P. Balasubramanian, S. Chatterton, Ahmed Abdelmagid
AAC GN963 is a high yielding great northern dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar with an upright, indeterminate bush (Type II) growth habit, early maturity and a large seed size. Lodging resistance of AAC GN963 is slight improvement compared to AAC Whitehorse, a great northern bean cultivar with predominant commercial acres under irrigation in southern Alberta. The canning and cooking quality attributes of AAC GN963 were similar to the check cultivars AAC Whitehorse and Resolute. AAC GN963 is well suited for commercial production under irrigation in Alberta and Saskatchewan.
{"title":"AAC GN963 great northern dry bean","authors":"P. Balasubramanian, S. Chatterton, Ahmed Abdelmagid","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2024-0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2024-0102","url":null,"abstract":"AAC GN963 is a high yielding great northern dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar with an upright, indeterminate bush (Type II) growth habit, early maturity and a large seed size. Lodging resistance of AAC GN963 is slight improvement compared to AAC Whitehorse, a great northern bean cultivar with predominant commercial acres under irrigation in southern Alberta. The canning and cooking quality attributes of AAC GN963 were similar to the check cultivars AAC Whitehorse and Resolute. AAC GN963 is well suited for commercial production under irrigation in Alberta and Saskatchewan.","PeriodicalId":502175,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"48 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Japanese millet [Echinochloa esculenta (A. Braun) H. Scholz] is an annual warm season grass species that can be used as emergency forage source. An experiment was conducted for two years in southwestern Quebec to determine the effects of seeding rate and developmental stage at harvest on forage yields. Seeding rates (15 to 30 kg ha-1) had no effect on yields, in contrast, response to harvest stage differed depending on the year but yields were always maximized with one harvest at heading stage (6569 kg DM ha-1) and lowest with two harvests at a vegetative stage (3166 kg DM ha-1).
{"title":"Japanese millet: Effects of seeding rate and harvest stage on forage yields","authors":"P. Seguin","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2024-0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2024-0077","url":null,"abstract":"Japanese millet [Echinochloa esculenta (A. Braun) H. Scholz] is an annual warm season grass species that can be used as emergency forage source. An experiment was conducted for two years in southwestern Quebec to determine the effects of seeding rate and developmental stage at harvest on forage yields. Seeding rates (15 to 30 kg ha-1) had no effect on yields, in contrast, response to harvest stage differed depending on the year but yields were always maximized with one harvest at heading stage (6569 kg DM ha-1) and lowest with two harvests at a vegetative stage (3166 kg DM ha-1).","PeriodicalId":502175,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"5 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141652327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Khanal, Dan MacEachern, A. Badea, Tanya Copley, Genevieve Telmosse
‘AAC Choo’ is a spring, two-row, general purpose barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) released by the Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. AAC Choo is higher in yield, good lodging resistance and moderately susceptible to Fusarium head blight (caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe). AAC Choo is recommended for commercial production in eastern Canada.
{"title":"AAC Choo spring barley","authors":"R. Khanal, Dan MacEachern, A. Badea, Tanya Copley, Genevieve Telmosse","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2024-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2024-0056","url":null,"abstract":"‘AAC Choo’ is a spring, two-row, general purpose barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) released by the Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. AAC Choo is higher in yield, good lodging resistance and moderately susceptible to Fusarium head blight (caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe). AAC Choo is recommended for commercial production in eastern Canada.","PeriodicalId":502175,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"24 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kochia is a troublesome, multiple herbicide-resistant tumbleweed which infests Prairie field crops. Kochia has developed resistance to systemic, foliar-applied herbicides from Groups 2, 4, and 9, leaving only contact herbicides for post-emergence control. Group 14 chemistry is an important mode of action for resistance management. Weed staging considerations are important as recurrent sub-lethal herbicide exposure can increase risk of nontarget site resistance evolution. The study objective was to evaluate loss-of-control and estimate sublethal dosing exposure risk (SLDER) with a contact-type herbicide (carfentrazone-ethyl) based on initial kochia height, leaf number, and branch number. The SLDER from a single application to a single plant was conceptualized to increase due to escaping plant “volume” or immediate flowering. Kochia was only consistently controlled (100% injury) when dosed at ≤ 5cm in height. The estimated maximum size for treated kochia was 21 cm in height, 18 branches plant-1, and the maximum accumulated biomass was between 2.6 to 5.1 g plant-1 for models developed using the initial plant height, branch number, or leaf number as predictors. These estimates represent the largest plant escapes, which would be associated with 100% risk through vegetative considerations into SLDER. Kochia plant size for a 5% risk scenario using the SLDER model was 4 cm in height, 0 branches plant-1, and 11 leaves plant-1 when carfentrazone-ethyl was applied at the labeled dosing. Caution is advised when spraying kochia above 5 cm as incorrect staging may lead to sublethal exposure, escape, reproduction, and escalated risk of nontarget site resistance evolution.
{"title":"Sublethal Dosing Exposure Risk of Kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] to Carfentrazone-ethyl","authors":"S. Sharpe, Teanna Novek","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0168","url":null,"abstract":"Kochia is a troublesome, multiple herbicide-resistant tumbleweed which infests Prairie field crops. Kochia has developed resistance to systemic, foliar-applied herbicides from Groups 2, 4, and 9, leaving only contact herbicides for post-emergence control. Group 14 chemistry is an important mode of action for resistance management. Weed staging considerations are important as recurrent sub-lethal herbicide exposure can increase risk of nontarget site resistance evolution. The study objective was to evaluate loss-of-control and estimate sublethal dosing exposure risk (SLDER) with a contact-type herbicide (carfentrazone-ethyl) based on initial kochia height, leaf number, and branch number. The SLDER from a single application to a single plant was conceptualized to increase due to escaping plant “volume” or immediate flowering. Kochia was only consistently controlled (100% injury) when dosed at ≤ 5cm in height. The estimated maximum size for treated kochia was 21 cm in height, 18 branches plant-1, and the maximum accumulated biomass was between 2.6 to 5.1 g plant-1 for models developed using the initial plant height, branch number, or leaf number as predictors. These estimates represent the largest plant escapes, which would be associated with 100% risk through vegetative considerations into SLDER. Kochia plant size for a 5% risk scenario using the SLDER model was 4 cm in height, 0 branches plant-1, and 11 leaves plant-1 when carfentrazone-ethyl was applied at the labeled dosing. Caution is advised when spraying kochia above 5 cm as incorrect staging may lead to sublethal exposure, escape, reproduction, and escalated risk of nontarget site resistance evolution.","PeriodicalId":502175,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juliano Sulzback, Ednaldo A. Borgato, Luan Cutti, Erin Hill, Erin Burns, Eric L. Patterson
Herbicide-resistant weeds pose a threat to food production in modern agriculture, causing US$32 billion dollars in crop production losses worldwide. In Michigan, highly troublesome and widespread weeds include waterhemp, Palmer amaranth, common ragweed, and horseweed, with accessions that are resistant to glyphosate (Group 9) and ALS-inhibitors (Group 2), major herbicide sites of action utilized in soybean and corn cropping systems. Molecular assays for rapid resistance diagnostics to confirm the in-field status of herbicide resistance can assist with more effective, timely, and proactive management. In this research, we developed and tested PCR-based assays to identify target-site resistance mechanisms to both herbicide groups through Sanger sequencing and EPSPS copy number variation. Nine different SNPs were identified in five ALS positions known to confer herbicide resistance among all species surveyed. Pro197Ser was the most frequent in horseweed and common ragweed accessions, whereas Trp574Leu was the predominant mutation in Palmer amaranth and waterhemp. Four horseweed accessions contained the Pro106Ser mutation in the EPSPS gene, which confers resistance to glyphosate. Additionally, waterhemp and Palmer amaranth had 2-7 and 20-160 copies of EPSPS, respectively. The assays were validated by comparing genotyping of several field-collected accessions of unknown resistance status with known resistant and susceptible accessions. The efficacy of genotyping assays was > 98%, and required only two days, confirming that molecular assays are a robust tool for rapid resistance diagnostics. These assays can help growers evaluate herbicide resistance status in weed populations within the same growing season, allowing them to adopt effective management practices.
{"title":"Optimizing Molecular Assays for Glyphosate and ALS-Inhibitor Resistance Diagnostics in Four Weedy Species","authors":"Juliano Sulzback, Ednaldo A. Borgato, Luan Cutti, Erin Hill, Erin Burns, Eric L. Patterson","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2024-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2024-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Herbicide-resistant weeds pose a threat to food production in modern agriculture, causing US$32 billion dollars in crop production losses worldwide. In Michigan, highly troublesome and widespread weeds include waterhemp, Palmer amaranth, common ragweed, and horseweed, with accessions that are resistant to glyphosate (Group 9) and ALS-inhibitors (Group 2), major herbicide sites of action utilized in soybean and corn cropping systems. Molecular assays for rapid resistance diagnostics to confirm the in-field status of herbicide resistance can assist with more effective, timely, and proactive management. In this research, we developed and tested PCR-based assays to identify target-site resistance mechanisms to both herbicide groups through Sanger sequencing and EPSPS copy number variation. Nine different SNPs were identified in five ALS positions known to confer herbicide resistance among all species surveyed. Pro197Ser was the most frequent in horseweed and common ragweed accessions, whereas Trp574Leu was the predominant mutation in Palmer amaranth and waterhemp. Four horseweed accessions contained the Pro106Ser mutation in the EPSPS gene, which confers resistance to glyphosate. Additionally, waterhemp and Palmer amaranth had 2-7 and 20-160 copies of EPSPS, respectively. The assays were validated by comparing genotyping of several field-collected accessions of unknown resistance status with known resistant and susceptible accessions. The efficacy of genotyping assays was > 98%, and required only two days, confirming that molecular assays are a robust tool for rapid resistance diagnostics. These assays can help growers evaluate herbicide resistance status in weed populations within the same growing season, allowing them to adopt effective management practices.","PeriodicalId":502175,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"66 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141688408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William E. May, Afruza Begum, Sarah J. Moreside, Gerard John F. Sikat
Annual canarygrass is highly responsive to chloride (Cl-) fertilizer for increasing grain yield. This responsiveness to Cl- raises the question of whether annual canarygrass is similarly responsive to other micronutrients. The effect of micronutrients, Cu, Zn, B and Mn with the basal rate of N, P, K, S, Cl-, on annual canarygrass, was studied using two application methods, soil (side-band at seeding) and foliar (3-6 leaf and flag leaf emergence). Over four years, field research was conducted at two Saskatchewan locations, Indian Head and Melfort using a randomize complete block design (RCBD). A foliar application after flag leaf emergence of either Cu, Zn or Mn provided the best method to increase the concentration of that micronutrient in the leaf tissue during seed filling. Boron concentrations in the leaf were increased during seed filling by soil or foliar treatments containing B at different site-years. Zinc, Cu, and B had no impact on grain yield. A foliar application of Mn affected grain yield at one of 6 site-years and requires further investigation. As expected, soil application of macronutrients + Cl- increased grain yield between 29 and 187% compared to unfertilized treatment in five of six site-years. Melfort in 2015 and 2016, had low levels of tissue Cl- in control treatment. The largest grain yield increases occurred at these sites, suggesting that early season tissue testing maybe use to identify Cl- responsive fields of annual canarygrass. Annual canarygrass is not responsive to Cu, Zn, and B but may be responsive to Mn.
{"title":"The effect of applied micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn and B) and chloride on annual canarygrass","authors":"William E. May, Afruza Begum, Sarah J. Moreside, Gerard John F. Sikat","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0132","url":null,"abstract":"Annual canarygrass is highly responsive to chloride (Cl-) fertilizer for increasing grain yield. This responsiveness to Cl- raises the question of whether annual canarygrass is similarly responsive to other micronutrients. The effect of micronutrients, Cu, Zn, B and Mn with the basal rate of N, P, K, S, Cl-, on annual canarygrass, was studied using two application methods, soil (side-band at seeding) and foliar (3-6 leaf and flag leaf emergence). Over four years, field research was conducted at two Saskatchewan locations, Indian Head and Melfort using a randomize complete block design (RCBD). A foliar application after flag leaf emergence of either Cu, Zn or Mn provided the best method to increase the concentration of that micronutrient in the leaf tissue during seed filling. Boron concentrations in the leaf were increased during seed filling by soil or foliar treatments containing B at different site-years. Zinc, Cu, and B had no impact on grain yield. A foliar application of Mn affected grain yield at one of 6 site-years and requires further investigation. As expected, soil application of macronutrients + Cl- increased grain yield between 29 and 187% compared to unfertilized treatment in five of six site-years. Melfort in 2015 and 2016, had low levels of tissue Cl- in control treatment. The largest grain yield increases occurred at these sites, suggesting that early season tissue testing maybe use to identify Cl- responsive fields of annual canarygrass. Annual canarygrass is not responsive to Cu, Zn, and B but may be responsive to Mn.","PeriodicalId":502175,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141369770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kathleen Dorrian, M. Mkhabela, Harry Sapirstein, Paul Bullock
Diverse growing season weather in Western Canada has large effects on wheat quality. Management practices, such as pesticide application, may also affect wheat quality, but are largely unknown. This study measured pesticide application effects on grain quality for six hard red spring wheat cultivars over three growing seasons at four prairie locations. Each Siteyear included (i) an untreated control, (ii) fungicide applied at anthesis for Fusarium head blight (FHB) control, (iii) pre-harvest glyphosate applied at physiological maturity, and (iv) a combination of both pesticides. Generally warmer and drier conditions in 2015 and 2017 compared to 2016, resulted in wheat with higher grades, test weight, thousand-kernel weight, and grain protein content but lower Fusarium damaged kernel (FDK) content. Siteyear, reflecting weather variation by location, was the major factor affecting grain quality, contributing from 39% to 77% of total variance. Rainfall variation was greater than that for air temperature and appeared to be the main weather factor affecting quality. Genotype had a significant impact on grain quality but contributed 1% to 20% of total variance. The pesticide treatments had a significant effect on several quality parameters, but they contributed only 0.2% to 2% to total variance, implying that they have no detrimental effect on wheat grain quality when applied as recommended. Fungicide significantly reduced FDK level in four of ten Siteyears, all with high FDK levels, but not when applied at the low FDK Siteyears. Fungicide for FHB control should be used only when weather is conducive to high FHB disease pressure.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF GENOTYPE, WEATHER, FHB FUNGICIDE AND PRE-HARVEST GLYPHOSATE ON GRAIN QUALITY OF HARD RED SPRING WHEAT IN WESTERN CANADA","authors":"Kathleen Dorrian, M. Mkhabela, Harry Sapirstein, Paul Bullock","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0151","url":null,"abstract":"Diverse growing season weather in Western Canada has large effects on wheat quality. Management practices, such as pesticide application, may also affect wheat quality, but are largely unknown. This study measured pesticide application effects on grain quality for six hard red spring wheat cultivars over three growing seasons at four prairie locations. Each Siteyear included (i) an untreated control, (ii) fungicide applied at anthesis for Fusarium head blight (FHB) control, (iii) pre-harvest glyphosate applied at physiological maturity, and (iv) a combination of both pesticides. Generally warmer and drier conditions in 2015 and 2017 compared to 2016, resulted in wheat with higher grades, test weight, thousand-kernel weight, and grain protein content but lower Fusarium damaged kernel (FDK) content. Siteyear, reflecting weather variation by location, was the major factor affecting grain quality, contributing from 39% to 77% of total variance. Rainfall variation was greater than that for air temperature and appeared to be the main weather factor affecting quality. Genotype had a significant impact on grain quality but contributed 1% to 20% of total variance. The pesticide treatments had a significant effect on several quality parameters, but they contributed only 0.2% to 2% to total variance, implying that they have no detrimental effect on wheat grain quality when applied as recommended. Fungicide significantly reduced FDK level in four of ten Siteyears, all with high FDK levels, but not when applied at the low FDK Siteyears. Fungicide for FHB control should be used only when weather is conducive to high FHB disease pressure.","PeriodicalId":502175,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140656324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The evolution and spread of herbicide resistance among the weed community has increased interest in alternative weed management strategies such as harvest weed seed control. Western Canadian producers have begun adopting physical impact mills as an additional weed management strategy. A survey of early adopters of physical impact mill technology in Canada was conducted to better understand the motivations behind producers adopting, initial experiences, and research needs. Ten producers responded to the survey, accounting for 18 out of an estimated 30 impact mills in use in Canada, believed to be located primarily in the Canadian Prairies. These producers were mainly from larger farms (> 4,000 ha), equipped the majority of their combines (75% average) and used the mills in essentially all crops grown. The majority of respondents were located in Saskatchewan, with 2 mills being used in Alberta. Wild oat (60%) and kochia (50%) were the weeds most frequently mentioned as specific motivators of impact mill adoption. Average increased fuel cost from the mill was estimated at CAD $3.46 ha-1, with average annual maintenance costs of about $1,500 per impact mill. Producers relied on information from mill companies and other early-adopting farmers primarily, followed by extension talks and social media. Research needs were also identified by producers that could inform the future direction of harvest weed seed control research in Canada. Future research should focus on confirming efficacy, optimizing combine settings, and looking at integrated systems with precision agriculture technologies.
{"title":"Early adopter insights on physical impact mill technology for harvest weed seed control in Canada","authors":"B. Tidemann, C. Geddes, Shaun M. Sharpe","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2024-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2024-0015","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution and spread of herbicide resistance among the weed community has increased interest in alternative weed management strategies such as harvest weed seed control. Western Canadian producers have begun adopting physical impact mills as an additional weed management strategy. A survey of early adopters of physical impact mill technology in Canada was conducted to better understand the motivations behind producers adopting, initial experiences, and research needs. Ten producers responded to the survey, accounting for 18 out of an estimated 30 impact mills in use in Canada, believed to be located primarily in the Canadian Prairies. These producers were mainly from larger farms (> 4,000 ha), equipped the majority of their combines (75% average) and used the mills in essentially all crops grown. The majority of respondents were located in Saskatchewan, with 2 mills being used in Alberta. Wild oat (60%) and kochia (50%) were the weeds most frequently mentioned as specific motivators of impact mill adoption. Average increased fuel cost from the mill was estimated at CAD $3.46 ha-1, with average annual maintenance costs of about $1,500 per impact mill. Producers relied on information from mill companies and other early-adopting farmers primarily, followed by extension talks and social media. Research needs were also identified by producers that could inform the future direction of harvest weed seed control research in Canada. Future research should focus on confirming efficacy, optimizing combine settings, and looking at integrated systems with precision agriculture technologies.","PeriodicalId":502175,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140665062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alysha T. Torbiak, Robert Blackshaw, R. N. Brandt, Bill Hamman, C. Geddes
Multiple herbicide-resistant kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] has grown in prevalence in the canola (Brassica napus L.) production region of North America. Glufosinate-resistant canola facilitates kochia management since glufosinate-resistant kochia is not known to occur. Field experiments were conducted from 2013 to 2015 in five environments near Lethbridge and Coalhurst, Alberta, to identify herbicide strategies targeting acetolactate synthase inhibitor-resistant kochia with and without glyphosate resistance in glufosinate-resistant canola. Sequential glufosinate treatments (500 g ai ha-1) postemergence caused excellent (≥90%) kochia control and biomass reduction across environments. Preplant (PP) carfentrazone + sulfentrazone (9 + 105 g ai ha-1) alone or followed by (fb) postemergence glufosinate (9 + 27 fb 500 or 9 + 105 fb 500 g ai ha-1) resulted in excellent kochia control in all environments tested. PP carfentrazone + sulfentrazone (9 + 53 g ai ha-1) alone, and a single postemergence treatment with glufosinate (500 or 590 g ai ha-1) alone or preceded by fall-applied ethalfluralin (1100 fb 500 g ai ha-1) with or without preplant carfentrazone (1100 fb 9 fb 500 g ai ha-1) caused ≥80% kochia control and biomass reduction in all environments tested. However, treatments containing preplant carfentrazone + sulfentrazone caused unacceptable canola injury or yield loss in at least one environment. In conclusion, single or sequential treatments of glufosinate postemergence managed multiple herbicide-resistant kochia effectively in canola. Layering fall-applied/preplant ethalfluralin and/or preplant carfentrazone with glufosinate postemergence may help alleviate resistance selection pressure placed on glufosinate in canola.
抗多种除草剂的柯夏[Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott]在北美油菜（Brassica napus L.）产区越来越普遍。抗草铵膦油菜有利于管理柯夏，因为抗草铵膦柯夏尚未发现。2013 年至 2015 年，在阿尔伯塔省莱斯布里奇和科尔赫斯特附近的五个环境中进行了田间试验，以确定针对抗草铵膦油菜中具有或不具有草甘膦抗性的乙酰乳酸合成酶抑制剂抗性柯夏的除草策略。出苗后连续施用草铵膦处理剂（500 g ai ha-1）可在各种环境中有效控制（≥90%）柯奇亚，并减少其生物量。在所有测试环境中，播种前（PP）单独施用carfentrazone + sulfentrazone（9 + 105 g ai ha-1）或播种后（fb）施用草铵膦（9 + 27 fb 500 或 9 + 105 fb 500 g ai ha-1）都能很好地控制柯夏。在所有测试环境中，单独使用 PP carfentrazone + sulfentrazone（9 + 53 g ai ha-1）和单独使用草铵膦（500 或 590 g ai ha-1）或在秋季施用乙草胺（1100 fb 500 g ai ha-1）之前使用或不使用播前 carfentrazone（1100 fb 9 fb 500 g ai ha-1）进行一次芽后处理，可使柯夏的防治效果和生物量减少≥80%。然而，在至少一种环境中，含有播前氟虫腈+磺胺草酮的处理会对油菜籽造成不可接受的伤害或产量损失。总之，单次或连续使用草铵膦苗后处理可有效控制油菜中的多种抗除草剂柯柯菊。将秋季施用/播种前使用的乙草胺和/或播种前使用的呋喃唑酮与草铵膦芽后分层施用，可能有助于减轻草铵膦在油菜中的抗性选择压力。
{"title":"Multiple herbicide-resistant kochia (Bassia scoparia) control in glufosinate-resistant canola","authors":"Alysha T. Torbiak, Robert Blackshaw, R. N. Brandt, Bill Hamman, C. Geddes","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2024-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2024-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple herbicide-resistant kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] has grown in prevalence in the canola (Brassica napus L.) production region of North America. Glufosinate-resistant canola facilitates kochia management since glufosinate-resistant kochia is not known to occur. Field experiments were conducted from 2013 to 2015 in five environments near Lethbridge and Coalhurst, Alberta, to identify herbicide strategies targeting acetolactate synthase inhibitor-resistant kochia with and without glyphosate resistance in glufosinate-resistant canola. Sequential glufosinate treatments (500 g ai ha-1) postemergence caused excellent (≥90%) kochia control and biomass reduction across environments. Preplant (PP) carfentrazone + sulfentrazone (9 + 105 g ai ha-1) alone or followed by (fb) postemergence glufosinate (9 + 27 fb 500 or 9 + 105 fb 500 g ai ha-1) resulted in excellent kochia control in all environments tested. PP carfentrazone + sulfentrazone (9 + 53 g ai ha-1) alone, and a single postemergence treatment with glufosinate (500 or 590 g ai ha-1) alone or preceded by fall-applied ethalfluralin (1100 fb 500 g ai ha-1) with or without preplant carfentrazone (1100 fb 9 fb 500 g ai ha-1) caused ≥80% kochia control and biomass reduction in all environments tested. However, treatments containing preplant carfentrazone + sulfentrazone caused unacceptable canola injury or yield loss in at least one environment. In conclusion, single or sequential treatments of glufosinate postemergence managed multiple herbicide-resistant kochia effectively in canola. Layering fall-applied/preplant ethalfluralin and/or preplant carfentrazone with glufosinate postemergence may help alleviate resistance selection pressure placed on glufosinate in canola.","PeriodicalId":502175,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140662791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julian Heath, Laima Kott, Mohsen Yoosefzadeh Najafabadi, I. Rajcan
Current practices of flea beetle [Phyllotreta spp.] control in Brassica napus L. rely heavily on seed treatments and due to growing concerns regarding the safety of such treatments on non-target and beneficial insect populations, genetic resistance would be beneficial for a more balanced integrated pest management strategy. However, none of the registered B. napus. canola varieties exhibit measurable resistance to flea beetle injury. To this end, an evaluation of 14 winter-type B. napus breeding lines and 15 spring-type B. napus breeding lines for resistance to flea beetle feedings was conducted, as it was found that at least one line in each family exhibited noticeably reduced flea beetle damage compared to sister lines in a breeding nursery. The study revealed natural genetic variation within B. napus for flea beetle antixenosis which could be used by dedicated breeders to develop canola varieties with higher levels of flea beetle resistance. Data indicated that host plant resistance did not vary between feeding by newly emerged adult flea beetles in the fall and the overwintered adults in the spring in either winter-type or spring-type canola, as well as for adult feeding preferences. This indicates that favourable genes identified in in either habitat-type could be used interchangeably to confer resistance even though the flea beetle life cycle is different for each planting period, while either overwintered adults or newly emerged adults can be used to evaluate feeding damage.
{"title":"Evaluation of Spring-type and Winter-type Brassica napus Germplasm for Genetic Diversity in Response to Flea Beetle Herbivory in Typical and Atypical Planting Windows","authors":"Julian Heath, Laima Kott, Mohsen Yoosefzadeh Najafabadi, I. Rajcan","doi":"10.1139/cjps-2023-0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0105","url":null,"abstract":"Current practices of flea beetle [Phyllotreta spp.] control in Brassica napus L. rely heavily on seed treatments and due to growing concerns regarding the safety of such treatments on non-target and beneficial insect populations, genetic resistance would be beneficial for a more balanced integrated pest management strategy. However, none of the registered B. napus. canola varieties exhibit measurable resistance to flea beetle injury. To this end, an evaluation of 14 winter-type B. napus breeding lines and 15 spring-type B. napus breeding lines for resistance to flea beetle feedings was conducted, as it was found that at least one line in each family exhibited noticeably reduced flea beetle damage compared to sister lines in a breeding nursery. The study revealed natural genetic variation within B. napus for flea beetle antixenosis which could be used by dedicated breeders to develop canola varieties with higher levels of flea beetle resistance. Data indicated that host plant resistance did not vary between feeding by newly emerged adult flea beetles in the fall and the overwintered adults in the spring in either winter-type or spring-type canola, as well as for adult feeding preferences. This indicates that favourable genes identified in in either habitat-type could be used interchangeably to confer resistance even though the flea beetle life cycle is different for each planting period, while either overwintered adults or newly emerged adults can be used to evaluate feeding damage.","PeriodicalId":502175,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Science","volume":"64 s91","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140700120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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