber and wool fiber. The maximum sound-absorbing coefficient of the gradient sound-absorbing composites with waste feathers was 0.860; the average sound-absorbing coefficient was 0.408; the noise reduction coefficient was 0.393; and the noise reduction grade was IV. The sound-absorbing band was wide, and gradient sound-absorbing composites with waste feathers can be applied over a wide range.","PeriodicalId":502144,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139882949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1177/24723444231222564
Jian Li, Xinwen Cui, Qianqian Huang, Jun Li
Despite the mandatory use of medical disposable protective clothing to protect against infectious hazards, how to determine optimal safe working hours induced by physical fatigue while wearing medical disposable protective clothing remains unknown. Driven by these questions, here we quantify the extent of physical fatigue experienced by medical staff wearing medical disposable protective clothings in isolation wards to identify a safe work duration. Eight healthy males were subjected to light (2.1 km/h) and moderate (4.3 km/h) treadmill exercises while wearing two different ensembles. Four physiological (tympanic temperature Tcore, mean skin temperature Tsk, heart rate, and sweat loss) and two subjective indicators (thermal sensation and humidity sensation) were measured. We then introduced a discrete gray model(1,1) to determine safe working hours. The study indicated that even at lower temperatures, prolonged wearing of medical disposable protective clothing could significantly affect physiological indicators such as Tcore and Tsk ( p < 0.001), with Tcore being the predominant factor limiting safe working hours. Regarding medical disposable protective clothing-1-light, medical disposable protective clothing-1-moderate, medical disposable protective clothing-2-light, and medical disposable protective clothing-2-moderate intensity activities, the safe working hours were 6.33, 2.83, 2.83, and 2.25 h. This article presented a new approach to determining safe working hours for wearing medical disposable protective clothing from physiological thermal limits with small sample data. However, this is a preliminary study, and further validation of the prediction model through additional experiments is necessary.
{"title":"Determining Safe Working Hours of Wearing Medical Disposable Protective Clothing From Physiological Thermal Limits: A Pilot Study","authors":"Jian Li, Xinwen Cui, Qianqian Huang, Jun Li","doi":"10.1177/24723444231222564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444231222564","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the mandatory use of medical disposable protective clothing to protect against infectious hazards, how to determine optimal safe working hours induced by physical fatigue while wearing medical disposable protective clothing remains unknown. Driven by these questions, here we quantify the extent of physical fatigue experienced by medical staff wearing medical disposable protective clothings in isolation wards to identify a safe work duration. Eight healthy males were subjected to light (2.1 km/h) and moderate (4.3 km/h) treadmill exercises while wearing two different ensembles. Four physiological (tympanic temperature Tcore, mean skin temperature Tsk, heart rate, and sweat loss) and two subjective indicators (thermal sensation and humidity sensation) were measured. We then introduced a discrete gray model(1,1) to determine safe working hours. The study indicated that even at lower temperatures, prolonged wearing of medical disposable protective clothing could significantly affect physiological indicators such as Tcore and Tsk ( p < 0.001), with Tcore being the predominant factor limiting safe working hours. Regarding medical disposable protective clothing-1-light, medical disposable protective clothing-1-moderate, medical disposable protective clothing-2-light, and medical disposable protective clothing-2-moderate intensity activities, the safe working hours were 6.33, 2.83, 2.83, and 2.25 h. This article presented a new approach to determining safe working hours for wearing medical disposable protective clothing from physiological thermal limits with small sample data. However, this is a preliminary study, and further validation of the prediction model through additional experiments is necessary.","PeriodicalId":502144,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139879483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1177/24723444231222564
Jian Li, Xinwen Cui, Qianqian Huang, Jun Li
Despite the mandatory use of medical disposable protective clothing to protect against infectious hazards, how to determine optimal safe working hours induced by physical fatigue while wearing medical disposable protective clothing remains unknown. Driven by these questions, here we quantify the extent of physical fatigue experienced by medical staff wearing medical disposable protective clothings in isolation wards to identify a safe work duration. Eight healthy males were subjected to light (2.1 km/h) and moderate (4.3 km/h) treadmill exercises while wearing two different ensembles. Four physiological (tympanic temperature Tcore, mean skin temperature Tsk, heart rate, and sweat loss) and two subjective indicators (thermal sensation and humidity sensation) were measured. We then introduced a discrete gray model(1,1) to determine safe working hours. The study indicated that even at lower temperatures, prolonged wearing of medical disposable protective clothing could significantly affect physiological indicators such as Tcore and Tsk ( p < 0.001), with Tcore being the predominant factor limiting safe working hours. Regarding medical disposable protective clothing-1-light, medical disposable protective clothing-1-moderate, medical disposable protective clothing-2-light, and medical disposable protective clothing-2-moderate intensity activities, the safe working hours were 6.33, 2.83, 2.83, and 2.25 h. This article presented a new approach to determining safe working hours for wearing medical disposable protective clothing from physiological thermal limits with small sample data. However, this is a preliminary study, and further validation of the prediction model through additional experiments is necessary.
{"title":"Determining Safe Working Hours of Wearing Medical Disposable Protective Clothing From Physiological Thermal Limits: A Pilot Study","authors":"Jian Li, Xinwen Cui, Qianqian Huang, Jun Li","doi":"10.1177/24723444231222564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444231222564","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the mandatory use of medical disposable protective clothing to protect against infectious hazards, how to determine optimal safe working hours induced by physical fatigue while wearing medical disposable protective clothing remains unknown. Driven by these questions, here we quantify the extent of physical fatigue experienced by medical staff wearing medical disposable protective clothings in isolation wards to identify a safe work duration. Eight healthy males were subjected to light (2.1 km/h) and moderate (4.3 km/h) treadmill exercises while wearing two different ensembles. Four physiological (tympanic temperature Tcore, mean skin temperature Tsk, heart rate, and sweat loss) and two subjective indicators (thermal sensation and humidity sensation) were measured. We then introduced a discrete gray model(1,1) to determine safe working hours. The study indicated that even at lower temperatures, prolonged wearing of medical disposable protective clothing could significantly affect physiological indicators such as Tcore and Tsk ( p < 0.001), with Tcore being the predominant factor limiting safe working hours. Regarding medical disposable protective clothing-1-light, medical disposable protective clothing-1-moderate, medical disposable protective clothing-2-light, and medical disposable protective clothing-2-moderate intensity activities, the safe working hours were 6.33, 2.83, 2.83, and 2.25 h. This article presented a new approach to determining safe working hours for wearing medical disposable protective clothing from physiological thermal limits with small sample data. However, this is a preliminary study, and further validation of the prediction model through additional experiments is necessary.","PeriodicalId":502144,"journal":{"name":"AATCC Journal of Research","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139819740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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