Journal of Clinical Hypertension最新文献

The relationships between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in adults were investigated. A total of 1398 subjects were included according to the inclusion criteria. Demographic data, medical history, and biochemical indicators were collected. The cfPWV was measured using the Complior Analyse device. AIP was calculated using the following formula: AIP = log (triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and logistic regression were performed to explore the relationships between AIP and cfPWV. Compared to the cfPWV normal group, the cfPWV elevated group had a higher level of AIP (p < 0.05). In all subjects, mild-to-moderate correlations were found between AIP and cfPWV (p < 0.05). Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that AIP was an independent factor associated with cfPWV (β = 0.156, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the prevalence of cfPWV ≥ 10 m/s increased with the rise of AIP (OR = 18.291, p < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for AIP was 0.697. The critical point for AIP was determined as 0.00 by the Youden index (sensitivity of 76.2% and specificity of 54.3%). Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that in the young and middle-aged group with normal cfPWV, AIP was an independent factor associated with cfPWV (p < 0.05). In adults, AIP is an independent factor associated with an increased cfPWV. When AIP > 0.00, it has a certain predictive value in the screening of atherosclerosis.

Hypertension is one component of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Here, the study evaluated hypertension-associated metabolites in relation to other MetS components. Fasting plasma samples were collected from 22 hypertensive and 63 normotensive subjects for non-targeted metabolomics. Compared with normotensive subjects, hypertensive patients were more diabetic (6.3% vs. 36.4%) and had dyslipidemia (27.0% vs. 63.6%) (both p < .05). By non-targeted metabolomics, 758 metabolites in 22 classes were identified and 56 were differentially regulated between hypertensive and normotensive groups. Amongst these 56 metabolites, receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that 14 had an area under the curve above 0.6. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analysis demonstrated that per one-fold increase of L-glutmatic acid, L-cystine, (9S,10E,12Z,15Z)-9-Hydroxy-10,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, deoxyribose 5-phosphate, and falcarinolone, the odds ratios were 3.64, 4.61, 0.26, 0.26, and 0.37 for having the risk of hypertension, respectively. Of five metabolites, by Spearman's correlation analysis, only L-glutmatic acid and L-cystine levels were positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (all p < .05). Spearman's correlation analysis further revealed that L-glutmatic acid levels were positively correlated with to body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, and serum triglyceride but negatively associated with HDL-c (all p < .05) whereas L-cystine levels were not related to any of these components (p ≥ .13). Multivariate-adjusted linear regression analysis confirmed the positive correlation between L-cystine levels and systolic or diastolic blood pressure (β = 2.66 for SBP; β = 2.50 for DBP; both p < .05). In conclusion, L-cystine could be a potent metabolite for increased risk of hypertension.

The weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) is an innovative measure of obesity that appears to surpass body mass index (BMI) in assessing lean body mass and fat mass. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between WWI and AS in hypertensive adults in the United States. The study included 9753 adults diagnosed with hypertension from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which spanned the years 2007–2016. WWI was calculated by dividing waist circumference (in cm) by the square root of body weight (in kg), and arterial stiffness (represented by estimated pulse wave velocity [ePWV]) was analyzed as the outcome. Weighted multiple linear regression and smooth curve fitting were used to test for linear and nonlinear associations. Threshold effects were determined using a two-part linear regression model. Additionally, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted to gain a more in-depth understanding of the observed associations. The mean WWI of the participants was 11.32 ± 0.76. After multivariable adjustment, WWI showed a significant nonlinear association with ePWV, with a U-shaped association observed between the two. Specifically, WWI below the threshold of 10.23 was negatively associated with arterial stiffness (β = −0.39, 95% CI: −0.54 to −0.25), while WWI above the threshold of 10.23 was positively associated with arterial stiffness (β = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.01–0.07). To conclude, the present findings imply that maintaining WWI within an optimal range could reduce AS in hypertensive individuals and potentially decrease cardiovascular risk. However, this observation needs to be confirmed in large clinical trials.

This study aimed to examine the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in normotensive adults with hypertension and further investigate potential effect modifiers of this association. A total of 7975 normoweight hypertensive participants were enrolled from the Chinese H-type hypertension registry (CHHRS) cohort. The TyG index was calculated using the formula: ln (fasting triglyceride [mg/dL] × fasting plasma glucose [mg/dL])/2. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² of body surface area. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a 50% increased risk of CKD (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.26–1.79) for each unit increase in the TyG index. A linear dose-response relationship between the TyG index and CKD risk was observed using restricted cubic spline analysis. Compared to the first quartile of the TyG index, the fourth quartile showed a significantly higher risk of CKD (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.41–2.50). Subgroup analysis identified a stronger association between the TyG index and CKD risk in males and individuals with a history of alcohol consumption (all p values for interaction < 0.05). In conclusions, the TyG index was significantly associated with an increased risk of CKD in normoweight adults with hypertension, particularly in males and those with a history of alcohol consumption.

Although observational studies have linked primary aldosteronism (PA) with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the causality remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether PA is causally associated with CVD risk and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Independent and genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms for PA were extracted from genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. Genetic associations with the CVDs and CMR parameters were obtained from recent large-scale GWASs or genetic consortia. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was utilized for the preliminary estimates, and multiple sensitivity analyses (including weighted median, Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out analysis) were conducted to verify the robustness of the results. The MR analyses using the IVW method showed that genetically predicated PA was significantly associated with atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.046, 95% CI: 1.029–1.062, padj < 0.001), myocardial infarction (OR = 1.029, 95% CI: 1.005–1.053, padj = 0.027), heart failure (OR = 1.023, 95% CI: 1.004–1.042, padj = 0.027), any stroke (OR = 1.062, 95% CI: 1.031–1.095, padj < 0.001), any ischemic stroke (OR = 1.058, 95% CI: 1.022–1.095, padj = 0.004), and small vessel stroke (OR = 1.116, 95% CI: 1.041–1.196, padj = 0.004). Notably, PA also had a causal effect on adverse cardiac remodeling, including larger ventricular and atrial volumes, higher ventricular stroke volume, and reduced left atrial emptying fraction. Our findings support a causal role of PA in higher cardiovascular disease risk and adverse cardiac remodeling. Given the diagnostic delay and disease burden in PA, more attention should be paid to the screening and treatment of PA to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular outcomes.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated a blood pressure (BP) reduction benefit despite other indications for use. We evaluated BP changes and antihypertensive medication use pre- and post-SGLT2i initiation among 12 960 patients with treated hypertension and among subgroups with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH) and/or proteinuria. Post-SGLT2i initiation, the mean (SD) systolic blood pressure (SBP) was reduced from 133.9 (16.4) to 128.6 (15.5) mmHg and the mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was reduced from 70.8 (11.8) to 68.3 (11.3) mmHg among all patients. The mean SBP/DBP reduction was 5.3/2.5, 6.2/2.8, and 6.1/2.9 mmHg among all patients, patients with aTRH, and patients with proteinuria, respectively. Achieved BP < 130/80 mmHg increased by 12.5%, 16.9%, and 11.1% for all patients, patients with aTRH, and patients with proteinuria, respectively. Discontinuation of ≥ 1 antihypertensive medication within 12 months of SGLT2i initiation occurred in 33.4% overall, 47.6% of patients with aTRH, and 38.7% of patients with proteinuria.

Biomarkers of kidney function, including glomerular, tubular, and fibrotic markers, have been associated with blood pressure in elderly populations and individuals with kidney and cardiovascular diseases. However, limited information is available in young adults. In this study, we compared levels of several kidney function biomarkers between normotensive and hypertensive young adults and explored the associations of these biomarkers with blood pressure within these groups. In this cross-sectional assessment, twenty-four-hour (24-h) blood pressure measurements of 1055 participants (mean age = 24.6 years) were used to classify hypertension as per the 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines. Biomarkers of kidney function included estimated glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin, alpha-1 microglobulin (uA1M), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), uromodulin (uUMOD), and the CKD273 classifier. All urinary biomarkers, except for the CKD273 classifier, were standardized for urinary creatinine (Cr). In the hypertensive group (61.0% White; 73.2% men), urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR), uNGAL/Cr and uUMOD/Cr were lower than the normotensive group. In multiple regression analyses, 24-h systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β = 0.14; p = 0.042), 24-h diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β = 0.14; p = 0.040), and 24-h mean arterial pressure (MAP) (β = 0.16; p = 0.020) associated positively with uA1M/Cr in the hypertensive group, while 24-h MAP positively associated with uACR (β = 0.17; p = 0.017). In exploratory factor analysis, positive associations of 24-h DBP and 24-h MAP with a factor pattern including tubular biomarkers were observed in the hypertensive group (24-h DBP: β = 0.18; p = 0.026, 24-h MAP: β = 0.17; p = 0.032). In the setting of hypertension, high perfusion pressure in the kidneys may play a role in the development of proximal tubule damage and promote early deterioration in kidney function in young adults.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03292094

One additional note to mention is that the sample size of our study population is not considered large compared to India's population, and there were indeed limitations in our study, however, clinical studies using home BP monitoring (HBPM) in India are limited. Our GRAND Study is the first step toward understanding the “real” BP control status using both clinic BP and home BP and the current hypertension situation in India. We believe that the GRAND Study will contribute to understanding hypertension management based on HBPM, and we anticipate that future national studies in India will also incorporate HBPM.

We appreciate the constructive feedback on our protocol. We believe the mentioned insights align well with our goal of providing a comprehensive and accurate assessment of hypertension prevalence and BP control in India. We are committed to incorporating these insights in analyzing the results of the study and in future publications to ensure proper interpretations of the study findings and implications.

Noriko Matsushita and Ebtehal Salman is an employee of Omron Healthcare Co., Ltd. Takayoshi Ohkubo and Yutaka Imai has received grants from Omron Healthcare Co., Ltd.

This study was supported and research funded by Omron Healthcare Co., Ltd.