K. Sharan, Manish Rohilla, Pranab Dey, Radhika Srinivasan, N. Kakkar, R. Mavuduru
Urinary cytology (UrCy) is highly sensitive to diagnosing high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) but cannot predict muscularis propria invasion. Further, the atypical urothelial cell category (AUC) may have variable outcomes. Image morphometry (IM) may be a valuable adjunct technique in this setting. Hence, we evaluated IM in the AUC and HGUC categories to improve the diagnostic performance. The following six nuclear parameters were evaluated by IM on 3150 cells: nucleo-cytoplasmic (N:C) ratio, nuclear area, diameter, perimeter, standard deviation of the nuclear area (SDNA; pleomorphism) and integrated density (ID; nuclear chromasia), using the ImageJ software, in three cohorts based on the histopathology outcome: 20 cases of AUC – benign non-neoplastic outcome (AUC-B); 22 cases of HGUC Muscle invasive (HGUC-MI) and 21 cases of HGUC non-muscle invasive (HGUC-MF). A retrospective analysis of urine cytology. The patient’s ages ranged from 36 to 85 years, with a mean age of 60.6. The male-to-female ratio was 5.4:1. A total of 20 cases of AUC-B and 43 cases of HGUC were selected for IM analysis. HGUC cases had higher nuclear parameters than AUC-B, and HGUC-MI had higher SDNA, ID, diameter, and area than HGUC-MF. SDNA and ID predict muscularis propria invasion in HGUC. Image morphometry successfully differentiates HGUC cases from benign non-neoplastic ones and might help to identify muscularis propria invasion in HGUC using a combination of nuclear parameters.
{"title":"Utility of Image Morphometry in the Atypical Urothelial Cells and High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma Categories of the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology","authors":"K. Sharan, Manish Rohilla, Pranab Dey, Radhika Srinivasan, N. Kakkar, R. Mavuduru","doi":"10.4103/joc.joc_177_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/joc.joc_177_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Urinary cytology (UrCy) is highly sensitive to diagnosing high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) but cannot predict muscularis propria invasion. Further, the atypical urothelial cell category (AUC) may have variable outcomes. Image morphometry (IM) may be a valuable adjunct technique in this setting. Hence, we evaluated IM in the AUC and HGUC categories to improve the diagnostic performance.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The following six nuclear parameters were evaluated by IM on 3150 cells: nucleo-cytoplasmic (N:C) ratio, nuclear area, diameter, perimeter, standard deviation of the nuclear area (SDNA; pleomorphism) and integrated density (ID; nuclear chromasia), using the ImageJ software, in three cohorts based on the histopathology outcome: 20 cases of AUC – benign non-neoplastic outcome (AUC-B); 22 cases of HGUC Muscle invasive (HGUC-MI) and 21 cases of HGUC non-muscle invasive (HGUC-MF).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A retrospective analysis of urine cytology. The patient’s ages ranged from 36 to 85 years, with a mean age of 60.6. The male-to-female ratio was 5.4:1. A total of 20 cases of AUC-B and 43 cases of HGUC were selected for IM analysis. HGUC cases had higher nuclear parameters than AUC-B, and HGUC-MI had higher SDNA, ID, diameter, and area than HGUC-MF. SDNA and ID predict muscularis propria invasion in HGUC.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Image morphometry successfully differentiates HGUC cases from benign non-neoplastic ones and might help to identify muscularis propria invasion in HGUC using a combination of nuclear parameters.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D.V.S. Priyanka, Subha Das, K. Raju, Princy S. Soman, Nikhil Chaudhary
Fixation plays an important role in fixing the cells, making them amenable for evaluation. Ethanol (95%) has been used as a standard cytological fixative. Honey can be introduced as a natural fixative. 1. To study cytomorphological features of smears fixed in 20% unprocessed honey. 2. To study the efficacy of honey as a fixative when compared with ethanol in both hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain and Papanicolaou (PAP) stain for cytological samples. A cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Pathology for 2 months on 100 cytological samples consisting of body fluids (peritoneal and pleural), cervical smears, and FNACs. These smears were fixed separately in 95% ethanol and 20% unprocessed honey for 5 minutes and were stained with both PAP and H and E stain. The cytomorphologies of both the smears were compared based on five parameters, clarity of staining, uniformity of staining, overall morphology, nuclear details, and cytoplasmic details, and the final score was calculated by adding all the scores: Total Score ≤2, poor score; 3–4, good score; 5, excellent score. Cervical smears fixed in honey showed similar features to ethanol-fixed smears. Fluid smears fixed in honey and stained with PAP yielded superior results compared to those stained with H and E, as shown by a kappa value of 0.259. However, neither of the smears demonstrated statistical significance. The FNAC samples stained with H and E and PAP exhibited nearly identical results, with a kappa value of 0.688 and 0.647, respectively. FNAC and PAP smears were the next two most successful cytological smear types, with cervical smears exhibiting the best results of the three. In honey-fixed smears, we can easily observe all cellular features with clarity. It enhances safety and the working environment in the laboratory. Honey can serve as an effective substitute in situations where resources are limited.
固定在固定细胞方面起着重要作用，可使细胞便于评估。乙醇（95%）被用作标准的细胞学固定剂。蜂蜜可作为一种天然固定剂。 1.研究用 20% 未加工蜂蜜固定的涂片的细胞形态特征。2.与乙醇相比，研究蜂蜜作为细胞学样本苏木精和伊红（H 和 E）染色及巴氏（PAP）染色固定剂的功效。 病理科对 100 份细胞学样本（包括体液（腹膜和胸膜）、宫颈涂片和 FNAC）进行了为期 2 个月的横断面研究。这些涂片分别在 95% 的乙醇和 20% 的未加工蜂蜜中固定 5 分钟，并用 PAP 和 H、E 染色法染色。根据染色的清晰度、染色的均匀性、整体形态、核细节和细胞质细节这五个参数对两种涂片的细胞形态进行比较，并将所有得分相加计算出最终得分：总分≤2分，差；3-4分，好；5分，优。 用蜂蜜固定的宫颈涂片与用乙醇固定的涂片显示出相似的特征。与用 H 和 E 染色的涂片相比，用蜂蜜固定并用 PAP 染色的液体涂片结果更佳，kappa 值为 0.259。不过，这两种涂片都没有统计学意义。用 H 和 E 及 PAP 染色的 FNAC 涂片结果几乎相同，卡帕值分别为 0.688 和 0.647。FNAC 涂片和 PAP 涂片是随后两种最成功的细胞学涂片类型，而宫颈涂片的结果是三种涂片中最好的。 在蜜固定涂片中，我们很容易清晰地观察到所有细胞特征。它提高了安全性，改善了实验室的工作环境。在资源有限的情况下，蜂蜜可作为一种有效的替代品。
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Honey Versus Alcohol as a Fixative in Cytological Samples: An Institutional Study","authors":"D.V.S. Priyanka, Subha Das, K. Raju, Princy S. Soman, Nikhil Chaudhary","doi":"10.4103/joc.joc_182_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/joc.joc_182_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Fixation plays an important role in fixing the cells, making them amenable for evaluation. Ethanol (95%) has been used as a standard cytological fixative. Honey can be introduced as a natural fixative.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 1. To study cytomorphological features of smears fixed in 20% unprocessed honey. 2. To study the efficacy of honey as a fixative when compared with ethanol in both hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain and Papanicolaou (PAP) stain for cytological samples.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Pathology for 2 months on 100 cytological samples consisting of body fluids (peritoneal and pleural), cervical smears, and FNACs. These smears were fixed separately in 95% ethanol and 20% unprocessed honey for 5 minutes and were stained with both PAP and H and E stain. The cytomorphologies of both the smears were compared based on five parameters, clarity of staining, uniformity of staining, overall morphology, nuclear details, and cytoplasmic details, and the final score was calculated by adding all the scores: Total Score ≤2, poor score; 3–4, good score; 5, excellent score.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Cervical smears fixed in honey showed similar features to ethanol-fixed smears. Fluid smears fixed in honey and stained with PAP yielded superior results compared to those stained with H and E, as shown by a kappa value of 0.259. However, neither of the smears demonstrated statistical significance. The FNAC samples stained with H and E and PAP exhibited nearly identical results, with a kappa value of 0.688 and 0.647, respectively. FNAC and PAP smears were the next two most successful cytological smear types, with cervical smears exhibiting the best results of the three.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In honey-fixed smears, we can easily observe all cellular features with clarity. It enhances safety and the working environment in the laboratory. Honey can serve as an effective substitute in situations where resources are limited.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) are a frequent class of driver mutations, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy provides considerable clinical benefits. Using the most effective and also easiest method for EGFR analysis is cost-effective and time-saving. In this study, we aimed to determine which method could be more effective by comparing the incidences of EGFR mutations in cytological and histological samples which were obtained by different methods also, whether there was a difference in the incidences of EGFR mutations between the primary foci, mediastinal lymph nodes, and distant metastatic foci. We retrospectively reviewed 420 cases of cytological materials, small biopsies, and surgical samples reported as NSCLC underwent EGFR analysis in our department between 2016 and 2022. We collected the data and interpreted the results from two different perspectives. We identified 36 EGFR mutations in 362 biopsies (9.94%) and 17 in 58 cytology samples (29.31%). There is a significant difference between the two methods (P = 0.01*). We observed 38 EGFR mutations in 320 primary foci (11.87%), 7 EGFR mutations in 36 mediastinal or subcarinal lymph nodes (19.44%), and 8 EGFR mutations in 64 distant metastatic foci (12.50%). A significant difference was also observed in pleural samples (P = 0.005*). We observed more successful results with cell blocks obtained from liquid-based cytological specimens than with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues obtained from resection or otherwise in our clinical routine. Our study results highlight the benefits of cytological specimens in molecular treatments and current therapy modalities.
{"title":"Methodological and TNM Focus-Based Comparison of EGFR Mutation Status in Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinomas","authors":"Yasemin Akca, S. Erkilic","doi":"10.4103/joc.joc_116_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/joc.joc_116_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) are a frequent class of driver mutations, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy provides considerable clinical benefits. Using the most effective and also easiest method for EGFR analysis is cost-effective and time-saving. In this study, we aimed to determine which method could be more effective by comparing the incidences of EGFR mutations in cytological and histological samples which were obtained by different methods also, whether there was a difference in the incidences of EGFR mutations between the primary foci, mediastinal lymph nodes, and distant metastatic foci.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We retrospectively reviewed 420 cases of cytological materials, small biopsies, and surgical samples reported as NSCLC underwent EGFR analysis in our department between 2016 and 2022. We collected the data and interpreted the results from two different perspectives.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We identified 36 EGFR mutations in 362 biopsies (9.94%) and 17 in 58 cytology samples (29.31%). There is a significant difference between the two methods (P = 0.01*). We observed 38 EGFR mutations in 320 primary foci (11.87%), 7 EGFR mutations in 36 mediastinal or subcarinal lymph nodes (19.44%), and 8 EGFR mutations in 64 distant metastatic foci (12.50%). A significant difference was also observed in pleural samples (P = 0.005*).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We observed more successful results with cell blocks obtained from liquid-based cytological specimens than with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues obtained from resection or otherwise in our clinical routine. Our study results highlight the benefits of cytological specimens in molecular treatments and current therapy modalities.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141849817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Al-Awadhi, Moody Alroomy, Hawraa Dashti, Kusum Kapila
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) types is associated with high-grade cervical abnormalities. The aim of the study was to find most hr-HPV types causing persistent infection in abnormal cytological samples using Aptima HPV testing and discuss the compatibility of the Gardasil 9 vaccine in targeting most types. The study was conducted in a cytology laboratory in a tertiary hospital. This is a retrospective observational study. Cytology and HPV Aptima test reports were obtained for abnormal cervical samples for a 6-year period. Pearson Chi-square test. Reports of 2834 abnormal cervical samples were analyzed. Aptima testing was positive in 21% of samples, including 92% of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 76.4% of the high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), 52% of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 40% of adenocarcinoma (ADC), and 21% of atypical squamous cells that cannot exclude HSIL (ASC-H). The Aptima other hr-HPV group was most common (60%), HPV16 was 26%, HPV18/45 was 9.6%, and double HPV infection was 4.3%. HPV16 was the most common infection in HSIL+ cases. HPV infection was most common in age groups (30–39) and (40–49), and a shift to age groups (50–59) and ≥60 was seen in HSIL+ cases. This study is the first of its kind in correlating age with hr-HPV and cytology findings in the Middle East and adds to previous knowledge related to the prevalence and Aptima testing of HPV. The outcome could be used as a baseline for the Gardasil 9 vaccine and for the assessment of its effectiveness after three or five years from initiation.
{"title":"Aptima HPV Genotypes in Abnormal Cervical Samples in Different Age Groups – Implication on Vaccination Strategies","authors":"R. Al-Awadhi, Moody Alroomy, Hawraa Dashti, Kusum Kapila","doi":"10.4103/joc.joc_27_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/joc.joc_27_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) types is associated with high-grade cervical abnormalities.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of the study was to find most hr-HPV types causing persistent infection in abnormal cytological samples using Aptima HPV testing and discuss the compatibility of the Gardasil 9 vaccine in targeting most types.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study was conducted in a cytology laboratory in a tertiary hospital.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This is a retrospective observational study.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Cytology and HPV Aptima test reports were obtained for abnormal cervical samples for a 6-year period.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Pearson Chi-square test.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Reports of 2834 abnormal cervical samples were analyzed. Aptima testing was positive in 21% of samples, including 92% of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 76.4% of the high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), 52% of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 40% of adenocarcinoma (ADC), and 21% of atypical squamous cells that cannot exclude HSIL (ASC-H). The Aptima other hr-HPV group was most common (60%), HPV16 was 26%, HPV18/45 was 9.6%, and double HPV infection was 4.3%. HPV16 was the most common infection in HSIL+ cases. HPV infection was most common in age groups (30–39) and (40–49), and a shift to age groups (50–59) and ≥60 was seen in HSIL+ cases.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study is the first of its kind in correlating age with hr-HPV and cytology findings in the Middle East and adds to previous knowledge related to the prevalence and Aptima testing of HPV. The outcome could be used as a baseline for the Gardasil 9 vaccine and for the assessment of its effectiveness after three or five years from initiation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shashank Mishra, Biren P. Parikh, Jayvardhan Singh
Most modern haematology analysers have a dedicated body fluid mode for cell counts of body fluids. Many analysers also count the number of high fluorescence cells (HF cells). HF cells have a large nuclear size and emit high fluorescence when stained with fluorescent dyes. Due to their large nuclear size, Malignant cells are counted as HF cells. We aim to determine the diagnostic utility of HF cells in predicting the presence of malignant cells in serous effusions. HF cell counts were done on 209 serous fluid samples using the body fluid mode of Mindray BC-6800 plus haematology analyser. Papanicilaou-stained smears of all samples were examined for the presence of malignant cells by a panel of cytopathologists. ROC curve analysis was done to determine the sensitivity and specificity of HF cells in malignant effusions. Out of 209 samples, malignant cells were found by microscopy in 97 cases (46.4%). The absolute number and percentage of HF cells were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in malignant effusions (HF# = 24.9 cells/ul, HF% = 10.4%) when compared to non-malignant samples (HF# = 4.95 cells/ul, HF% = 5.76%). ROC curve analysis determined an optimal cut-off of ≥30 HF cells/ul (sensitivity = 73.91, specificity = 55.66%) for the prediction of malignant cells. HF cells in serous effusions can be a helpful tool to aid the pathologist, but it is not an ideal screening test due to its low sensitivity (67.74%) and negative likelihood ratio (0.5) at a cut-off of ≥30 HF cells/ul. However, due to high specificity of 83.18% at a cut-off of ≥72 HF cells/ul, a meticulous search for malignant cells should be done on microscopy.
{"title":"Diagnostic Utility of High Fluorescence Cells in Detecting Malignant Effusions","authors":"Shashank Mishra, Biren P. Parikh, Jayvardhan Singh","doi":"10.4103/joc.joc_122_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/joc.joc_122_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Most modern haematology analysers have a dedicated body fluid mode for cell counts of body fluids. Many analysers also count the number of high fluorescence cells (HF cells). HF cells have a large nuclear size and emit high fluorescence when stained with fluorescent dyes. Due to their large nuclear size, Malignant cells are counted as HF cells.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We aim to determine the diagnostic utility of HF cells in predicting the presence of malignant cells in serous effusions.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 HF cell counts were done on 209 serous fluid samples using the body fluid mode of Mindray BC-6800 plus haematology analyser. Papanicilaou-stained smears of all samples were examined for the presence of malignant cells by a panel of cytopathologists. ROC curve analysis was done to determine the sensitivity and specificity of HF cells in malignant effusions.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Out of 209 samples, malignant cells were found by microscopy in 97 cases (46.4%). The absolute number and percentage of HF cells were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in malignant effusions (HF# = 24.9 cells/ul, HF% = 10.4%) when compared to non-malignant samples (HF# = 4.95 cells/ul, HF% = 5.76%). ROC curve analysis determined an optimal cut-off of ≥30 HF cells/ul (sensitivity = 73.91, specificity = 55.66%) for the prediction of malignant cells.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 HF cells in serous effusions can be a helpful tool to aid the pathologist, but it is not an ideal screening test due to its low sensitivity (67.74%) and negative likelihood ratio (0.5) at a cut-off of ≥30 HF cells/ul. However, due to high specificity of 83.18% at a cut-off of ≥72 HF cells/ul, a meticulous search for malignant cells should be done on microscopy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141849889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikola Gardić, Dejan M. Miljković, Aleksandra N. Lovrenski
Nowadays, the separation of adenocarcinomas (ADCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) is crucial given that there are new specific targeted therapies. So, the aim of this study was to examine the differences in cytomorphological features between ADC and SCC in bronchoscopic brush samples. The retrospective study was conducted over a 3-year period at Western Balkan University Hospital. All brushing samples were analysed. According to the histopathological report, patients were classified into ADC and SCC groups. The cytomorphological features analysed in 95 samples were presence of necrosis, cell distribution, nuclear atypia, size of nuclei, and visibility of nucleoli. Statistical analysis was performed in JASP, and P values <0.05 were considered significant. The necrotic background was more frequent in SCC samples. Small clusters sized ≤200 µm were found in 17.95% of samples from the SCC group and 53.57% in the ADC group. Large clusters sized >400 µm were found in 43.59% in the SCC group, while in the ADC group, it was found in 5.36%. There were no differences in nuclear atypia between groups. Nuclei that were >5x lymphocyte size were found more often in samples from ADC than in the SCC group (37.50 vs 10.25%). In 89.75% of samples from the SCC group, nuclei were ≤5x lymphocyte sizes, while in the ADC group, the percentage was 63.5%. Nucleoli were more often visible in samples from the ADC group compared to the SCC group (92.86% vs 64.10%, P < 0,05). Small clusters, large nuclei, and visible nucleoli were more frequent in the ADC group (P < 0.05), while large clusters, small nuclei, and invisible nucleoli were more frequent in the SCC group (P < 0.05).
{"title":"Cytomorphological Features as a Subtyping Tool of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Brushing Bronchoscopic Samples","authors":"Nikola Gardić, Dejan M. Miljković, Aleksandra N. Lovrenski","doi":"10.4103/joc.joc_4_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/joc.joc_4_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Nowadays, the separation of adenocarcinomas (ADCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) is crucial given that there are new specific targeted therapies. So, the aim of this study was to examine the differences in cytomorphological features between ADC and SCC in bronchoscopic brush samples.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The retrospective study was conducted over a 3-year period at Western Balkan University Hospital. All brushing samples were analysed. According to the histopathological report, patients were classified into ADC and SCC groups. The cytomorphological features analysed in 95 samples were presence of necrosis, cell distribution, nuclear atypia, size of nuclei, and visibility of nucleoli. Statistical analysis was performed in JASP, and P values <0.05 were considered significant.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The necrotic background was more frequent in SCC samples. Small clusters sized ≤200 µm were found in 17.95% of samples from the SCC group and 53.57% in the ADC group. Large clusters sized >400 µm were found in 43.59% in the SCC group, while in the ADC group, it was found in 5.36%. There were no differences in nuclear atypia between groups. Nuclei that were >5x lymphocyte size were found more often in samples from ADC than in the SCC group (37.50 vs 10.25%). In 89.75% of samples from the SCC group, nuclei were ≤5x lymphocyte sizes, while in the ADC group, the percentage was 63.5%. Nucleoli were more often visible in samples from the ADC group compared to the SCC group (92.86% vs 64.10%, P < 0,05).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Small clusters, large nuclei, and visible nucleoli were more frequent in the ADC group (P < 0.05), while large clusters, small nuclei, and invisible nucleoli were more frequent in the SCC group (P < 0.05).\u0000","PeriodicalId":50217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141843321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pilomatrixoma is a rare, benign, slow-growing tumor of the hair matrix. Excisional biopsy is often the preferred method of diagnosis for cutaneous masses including pilomatrixoma. However, fine-needle aspiration is also performed on these lesions. There are very few reports on the cytologic features of pilomatrixoma in fine-needle aspiration. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical and cytological features of six cases of pilomatrixoma, which were confirmed histopathologically. The study includes six cases of pilomatrixoma, which were diagnosed by two cytopathologists in 2019 and 2022. A detailed cytological analysis was done by a semiquantitative method. Cellularity, basaloid cells, squamous cells, giant cells, shadow cells, naked nuclei, calcium deposits, inflammation, and debris were semiquantified from 0 to 3+. The ages of patients ranged from 8 to 63 years old. The male-to-female ratio was 2:1. All cases occurred in the head and neck area. The cytological diagnosis was pilomatrixoma in five cases and epidermoid/dermoid cyst in one case. The surgical excision was performed in all patients. The diagnosis of pilomatrixoma was confirmed histologically in all cases. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of pilomatrixoma can be a diagnostic challenge. There are very few reports on the cytologic features of pilomatrixoma in FNAB smears. The presence of ghost cells and basaloid cells should suggest the possibility of pilomatrixoma. The presence of giant cells, fibrillary matrix, calcium deposits, squamous cells, naked nuclei, inflammation, and debris are cytological findings supporting the diagnosis.
{"title":"Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy of Pilomatrixoma (Cytological Features of Six Cases Histologically Approved)","authors":"Burcu Ozcan, Ş. Erdoğan-Durmuş","doi":"10.4103/joc.joc_184_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/joc.joc_184_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Pilomatrixoma is a rare, benign, slow-growing tumor of the hair matrix. Excisional biopsy is often the preferred method of diagnosis for cutaneous masses including pilomatrixoma. However, fine-needle aspiration is also performed on these lesions. There are very few reports on the cytologic features of pilomatrixoma in fine-needle aspiration. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical and cytological features of six cases of pilomatrixoma, which were confirmed histopathologically.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study includes six cases of pilomatrixoma, which were diagnosed by two cytopathologists in 2019 and 2022. A detailed cytological analysis was done by a semiquantitative method. Cellularity, basaloid cells, squamous cells, giant cells, shadow cells, naked nuclei, calcium deposits, inflammation, and debris were semiquantified from 0 to 3+.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The ages of patients ranged from 8 to 63 years old. The male-to-female ratio was 2:1. All cases occurred in the head and neck area. The cytological diagnosis was pilomatrixoma in five cases and epidermoid/dermoid cyst in one case. The surgical excision was performed in all patients. The diagnosis of pilomatrixoma was confirmed histologically in all cases.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of pilomatrixoma can be a diagnostic challenge. There are very few reports on the cytologic features of pilomatrixoma in FNAB smears. The presence of ghost cells and basaloid cells should suggest the possibility of pilomatrixoma. The presence of giant cells, fibrillary matrix, calcium deposits, squamous cells, naked nuclei, inflammation, and debris are cytological findings supporting the diagnosis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141845243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Boler, Shreosee Roy, Ph Priyanca Singh, Barnali Maiti
Touch imprint cytology (TIC) of core needle biopsy specimen is an easy method of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) which aids in the rapid diagnosis of breast lumps by cytological analysis. To evaluate the efficacy of touch imprint cytology in predicting the adequacy of needle core biopsy of breast lumps and its diagnostic accuracy for malignancy. This study was done in Burdwan Medical College over a period of two years on 80 patients who had presented with breast lumps and had given consent for core needle biopsy for diagnosis. Out of 80 cases, satisfactory materials on touch imprint were obtained in 79 cases. Only one case did not yield satisfactory material and hence was excluded from the analysis. A total of 43 cases were malignant, and 36 cases were either benign or inflammatory on core needle biopsy. Thirty-seven cases were accurately diagnosed as malignant by TIC, and 35 cases were accurately diagnosed as benign by TIC. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of TIC were 86.05%, 97.22%, 97.37%, and 85.36%, respectively, and the overall accuracy was 90%. TIC of core needle biopsy is a rapid, reliable, and accurate method for early cytological diagnosis of symptomatic breast lesions. It can be used routinely at the site of biopsy to evaluate the adequacy of materials obtained during core needle biopsy and to plan for further workup in case of malignant breast lesions.
{"title":"Effectivity of Touch Imprint Cytology of Core Needle Biopsy in Evaluation of Breast Lesions: A Study in Changing Trends of Rapid on Site Evaluation","authors":"A. Boler, Shreosee Roy, Ph Priyanca Singh, Barnali Maiti","doi":"10.4103/joc.joc_167_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/joc.joc_167_22","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Touch imprint cytology (TIC) of core needle biopsy specimen is an easy method of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) which aids in the rapid diagnosis of breast lumps by cytological analysis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To evaluate the efficacy of touch imprint cytology in predicting the adequacy of needle core biopsy of breast lumps and its diagnostic accuracy for malignancy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study was done in Burdwan Medical College over a period of two years on 80 patients who had presented with breast lumps and had given consent for core needle biopsy for diagnosis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Out of 80 cases, satisfactory materials on touch imprint were obtained in 79 cases. Only one case did not yield satisfactory material and hence was excluded from the analysis. A total of 43 cases were malignant, and 36 cases were either benign or inflammatory on core needle biopsy. Thirty-seven cases were accurately diagnosed as malignant by TIC, and 35 cases were accurately diagnosed as benign by TIC. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of TIC were 86.05%, 97.22%, 97.37%, and 85.36%, respectively, and the overall accuracy was 90%.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 TIC of core needle biopsy is a rapid, reliable, and accurate method for early cytological diagnosis of symptomatic breast lesions. It can be used routinely at the site of biopsy to evaluate the adequacy of materials obtained during core needle biopsy and to plan for further workup in case of malignant breast lesions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramandeep Kaur, P. Somal, S. Kalra, Aishwarya Sharma, S. Sancheti
Rapidity and reliability are the major advantages of cytopathology in tumor diagnosis. The need for minimal turnaround time for assessing cytological smears has encouraged innovations in staining techniques that require lesser staining time with unequivocal cell morphology. Rapid Pap staining was introduced as a hybrid to conventional Pap stain. It improves staining quality, gets over the staining time in restriction, and is a more efficient technique financially. In the present study, a modified staining technique was adopted where phloxine is added as one of the cytoplasmic stain components in rapid Pap stain kits. The aim of this study was to assess whether the modification of the existing procedure by adding phloxine as one of the components of the cytoplasmic stain intensifies the cytoplasmic differentiation and cytoplasmic staining in gynecological smears. This was a prospective study done on 50 cases of gynecological smears. Two smears were collected from each patient and fixed in 100% propanol and stained with the rapid Pap stain kit procedure and modified rapid Pap stain with phloxine. Slides were then analyzed by two pathologists blinded to the staining method used. Five parameters were considered and scored (background, cell morphology, nuclear staining, cytoplasmic differentiation, and cytoplasmic staining). The quality index for each method was calculated by finding out the ratio of the actual score obtained to the maximum score possible. Both the staining methods had comparable results. For both pathologists, the quality index calculated for modified Pap stain was found to be marginally higher than the quality index for rapid Pap. The mean quality index was comparable for modified Pap (0.91) and rapid Pap (0.89). The efficacy of modified Pap stain with phloxine to distinctly stain the cytoplasm is comparable with that of rapid Pap stain. In addition, the intensity of staining can be enhanced with little cost outlay, and this can be especially beneficial in low-resource settings.
{"title":"Modification of Rapid Papanicolaou Stain with Phloxine: A Study Assessing the Utility in Gynecological Smears","authors":"Ramandeep Kaur, P. Somal, S. Kalra, Aishwarya Sharma, S. Sancheti","doi":"10.4103/joc.joc_24_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/joc.joc_24_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Rapidity and reliability are the major advantages of cytopathology in tumor diagnosis. The need for minimal turnaround time for assessing cytological smears has encouraged innovations in staining techniques that require lesser staining time with unequivocal cell morphology. Rapid Pap staining was introduced as a hybrid to conventional Pap stain. It improves staining quality, gets over the staining time in restriction, and is a more efficient technique financially. In the present study, a modified staining technique was adopted where phloxine is added as one of the cytoplasmic stain components in rapid Pap stain kits.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of this study was to assess whether the modification of the existing procedure by adding phloxine as one of the components of the cytoplasmic stain intensifies the cytoplasmic differentiation and cytoplasmic staining in gynecological smears.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This was a prospective study done on 50 cases of gynecological smears. Two smears were collected from each patient and fixed in 100% propanol and stained with the rapid Pap stain kit procedure and modified rapid Pap stain with phloxine. Slides were then analyzed by two pathologists blinded to the staining method used. Five parameters were considered and scored (background, cell morphology, nuclear staining, cytoplasmic differentiation, and cytoplasmic staining). The quality index for each method was calculated by finding out the ratio of the actual score obtained to the maximum score possible.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Both the staining methods had comparable results. For both pathologists, the quality index calculated for modified Pap stain was found to be marginally higher than the quality index for rapid Pap. The mean quality index was comparable for modified Pap (0.91) and rapid Pap (0.89).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The efficacy of modified Pap stain with phloxine to distinctly stain the cytoplasm is comparable with that of rapid Pap stain. In addition, the intensity of staining can be enhanced with little cost outlay, and this can be especially beneficial in low-resource settings.\u0000","PeriodicalId":50217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140758913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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