Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/aug23006
Yusta Martin, Dr. Peter Siamoo, Dr. Adam Joseph Chidyau
This study sought to establish the extensiveness of guidance and counseling services in influencing students’ compliance with school rules and regulations through a convergent design under a mixed research approach. The study targeted 39 public secondary schools with 39 heads of schools, 39 school counselors, 843 teachers, and 27477 students, making a total of 28398 in Muleba District. The sample purposively involved 8 heads of schools and 8 school counselors in an interview, while 80 teachers and 96 students were randomly selected to respond to the questionnaires. Quantitative data were descriptively analyzed with the help of the SPSS, while qualitative data were thematically summarized. The study found that there are opposing opinions between teacher counselors and students on the use of guidance and counseling in secondary schools. The extreme majority of the teachers indicated applying guidance and counseling principles in helping students comply with rules. Students revealed that they are not very considerate about providing services in complying with school rules and regulations. The study concluded that guidance and counseling services are used by teachers to enable students to comply with school rules and regulations to a high extent despite the fact that students' indiscipline cases are on the rise. The study concludes further that the guidance and counseling services offered by secondary teachers are not adequately used to subject students to observe school rules and regulations. The study recommends that the government train and employ more qualified counselors who are well-equipped with knowledge on providing guidance and counseling to enhance students' compliance with school rules and regulations.
{"title":"Extensiveness of Guidance and Counseling Services in Influencing Students’ Compliance with School Rules and Regulations in Public Secondary Schools in Muleba District, Tanzania","authors":"Yusta Martin, Dr. Peter Siamoo, Dr. Adam Joseph Chidyau","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/aug23006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/aug23006","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to establish the extensiveness of guidance and counseling services in influencing students’ compliance with school rules and regulations through a convergent design under a mixed research approach. The study targeted 39 public secondary schools with 39 heads of schools, 39 school counselors, 843 teachers, and 27477 students, making a total of 28398 in Muleba District. The sample purposively involved 8 heads of schools and 8 school counselors in an interview, while 80 teachers and 96 students were randomly selected to respond to the questionnaires. Quantitative data were descriptively analyzed with the help of the SPSS, while qualitative data were thematically summarized. The study found that there are opposing opinions between teacher counselors and students on the use of guidance and counseling in secondary schools. The extreme majority of the teachers indicated applying guidance and counseling principles in helping students comply with rules. Students revealed that they are not very considerate about providing services in complying with school rules and regulations. The study concluded that guidance and counseling services are used by teachers to enable students to comply with school rules and regulations to a high extent despite the fact that students' indiscipline cases are on the rise. The study concludes further that the guidance and counseling services offered by secondary teachers are not adequately used to subject students to observe school rules and regulations. The study recommends that the government train and employ more qualified counselors who are well-equipped with knowledge on providing guidance and counseling to enhance students' compliance with school rules and regulations.","PeriodicalId":503137,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research and Development","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139321960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/aug23011
Clement Anguh Nkwemoh, Luciano Majeda
The Gulf of Guinea is a part of the Atlantic Ocean that sinks in a corner towards the center of the African continent. It is an area that is home to many species of fish, including sardines (sardinella aurita) and tuna (katswonus pelanis). These two species of fish are particularly important economic and food sources for the zone/area in general and for the local population in particular. However, it must be said that over time, the sharp increase in the temperature of the Gulf of Guinea represents a huge risk for the fish stocks available in some parts of the Gulf. Faced with this problem, it is essential to conduct a study on temperature in the Gulf of Guinea to draw up the precise mapping of the areas potentially favourable for fishing these two species. In order to achieve our objectives, we have given priority to using remote sensing techniques as a means of studying and analysing the data. Firstly, it was the task of exploiting the sea surface temperature algorithm to determine the temperature of maritime waters, and then, thanks to the review of the literature, the different intervals of salinities, nitrate and bathymetry necessary for the life of these two species of fish were determined. Following this, it was discussed to proceed thanks to the MeToP-NOAA satellite image by a reclassification of the pixels taking into account the above-mentioned intervals, which, after calculation, made it possible to determine the different areas favorable to the tuna and sardine fishery. As for the results, we obtained six (06), of which four (04) correspond to the sea surface temperature of the Gulf of Guinea over the last thirty (30) years (1990 to 2020), which shows gradually the increase in sea surface temperature and two maps that show the areas favorable to tuna and sardine fishing. This study made it possible to highlight the consequences of the increase in sea temperature of the Gulf of Guinea (with an average of 2.7°C to 3.6°C) in the areas favorable to the fishing of sardines and tuna. With regard to fishing zones, all countries have areas that are very favourable to sardine fishing. However, only Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe, and the area of the island of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea) have areas favourable to tuna fishing. If nothing is done to regulate the climate, by 2030, we will have a temperature increase of up to 26°C for the hottest areas and 23.3 °C for the mildest areas. This would have a great impact on both species of fish but more on tuna because of its lower metabolism and high demand in the markets. Sardines, on the other hand, can, thanks to their faster metabolism, better adapt to changes in sea temperature and constitute an important source of economic and food income for the countries of the Gulf of Guinea.
{"title":"Utilizing Remote Sensing and GIS to Determine the Role of Temperature in Sardine and Tuna Distribution in the Gulf of Guinea","authors":"Clement Anguh Nkwemoh, Luciano Majeda","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/aug23011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/aug23011","url":null,"abstract":"The Gulf of Guinea is a part of the Atlantic Ocean that sinks in a corner towards the center of the African continent. It is an area that is home to many species of fish, including sardines (sardinella aurita) and tuna (katswonus pelanis). These two species of fish are particularly important economic and food sources for the zone/area in general and for the local population in particular. However, it must be said that over time, the sharp increase in the temperature of the Gulf of Guinea represents a huge risk for the fish stocks available in some parts of the Gulf. Faced with this problem, it is essential to conduct a study on temperature in the Gulf of Guinea to draw up the precise mapping of the areas potentially favourable for fishing these two species. In order to achieve our objectives, we have given priority to using remote sensing techniques as a means of studying and analysing the data. Firstly, it was the task of exploiting the sea surface temperature algorithm to determine the temperature of maritime waters, and then, thanks to the review of the literature, the different intervals of salinities, nitrate and bathymetry necessary for the life of these two species of fish were determined. Following this, it was discussed to proceed thanks to the MeToP-NOAA satellite image by a reclassification of the pixels taking into account the above-mentioned intervals, which, after calculation, made it possible to determine the different areas favorable to the tuna and sardine fishery. As for the results, we obtained six (06), of which four (04) correspond to the sea surface temperature of the Gulf of Guinea over the last thirty (30) years (1990 to 2020), which shows gradually the increase in sea surface temperature and two maps that show the areas favorable to tuna and sardine fishing. This study made it possible to highlight the consequences of the increase in sea temperature of the Gulf of Guinea (with an average of 2.7°C to 3.6°C) in the areas favorable to the fishing of sardines and tuna. With regard to fishing zones, all countries have areas that are very favourable to sardine fishing. However, only Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe, and the area of the island of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea) have areas favourable to tuna fishing. If nothing is done to regulate the climate, by 2030, we will have a temperature increase of up to 26°C for the hottest areas and 23.3 °C for the mildest areas. This would have a great impact on both species of fish but more on tuna because of its lower metabolism and high demand in the markets. Sardines, on the other hand, can, thanks to their faster metabolism, better adapt to changes in sea temperature and constitute an important source of economic and food income for the countries of the Gulf of Guinea.","PeriodicalId":503137,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research and Development","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139322044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/aug23004
Yustina W. Yilima, Dr. Catherine Muteti, Evans Ogoti Okendo
The study examined how heads of schools ensured the availability of teaching and learning materials for implementing competency-based approach to inward secondary schools in Mbeya District Council, Tanzania. The study was guided by Instructional leadership theory developed by Ronald Edmonds in 1979. The study used a convergent design under a mixed methods approach. Participants were selected using probability and non-probability sampling approaches. A total of 252 samples of participants were included in the study. Questionnaires, interview guides, and observation schedules were used for data collection. The Cronbach Alpha method was used to determine the reliability of quantitative data, and peer review and triangulation were used to determine the reliability of qualitative data. Qualitative data were analysed by examining direct quotations and presenting the findings in narrative form. The study revealed that heads of schools ensure the availability of teaching and learning materials. Also, the study revealed that there are inadequate teaching and learning materials. The study concluded that heads of schools ensure the availability of teaching and learning material. The study recommended that heads of schools should ensure the supply of teaching and learning materials in schools.
{"title":"Heads of Schools’ Assurance of the Availability of Teaching and Learning Materials for the Implementation of Competency-Based Approach in Ward Secondary Schools in Mbeya District Council, Tanzania","authors":"Yustina W. Yilima, Dr. Catherine Muteti, Evans Ogoti Okendo","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/aug23004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/aug23004","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined how heads of schools ensured the availability of teaching and learning materials for implementing competency-based approach to inward secondary schools in Mbeya District Council, Tanzania. The study was guided by Instructional leadership theory developed by Ronald Edmonds in 1979. The study used a convergent design under a mixed methods approach. Participants were selected using probability and non-probability sampling approaches. A total of 252 samples of participants were included in the study. Questionnaires, interview guides, and observation schedules were used for data collection. The Cronbach Alpha method was used to determine the reliability of quantitative data, and peer review and triangulation were used to determine the reliability of qualitative data. Qualitative data were analysed by examining direct quotations and presenting the findings in narrative form. The study revealed that heads of schools ensure the availability of teaching and learning materials. Also, the study revealed that there are inadequate teaching and learning materials. The study concluded that heads of schools ensure the availability of teaching and learning material. The study recommended that heads of schools should ensure the supply of teaching and learning materials in schools.","PeriodicalId":503137,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research and Development","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139321942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/ojsaug23005
Adam Kasanga, Dr. Victorini Salema, Evans Okendo Ogoti
This study evaluated the extensiveness of the McGovern-Dole teachers training programme (MGDTTP) in improving the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of teachers in the Bunda District, Tanzania. The summative evaluation study employed a convergent design under a mixed-methods research approach guided by the CIRO evaluation model. The target population consisted of 1207 participants, including: 75 public primary schools, 150 early grade teachers, 75 INSET coordinators, 75 Headteachers, 19 Ward Education Officers, 1 District Primary Education Officer, and 812 Standard three students. Both probability and non-probability sampling techniques were used to select 121 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires, achievement tests, interviews guide and observations guide. Content and face validity was ensured by MWECAU research experts. A pilot study was conducted in two public primary schools. The reliability of questionnaires for Likert-type items was estimated using Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient whereby r= 0.839 for early-grade teachers and r=0.889 for INSET Coordinators while that of qualitative established through peer debriefing and triangulation. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics tested the hypothesis using Simple Linear Regression analysis at 0.05 (α). Qualitative data were analysed thematically. The study found that the MGDTTP helped improve teachers' PCK related to literacy, which improved the literacy of school-age children. The study concluded that the MGDTTP has successively achieved the goal of improving literacy PCK among early-grade teachers to a high extent. The study recommended that Literacy learner-centred approaches should be used by teachers in teaching early-grade classes to enhance the engagement of pupils in the learning process.
{"title":"Extensiveness of McGovern-Dole Teachers Training Programme on Improving Literacy Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Teachers in Bunda District, Tanzania","authors":"Adam Kasanga, Dr. Victorini Salema, Evans Okendo Ogoti","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/ojsaug23005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/ojsaug23005","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the extensiveness of the McGovern-Dole teachers training programme (MGDTTP) in improving the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of teachers in the Bunda District, Tanzania. The summative evaluation study employed a convergent design under a mixed-methods research approach guided by the CIRO evaluation model. The target population consisted of 1207 participants, including: 75 public primary schools, 150 early grade teachers, 75 INSET coordinators, 75 Headteachers, 19 Ward Education Officers, 1 District Primary Education Officer, and 812 Standard three students. Both probability and non-probability sampling techniques were used to select 121 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires, achievement tests, interviews guide and observations guide. Content and face validity was ensured by MWECAU research experts. A pilot study was conducted in two public primary schools. The reliability of questionnaires for Likert-type items was estimated using Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient whereby r= 0.839 for early-grade teachers and r=0.889 for INSET Coordinators while that of qualitative established through peer debriefing and triangulation. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics tested the hypothesis using Simple Linear Regression analysis at 0.05 (α). Qualitative data were analysed thematically. The study found that the MGDTTP helped improve teachers' PCK related to literacy, which improved the literacy of school-age children. The study concluded that the MGDTTP has successively achieved the goal of improving literacy PCK among early-grade teachers to a high extent. The study recommended that Literacy learner-centred approaches should be used by teachers in teaching early-grade classes to enhance the engagement of pupils in the learning process.","PeriodicalId":503137,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research and Development","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139322051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8ojsaug23008
Joseph Kiure, Dr. Eugene Lyamtane, Evans Okendo Ogoti
The study investigated the contribution of the parents-teachers platform fundraising strategy in enhancing the financial sustainability of public secondary schools in Moshi District Council, Tanzania. The study was guided by Resource Dependence Theory and employed convergent design under a mixed-method research approach. The target population included 61 public secondary schools, 61 heads of schools, 1327 teachers, 122 parents, and 1 District Secondary Education Officer (DSEO). The study used purposive sampling (total population sampling), Simple random sampling, and stratified random sampling techniques. The study sample size was 12 public secondary schools, 12 heads of schools, 144 teachers, 12 parents who are members of the school board and members of parents' teacher's platform, and 1 District Secondary Education Officer (DSEO). The study used questionnaires, interview guides, and document analysis guides for data collection. Instruments validity was ensured by MWECAU research experts. A pilot test was conducted in two secondary schools in Moshi district council. Cronbach's alpha assessed questionnaire reliability where r was 0.721 (r = .721), while that of qualitative was established through peer debriefing and triangulation. Descriptive statistics analyze quantitative data, while thematic analysis examines qualitative data. The study adhered to ethical considerations throughout the research process. A study found that the parents-teachers platform in some Tanzanian schools was not effectively using fundraising to improve financial sustainability. Teachers reported a lack of engagement with the community, alumni, and local businesses for donations. The study concluded that there is a lack of engagement of local businesses and alumni and insufficient utilization of social media and crowdfunding for fundraising purposes. The study recommended the improvement of fundraising strategies by engaging local businesses and the wider community for better financial sustainability.
{"title":"Contribution of Parents-Teachers Platform’s Fundraising Strategy to Enhance Financial Sustainability of Public Secondary Schools in Moshi District Council, Tanzania","authors":"Joseph Kiure, Dr. Eugene Lyamtane, Evans Okendo Ogoti","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8ojsaug23008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8ojsaug23008","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the contribution of the parents-teachers platform fundraising strategy in enhancing the financial sustainability of public secondary schools in Moshi District Council, Tanzania. The study was guided by Resource Dependence Theory and employed convergent design under a mixed-method research approach. The target population included 61 public secondary schools, 61 heads of schools, 1327 teachers, 122 parents, and 1 District Secondary Education Officer (DSEO). The study used purposive sampling (total population sampling), Simple random sampling, and stratified random sampling techniques. The study sample size was 12 public secondary schools, 12 heads of schools, 144 teachers, 12 parents who are members of the school board and members of parents' teacher's platform, and 1 District Secondary Education Officer (DSEO). The study used questionnaires, interview guides, and document analysis guides for data collection. Instruments validity was ensured by MWECAU research experts. A pilot test was conducted in two secondary schools in Moshi district council. Cronbach's alpha assessed questionnaire reliability where r was 0.721 (r = .721), while that of qualitative was established through peer debriefing and triangulation. Descriptive statistics analyze quantitative data, while thematic analysis examines qualitative data. The study adhered to ethical considerations throughout the research process. A study found that the parents-teachers platform in some Tanzanian schools was not effectively using fundraising to improve financial sustainability. Teachers reported a lack of engagement with the community, alumni, and local businesses for donations. The study concluded that there is a lack of engagement of local businesses and alumni and insufficient utilization of social media and crowdfunding for fundraising purposes. The study recommended the improvement of fundraising strategies by engaging local businesses and the wider community for better financial sustainability.","PeriodicalId":503137,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research and Development","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139321958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/aug23018
Agnes Mhando, Dr. Bahiya Abdi Sheshi, Dr. Kezia J. Mashingia
This study sought to investigate the of Community Involvement Strategy in Enhancing the Availability of Water for Female students’ Relief in Public Rural Secondary Schools in Selected Wards in Eastern Lushoto District, Tanzania. The study employed Convergent design under mixed research methods. The target population of the study was 13 public secondary schools, 13 heads of schools, 13 matrons, 116 teachers, and 836 female students. Five heads of schools and 5 matrons were purposively selected to take part in the study through interview guide, while 20 teachers and 80 female students were selected randomly to take part in the study through questionnaires. Quantitative data analysis was done through descriptive statistics with the aid of SPSS 22 Version, while, Qualitative data analysis was done thematically. The study revealed that, the community is too rigid to attend school meetings concerning water scarcity, offering their physical labour, fund-raising, repairing water infrastructure, and taking care of water sources. The study concluded that, the rigidity of the community to offer various contributions in enhancing the availability of water for female students’ relief in public secondary schools, is due to insufficient knowledge on the value of female students’ education as well as female students’ hygiene. Further, negative social cultural practice that, fetching water from far sources helps to prepare their girls to become good wives for the future. The study recommended that, there is a great need to liberate rural community members’ mind to value female students’ education and hygiene.
{"title":"Contribution of Community Involvement Strategy in Enhancing the Availability of Water for Female Students’ Relief in Public Rural Secondary Schools in Eastern Lushoto District, Tanzania","authors":"Agnes Mhando, Dr. Bahiya Abdi Sheshi, Dr. Kezia J. Mashingia","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/aug23018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/aug23018","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to investigate the of Community Involvement Strategy in Enhancing the Availability of Water for Female students’ Relief in Public Rural Secondary Schools in Selected Wards in Eastern Lushoto District, Tanzania. The study employed Convergent design under mixed research methods. The target population of the study was 13 public secondary schools, 13 heads of schools, 13 matrons, 116 teachers, and 836 female students. Five heads of schools and 5 matrons were purposively selected to take part in the study through interview guide, while 20 teachers and 80 female students were selected randomly to take part in the study through questionnaires. Quantitative data analysis was done through descriptive statistics with the aid of SPSS 22 Version, while, Qualitative data analysis was done thematically. The study revealed that, the community is too rigid to attend school meetings concerning water scarcity, offering their physical labour, fund-raising, repairing water infrastructure, and taking care of water sources. The study concluded that, the rigidity of the community to offer various contributions in enhancing the availability of water for female students’ relief in public secondary schools, is due to insufficient knowledge on the value of female students’ education as well as female students’ hygiene. Further, negative social cultural practice that, fetching water from far sources helps to prepare their girls to become good wives for the future. The study recommended that, there is a great need to liberate rural community members’ mind to value female students’ education and hygiene.","PeriodicalId":503137,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research and Development","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139322021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/ojsaug23010
Asha Ulomi, Adam Joseph Chidyau, Bahiya Abdi
This study investigated the effectiveness of reproductive health education (RHE) in preventing early pregnancies in public secondary schools in Magu District, Tanzania. Guided by the Social Ecological Theory, the study adopted a parallel convergent design under a mixed methods approach. The target population consisted of 21 public secondary schools, 21 heads of schools (HoSs), 37 biology teachers, 1321 female students, and one District Secondary Education Officer (DSEO). Using purposive and stratified random sampling techniques, the sample consisted of 4 public secondary schools, 144 form four and form three students, 4 biology teachers, and 4 heads of schools. The validity of interview guides and questionnaires was ensured by research experts from MWECAU. Instruments were piloted in two schools and the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient for internal consistency of Likert-type items of teachers' and students' questionnaires were .8 and .7, respectively. Triangulation of instruments and peer debriefing methods were used to establish the trustworthiness of qualitative data. Quantitative data were analyzed and presented in tables through frequencies, percentages, and means, while qualitative data were thematically analyzed. The study found that there are different perspectives between students and teachers regarding the effectiveness of reproductive health education in preventing early pregnancy among secondary school girls. The study also revealed that students and teachers were divergent on the effectiveness of RHE in reducing the risk of early pregnancy and equipping girls with the necessary skills. The study concluded that teachers' negative attitudes and wrong perceptions of reproductive health education are obstacles to the effectiveness of reproductive health education. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology should develop comprehensive national guidelines for RHE, provide regular teacher training, allocate sufficient budgetary resources, and establish monitoring mechanisms for RHE.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Reproductive Health Education in Preventing Early Pregnancies in Public Secondary Schools in Magu District, Tanzania","authors":"Asha Ulomi, Adam Joseph Chidyau, Bahiya Abdi","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/ojsaug23010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/ojsaug23010","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effectiveness of reproductive health education (RHE) in preventing early pregnancies in public secondary schools in Magu District, Tanzania. Guided by the Social Ecological Theory, the study adopted a parallel convergent design under a mixed methods approach. The target population consisted of 21 public secondary schools, 21 heads of schools (HoSs), 37 biology teachers, 1321 female students, and one District Secondary Education Officer (DSEO). Using purposive and stratified random sampling techniques, the sample consisted of 4 public secondary schools, 144 form four and form three students, 4 biology teachers, and 4 heads of schools. The validity of interview guides and questionnaires was ensured by research experts from MWECAU. Instruments were piloted in two schools and the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient for internal consistency of Likert-type items of teachers' and students' questionnaires were .8 and .7, respectively. Triangulation of instruments and peer debriefing methods were used to establish the trustworthiness of qualitative data. Quantitative data were analyzed and presented in tables through frequencies, percentages, and means, while qualitative data were thematically analyzed. The study found that there are different perspectives between students and teachers regarding the effectiveness of reproductive health education in preventing early pregnancy among secondary school girls. The study also revealed that students and teachers were divergent on the effectiveness of RHE in reducing the risk of early pregnancy and equipping girls with the necessary skills. The study concluded that teachers' negative attitudes and wrong perceptions of reproductive health education are obstacles to the effectiveness of reproductive health education. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology should develop comprehensive national guidelines for RHE, provide regular teacher training, allocate sufficient budgetary resources, and establish monitoring mechanisms for RHE.","PeriodicalId":503137,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research and Development","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139321977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/ojsaug23007
Shakili Msese, Dr. Eugene Lyamtane, Dr. Timothy Mandila
This study was conducted to examine the provision of a basic training programme towards equipping recruits with policing skills. The study was guided by Malcolm Knowles' andragogy theory. The study employed a convergent research design under mixed methods research approach. The target population was 3019 recruits, 389 instructors, 4 operation commanders, 1 chief instructor, 1 adjutant and 1 commandant found in Tanzania police school. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 312 recruits; an expert sampling technique was used to select 40 instructors, while a total population sampling technique was used to select 4 operation commanders, 1 chief instructor, 1 adjutant and 1 commandant to make a total sample of 359 respondents who were obtained through Yamane's formula. Questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect the information. The calculated reliability coefficients for recruits' and instructors' questionnaires were 0.742 and 0.751, respectively, while the aspects of conformability were used to ensure the reliability of the interview guide. Quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics presented in tables. The qualitative data was analyzed by developing themes and presented in narrative form and direct quotations. The study established that the lecture method is the most pedagogical approach used. Furthermore, the study revealed that practical lessons were also given. The study concluded that the basic recruits training programme is conducted through a lecturing method where practicals were also given and a learner-centred method was used but sparingly. The study recommends that TPS management should continuously assess training programmes to make sure recruits receive the necessary skills.
{"title":"Provision of Basic Training Programme towards Equipping Recruits with Policing Skills in Tanzania Police School","authors":"Shakili Msese, Dr. Eugene Lyamtane, Dr. Timothy Mandila","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/ojsaug23007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/ojsaug23007","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to examine the provision of a basic training programme towards equipping recruits with policing skills. The study was guided by Malcolm Knowles' andragogy theory. The study employed a convergent research design under mixed methods research approach. The target population was 3019 recruits, 389 instructors, 4 operation commanders, 1 chief instructor, 1 adjutant and 1 commandant found in Tanzania police school. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 312 recruits; an expert sampling technique was used to select 40 instructors, while a total population sampling technique was used to select 4 operation commanders, 1 chief instructor, 1 adjutant and 1 commandant to make a total sample of 359 respondents who were obtained through Yamane's formula. Questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect the information. The calculated reliability coefficients for recruits' and instructors' questionnaires were 0.742 and 0.751, respectively, while the aspects of conformability were used to ensure the reliability of the interview guide. Quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics presented in tables. The qualitative data was analyzed by developing themes and presented in narrative form and direct quotations. The study established that the lecture method is the most pedagogical approach used. Furthermore, the study revealed that practical lessons were also given. The study concluded that the basic recruits training programme is conducted through a lecturing method where practicals were also given and a learner-centred method was used but sparingly. The study recommends that TPS management should continuously assess training programmes to make sure recruits receive the necessary skills.","PeriodicalId":503137,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research and Development","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139322020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/aug23017
Dr. Abubakar Saleh Jadas, Dr. Godwin Danjuma Amasa, Mallam Suleiman Mohammed Ikara
This study aims to determine the twenty-first-century skills retraining needs of mechanical engineering craft practice teachers in technical vocational institutions in the North West zone of Nigeria. The specific objectives were to determine the technical skills possessed and needed by MECP teachers in technical schools in the North West zone of Nigeria. A descriptive research design was adopted to reach out to a population of 78 MECP teachers in the technical colleges in the North West geo-political zone. The instrument for data collection used was a four-category response Mechanical Engineering Craft Practice Teachers Skill Possessed Instrument (MECPSPI), while the second is the Mechanical Engineering Craft Practice Skill Need Instrument (MECPSNI). The instrument was subjected to both validation and reliability with a reliability coefficient of 0.87. The data was analyzed using the mean statistic and the hypotheses using ANOVA at 95% confidence level. Results show that the technical skills possessed by MECP teachers in Technical Schools in North West zone of Nigeria were not digital skills in terms of drawing skills, machining skills, engineering material skills, hand tools skills and forming operation skills. The 21st century skills needed by MECP teachers were mostly digital skills. The results of the hypotheses show that MECP teachers in technical schools did not differ significantly based on their years of teaching experiences as it relates to the technical skills possessed and needed in North West zone of Nigeria. It was recommended, among others, that the Federal Government, in collaboration with relevant stakeholders, design a comprehensive road map for up-skilling of MECP teachers periodically. Standing orders for the supply of modern digital machines and equipment should be made every five years to ensure meeting the world's best practice of acquiring new technological skills.
{"title":"Twenty-First Century Skills Retraining Needs of Mechanical Engineering Craft Practice Teachers in Technical Vocational Institutions in the North West Zone of Nigeria","authors":"Dr. Abubakar Saleh Jadas, Dr. Godwin Danjuma Amasa, Mallam Suleiman Mohammed Ikara","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/aug23017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/aug23017","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the twenty-first-century skills retraining needs of mechanical engineering craft practice teachers in technical vocational institutions in the North West zone of Nigeria. The specific objectives were to determine the technical skills possessed and needed by MECP teachers in technical schools in the North West zone of Nigeria. A descriptive research design was adopted to reach out to a population of 78 MECP teachers in the technical colleges in the North West geo-political zone. The instrument for data collection used was a four-category response Mechanical Engineering Craft Practice Teachers Skill Possessed Instrument (MECPSPI), while the second is the Mechanical Engineering Craft Practice Skill Need Instrument (MECPSNI). The instrument was subjected to both validation and reliability with a reliability coefficient of 0.87. The data was analyzed using the mean statistic and the hypotheses using ANOVA at 95% confidence level. Results show that the technical skills possessed by MECP teachers in Technical Schools in North West zone of Nigeria were not digital skills in terms of drawing skills, machining skills, engineering material skills, hand tools skills and forming operation skills. The 21st century skills needed by MECP teachers were mostly digital skills. The results of the hypotheses show that MECP teachers in technical schools did not differ significantly based on their years of teaching experiences as it relates to the technical skills possessed and needed in North West zone of Nigeria. It was recommended, among others, that the Federal Government, in collaboration with relevant stakeholders, design a comprehensive road map for up-skilling of MECP teachers periodically. Standing orders for the supply of modern digital machines and equipment should be made every five years to ensure meeting the world's best practice of acquiring new technological skills.","PeriodicalId":503137,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research and Development","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139322050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/aug23001
Dr. Daniel, Dare Joseph, Dr. Chukwuemeka, Emeka Joshua
Despite the general finding that a positive association exists between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and firm performance (FP), the evidence is not consistent, and there is wide variation in the magnitude of the reported impact. Researchers make the case that examining a simple bivariate link, often with constrained methods, provides an inadequate assessment of this focal relationship. Accordingly, scholars have called for wide-ranging modeling of the impact of EO on firm performance. We respond to this call by testing a comprehensive model using 352 entrepreneurs in the Manufacturing sector located in four urban areas, namely: Lagos, Kano, Aba and Abuja, with a multi-theoretic approach in the area of SMEs using the Structural Equation Model (AMOS). By so doing, research result shows that a highly integrated and implementation of entrepreneurial orientation will impact SMEs' performance. Revising relevant survey instruments for the benefit of investigating this relationship in Nigerian manufacturing SMEs was carried out due to limited literature in such a direction and exploring greater insights in the relationship between EO and firm performance is inevitable. Therefore, to address this concern, this study developed a concept facilitating an atmosphere of the relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and performance relative to competitors. This, in turn, leads to improved performance. The results support conceptualization and findings that proper implementation of entrepreneurial orientation will improve the firm's performance.
{"title":"Entrepreneurial Orientation and the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria","authors":"Dr. Daniel, Dare Joseph, Dr. Chukwuemeka, Emeka Joshua","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/aug23001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i8/aug23001","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the general finding that a positive association exists between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and firm performance (FP), the evidence is not consistent, and there is wide variation in the magnitude of the reported impact. Researchers make the case that examining a simple bivariate link, often with constrained methods, provides an inadequate assessment of this focal relationship. Accordingly, scholars have called for wide-ranging modeling of the impact of EO on firm performance. We respond to this call by testing a comprehensive model using 352 entrepreneurs in the Manufacturing sector located in four urban areas, namely: Lagos, Kano, Aba and Abuja, with a multi-theoretic approach in the area of SMEs using the Structural Equation Model (AMOS). By so doing, research result shows that a highly integrated and implementation of entrepreneurial orientation will impact SMEs' performance. Revising relevant survey instruments for the benefit of investigating this relationship in Nigerian manufacturing SMEs was carried out due to limited literature in such a direction and exploring greater insights in the relationship between EO and firm performance is inevitable. Therefore, to address this concern, this study developed a concept facilitating an atmosphere of the relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and performance relative to competitors. This, in turn, leads to improved performance. The results support conceptualization and findings that proper implementation of entrepreneurial orientation will improve the firm's performance.","PeriodicalId":503137,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research and Development","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139322064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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