Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ad6838
Rui Ma, Xiaodan Zhang, Duncan Sutherland, V. Bochenkov, Shikai Deng
Sub-wavelength nanostructure lattices provide versatile platforms for light control and the basis for various novel phenomena and applications in physics, material science, chemistry, biology, and energy. The thriving study of nanostructure lattices is building on the remarkable progress of nanofabrication techniques, especially for the possibility of fabricating larger-area patterns while achieving higher-quality lattices, complex shapes, and hybrid materials units. In this review, we present a comprehensive review of techniques for large-area fabrication of optical nanostructure arrays, encompassing direct writing, self-assembly, controllable growth, and nanoimprint/print methods. Furthermore, a particular focus is made on the recent improvement of unit accuracy and diversity, leading to integrated and multifunctional structures for devices and applications.
{"title":"Nanofabrication of Nanostructure Lattices: from High-Quality Large Patterns to Precise Hybrid Units","authors":"Rui Ma, Xiaodan Zhang, Duncan Sutherland, V. Bochenkov, Shikai Deng","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ad6838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad6838","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sub-wavelength nanostructure lattices provide versatile platforms for light control and the basis for various novel phenomena and applications in physics, material science, chemistry, biology, and energy. The thriving study of nanostructure lattices is building on the remarkable progress of nanofabrication techniques, especially for the possibility of fabricating larger-area patterns while achieving higher-quality lattices, complex shapes, and hybrid materials units. In this review, we present a comprehensive review of techniques for large-area fabrication of optical nanostructure arrays, encompassing direct writing, self-assembly, controllable growth, and nanoimprint/print methods. Furthermore, a particular focus is made on the recent improvement of unit accuracy and diversity, leading to integrated and multifunctional structures for devices and applications.","PeriodicalId":502508,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":"4 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141797476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ad671f
Y. Duan, Wenshuo Xie, Zhouping Yin, Y. Huang
Multi-material 3D fabrication at the nanoscale has been a long-sought goal in additive manufacturing, with great potential for the direct construction of functional micro/nanosystems rather than just arbitrary 3D structures. To achieve this goal, researchers have introduced several nanoscale 3D printing principles, explored various multi-material switching and combination strategies, and demonstrated their potential applications in 3D integrated circuits, optoelectronics, biological devices, micro/nanorobots, etc. Although some progress has been made, it is still at the primary stage and a serious breakthrough is needed to directly construct functional micro/nano systems. In this perspective, the development, current status and prospects of multi-material 3D nanoprinting are presented. We envision that this 3D printing will unlock innovative solutions and make significant contributions to various technologies and industries in the near future.
{"title":"Multi-material 3D Nanoprinting for Structures to Functional Micro/nanosystems","authors":"Y. Duan, Wenshuo Xie, Zhouping Yin, Y. Huang","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ad671f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad671f","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Multi-material 3D fabrication at the nanoscale has been a long-sought goal in additive manufacturing, with great potential for the direct construction of functional micro/nanosystems rather than just arbitrary 3D structures. To achieve this goal, researchers have introduced several nanoscale 3D printing principles, explored various multi-material switching and combination strategies, and demonstrated their potential applications in 3D integrated circuits, optoelectronics, biological devices, micro/nanorobots, etc. Although some progress has been made, it is still at the primary stage and a serious breakthrough is needed to directly construct functional micro/nano systems. In this perspective, the development, current status and prospects of multi-material 3D nanoprinting are presented. We envision that this 3D printing will unlock innovative solutions and make significant contributions to various technologies and industries in the near future.","PeriodicalId":502508,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":"53 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ad65cd
Osazee Ero, Katayoon Taherkhani, Yasmine Hemmati, E. Toyserkani
Traditional methods such as mechanical testing and X-ray computed tomography (CT), for quality assessment in laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF), a class of additive manufacturing (AM), are resource-intensive and conducted post-production. Recent advancements in in-situ monitoring, particularly using optical tomography (OT) to detect near-infrared light emissions during the process, offer an opportunity for in-situ defect detection. However, interpreting OT datasets remains challenging due to inherent process characteristics and disturbances that may obscure defect identification. This paper introduces a novel machine learning-based approach that integrates a self-organizing map (SOM), a fuzzy logic scheme, and a tailored U-Net architecture to enhance defect prediction capabilities during the LPBF process. This model not only predicts common flaws such as lack of fusion and keyhole defects through analysis of in-situ OT data but also allows quality assurance professionals to apply their expert knowledge through customizable fuzzy rules. This capability facilitates a more nuanced and interpretable model, enhancing the likelihood of accurate defect detection. The efficacy of this system has been validated through experimental analyses across various process parameters, with results validated by subsequent CT scans, exhibiting strong performance with average model scores ranging from 0.375 to 0.819 for lack of fusion defects and from 0.391 to 0.616 for intentional keyhole defects. These findings underscore the model's reliability and adaptability in predicting defects, highlighting its potential as a transformative tool for in-process quality assurance in AM. A notable benefit of this method is its adaptability, allowing the end-user to adjust the probability threshold for defect detection based on desired quality requirements and custom fuzzy rules.
传统方法，如机械测试和 X 射线计算机断层扫描（CT），用于评估激光粉末床熔融（LPBF）（增材制造（AM）的一种）的质量，是资源密集型的，并在生产后进行。最近在原位监测方面取得的进展，特别是使用光学断层扫描（OT）检测加工过程中的近红外光发射，为原位缺陷检测提供了机会。然而，由于固有的工艺特征和干扰可能会掩盖缺陷识别，因此解释 OT 数据集仍然具有挑战性。本文介绍了一种基于机器学习的新方法，该方法集成了自组织图（SOM）、模糊逻辑方案和定制的 U-Net 架构，以增强 LPBF 过程中的缺陷预测能力。该模型不仅能通过分析现场 OT 数据预测常见缺陷，如缺乏融合和锁孔缺陷，还能让质量保证专业人员通过可定制的模糊规则应用其专业知识。这一功能有助于建立一个更细致入微、更易于解释的模型，从而提高准确检测缺陷的可能性。该系统的功效已通过各种工艺参数的实验分析进行了验证，其结果也通过后续的 CT 扫描进行了验证，显示出强大的性能，模型平均得分从 0.375 到 0.819 不等，用于检测缺乏融合缺陷，从 0.391 到 0.616 不等，用于检测有意锁孔缺陷。这些发现强调了该模型在预测缺陷方面的可靠性和适应性，凸显了其作为 AM 制程中质量保证的变革性工具的潜力。该方法的一个显著优点是适应性强，允许最终用户根据所需的质量要求和自定义模糊规则调整缺陷检测的概率阈值。
{"title":"An Integrated Fuzzy Logic and Machine Learning Platform for Porosity Detection using Optical Tomography Imaging during Laser Powder Bed Fusion","authors":"Osazee Ero, Katayoon Taherkhani, Yasmine Hemmati, E. Toyserkani","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ad65cd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad65cd","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Traditional methods such as mechanical testing and X-ray computed tomography (CT), for quality assessment in laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF), a class of additive manufacturing (AM), are resource-intensive and conducted post-production. Recent advancements in in-situ monitoring, particularly using optical tomography (OT) to detect near-infrared light emissions during the process, offer an opportunity for in-situ defect detection. However, interpreting OT datasets remains challenging due to inherent process characteristics and disturbances that may obscure defect identification. This paper introduces a novel machine learning-based approach that integrates a self-organizing map (SOM), a fuzzy logic scheme, and a tailored U-Net architecture to enhance defect prediction capabilities during the LPBF process. This model not only predicts common flaws such as lack of fusion and keyhole defects through analysis of in-situ OT data but also allows quality assurance professionals to apply their expert knowledge through customizable fuzzy rules. This capability facilitates a more nuanced and interpretable model, enhancing the likelihood of accurate defect detection. The efficacy of this system has been validated through experimental analyses across various process parameters, with results validated by subsequent CT scans, exhibiting strong performance with average model scores ranging from 0.375 to 0.819 for lack of fusion defects and from 0.391 to 0.616 for intentional keyhole defects. These findings underscore the model's reliability and adaptability in predicting defects, highlighting its potential as a transformative tool for in-process quality assurance in AM. A notable benefit of this method is its adaptability, allowing the end-user to adjust the probability threshold for defect detection based on desired quality requirements and custom fuzzy rules.","PeriodicalId":502508,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":"74 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) stand at the forefront of energy harvesting innovation, transforming mechanical energy into electrical power through triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. This groundbreaking technology addresses the urgent need for sustainable and renewable energy solutions, opening new avenues for self-powered systems. Despite their potential, TENGs face challenges such as material optimization for enhanced triboelectric effects, scalability, and improving conversion efficiency under varied conditions. Durability and environmental stability also pose significant hurdles, necessitating further research towards more resilient systems. Nature inspired TENG designs offer promising solutions by emulating biological processes and structures, such as the energy mechanisms of plants and the textured surfaces of animal skins. This biomimetic approach has led to notable improvements in material properties, structural designs, and overall TENG performance, including enhanced energy conversion efficiency and environmental robustness. The exploration into bio-inspired TENGs has unlocked new possibilities in energy harvesting, self-powered sensing, and wearable electronics, emphasizing reduced energy consumption and increased efficiency through innovative design. This review encapsulates the challenges and advancements in nature inspired TENGs, highlighting the integration of biomimetic principles to overcome current limitations. By focusing on augmented electrical properties, biodegradability, and self-healing capabilities, nature inspired TENGs pave the way for more sustainable and versatile energy solutions.
三电纳米发电机（TENGs）站在能量采集创新的前沿，通过三电化和静电感应将机械能转化为电能。这项突破性技术满足了对可持续和可再生能源解决方案的迫切需求，为自供电系统开辟了新途径。尽管 TENGs 潜力巨大，但它也面临着各种挑战，如优化材料以增强三电效应、可扩展性以及在不同条件下提高转换效率。耐久性和环境稳定性也构成了重大障碍，需要进一步研究更具弹性的系统。受大自然启发的 TENG 设计通过模仿生物过程和结构（如植物的能量机制和动物皮肤的纹理表面），提供了前景广阔的解决方案。这种仿生方法显著改善了材料性能、结构设计和 TENG 的整体性能，包括提高了能量转换效率和环境稳健性。对生物启发腾博会登录的探索为能量收集、自供电传感和可穿戴电子产品带来了新的可能性，强调通过创新设计降低能耗和提高效率。本综述概括了受自然启发的 TENGs 所面临的挑战和取得的进步，重点介绍了如何结合仿生原理来克服当前的局限性。通过重点关注增强电性能、生物可降解性和自愈能力，受大自然启发的 TENG 为更可持续和多功能的能源解决方案铺平了道路。
{"title":"Recent advances in nature inspired triboelectric nanogenerators for self-powered systems","authors":"Baosen Zhang, Yunchong Jiang, Tianci Ren, Baojin Chen, Renyun Zhang, Yanchao Mao","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ad65cc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad65cc","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) stand at the forefront of energy harvesting innovation, transforming mechanical energy into electrical power through triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. This groundbreaking technology addresses the urgent need for sustainable and renewable energy solutions, opening new avenues for self-powered systems. Despite their potential, TENGs face challenges such as material optimization for enhanced triboelectric effects, scalability, and improving conversion efficiency under varied conditions. Durability and environmental stability also pose significant hurdles, necessitating further research towards more resilient systems. Nature inspired TENG designs offer promising solutions by emulating biological processes and structures, such as the energy mechanisms of plants and the textured surfaces of animal skins. This biomimetic approach has led to notable improvements in material properties, structural designs, and overall TENG performance, including enhanced energy conversion efficiency and environmental robustness. The exploration into bio-inspired TENGs has unlocked new possibilities in energy harvesting, self-powered sensing, and wearable electronics, emphasizing reduced energy consumption and increased efficiency through innovative design. This review encapsulates the challenges and advancements in nature inspired TENGs, highlighting the integration of biomimetic principles to overcome current limitations. By focusing on augmented electrical properties, biodegradability, and self-healing capabilities, nature inspired TENGs pave the way for more sustainable and versatile energy solutions.","PeriodicalId":502508,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ad65a0
Xing Yi, Jiaqi Wang, Jinxing Li
Soft (flexible and stretchable) biosensors have great potential in real-time and continuous health monitoring of various physiological factors, mainly due to their better conformability to soft human tissues and organs, which maximizes data fidelity and minimizes biological interference. Most of the early soft sensors focused on sensing physical signals. Recently, it is becoming a trend that novel soft sensors are developed to sense and monitor biochemical signals in situ in real biological environments, thus providing much more meaningful data for studying fundamental biology and diagnosing diverse health conditions. This is essential to decentralize the healthcare resources towards predictive medicine and better disease management. To meet the requirements of mechanical softness and complex biosensing, unconventional materials, and manufacturing process are demanded in developing biosensors. In this review, we summarize the fundamental approaches and the latest and representative design and fabrication to engineer soft electronics (flexible and stretchable) for wearable and implantable biochemical sensing. We will review the rational design and ingenious integration of stretchable materials, structures, and signal transducers in different application scenarios to fabricate high-performance soft biosensors. Focus is also given to how these novel biosensors can be integrated into diverse important physiological environments and scenarios in situ, such as sweat analysis, wound monitoring, and neurochemical sensing. We also rethink and discuss the current limitations, challenges, and prospects of soft biosensors. This review holds significant importance for researchers and engineers, as it assists in comprehending the overarching trends and pivotal issues within the realm of designing and manufacturing soft electronics for biochemical sensing.
{"title":"Design and Manufacturing of Soft Electronics for in situ Biochemical Sensing","authors":"Xing Yi, Jiaqi Wang, Jinxing Li","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ad65a0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad65a0","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Soft (flexible and stretchable) biosensors have great potential in real-time and continuous health monitoring of various physiological factors, mainly due to their better conformability to soft human tissues and organs, which maximizes data fidelity and minimizes biological interference. Most of the early soft sensors focused on sensing physical signals. Recently, it is becoming a trend that novel soft sensors are developed to sense and monitor biochemical signals in situ in real biological environments, thus providing much more meaningful data for studying fundamental biology and diagnosing diverse health conditions. This is essential to decentralize the healthcare resources towards predictive medicine and better disease management. To meet the requirements of mechanical softness and complex biosensing, unconventional materials, and manufacturing process are demanded in developing biosensors. In this review, we summarize the fundamental approaches and the latest and representative design and fabrication to engineer soft electronics (flexible and stretchable) for wearable and implantable biochemical sensing. We will review the rational design and ingenious integration of stretchable materials, structures, and signal transducers in different application scenarios to fabricate high-performance soft biosensors. Focus is also given to how these novel biosensors can be integrated into diverse important physiological environments and scenarios in situ, such as sweat analysis, wound monitoring, and neurochemical sensing. We also rethink and discuss the current limitations, challenges, and prospects of soft biosensors. This review holds significant importance for researchers and engineers, as it assists in comprehending the overarching trends and pivotal issues within the realm of designing and manufacturing soft electronics for biochemical sensing.","PeriodicalId":502508,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":"114 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ad65ca
Zhuoxi Wu, Zhaodong Huang, Rong Zhang, Yue Hou, Chunyi Zhi
Due to the advantages of high safety, low cost, and high volumetric specific capacity, zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are considered a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage devices, especially showing great potential in large-scale energy storage. Despite these advantages, ZIBs still suffer many problems, such as zinc dendrites, hydrogen evolution, zinc anode corrosion, etc., which significantly reduce the Coulombic efficiency and reversibility of zinc, and limit the long cycle lifespan, bringing much uncertainty for practical application. In recent years, electrolyte additives, as an effective technique, have been proposed by researchers to solve the above issues. This review mainly focuses on electrolyte additives and discusses different substances as electrolyte additives to alleviate the above problems by altering the original Zn2+ solvation structure, constructing a protective layer at the anode/electrolyte interface, guiding the evenly Zn2+ distribution and uniform Zn deposition, etc. Finally, on this basis, the possible research strategies, development directions of electrolyte additives in the future, and the existing problems to be solved are also discussed, and some prospects and suggestions are proposed.
{"title":"Aqueous electrolyte additives for zinc-ion batteries","authors":"Zhuoxi Wu, Zhaodong Huang, Rong Zhang, Yue Hou, Chunyi Zhi","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ad65ca","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad65ca","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Due to the advantages of high safety, low cost, and high volumetric specific capacity, zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are considered a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage devices, especially showing great potential in large-scale energy storage. Despite these advantages, ZIBs still suffer many problems, such as zinc dendrites, hydrogen evolution, zinc anode corrosion, etc., which significantly reduce the Coulombic efficiency and reversibility of zinc, and limit the long cycle lifespan, bringing much uncertainty for practical application. In recent years, electrolyte additives, as an effective technique, have been proposed by researchers to solve the above issues. This review mainly focuses on electrolyte additives and discusses different substances as electrolyte additives to alleviate the above problems by altering the original Zn2+ solvation structure, constructing a protective layer at the anode/electrolyte interface, guiding the evenly Zn2+ distribution and uniform Zn deposition, etc. Finally, on this basis, the possible research strategies, development directions of electrolyte additives in the future, and the existing problems to be solved are also discussed, and some prospects and suggestions are proposed.","PeriodicalId":502508,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herein, a tri-layered core-shell microfibrous scaffold with layer-specific growth factors (GFs) release is developed using coaxial electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing for in situ cell recruitment and differentiation to facilitate gradient enthesis tissue repair. SDF-1 is loaded in the shell, while bFGF, TGF-β, and BMP-2 are loaded in the core of the EHD-printed microfibrous scaffolds in a layer-specific manner. Correspondingly, the tri-layered microfibrous scaffolds have a core-shell fiber size of 25.7 ± 5.1 μm, with a pore size sequentially increasing from 81.5 ± 4.6 μm to 173.3 ± 6.9 μm, and to 388.9 ± 6.9 μm for the tenogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic instructive layers. A rapid release of embedded GFs is observed within the first 2 days, followed by a faster release of SDF-1 and a slightly slower release of differentiation GFs for approximately four weeks. The coaxial EHD-printed microfibrous scaffolds significantly promote stem cell recruitment and direct their differentiation toward tenocyte, chondrocyte, and osteocyte phenotype in vitro. When implanted in vivo, the tri-layered core-shell microfibrous scaffolds rapidly restored the biomechanical functions and promoted enthesis tissue regeneration with native-like bone-to-tendon gradients. Our findings suggest that the microfibrous scaffolds with layer-specific GFs release may offer a promising clinical solution for enthesis regeneration.
{"title":"Coaxial electrohydrodynamic printing of core-shell microfibrous scaffolds with layer-specific growth factors release for enthesis regeneration","authors":"L. Bai, Meiguang Xu, Zijie Meng, Zhennan Qiu, Jintao Xiu, Baojun Chen, Qian Han, Qiaonan Liu, Pei He, Nuanyang Wen, Jiankang He, Jing Zhang, Zhanhai Yin","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ad5806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad5806","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Herein, a tri-layered core-shell microfibrous scaffold with layer-specific growth factors (GFs) release is developed using coaxial electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing for in situ cell recruitment and differentiation to facilitate gradient enthesis tissue repair. SDF-1 is loaded in the shell, while bFGF, TGF-β, and BMP-2 are loaded in the core of the EHD-printed microfibrous scaffolds in a layer-specific manner. Correspondingly, the tri-layered microfibrous scaffolds have a core-shell fiber size of 25.7 ± 5.1 μm, with a pore size sequentially increasing from 81.5 ± 4.6 μm to 173.3 ± 6.9 μm, and to 388.9 ± 6.9 μm for the tenogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic instructive layers. A rapid release of embedded GFs is observed within the first 2 days, followed by a faster release of SDF-1 and a slightly slower release of differentiation GFs for approximately four weeks. The coaxial EHD-printed microfibrous scaffolds significantly promote stem cell recruitment and direct their differentiation toward tenocyte, chondrocyte, and osteocyte phenotype in vitro. When implanted in vivo, the tri-layered core-shell microfibrous scaffolds rapidly restored the biomechanical functions and promoted enthesis tissue regeneration with native-like bone-to-tendon gradients. Our findings suggest that the microfibrous scaffolds with layer-specific GFs release may offer a promising clinical solution for enthesis regeneration.","PeriodicalId":502508,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141348230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ad57a0
Shengjie Yin, Hongyu Li, Weiqi Qian, Md Al Mahadi Hasan, Ya Yang
At present, the research on ferroelectric photovoltaic materials mainly focuses on photoelectric detection. In the context of the rapid development of the Internet of Things, it is particularly important to use smaller thin-film devices as sensors. In this work, an indium tin oxide/ bismuth ferrite/ lanthanum nickelate device has been fabricated on an F-doped tin oxide glass substrate using the sol-gel method. The sensor can continuously output photoelectric signals with little environmental impact. Compared to other types of sensors, this photoelectric sensor has an ultra-low response time of 1.25 ms and ultra-high sensitivity. In this work, a material recognition system based on a bismuth ferrite sensor is developed. It can effectively identify eight kinds of materials that are difficult for human eyes to distinguish. This provides new ideas and methods for developing the Internet of Things in material identification.
目前，铁电光电材料的研究主要集中在光电检测方面。在物联网快速发展的背景下，使用更小的薄膜器件作为传感器显得尤为重要。在这项工作中，利用溶胶-凝胶法在掺杂 F 的氧化锡玻璃衬底上制造了氧化铟锡/铁氧体铋/镍酸镧器件。该传感器可连续输出光电信号，对环境影响很小。与其他类型的传感器相比，这种光电传感器具有 1.25 毫秒的超低响应时间和超高灵敏度。本研究开发了一种基于铋铁氧体传感器的材料识别系统。它能有效识别人眼难以分辨的八种材料。这为在材料识别领域发展物联网提供了新的思路和方法。
{"title":"Non-contact intelligent sensor for recognizing transparent and naked-eye indistinguishable materials based on ferroelectric BiFeO3 thin films","authors":"Shengjie Yin, Hongyu Li, Weiqi Qian, Md Al Mahadi Hasan, Ya Yang","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ad57a0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad57a0","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 At present, the research on ferroelectric photovoltaic materials mainly focuses on photoelectric detection. In the context of the rapid development of the Internet of Things, it is particularly important to use smaller thin-film devices as sensors. In this work, an indium tin oxide/ bismuth ferrite/ lanthanum nickelate device has been fabricated on an F-doped tin oxide glass substrate using the sol-gel method. The sensor can continuously output photoelectric signals with little environmental impact. Compared to other types of sensors, this photoelectric sensor has an ultra-low response time of 1.25 ms and ultra-high sensitivity. In this work, a material recognition system based on a bismuth ferrite sensor is developed. It can effectively identify eight kinds of materials that are difficult for human eyes to distinguish. This provides new ideas and methods for developing the Internet of Things in material identification.","PeriodicalId":502508,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":"138 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141350925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The continuous evolution of chip manufacturing demands the development of materials with ultra-low dielectric constants. With advantageous dielectric and mechanical properties, initiated chemical vapor deposited (iCVD) poly(1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-trivinyl cyclotrisiloxane) (pV3D3) emerges as a promising candidate. However, previous works have not explored etching for this cyclosiloxane polymer thin film, which is indispensable for potential applications to the back-end-of-line fabrication. Here, we developed an etching process utilizing O2/Ar remote plasma for cyclic removal of iCVD pV3D3 thin film at sub-nanometer scale. We employed in-situ quartz crystal microbalance to investigate the process parameters including the plasma power, plasma duration, and O2 flow rate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cross-sectional microscopy reveal the formation of an oxidized skin layer during the etching process. This skin layer further substantiates an etching mechanism driven by surface oxidation and sputtering. Additionally, this oxidized skin layer leads to improved elastic modulus and hardness, and acts as a barrier layer for protecting the bottom cyclosiloxane polymer from further oxidation.
{"title":"Remote Plasma Enhanced Cyclic Etching of a Cyclosiloxane Polymer Thin Film","authors":"Xianglin Wang, Xinyu Luo, Weiwei Du, Yuanhao Shen, Xiaocheng Huang, Zheng Yang, Junjie Zhao","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ad57a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad57a1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The continuous evolution of chip manufacturing demands the development of materials with ultra-low dielectric constants. With advantageous dielectric and mechanical properties, initiated chemical vapor deposited (iCVD) poly(1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-trivinyl cyclotrisiloxane) (pV3D3) emerges as a promising candidate. However, previous works have not explored etching for this cyclosiloxane polymer thin film, which is indispensable for potential applications to the back-end-of-line fabrication. Here, we developed an etching process utilizing O2/Ar remote plasma for cyclic removal of iCVD pV3D3 thin film at sub-nanometer scale. We employed in-situ quartz crystal microbalance to investigate the process parameters including the plasma power, plasma duration, and O2 flow rate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cross-sectional microscopy reveal the formation of an oxidized skin layer during the etching process. This skin layer further substantiates an etching mechanism driven by surface oxidation and sputtering. Additionally, this oxidized skin layer leads to improved elastic modulus and hardness, and acts as a barrier layer for protecting the bottom cyclosiloxane polymer from further oxidation.","PeriodicalId":502508,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141354313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ad54a4
Liang-Yu Chen, P. Qin, Lina Zhang, Lai-Chang Zhang
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are frequently employed in various advanced industries due to their high modulus and strength, favorable wear and corrosion resistance, and other good properties at elevated temperatures. In recent decades, additive manufacturing (AM) technology has garnered attention as a potential way for fabricating MMCs. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent endeavors and progress in additive manufacturing of MMCs, encompassing available AM technologies, types of reinforcements, feedstock preparation, synthesis principles during the AM process, typical AM-produced MMCs, strengthening mechanisms, challenges and future interests. Compared to conventionally manufactured MMCs, AM-produced MMCs exhibit more uniformly distributed reinforcements and refined microstructure, resulting in comparable or even better mechanical properties. In addition, AM technology can produce bulk MMCs with significantly low porosity and fabricate geometrically complex MMC components and MMC lattice structures. As reviewed, many AM-produced MMCs, such as Al matrix composites, Ti matrix composites, Nickel matrix composites, Fe matrix composites, etc., have been successfully produced. The types and contents of reinforcements strongly influence the properties of AM-produced MMCs, the choice of AM technology, and the applied processing parameters. In these MMCs, four primary strengthening mechanisms have been identified: Hall-Petch strengthening, dislocation strengthening, load transfer strengthening, and Orowan strengthening. AM technologies offer advantages that enhance the properties of MMCs when compared with traditional fabrication methods. Despite the advantages above, further challenges of AM-produced MMCs are still faced, such as new methods and new technologies for investigating AM-produced MMCs, the intrinsic nature of MMCs coupled with AM technologies, and challenges in the AM processes. Therefore, the article concludes by discussing the challenges and future interests of additive manufacturing of MMCs.
金属基复合材料（MMC）具有高模量、高强度、良好的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性，以及在高温下的其他良好性能，因此经常被用于各种先进的工业领域。近几十年来，增材制造（AM）技术作为一种制造 MMC 的潜在方法备受关注。本文全面综述了最近在增材制造 MMC 方面的努力和进展，包括现有的增材制造技术、增强材料类型、原料制备、增材制造过程中的合成原理、典型的增材制造 MMC、增强机制、挑战和未来发展方向。与传统制造的 MMC 相比，AM 生产的 MMC 具有分布更均匀的增强材料和更精细的微观结构，因而具有相当甚至更好的机械性能。此外，AM 技术还能生产出孔隙率极低的块状 MMC，并能制造出几何形状复杂的 MMC 部件和 MMC 晶格结构。综上所述，许多 AM 生产的 MMC（如铝基复合材料、钛基复合材料、镍基复合材料、铁基复合材料等）都已成功生产。增强材料的类型和含量对 AM 生产的 MMC 的性能、AM 技术的选择和应用的加工参数有很大影响。在这些 MMC 中，已确定了四种主要的强化机制：霍尔-佩奇强化、位错强化、载荷传递强化和奥罗万强化。与传统制造方法相比，AM 技术具有增强 MMC 特性的优势。尽管有上述优势，AM 生产的 MMC 仍面临更多挑战，如研究 AM 生产的 MMC 的新方法和新技术、MMC 与 AM 技术结合的内在性质以及 AM 过程中的挑战。因此，文章最后讨论了增材制造 MMCs 所面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。
{"title":"An overview of additively manufactured metal matrix composites: preparation, performance, and challenge","authors":"Liang-Yu Chen, P. Qin, Lina Zhang, Lai-Chang Zhang","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ad54a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad54a4","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are frequently employed in various advanced industries due to their high modulus and strength, favorable wear and corrosion resistance, and other good properties at elevated temperatures. In recent decades, additive manufacturing (AM) technology has garnered attention as a potential way for fabricating MMCs. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent endeavors and progress in additive manufacturing of MMCs, encompassing available AM technologies, types of reinforcements, feedstock preparation, synthesis principles during the AM process, typical AM-produced MMCs, strengthening mechanisms, challenges and future interests. Compared to conventionally manufactured MMCs, AM-produced MMCs exhibit more uniformly distributed reinforcements and refined microstructure, resulting in comparable or even better mechanical properties. In addition, AM technology can produce bulk MMCs with significantly low porosity and fabricate geometrically complex MMC components and MMC lattice structures. As reviewed, many AM-produced MMCs, such as Al matrix composites, Ti matrix composites, Nickel matrix composites, Fe matrix composites, etc., have been successfully produced. The types and contents of reinforcements strongly influence the properties of AM-produced MMCs, the choice of AM technology, and the applied processing parameters. In these MMCs, four primary strengthening mechanisms have been identified: Hall-Petch strengthening, dislocation strengthening, load transfer strengthening, and Orowan strengthening. AM technologies offer advantages that enhance the properties of MMCs when compared with traditional fabrication methods. Despite the advantages above, further challenges of AM-produced MMCs are still faced, such as new methods and new technologies for investigating AM-produced MMCs, the intrinsic nature of MMCs coupled with AM technologies, and challenges in the AM processes. Therefore, the article concludes by discussing the challenges and future interests of additive manufacturing of MMCs.","PeriodicalId":502508,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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