Pozharnaia bezopasnost`最新文献

{"title":"CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR CALCULATING EXTINGUISHING AGENTS SUPPLY TO LONG-DISTANCE PUMPING OPERATIONS","authors":"В.Н. Нелюбов","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.115.2.002","url":null,"abstract":"При тушении сложных и масштабных пожаров, как правило, возникает необходимость подачи огнетушащих веществ (ОТВ) на большие расстояния. Наиболее экономичным и рациональным способом развертывания магистральных насосно-рукавных линий является способ подачи вперекачку. При расчетах пользуются формулами справочников руководителя тушения пожаров. Проведен анализ влияния значений гидравлического сопротивления рукавов, указанных в справочниках, на длину рукавных линий. Показано, что при расчетах они дают заниженные значения расстояний, на которые подаются ОТВ. Предложено выполнить исследования по определению величин гидравлического сопротивления для современных типов пожарных рукавов.\u0000 When extinguishing complex, protracted fires there is used a large number of vehicles and, very often, there is a shortage of water. Water is supplied from water sources located at a great distance from the fire site. In this case, there are used three schemes of water delivery: by delivery, pumping from pump to pump of fire trucks, pumping with the use of intermediate tanks (tanker trucks, various kinds of tanks). The first two schemes are costly due to the use of a large number of vehicles. The third scheme has a number of advantages: it reduces the use of tank trucks, which are scarce in fire extinguishing, and simplifies the management of the pumping process. But, before laying the main pressure fire hoses from the water source to the fire site, it is necessary to perform the calculation of this line. It includes determination of the type and quantity of necessary fire-technical equipment, assessment of the impact of the terrain on the conditions of fire hoses laying, etc. When making such calculations, the ratios from the fire manager’s handbooks are used. The article gives examples of discrepancy between the performed calculations and real examples of laying pump-hose lines. Such comparison is made on the example of using the complex of equipment «Geyser 10000» when laying a hose-pipe line with the length of 10 km and using PANRC when supplying water at a distance of more than 1 km. Analysis of the results of such comparison showed that calculated values of the length of pump-hose lines are considerably less than the real result of assembling such a line. It is established that the main reason for such discrepancy is outdated data on the value of hydraulic resistance of fire hoses. Reference literature provides values of hydraulic resistance for fire hoses made of materials and technologies of the 50s–70s. Modern fire hoses are made of polymeric materials. For these, hydraulic resistance data are not available for some hose diameters. It is recommended to revise the reference data on hydraulic resistance of fire hoses.","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF OBTAINING BIODEGRADABLE FOAMS FOR FIRE EXTINGUISHING BASED ON LOCAL RAW MATERIALS","authors":"Р. Болтабоев, Ж.С. Боликулов","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.114.1.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.114.1.010","url":null,"abstract":"Приведены результаты исследований по получению пенообразующего вещества из корней растений. Дана характеристика огнетушащих свойств пены. Указаны способы определения эффективности огнетушащих пен с помощью комплекса физико-химических показателей. Показаны пути повышения эффективности тушения пожаров с помощью пены. Проанализированы литературные данные, касающиеся получения наиболее перспективных синтетических пенообразователей на основе алкилсульфатов, алкилсульфанатов и других анионактивных соединений, а также галогенсодержащих поверхностно-активных веществ. Рассмотрены недостатки синтетических пенообразователей.\u0000 Foams which are colloidal systems of gas bubbles surrounded by liquid films are more advanced and widely used extinguishing agents. The extinguishing effect of foam is primarily an insulating effect, but also the cooling of the hot surface by the water contained in the foam. The use of foams offers the following advantages: significant reduction of water, the ability to spread over the burning surface and, therefore, the possibility of covering the burning surface when foam is applied in one place (in case of extinguishing with water it is necessary to irrigate the entire burning surface), as well as increased wetting power compared to water. Foams are used for extinguishing fires of solid and liquid substances that do not interact with water, and primarily for oil products. The proposed foams are widely used in extinguishing fires of tanks with flammable liquids, as well as in emergency landing of aircraft, in technological proceduces of manufacture. To increase the efficiency of fire extinguishing it is necessary to introduce additives reducing the surface tension of water. Some natural (protein-containing) and synthetic surfactants are used as such additives, called foaming agents (FA). Besides, stabilising additives are also introduced into them in order to increase the stability of foams. The physico-chemical and fire-extinguishing properties of foams are considered in sufficient details in research works. One of the most important directions in further increase of efficiency of foam fire extinguishing is to find new foaming agents providing increased stability of foam on the surface of burning material, good spreadability of foam, etc. at low consumption of foaming agent. A lot of systematic work is being done in this direction in advanced industrial countries. The analysis of patent literature shows that the most promising are synthetic blowing agents based on alkyl sulphates, alkyl sulphonates and other anionactive compounds, as well as halogen-containing surfactants. The disadvantages of using the above-mentioned substances are that, firstly, they are subjected to weak biological oxidation, which leads to environmental pollution, and secondly, to obtain these substances synthetically requires large material costs. Therefore, the authors used a natural material, the root of the plant to produce foam. The structure of the obtain","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CALCULATION OF SOCIAL FIRE RISK DURING EVACUATION OF PEOPLE FROM BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES","authors":"А.В. Фирсов","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.114.1.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.114.1.003","url":null,"abstract":"Рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с расчетом социального пожарного риска в зданиях и сооружениях. Показан один из возможных методов разработки научно-методического подхода к расчету социального пожарного риска в зданиях и сооружениях различных классов функциональной пожарной опасности. Изложен метод расчета вероятности эвакуации людей при пожаре. На основании статистических данных о пожарах, а также динамики опасных факторов пожара (ОФП) разрабатывается математическая модель оценки вероятности воздействия ОФП на людей. Полученные в результате расчета значения социального пожарного риска сравниваются с нормативным значением и на основании этого делается заключение о безопасности эвакуации людей при пожаре.\u0000 Discusses issues affecting methods for calculating social fire risk in buildings and structures of various classes of functional fire hazard in the Russian Federation using well-known formulas. The essence of the problem comes down to the fact that when using the studied formulas set out in the monograph “Fire Risks. Dynamics, control, forecasting”, the correct decision is impossible, which is proven in the article. The evidence presented in the article casts doubt on the correctness of two formulas: 1) which shows that the integral in square brackets is equal to 1, and the second integral is equal to 0.5, regardless of the numerical values of Dt, f(tp), j(tбл), which indicates that the formula is erroneous; 2) the second formula (11) for calculating the probability of successful evacuation of people in the case when the values tр and tнб obey the normal distribution law, provided that the actual time of evacuation of people tp from the room or building will be less than the required time tнб also has errors, since the use of the Gaussian curve and the Laplace function as evidence for solving problems of evacuation of people in case of fire shows different probabilities. As one of the elements of calculating individual and social fire risk, formulas (5)–(10) and Fig. 1–6 given in this article.","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CLIMATIC TESTS OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR FIREFIGHTERS","authors":"В.И. Логинов, Юрий Николаевич Маслов, Сергей Александрович Варламкин, А.О. Антипов","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.114.1.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.114.1.007","url":null,"abstract":"Обоснована необходимость проведения комплексных климатических испытаний средств индивидуальной защиты (СИЗ) пожарных и спасателей (боевой одежды пожарного, средств индивидуальной защиты органов дыхания и зрения пожарных, средств индивидуальной защиты рук, ног, головы пожарного) при сочетанном воздействии экстремально отрицательных температур, ветровых нагрузок и воды при обливе во время тушения. Проведен критический анализ методик испытаний различных СИЗ. Предложено разработать методику комплексных климатических испытаний всех средств индивидуальной защиты пожарных и спасателей при сочетанном воздействии экстремальных отрицательных температур окружающей среды, огнетушащих веществ, ветровых нагрузок.\u0000 There is substantiated the necessity of conducting comprehensive climatic tests of personal protective equipment for firefighters and rescuers (combat clothing, respiratory protective equipment, protectors for hand, foot and head) under the combined effects of extremely low temperatures, wind loads and water dousing. A critical analysis of existing similar test methods for various PPE (personal protective equipment) is provided. A significant disadvantage of the GOST 34734–2021 methods is that the products are tested in a dry-air state. In real operating conditions, all PPE are collectively affected by both low temperatures and fire extinguishing agents, primarily water and aqueous solutions of foaming agents. Water dousing significantly affects the performance and protective properties of PPE. In addition, test methods do not provide for the creation of wind loads, which also significantly affects the performance and thermal protective features of PPE. The methods of climatic testing of PPE for general industrial purposes cannot be fully applicable for testing the PPE for firefighters, since they do not take into account the specifics of operational and tactical actions, as well as the level of physical activity of firefighters. In addition, the test results will allow determining the permissible working time of a firefighter (rescuer) equipped in combat clothing, personal protective equipment for firefighter's hands, feet and head at different values of negative ambient temperatures and wind loads, and also to prepare proposals for amendments to draft interstate standards on PPE in terms of requirements and test methods. The work is planned taking into account the requirements and recommendations set out in various normative documents, as well as on the basis of research carried out during the development of combat clothing for operation in the Far North and in the Arctic zone. As a result of the development of a comprehensive methodology for conducting climatic tests of PPE for firefighters and conducting tests with the participation of volunteer testers, it is expected to obtain new data on the technical condition of a PPE for firefighters, thermal protection characteristics of combat clothing, personal protective equipment for firefighters’ hand","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HYDRAULIC SCHEMES OF HIGH-CAPACITY PUMP-HOSE SYSTEMS FOR EXTINGUISHING COMPLEX FIRES","authors":"В.Н. Нелюбов","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.114.1.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.114.1.002","url":null,"abstract":"Показано, что тушение сложных, затяжных пожаров, к которым можно отнести ландшафтные пожары, требует применения высокопроизводительной пожарной техники. Эта техника должна обеспечивать подачу больших объемов воды на дальние расстояния. Проведен анализ использования мобильных высокопроизводительных насосно-рукавных комплексов НРК-А «Водолей» и КНРМ-400-1,6/300 «Шквал» при тушении лесных пожаров в 2021 году. Выполнен расчет вариантов прокладки магистральных линий в зависимости от расхода воды, подаваемой насосами этих комплексов, диаметров пожарных рукавов, штатной пожарной техники. Даны предложения по выбору оптимальных вариантов развертывания насосно-рукавных комплексов.\u0000 Complex fires are characterized by a large area, a long time of their localization and liquidation. Extinguishing such fires requires a large water consumption and its supply over considerable distances. All this conditions make up the task of equipping fire service units with appropriate equipment. Modern technological capabilities of a number of highly developed countries allow to create such equipment. In our country for the last decades a whole class of high-performance pumping and hose complexes has been created, which primarily include the complexes «Vodoley» and «Shkval». For their practical application, maximum use of technical capabilities it is necessary to develop tactical schemes of deployment, hydraulic calculation of pumping and hose systems. At the same time, it is necessary to test the proposed options for using such equipment not only during exercises, but also in real conditions. The article presents the results of calculations and real combat deployment of pump and hose systems in the suppression of forest fires in summer of 2021 in the Republic of Mordovia and Nizhny Novgorod region using the complexes «Vodoley» and «Shkval». It is shown that the capabilities of these complexes are much wider than the deployment schemes that were realized during forest fire suppression. Classical dependencies obtained in the works on hydraulics and fire tactics were used in the calculations. One of the directions of increasing the efficiency of the use of high-performance fire fighting equipment is the use of intermediate reservoirs (tanks). These can be natural reservoirs, tanks of fire trains or soft reservoirs. Soft tanks can be simultaneously used for preparation of solutions with the use of special additives that significantly increase the efficiency of water.","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDY OF FOAMING PROPERTIES OF ALKYL SULPHATES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FORMULATIONS OF S-TYPE FOAMING AGENTS FOR FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT","authors":"Дмитрий Сергеевич Шентяпин, Евгений Вячеславович Баранов, Евгений Егорович Архипов, Я.С. Степаненко","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.114.1.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.114.1.005","url":null,"abstract":"По итогам Международной конференции «Проблемные и актуальные вопросы пенного пожаротушения» было принято решение провести анализ рецептур пенообразователей, разработанных специалистами ФГБУ ВНИИПО МЧС России начиная с 1970 г. Полученные в результате анализа выводы будут направлены организациям, заинтересованным в производстве пенообразователей. В статье представлены результаты исследований пенообразующих свойств первичных и вторичных алкилсульфатов, используемых при разработке рецептур пенообразователей типа S для тушения пожаров.\u0000 The article presents the results of research of foaming properties of primary and secondary alkyl sulfates used in the development of formulations of S-type foaming agents for fire extinguishment. The use of alkyl sulfates is due to several reasons that are very important for fire extinguishing concentrates: low cost, high foaming capacity, high biodegradability. On the basis of common methods of assessment of colloid-chemical and foaming properties, there have been conducted studies in homological series of the most promising biodegradable surfactants: primary alkyl sulfate produced by sulfurizing individual primary alcohols with a number of carbon atoms ranging from 6 to 18; secondary alkyl sulfate produced by sulfurizing individual olefins with a number of carbon atoms from 6 to 18. It has been determined that it is most appropriate to use fractions of anionic surfactants containing homologues with the optimal length of hydrocarbon radicals to produce resistant fire-fighting foams. For primary alkyl sulfates – from C10 to C13; for secondary alkyl sulfates – from C11 to C14. It is shown that a change in the position of the hydrophilic group and the length of the radicals is possible to regulate the foaming properties of secondary alkyl sulfate. For secondary alkyl sulfate up to C11, they are maximum at the location of the hydrophilic group at the first hydrocarbon atom, and for secondary alkyl sulfate from C13 upwards the position of the hydrophilic group in the middle of the radical is preferred. According to foaming properties on «hard» water, homologs of optimal fractions are arranged in a row: primary alkyl sulfate (low molecular) = secondary alkyl sulfates (high molecular) > primary alkyl sulfates (high molecular) = secondary alkyl sulfate (low molecular).","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ELABORATION OF FEASIBILITY CRITERIA FOR ESTABLISHING VOLUNTEER FIRE SERVICE DIVISIONS","authors":"Ольга Дмитриевна Ратникова, Евгений Васильевич Бобринев","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.114.1.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.114.1.008","url":null,"abstract":"Рассмотрены факторы, определяющие целесообразность создания подразделений добровольной пожарной охраны в населенных пунктах. Определены характеристики населенного пункта, являющиеся показателями целесообразности создания подразделений добровольной пожарной охраны. Проведен анализ экспертного анкетирования в целях определения степени влияния каждого показателя на принятие решения о создании подразделений добровольной пожарной охраны. Предложен алгоритм определения необходимости создания подразделений добровольной пожарной охраны в населенных пунктах. Предложена математическая модель расчета целевых функций необходимости создания подразделений добровольной пожарной охраны в населенных пунктах. Описана область применения факторного моделирования для исследования уровней пожарной опасности территорий. Сформирована матрица факторных нагрузок для оценки целевой функции необходимости создания подразделений добровольной пожарной охраны. Разработан научно обоснованный подход к определению критериев создания подразделений добровольной пожарной охраны в населенных пунктах.\u0000 The article discusses the issues of determining the criteria of feasibility for establishing volunteer fire department units in settlements. The implementation of a systematic approach to activities of volunteer fire department is proposed, which is based on the identification of factors determining the need to involve voluntary firefighters in activities to ensure the fire safety of settlements and organizations. The authors based on the main paradigm of a systematic approach to the formation of volunteer organizations, according to which the work of volunteer firefighters should be directed primarily to solving those tasks that cannot or should not be solved by professional fire service. The article presents the factors determining the feasibility of establishing volunteer fire service divisions and suggests a scientifically based approach for determining the criteria for creating volunteer fire service divisions in settlements. The article describes the mathematical model proposed by the authors for calculating the objective functions of the necessity for creation of volunteer fire service divisions in populated areas.","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF FIRE-EXPLOSIVE HAZARD OF DISINFECTANT CREATED ON THE BASIS OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND ETHYL ALCOHOL WHEN USED ON RAILWAY TRANSPORT","authors":"В.Л. Карпов, А.Ю. Лагозин, Анна Витальевна Мордвинова, С.А. Мирошниченко","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.114.1.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.114.1.006","url":null,"abstract":"Представлены результаты лабораторных и крупномасштабных экспериментальных исследований пожаровзрывоопасности дезинфицирующего средства, включающего в себя перекись водорода и этиловый спирт, при применении его в виде аэрозоля холодного тумана. Исследования проводились в условиях, приближенных к реальным условиям дезинфекции вагонов железнодорожного транспорта. На основе проведенных исследований и экспериментов определены пожаробезопасные режимы обеззараживания вагонов железнодорожного транспорта с помощью данного дезинфицирующего средства.\u0000 This paper is devoted to the study of the fire-explosion hazard of a disinfectant when applied as a cold fog aerosol. Currently, Rospotrebnadzor, public health authorities and institutions are concerned about the current sanitary and epidemiological situation on the territory of the Russian Federation, which is directly related to intensive transport communication. Railway transport occupies a leading position in the transport system of the Russian Federation in terms of transportation and the number of passenger flows. Therefore, there are set high tasks to ensure sanitary and epidemiological well-being of passenger transportation services. The overwhelming majority of disinfectants used for disinfection of railroad cars contain ethyl alcohol and they are flammable liquids, which makes it necessary to conduct studies to assess their fire-explosive hazard. The article deals with a disinfectant used for disinfection of air, surfaces in rooms and railroad cars. The disinfectant is sprayed using a cold fog generator capable of spraying 90-95% of the disinfectant in the form of an aerosol. Disinfection is carried out in a closed room with no people present. On the basis of the conducted research the fire-safe modes of disinfection of railroad cars with disinfectant are determined. Fire safety requirements are developed for the technology of disinfection of railroad cars with disinfectant when applied in the form of cold fog aerosol. The relevance of this article is that only disinfectants that have undergone experimental studies and meet all fire safety requirements can be used for disinfection of railroad cars in order to improve the sanitary and hygienic condition of passenger facilities and reduce the risk of emergence and spread of infections.","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FLAME ARRESTER FOR FIRE SPREAD PREVENTION IN PAINT AND VARNISH PRODUCTION","authors":"Д.Н. Рассадников, Е.В. Романюк, С.А. Ведерников","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.114.1.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2024.114.1.004","url":null,"abstract":"В статье описывается новое устройство защиты коммуникаций лакокрасочных производств от распространения пожара, а также улавливания паров растворителей и аэрозольных частиц в системах вентиляции – огнепреградитель «Ерш». Представлены его основные элементы, которые необходимы для обеспечения бесперебойной работы. Вопрос разработки данного устройства актуален из-за большого количество случаев, когда классические огнепреградители не справляются с поставленной перед ними задачей или не могут быть использованы. Рассмотрены конструкции традиционных огнепреградителей. Обращено внимание на основные недостатки этих огнепреградителей и искрогасителей, используемых на промышленных объектах. Эти недостатки учтены и устранены при создании нового устройства. Приведены общий вид и схема огнепреградителя «Ерш», а также экспериментальный стенд и методика оценки способности огнепреградителя локализовать пламя и периодичности очистки от аэрозольных загрязнений.\u0000 One of the methods for fire protection of industrial facilities is the use of devices that prevent the fire spread within the source. Flame propagation through communications facilities occurs when they contain conditions for the formation of flammable gas or dust-air mixtures, when there is a flammable load in the form of deposits of various substances or materials, and when there are flammable gases or liquids which may cause an explosion without access to air when heated or compressed. Flame arresters are a type of devices used to prevent flame propagation in technological systems. They allow steam flows or gas-air flammable mixtures to pass freely through special solid flame-retardant nozzles or elements. In the event of a fire or explosion, these devices prevent the spread of flame throughout the system and limit it within the source. The considered classical flame arresters, which have a dense structure, can create resistance in the flow and cause a pressure drop in the communication system. In this regard, the need arose to create a new device to protect the communications of paint and varnish industries from of fire spread, capturing solvent vapors and aerosol particles in ventilation systems – «Yersh» flame arresters. Its main elements, which are necessary to ensure an uninterrupted operation process, are presented. Using the flame arrester «Yersh», several complex problems are solved, such as the ability of the flame arrester to localize a flame, increasing the service life of the flame arrester when exposed to flame, and cleaning from aerosol contaminants. To test the flame arrester «Yersh», there was developed a test bench. The test bench will allow a more accurate assessment of the possibility of using this device as a flame arrester.","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF A MODERNIZED MEDIUM EXPANSION FOAM GENERATOR GPS-600M","authors":"Дмитрий Сергеевич Шентяпин, Евгений Вячеславович Баранов, Евгений Егорович Архипов, Д.А. Степаненко","doi":"10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2023.113.4.004","url":null,"abstract":"Представлены результаты исследований, которые являются продолжением начатых в 80-х годах ХХ века работ по модернизации генератора пены средней кратности эжекционного типа ГПС-600, произведенного в СССР и широко применяемого как тогда, так и в настоящее время. Цель модернизации генератора пены ГПС-600, произведенного согласно ГОСТ 12962–80, – значительное удешевление его производства, уменьшение габаритов, массы и сохранение или улучшение тактико-эксплуатационных характеристик. Специалистами ФГБУ ВНИИПО МЧС России изготовлен образец модернизированного генератора пены средней кратности ГПС-600М и проведены его предварительные испытания. Для массового производства пеногенератора необходимы более углубленные испытания с последующим выходом на приемочные испытания в рамках МЧС России. It is known that an integral part of fire safety is the development of extinguishing agents and technical means for extinguishing fires of various classes. The use of fire-fighting foams, both hydrocarbon and fluorinated blowing agents, is of great importance when fighting Class B fires (liquid combustible materials). For hydrocarbon foaming agents, the foam of medium expansion has acquired the greatest importance in extinguishing fires, which is also significant for fluorinated foaming agents, however, low expansion foam has acquired greater use for fluorinated foaming agents. The main technical means that allows the use of foaming agents, from which foam of medium expansion was obtained, from the 60s of the 20th century to the present time has become a medium expansion generator of the ejection type GPS-600. Back in the 80s of the twentieth century, work was carried out to modernize the GPS-600 foam generator, which raised questions about significantly reducing the cost of its production, reducing dimensions, weight, and maintaining or improving tactical and operational characteristics. Specialists of FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia have continued work on modernization, a sample of an upgraded foam generator of medium expansion GPS-600M has been manufactured and preliminary tests have been carried out. The article presents the results of the development of GPS-600M. It is also noted that advanced tests are necessary with subsequent access to acceptance tests within the framework of EMERCOM of Russia.","PeriodicalId":503500,"journal":{"name":"Pozharnaia bezopasnost`","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}