Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8583
Aurora Hernández Cruz, María Elena Cruz Cortés, Iracema Islas Vega, J. Jiménez, Josefina Reynoso Vázquez, María del Consuelo Cabrera Morales, Jesús Carlos Ruvacaba Ledezma
Aim: To describe the socio-environmental situation in the vicinity of the Tecámac landfill and the health risk associated with leachates and microbiological air transport. Methodology: An exploratory study was carried out from a visit to the sanitary landfill through direct observation, interviews with sanitary workers and people affected by living in the immediacy of the landfill. Samples of leachate and soil these were analyzed in the laboratory, firstly to achieve the recoverability in Agar Soy Tripticase [AST] and proceeded to their identification by biochemical tests. Results: Among the chemical products perceived when visiting this socio-environmental context is hydrogen sulfide, which impacts the nervous system at the level of neurobiological vitality. The acute-chronic exposure in the population adjacent to the landfill and its leachates is enough to insist that environmental control of this area be warranted. Among the bacteria detected, 60% were Gram-positive bacilli and 30% were Gram-negative bacilli. Bacteria present in this environment are: Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtillis, Bacillus sp and Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, P. putida, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae. Conversation with people denotes exposure to chemicals-microorganisms and risks to human health. Conclusion: The presence of microorganisms and virulence profile are aspects to be considered in these bacteria is their virulence profile, and their biotechnological profile when they present an effect as generators of plant growth. For this reason, the study of this type of bacteria is transcendent in the fields of Environmental Sciences and Public Health.
{"title":"Socio-environmental Panorama in the Vicinity of a Sanitary Landfill: The Risk for Aerosols of Leachates and Microbiological Air Transport","authors":"Aurora Hernández Cruz, María Elena Cruz Cortés, Iracema Islas Vega, J. Jiménez, Josefina Reynoso Vázquez, María del Consuelo Cabrera Morales, Jesús Carlos Ruvacaba Ledezma","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8583","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To describe the socio-environmental situation in the vicinity of the Tecámac landfill and the health risk associated with leachates and microbiological air transport. \u0000Methodology: An exploratory study was carried out from a visit to the sanitary landfill through direct observation, interviews with sanitary workers and people affected by living in the immediacy of the landfill. Samples of leachate and soil these were analyzed in the laboratory, firstly to achieve the recoverability in Agar Soy Tripticase [AST] and proceeded to their identification by biochemical tests. \u0000Results: Among the chemical products perceived when visiting this socio-environmental context is hydrogen sulfide, which impacts the nervous system at the level of neurobiological vitality. The acute-chronic exposure in the population adjacent to the landfill and its leachates is enough to insist that environmental control of this area be warranted. Among the bacteria detected, 60% were Gram-positive bacilli and 30% were Gram-negative bacilli. Bacteria present in this environment are: Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtillis, Bacillus sp and Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, P. putida, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae. Conversation with people denotes exposure to chemicals-microorganisms and risks to human health. \u0000Conclusion: The presence of microorganisms and virulence profile are aspects to be considered in these bacteria is their virulence profile, and their biotechnological profile when they present an effect as generators of plant growth. For this reason, the study of this type of bacteria is transcendent in the fields of Environmental Sciences and Public Health.","PeriodicalId":502350,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"68 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8582
K. S. Susmaa, J. M. Jeni, A. Prasanna, D. Manikandavelu, B. R. Sona, K. Masilan, B. Mahalakshmi
Coral reefs are one of the most bio diverse ecosystems in the world. These are also regarded as one of the major productive ecosystem. The commonly reported threats to coral health include bleaching, over exploitation of fish stocks, destructive fishing and the rapid man-made development in the coastal areas. These environmental impacts have paved the way to the emergence of coral disease and are considered as the most serious issue of coral reefs deterioration. Globally, the major diseases affecting corals are Black band disease, White band disease, Aspergillosis, Dark spot disease, Stony coral disease, Pink line syndrome, Yellow band disease, and Skeletal eroding diseases. In this paper, all the diseases affecting the corals are elaborately discussed.
{"title":"Exploring the Vital Role of Coral Disease in Coral Reef Sustainability: A Comprehensive Analysis","authors":"K. S. Susmaa, J. M. Jeni, A. Prasanna, D. Manikandavelu, B. R. Sona, K. Masilan, B. Mahalakshmi","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8582","url":null,"abstract":"Coral reefs are one of the most bio diverse ecosystems in the world. These are also regarded as one of the major productive ecosystem. The commonly reported threats to coral health include bleaching, over exploitation of fish stocks, destructive fishing and the rapid man-made development in the coastal areas. These environmental impacts have paved the way to the emergence of coral disease and are considered as the most serious issue of coral reefs deterioration. Globally, the major diseases affecting corals are Black band disease, White band disease, Aspergillosis, Dark spot disease, Stony coral disease, Pink line syndrome, Yellow band disease, and Skeletal eroding diseases. In this paper, all the diseases affecting the corals are elaborately discussed.","PeriodicalId":502350,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8581
Laison S. Kaganga
Over the past three decades, community forest management regimes, which involve collaborative decision-making for forest resource management, have been the dominant form of forest management in the global south. Among other things, this management regime has been associated with improving both forest conditions and community livelihoods. Recent studies, however, indicate that forests under community-based forest management (CBFM) are decreasing, subjecting them to degradation and complete land use change. This study, therefore, assesses the sustainability of Kilongo Forest Reserve under CBFM in Wangingómbe District, Njombe Region, Tanzania. Data was collected from 90 heads of Kilongo Sub-Village households in the study village of Masaulwa using probability and non-probability approaches through structured interviews, in-depth interviews, and documentary reviews. The results showed that Kilongo Forest Reserve conditions improved noticeably over the 20-year period under CBFM through increased forest density, tree height, and undergrowth diversity. This was due to the existence of rules and regulations, as well as villagers' involvement in forest management. However, with the exception of the increased harvests of honey, the results demonstrate that the improved forest conditions did not significantly improve the livelihoods of the villagers. This is because the trees were not mature enough to produce timber. On the other hand, the forest reserve faced the challenge of animals passing through or grazing within the forest, as well as illegal harvesting of forest resources. It was also noted that the presence of numerous actors, multiple power centres, a village environmental management committee (VEMC) that was neither accountable to the villagers nor under their control, and the unequal distribution of benefits all compromised the effectiveness of Kilongo Forest Reserve. This study concludes that Kilongo Forest Reserve management under CBFM is not sustainable. Thus, to ensure the sustainability of Kilongo Forest Reserve under CBFM, there should be a complete decentralisation in the governance of the forest reserve, and the villagers should reduce their reliance on wood for energy by enabling them to use alternative sources of energy.
{"title":"Assessing the Sustainability of Kilongo Forest Reserve under Community-Based Management in Wangingómbe District, Njombe Region, Tanzania","authors":"Laison S. Kaganga","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8581","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past three decades, community forest management regimes, which involve collaborative decision-making for forest resource management, have been the dominant form of forest management in the global south. Among other things, this management regime has been associated with improving both forest conditions and community livelihoods. Recent studies, however, indicate that forests under community-based forest management (CBFM) are decreasing, subjecting them to degradation and complete land use change. This study, therefore, assesses the sustainability of Kilongo Forest Reserve under CBFM in Wangingómbe District, Njombe Region, Tanzania. Data was collected from 90 heads of Kilongo Sub-Village households in the study village of Masaulwa using probability and non-probability approaches through structured interviews, in-depth interviews, and documentary reviews. The results showed that Kilongo Forest Reserve conditions improved noticeably over the 20-year period under CBFM through increased forest density, tree height, and undergrowth diversity. This was due to the existence of rules and regulations, as well as villagers' involvement in forest management. However, with the exception of the increased harvests of honey, the results demonstrate that the improved forest conditions did not significantly improve the livelihoods of the villagers. This is because the trees were not mature enough to produce timber. On the other hand, the forest reserve faced the challenge of animals passing through or grazing within the forest, as well as illegal harvesting of forest resources. It was also noted that the presence of numerous actors, multiple power centres, a village environmental management committee (VEMC) that was neither accountable to the villagers nor under their control, and the unequal distribution of benefits all compromised the effectiveness of Kilongo Forest Reserve. This study concludes that Kilongo Forest Reserve management under CBFM is not sustainable. Thus, to ensure the sustainability of Kilongo Forest Reserve under CBFM, there should be a complete decentralisation in the governance of the forest reserve, and the villagers should reduce their reliance on wood for energy by enabling them to use alternative sources of energy.","PeriodicalId":502350,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"44 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8580
R. V. Borichangar, Mihir R. Patel, Jeet N. Parmar, Jay B. Patel, S. K. Bharda, Dhruti P. Kotadiya
Crustacean isopod parasites, particularly in the marine environment, are prevalent around warmer seas and can significantly impact local fish populations. Mothocya renardi, a notable species of isopod parasites, commonly infests fishes in shallow, turbid coastal waters. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, taxonomy, and morphology of M. renardi infesting Strongylura leiura in the Arabian Sea around the northwest coast of India. Samples were collected from Dholai fishing harbor (Navsari District of Gujarat), during the post-monsoon months. Three specimens of S. leiura were found infected with pairs of male and female M. renardi in the brachial chambers, with all female parasites being brooded ovigerous. Detailed morphological analysis confirmed the presence of M. renardi, extending its known geographical range to the Arabian Sea.
甲壳类异足寄生虫，尤其是海洋环境中的寄生虫，在温度较高的海域非常普遍，会对当地鱼类种群造成严重影响。Mothocya renardi 是等足类寄生虫中的一个重要种类，通常寄生于浅而浑浊的沿海水域中的鱼类。本研究旨在调查印度西北海岸附近阿拉伯海中寄生于 Strongylura leiura 的 M. renardi 的发生、分类和形态。研究人员在季风过后的几个月里从 Dholai 渔港（古吉拉特邦纳夫萨里区）采集了样本。发现三条 S. leiura 标本的肱室中感染了成对的雌雄 M. renardi，所有雌性寄生虫均为卵生。详细的形态分析证实了 M. renardi 的存在，将其已知的地理范围扩大到了阿拉伯海。
{"title":"Distribution of an Isopod Parasite Mothocya renardi in the Host Strongylura leiura from Arabian Sea Gujarat Coast, India","authors":"R. V. Borichangar, Mihir R. Patel, Jeet N. Parmar, Jay B. Patel, S. K. Bharda, Dhruti P. Kotadiya","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8580","url":null,"abstract":"Crustacean isopod parasites, particularly in the marine environment, are prevalent around warmer seas and can significantly impact local fish populations. Mothocya renardi, a notable species of isopod parasites, commonly infests fishes in shallow, turbid coastal waters. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, taxonomy, and morphology of M. renardi infesting Strongylura leiura in the Arabian Sea around the northwest coast of India. Samples were collected from Dholai fishing harbor (Navsari District of Gujarat), during the post-monsoon months. Three specimens of S. leiura were found infected with pairs of male and female M. renardi in the brachial chambers, with all female parasites being brooded ovigerous. Detailed morphological analysis confirmed the presence of M. renardi, extending its known geographical range to the Arabian Sea.","PeriodicalId":502350,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-06DOI: 10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8579
Phyo Sandi, Thida Khaing, Kay Thi Nyunt, Nwe Nwe Soe Hlaing, A. Khaing, Nandar Aye Winn
Phytoplankton are the foundation of food webs and the most important producer in aquatic ecosystems. They can photosynthesize and convert light energy into organic energy. They are a secrete ingredients used as a bioindicator of water quality and pollution. This study investigated composition of phytoplankton in freshwater body of Sunye lake, Mandalay region. The study was conducted one year from January 2020 to December 2020. According to the study, out of 47 total algal genera; Chlorophyceae (14 genera), Baciliophyceae (11 genera); Cyonophyceae (nine genera); Zygnematophyceae (two genera), Euglenophyceae (one genera) and Conjugatophyceae (one genera) were recorded. In this study, among total genera of 37, the class of Chlorophyceae (45%) is the largest group followed by (28%), Bacillariophyceae Cyanophyceae (19%), Zygnematophyceae (4%), Euglenophyceae (2%) and Conjugatophyceae (2%). This present check list study will be useful base line data for further study of phytoplankton in the lake. Aims: The aim of study is to record and give the information’s of phytoplankton existence and useful data for further study and lake ecosystem. Study Design: The water sample was collected monthly early morning once a week throughout the study period. Place and Duration of Study: These sample were collected from natural freshwater Sunye lake during January 2020 to December 2020 for one year period. Methodology: Phytoplankton samples were taken by filtering through 25 µm mesh plankton net and preserved with a Lugol‘s solution and kept in refrigerator for further study. The sample was identified and took photograph by using the microscope (OPTIKA). The results of phytoplanktons were checked with phytoplankton identification key, taxonomic database site. Results: In the present study, 47 genera belong to the six different classes of phytoplanktons were recorded Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Zygnematophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Conjugatophyceae. Conclusion: The current study is first time to study the checklist of phytoplankton in Sunye Lake and should be continuously study to update the checklist data of phytoplankton genera and seasonally abundance which is important indicators of lake ecosystem.
{"title":"Primary Checklist of Phytoplankton Genera in Sunye Lake, Mandalay Region, Myanmar","authors":"Phyo Sandi, Thida Khaing, Kay Thi Nyunt, Nwe Nwe Soe Hlaing, A. Khaing, Nandar Aye Winn","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8579","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoplankton are the foundation of food webs and the most important producer in aquatic ecosystems. They can photosynthesize and convert light energy into organic energy. They are a secrete ingredients used as a bioindicator of water quality and pollution. This study investigated composition of phytoplankton in freshwater body of Sunye lake, Mandalay region. The study was conducted one year from January 2020 to December 2020. According to the study, out of 47 total algal genera; Chlorophyceae (14 genera), Baciliophyceae (11 genera); Cyonophyceae (nine genera); Zygnematophyceae (two genera), Euglenophyceae (one genera) and Conjugatophyceae (one genera) were recorded. In this study, among total genera of 37, the class of Chlorophyceae (45%) is the largest group followed by (28%), Bacillariophyceae Cyanophyceae (19%), Zygnematophyceae (4%), Euglenophyceae (2%) and Conjugatophyceae (2%). This present check list study will be useful base line data for further study of phytoplankton in the lake. \u0000Aims: The aim of study is to record and give the information’s of phytoplankton existence and useful data for further study and lake ecosystem. \u0000Study Design: The water sample was collected monthly early morning once a week throughout the study period. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: These sample were collected from natural freshwater Sunye lake during January 2020 to December 2020 for one year period. \u0000Methodology: Phytoplankton samples were taken by filtering through 25 µm mesh plankton net and preserved with a Lugol‘s solution and kept in refrigerator for further study. The sample was identified and took photograph by using the microscope (OPTIKA). The results of phytoplanktons were checked with phytoplankton identification key, taxonomic database site. \u0000Results: In the present study, 47 genera belong to the six different classes of phytoplanktons were recorded Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Zygnematophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Conjugatophyceae. \u0000Conclusion: The current study is first time to study the checklist of phytoplankton in Sunye Lake and should be continuously study to update the checklist data of phytoplankton genera and seasonally abundance which is important indicators of lake ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":502350,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":" 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141672586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was estimating the physicochemical parameters of water and preparing the water quality index for drinking water in a residential area of Bilaspur city. Fifty water samples were collected from ten sites and analyzed six parameters of water quality by using the portable multi-parameter water quality meter (Hanna Instruments: HI98194). The results of water quality were statistically different for sites (p<0.001). During the study, the average water pH (8.326±0.67), water temperature (27.349±0.207 °C), dissolved oxygen (7.775±0.034 mg/l), total dissolved solids (526.46±0.781mg/l), electrical conductivity of water (391.6±0.79 mg/l), and oxygen reduction potential (-32.715±0.21 mV) were recorded. The positive correlation was observed between EC and TDS (r = 0.935) and pH and ORP (r = 0.802), while the negative correlation was observed between DO and temperature. The range of the WQI was observed to be 383.67 to 530.87, and there was a statistically difference at for sites (p<0.001).
{"title":"Evaluation of Physio-chemical Properties and WQI of the Drinking Water in Urban Area of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India","authors":"Sandhya Tirkey, B. Singh, Kamesh, Shailly Misra, Pinaki Prasad Singh, Ruby, Tulika Johri","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7574","url":null,"abstract":"This study was estimating the physicochemical parameters of water and preparing the water quality index for drinking water in a residential area of Bilaspur city. Fifty water samples were collected from ten sites and analyzed six parameters of water quality by using the portable multi-parameter water quality meter (Hanna Instruments: HI98194). The results of water quality were statistically different for sites (p<0.001). During the study, the average water pH (8.326±0.67), water temperature (27.349±0.207 °C), dissolved oxygen (7.775±0.034 mg/l), total dissolved solids (526.46±0.781mg/l), electrical conductivity of water (391.6±0.79 mg/l), and oxygen reduction potential (-32.715±0.21 mV) were recorded. The positive correlation was observed between EC and TDS (r = 0.935) and pH and ORP (r = 0.802), while the negative correlation was observed between DO and temperature. The range of the WQI was observed to be 383.67 to 530.87, and there was a statistically difference at for sites (p<0.001).","PeriodicalId":502350,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141337486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-14DOI: 10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7573
Y. D. T. I. Karunarathna, R. C. L. D. Silva
Kaolinitic clay deposits, esteemed as valuable mineral resources in Sri Lanka, are widely distributed throughout the country. Clay deposits in the Ratnapura District are often unearthed during gem mining operations. Unfortunately, excavated deposits are frequently disposed of openly on the ground without undergoing any value-addition process. This practice alters the soil condition of the vicinity, as the clay soil blocks the gravitational flow of rainwater. This environmental impact can be overcome by adding commercial value to these kaolinitic clay deposits. The present study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of extracting alumina from kaolinitic clay found at gem mining sites and to evaluate the potential of the extracted alumina as an adsorbent. Kaolinitic clay samples were collected from a gem mining site in the Ratnapura District. First, kaolin was transformed into metakaolin through calcination, and then alumina was extracted from the metakaolin via acid leaching using HCl as the leaching agent. Aluminum ions were separated from the leaching solution as Al(OH)₃ using NaOH as the precipitant. The precipitated Al(OH)₃ was transformed into alumina by calcination. The adsorption properties of the extracted alumina were evaluated using methylene blue solution as the adsorbate. Kaolin, extracted, and commercial alumina samples were characterized using XRD, XRF, FTIR, and SEM analysis. XRF analysis revealed that kaolin consists of 29.11 % alumina by weight, and the purity of the extracted alumina was 90.03%. The crystalline phase of extracted alumina was identified as the γ phase via XRD analysis. Extracted and commercial alumina exhibited similar trends in the adsorption of methylene blue under varying adsorption parameters. Accordingly, γ-phase alumina with a purity exceeding 90% can be produced from the kaolinitic clay found at the gem mining site under these experimental conditions. The extracted alumina has demonstrated potential for use as an adsorbent, exhibiting compatibility with commercial alumina.
{"title":"Extraction of Alumina from Kaolin found in Gem Mining Sites of Sri Lanka","authors":"Y. D. T. I. Karunarathna, R. C. L. D. Silva","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7573","url":null,"abstract":"Kaolinitic clay deposits, esteemed as valuable mineral resources in Sri Lanka, are widely distributed throughout the country. Clay deposits in the Ratnapura District are often unearthed during gem mining operations. Unfortunately, excavated deposits are frequently disposed of openly on the ground without undergoing any value-addition process. This practice alters the soil condition of the vicinity, as the clay soil blocks the gravitational flow of rainwater. This environmental impact can be overcome by adding commercial value to these kaolinitic clay deposits. The present study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of extracting alumina from kaolinitic clay found at gem mining sites and to evaluate the potential of the extracted alumina as an adsorbent. Kaolinitic clay samples were collected from a gem mining site in the Ratnapura District. First, kaolin was transformed into metakaolin through calcination, and then alumina was extracted from the metakaolin via acid leaching using HCl as the leaching agent. Aluminum ions were separated from the leaching solution as Al(OH)₃ using NaOH as the precipitant. The precipitated Al(OH)₃ was transformed into alumina by calcination. The adsorption properties of the extracted alumina were evaluated using methylene blue solution as the adsorbate. Kaolin, extracted, and commercial alumina samples were characterized using XRD, XRF, FTIR, and SEM analysis. XRF analysis revealed that kaolin consists of 29.11 % alumina by weight, and the purity of the extracted alumina was 90.03%. The crystalline phase of extracted alumina was identified as the γ phase via XRD analysis. Extracted and commercial alumina exhibited similar trends in the adsorption of methylene blue under varying adsorption parameters. Accordingly, γ-phase alumina with a purity exceeding 90% can be produced from the kaolinitic clay found at the gem mining site under these experimental conditions. The extracted alumina has demonstrated potential for use as an adsorbent, exhibiting compatibility with commercial alumina.","PeriodicalId":502350,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"66 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141337947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bauxite exploration and production have significant negative impacts on ecological systems, primarily due to the high distribution of heavy metals in the environment. Post-bauxite mining reclamation efforts are most times inadequate. As a result, some abandoned pit mines have turned into lakes, now used for recreational activities. This study examines the heavy metal distribution in two locations affected by bauxite mining: the recreational Kara-Kara Blue Lake (BL) and the active Tailing Pond (TP). Using X-ray fluorescence, ten sediment samples from these sites were analysed for metals such as Al, Co, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, and Zn. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel, SPSS, and JASP software. The heavy metals in the Tailing Pond demonstrated a decreasing sequence of Fe > Ti > Al > Mn > Ni > Cd > Co > Cr > Zn > Pb > Mo > Cu, while in Blue Lake, the order was Ti > Fe > Mn > Co > Cr > Cd > Ni > Mo > Zn > Pb > Cu > Al. The study employed the Contamination Factor (CF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI) to evaluate pollution levels, revealing higher contaminant levels in the tailings pond than in Blue Lake, with PLI values of 1.06 and 0.83, respectively. Although Blue Lake appears relatively unpolluted and suitable for recreation, both lakes' elevated Ni, Cd, and Cr levels necessitate continuous monitoring to mitigate long-term exposure risks.
铝土矿的勘探和生产对生态系统产生了严重的负面影响，这主要是由于重金属在环境中的大量分布。铝土矿开采后的复垦工作大多不够充分。因此，一些废弃的矿坑变成了湖泊，现在被用于娱乐活动。本研究考察了受铝土矿开采影响的两个地点的重金属分布情况：娱乐性的卡拉卡拉蓝湖（BL）和活动性的尾矿池（TP）。利用 X 射线荧光法，对来自这两个地点的十个沉积物样本进行了金属分析，如铝、钴、镉、铬、铜、铁、镁、钼、镍、铅、钛和锌。数据分析采用 Microsoft Excel、SPSS 和 JASP 软件进行。尾矿库中的重金属含量呈递减趋势，依次为 Fe > Ti > Al > Mn > Ni > Cd > Co > Cr > Zn > Pb > Mo > Cu，而蓝湖中的重金属含量则依次为 Ti > Fe > Mn > Co > Cr > Cd > Ni > Mo > Zn > Pb > Cu > Al。研究采用污染因子（CF）和污染负荷指数（PLI）来评估污染水平，结果显示尾矿库的污染物水平高于蓝湖，PLI 值分别为 1.06 和 0.83。尽管蓝湖看起来相对未受污染，适合休闲娱乐，但由于两个湖泊的镍、镉和铬含量都较高，因此有必要对其进行持续监测，以降低长期暴露风险。
{"title":"Impact of Bauxite Mining on Heavy Metal Levels in Kara Kara Blue Lake and Associated Active Tailing Pond","authors":"Mayon Adams, Josephine Kawa Maximus, Kerion Husbands","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7572","url":null,"abstract":"Bauxite exploration and production have significant negative impacts on ecological systems, primarily due to the high distribution of heavy metals in the environment. Post-bauxite mining reclamation efforts are most times inadequate. As a result, some abandoned pit mines have turned into lakes, now used for recreational activities. This study examines the heavy metal distribution in two locations affected by bauxite mining: the recreational Kara-Kara Blue Lake (BL) and the active Tailing Pond (TP). Using X-ray fluorescence, ten sediment samples from these sites were analysed for metals such as Al, Co, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, and Zn. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel, SPSS, and JASP software. The heavy metals in the Tailing Pond demonstrated a decreasing sequence of Fe > Ti > Al > Mn > Ni > Cd > Co > Cr > Zn > Pb > Mo > Cu, while in Blue Lake, the order was Ti > Fe > Mn > Co > Cr > Cd > Ni > Mo > Zn > Pb > Cu > Al. The study employed the Contamination Factor (CF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI) to evaluate pollution levels, revealing higher contaminant levels in the tailings pond than in Blue Lake, with PLI values of 1.06 and 0.83, respectively. Although Blue Lake appears relatively unpolluted and suitable for recreation, both lakes' elevated Ni, Cd, and Cr levels necessitate continuous monitoring to mitigate long-term exposure risks.","PeriodicalId":502350,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141381470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7571
Navruzova Murodsulton, Aditya P. Rathore, Rahemanali M. Surpura, Smit K. Patel, Sudhanshu Jangir
Aim: This review aims to synthesize current understanding of the multifaceted impacts of climate change on agriculture, examine adaptive strategies to maintain food security, and offer insights into sustainable farming practices. Objectives: The objectives are to: (1) identify the potential causes of climate change, (2) assess its effects on agriculture, and (3) discuss mitigation strategies and sustainable farming practice. Methodology: A systematic review of the literature has been performed. We conducted an in-depth study of previous research, reports, and related literature. Sources were selected based on relevance and credibility to provide a thorough examination of the impacts of climate change on agriculture. Analysis: The analysis focused on categorizing the direct and indirect effects of climate change on agricultural systems, understanding changes in crop yield, plant physiology and metabolism, and evaluating the effectiveness of various mitigation strategies. Result Findings: The findings indicate that the greenhouse effect, driven by gases such as CO2, CH4, and H2O, leads to global temperature increases. The concentration of these gases is rising, with the global average temperature expected to increase by 2°C by 2100, causing significant economic losses. While this increase has boosted plant growth and productivity through enhanced photosynthesis, the associated rise in temperature counteracts these benefits. Therefore, mitigation strategies such as nutrient management, drip and sprinkler irrigation, and sustainable agricultural practices are essential. Natural farming is a sustainable agricultural practice that offers chemical-free, healthy food while promising to increase farmers' income, improve environmental health, restore soil fertility, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Conclusion: Climate change poses a significant threat to global food and nutritional security by altering agricultural productivity and sustainability. Understanding these impacts and developing effective mitigation strategies is crucial. This review provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners to address these challenges and ensure resilient agricultural systems capable of sustaining future food security.
{"title":"Contemporary Farming and Associated Consequences of Climate Change","authors":"Navruzova Murodsulton, Aditya P. Rathore, Rahemanali M. Surpura, Smit K. Patel, Sudhanshu Jangir","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7571","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This review aims to synthesize current understanding of the multifaceted impacts of climate change on agriculture, examine adaptive strategies to maintain food security, and offer insights into sustainable farming practices. \u0000Objectives: The objectives are to: (1) identify the potential causes of climate change, (2) assess its effects on agriculture, and (3) discuss mitigation strategies and sustainable farming practice. \u0000Methodology: A systematic review of the literature has been performed. We conducted an in-depth study of previous research, reports, and related literature. Sources were selected based on relevance and credibility to provide a thorough examination of the impacts of climate change on agriculture. \u0000Analysis: The analysis focused on categorizing the direct and indirect effects of climate change on agricultural systems, understanding changes in crop yield, plant physiology and metabolism, and evaluating the effectiveness of various mitigation strategies. \u0000Result Findings: The findings indicate that the greenhouse effect, driven by gases such as CO2, CH4, and H2O, leads to global temperature increases. The concentration of these gases is rising, with the global average temperature expected to increase by 2°C by 2100, causing significant economic losses. While this increase has boosted plant growth and productivity through enhanced photosynthesis, the associated rise in temperature counteracts these benefits. \u0000Therefore, mitigation strategies such as nutrient management, drip and sprinkler irrigation, and sustainable agricultural practices are essential. Natural farming is a sustainable agricultural practice that offers chemical-free, healthy food while promising to increase farmers' income, improve environmental health, restore soil fertility, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. \u0000Conclusion: Climate change poses a significant threat to global food and nutritional security by altering agricultural productivity and sustainability. Understanding these impacts and developing effective mitigation strategies is crucial. This review provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners to address these challenges and ensure resilient agricultural systems capable of sustaining future food security.","PeriodicalId":502350,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"38 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7570
P. Chand, S. K. Mandal, A. Tiwari, Ankit Yadav
Brinjal Solanum melongena L. is an herbaceous, tropical perennial plant, belongs to the family Solanaceae which is grown for its edible fruit. Among the different major insect pests infesting brinjal, whitefly, Bemicia tabaci (Genn.), is very important under West Bengal condition. The experiment was conducted during the 2013 and 2014 in the University farm at Kalyani, West Bengal state of India. Cv ‘Muktakeshi’ was grown in plots measuring 5 m×5 m, at spacing of 1 m x 0.75 m with three replication. The plots were set out in a randomized block design with six treatments including an untreated check. Five doses of cyazypyr 20% SC (4.5 MAT ,6.0 MAT, 7.5 MAT, 9.0 MAT and, 12 MAT in both year 2013 and 2014) were sprayed every year for their efficacy, After 50 days of treatment cyazypyr 20% SC @ 9.0 and 7.5 MAT (3.33 and 6.87 whiteflies / 5 leaves, respectively) maintained their superiority in controlling whiteflies, while @ 6.0 and 4.5 MAT (7.93 and 8.40 whiteflies / 5 leaves, respectively) and this treatment failed to show any significant difference from untreated control.
{"title":"Effect of Soil Application of Cyazypyr 20% SC, New Anthranilic Diamide Insecticide against Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn. in Brinjal","authors":"P. Chand, S. K. Mandal, A. Tiwari, Ankit Yadav","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i7570","url":null,"abstract":"Brinjal Solanum melongena L. is an herbaceous, tropical perennial plant, belongs to the family Solanaceae which is grown for its edible fruit. Among the different major insect pests infesting brinjal, whitefly, Bemicia tabaci (Genn.), is very important under West Bengal condition. The experiment was conducted during the 2013 and 2014 in the University farm at Kalyani, West Bengal state of India. Cv ‘Muktakeshi’ was grown in plots measuring 5 m×5 m, at spacing of 1 m x 0.75 m with three replication. The plots were set out in a randomized block design with six treatments including an untreated check. Five doses of cyazypyr 20% SC (4.5 MAT ,6.0 MAT, 7.5 MAT, 9.0 MAT and, 12 MAT in both year 2013 and 2014) were sprayed every year for their efficacy, After 50 days of treatment cyazypyr 20% SC @ 9.0 and 7.5 MAT (3.33 and 6.87 whiteflies / 5 leaves, respectively) maintained their superiority in controlling whiteflies, while @ 6.0 and 4.5 MAT (7.93 and 8.40 whiteflies / 5 leaves, respectively) and this treatment failed to show any significant difference from untreated control.","PeriodicalId":502350,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"21 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141386047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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