Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0027
Sheen Khan, Sadaf Saify, Adriano Sofo, Nafees A. Khan
The escalating global climate shifts lead to several negative impacts, including a continuous increase in average temperatures, imposing significant consequences on plant physiology, biochemical dynamics, and molecular processes. Central to these ramifications is the process of photosynthesis, pivotal for carbohydrate synthesis and essential for sustaining growth amidst normal or stressful environmental conditions. Exposure to heat stress (HS) negatively affects the photosynthetic potential, primarily due to the increased synthesis of reactive oxygen species, disrupting the optimal functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus. Melatonin (MLT) has emerged as a multifaceted signaling molecule exhibiting promising capabilities in mitigating the adverse effects of abiotic stress including HS on plants. While a substantial body of literature addresses the enhancement of plant resilience to various environmental stresses using MLT, the present review specifically focuses on the impact of MLT on photosynthesis during HS. It emphasizes MLT’s role in regulating chlorophyll synthesis and degradation, regulating stomatal movement, safeguarding photosynthetic proteins, and sustaining the photosynthetic process under HS. This could be achieved by various mechanisms including enhancing the transcription of photosystem genes, activating antioxidant defenses, promoting the xanthophyll cycle, and modulating enzymes involved in photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Consequently, this review aims to enhance our understanding of how MLT mediates the protection of the photosynthesis process under HS, offering insights for the development of heat-tolerant crops.
{"title":"The mechanisms of melatonin action in shielding photosynthesis during heat stress","authors":"Sheen Khan, Sadaf Saify, Adriano Sofo, Nafees A. Khan","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The escalating global climate shifts lead to several negative impacts, including a continuous increase in average temperatures, imposing significant consequences on plant physiology, biochemical dynamics, and molecular processes. Central to these ramifications is the process of photosynthesis, pivotal for carbohydrate synthesis and essential for sustaining growth amidst normal or stressful environmental conditions. Exposure to heat stress (HS) negatively affects the photosynthetic potential, primarily due to the increased synthesis of reactive oxygen species, disrupting the optimal functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus. Melatonin (MLT) has emerged as a multifaceted signaling molecule exhibiting promising capabilities in mitigating the adverse effects of abiotic stress including HS on plants. While a substantial body of literature addresses the enhancement of plant resilience to various environmental stresses using MLT, the present review specifically focuses on the impact of MLT on photosynthesis during HS. It emphasizes MLT’s role in regulating chlorophyll synthesis and degradation, regulating stomatal movement, safeguarding photosynthetic proteins, and sustaining the photosynthetic process under HS. This could be achieved by various mechanisms including enhancing the transcription of photosystem genes, activating antioxidant defenses, promoting the xanthophyll cycle, and modulating enzymes involved in photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Consequently, this review aims to enhance our understanding of how MLT mediates the protection of the photosynthesis process under HS, offering insights for the development of heat-tolerant crops.","PeriodicalId":503542,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141829339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0019
Mehak Vohra, Vijaylaxmi Sharma
Indian agriculture has long faced criticism for its lack of a strong price policy, which leaves farmers at the mercy of changes in the market. Although it has been implemented for a few commodities, the minimum support price (MSP) system has not been all-encompassing nor has the implementation of market intervention measures yielded much respite. This study makes the case that a thoughtful combination of the private investments and market intervention schemes (MIS) along with existing regimes of MSP could provide greater results. A strategy like this might offer farmers greater all-encompassing assistance while guaranteeing reasonable prices and stable markets. This study has reviewed two key existing frameworks by examining their strengths and flaws. Based on this analysis, it is possible to move forward by incorporating the best aspects of MIS and MSP. In addition to addressing the long-standing issues Indian farmers confront, this strategy could result in a more egalitarian and sustainable agriculture industry.
{"title":"Revitalizing agricultural price mechanisms: A review and call for enhancement","authors":"Mehak Vohra, Vijaylaxmi Sharma","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Indian agriculture has long faced criticism for its lack of a strong price policy, which leaves farmers at the mercy of changes in the market. Although it has been implemented for a few commodities, the minimum support price (MSP) system has not been all-encompassing nor has the implementation of market intervention measures yielded much respite. This study makes the case that a thoughtful combination of the private investments and market intervention schemes (MIS) along with existing regimes of MSP could provide greater results. A strategy like this might offer farmers greater all-encompassing assistance while guaranteeing reasonable prices and stable markets. This study has reviewed two key existing frameworks by examining their strengths and flaws. Based on this analysis, it is possible to move forward by incorporating the best aspects of MIS and MSP. In addition to addressing the long-standing issues Indian farmers confront, this strategy could result in a more egalitarian and sustainable agriculture industry.","PeriodicalId":503542,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0011
Santiago Rosas-Plaza, Ximena Rosas-Plaza, René Cerritos
Research related to the analysis of microbial communities in ancient human samples began two decades ago. Since then, new technologies as well as new bioinformatic tools have been developed for the manipulation of massive data. All this together, with the theoretical knowledge generated from microbial ecology has expanded our understanding of the human microbiome. Despite the challenge of studying ancient samples and their microbiome, some approaches applied to the contemporary human microbiome have been successfully applied to ancient samples. Most studies in ancient samples have focused on taxonomic profiling at the community level with metagenomic or high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data. However, other approaches have emerged in order to get deeper understanding of the ancient human microbiome. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss all the approaches and methodologies successfully applied to ancient samples and ancient microbiome as well as the information that can be generated using them, in order to understand the evolution of human microbiome interactions throughout history.
{"title":"Multiple approaches in the study of ancient human microbiome","authors":"Santiago Rosas-Plaza, Ximena Rosas-Plaza, René Cerritos","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Research related to the analysis of microbial communities in ancient human samples began two decades ago. Since then, new technologies as well as new bioinformatic tools have been developed for the manipulation of massive data. All this together, with the theoretical knowledge generated from microbial ecology has expanded our understanding of the human microbiome. Despite the challenge of studying ancient samples and their microbiome, some approaches applied to the contemporary human microbiome have been successfully applied to ancient samples. Most studies in ancient samples have focused on taxonomic profiling at the community level with metagenomic or high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data. However, other approaches have emerged in order to get deeper understanding of the ancient human microbiome. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss all the approaches and methodologies successfully applied to ancient samples and ancient microbiome as well as the information that can be generated using them, in order to understand the evolution of human microbiome interactions throughout history.","PeriodicalId":503542,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140722718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0012
Muhammad Sufhan Tahir, A. H. Gondal, Hira Tariq, Adeel Ijaz Shah, Muhammad Numan Ali, Zahid Asghar Bajwa
Estimates suggest that over one-third of food is lost or wasted along the food supply chain, with significant environmental and economic effects. This is one of the primary problems with today’s food systems, along with decreased agricultural yield and food quality. Many people attribute the decline in output and the deterioration of food quality to a lack of technology and ignorance about modern technologies. As a result, scientists are working hard to find innovative solutions to these problems and create new food production methods to feed the world’s growing population. Increased agricultural yields and quality may be achieved in a variety of settings by employing genetically engineered techniques. Newer techniques and technologies involving genetic modification and recombinant (r) deoxyribonucleic acid could be very helpful in the pursuit of significant improvements in food production and food supply, and biotechnology is a key part of this. Recent progress in genetic engineering, where it came from, the current trend, and its potential future are all discussed in this overview. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are major aspects of the industrial food system, and most packaged foods contain GMOs ingredients that have been bred to be resistant to pesticides and herbicides. There are a number of factors that raise red flags concerning GMOs, including safety, consequences on the environment and present ineffective employment of pesticides have also been considered. Furthermore, GMOs regulation and controversy among different scientists has also been discussed. Many individuals are concerned about GMOs, yet they may not fully grasp the concerns at hand. Therefore, the level of GMO knowledge revealed by this review can be calculated.
{"title":"Role of genetically modified organisms in food, crop production, their regulations, and controversy","authors":"Muhammad Sufhan Tahir, A. H. Gondal, Hira Tariq, Adeel Ijaz Shah, Muhammad Numan Ali, Zahid Asghar Bajwa","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Estimates suggest that over one-third of food is lost or wasted along the food supply chain, with significant environmental and economic effects. This is one of the primary problems with today’s food systems, along with decreased agricultural yield and food quality. Many people attribute the decline in output and the deterioration of food quality to a lack of technology and ignorance about modern technologies. As a result, scientists are working hard to find innovative solutions to these problems and create new food production methods to feed the world’s growing population. Increased agricultural yields and quality may be achieved in a variety of settings by employing genetically engineered techniques. Newer techniques and technologies involving genetic modification and recombinant (r) deoxyribonucleic acid could be very helpful in the pursuit of significant improvements in food production and food supply, and biotechnology is a key part of this. Recent progress in genetic engineering, where it came from, the current trend, and its potential future are all discussed in this overview. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are major aspects of the industrial food system, and most packaged foods contain GMOs ingredients that have been bred to be resistant to pesticides and herbicides. There are a number of factors that raise red flags concerning GMOs, including safety, consequences on the environment and present ineffective employment of pesticides have also been considered. Furthermore, GMOs regulation and controversy among different scientists has also been discussed. Many individuals are concerned about GMOs, yet they may not fully grasp the concerns at hand. Therefore, the level of GMO knowledge revealed by this review can be calculated.","PeriodicalId":503542,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140721416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0013
Geberemariyam Terefe, Mulugeta Walelegne
The main sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are enteric fermentation from ruminants and manure management. An integrated strategy-combination approach incorporating nutrition and manure management is necessary to dramatically reduce GHGs and the carbon footprint of milk production. The aim of this review was to assess the effect of climate action mitigation strategies on the GHG production of ruminant animals. This review was based on the different references, which are textbooks, journals, proceedings, conferences, and abstracts accessed through Agricola, Agris, CAB Abstracts, Embase, MEDLINE, and the Web of Science. The research findings were done by using dairy cattle, sheep, and goat; the numbers of animals used in each experiment were given the majority of attention, and decisions were also made based on the method used to quantify methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide. Enteric CH 4 per unit of milk was reduced by 6–8% when higher-starch corn silage was used in place of barley or alfalfa silage. Cows fed seaweed (1.77–2%, on dry matter [DM] basis) experienced a linear drop in enteric CH 4 emission from 383 to 400 g/d. Supplementation of vegetable fats (6%) and coconut oil (12 g/day) to ruminant diets can decrease CH 4 emissions by 21–40% and 50–61.2%, respectively. Similarly, the addition of 21.5 g nitrate/kg DM reduces CH 4 yield (17%) in sheep. Bovaer can reduce methane emissions (30%) for dairy cows. Feed processing and additives are alternative strategies to minimize GHG production in ruminants, but further studies on additives and their residual effect on livestock output is needed.
{"title":"Assessing the impact of climate action mitigation strategies from livestock production: A review – Solution for greenhouse gases mitigation","authors":"Geberemariyam Terefe, Mulugeta Walelegne","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The main sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are enteric fermentation from ruminants and manure management. An integrated strategy-combination approach incorporating nutrition and manure management is necessary to dramatically reduce GHGs and the carbon footprint of milk production. The aim of this review was to assess the effect of climate action mitigation strategies on the GHG production of ruminant animals. This review was based on the different references, which are textbooks, journals, proceedings, conferences, and abstracts accessed through Agricola, Agris, CAB Abstracts, Embase, MEDLINE, and the Web of Science. The research findings were done by using dairy cattle, sheep, and goat; the numbers of animals used in each experiment were given the majority of attention, and decisions were also made based on the method used to quantify methane (CH\u0000 4\u0000 ) and nitrous oxide. Enteric CH\u0000 4\u0000 per unit of milk was reduced by 6–8% when higher-starch corn silage was used in place of barley or alfalfa silage. Cows fed seaweed (1.77–2%, on dry matter [DM] basis) experienced a linear drop in enteric CH\u0000 4\u0000 emission from 383 to 400 g/d. Supplementation of vegetable fats (6%) and coconut oil (12 g/day) to ruminant diets can decrease CH\u0000 4\u0000 emissions by 21–40% and 50–61.2%, respectively. Similarly, the addition of 21.5 g nitrate/kg DM reduces CH\u0000 4\u0000 yield (17%) in sheep. Bovaer can reduce methane emissions (30%) for dairy cows. Feed processing and additives are alternative strategies to minimize GHG production in ruminants, but further studies on additives and their residual effect on livestock output is needed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503542,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140721348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0010
V. O. Omeje, O. D. Kolndadacha
African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, is among the important fish species cultured in sub-Saharan Africa. Because of the high stocking densities commonly seen in culture facilities, disease-causing organisms such as Aeromonas hydrophila is prevalent among cultured C. gariepinus . A. hydrophila is one of the Gram-negative bacteria commonly encountered in an aquatic environment worldwide. The organism has been associated with several disease conditions in fish including tail rot, fin rot and haemorrahagic septicaemia. The bacterium also infects a variety of aquatic, terrestrial and arboreal animals including man. The objective of this study was to systematically review the relevant literature on A. hydrophila infection in C. gariepinus . The study has analysed the current status of the disease, its epidemiology, clinical manifestations and pathology, and suggested methods to mitigate its impacts on fish production, especially in low-income developing countries.
{"title":"Motile aeromonas septicaemia infection in African catfish (\u0000 Clarias gariepinus\u0000 , Burchell, 1822): A review","authors":"V. O. Omeje, O. D. Kolndadacha","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 African catfish,\u0000 Clarias gariepinus,\u0000 is among the important fish species cultured in sub-Saharan Africa. Because of the high stocking densities commonly seen in culture facilities, disease-causing organisms such as\u0000 Aeromonas hydrophila\u0000 is prevalent among cultured\u0000 C. gariepinus\u0000 .\u0000 A. hydrophila\u0000 is one of the Gram-negative bacteria commonly encountered in an aquatic environment worldwide. The organism has been associated with several disease conditions in fish including tail rot, fin rot and haemorrahagic septicaemia. The bacterium also infects a variety of aquatic, terrestrial and arboreal animals including man. The objective of this study was to systematically review the relevant literature on\u0000 A. hydrophila\u0000 infection in\u0000 C. gariepinus\u0000 . The study has analysed the current status of the disease, its epidemiology, clinical manifestations and pathology, and suggested methods to mitigate its impacts on fish production, especially in low-income developing countries.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503542,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140744516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0009
Asma Afshari, R. Rezaee, Golshan Shakeri
Annually, numerous new cases of communicable and non-communicable diseases are diagnosed, and consumption of food/water contaminated with different levels of microbial and chemical agents is responsible for a considerable portion of this burden. Generally, acute foodborne diseases are readily identified, while chronic deleterious effects are often neglected and rarely blamed for health consequences. The present work narrates a journey from consuming foods containing bacteria/bacterial toxins to developing chronic diseases, making humans more susceptible to emerging diseases. We aim to shed light on the chronic effects of foodborne diseases, particularly gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), which are common chronic symptoms of most foodborne diseases.
{"title":"Foodborne pathogens and their association with well-known enteric infections and emerging non-communicable disorders","authors":"Asma Afshari, R. Rezaee, Golshan Shakeri","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Annually, numerous new cases of communicable and non-communicable diseases are diagnosed, and consumption of food/water contaminated with different levels of microbial and chemical agents is responsible for a considerable portion of this burden. Generally, acute foodborne diseases are readily identified, while chronic deleterious effects are often neglected and rarely blamed for health consequences. The present work narrates a journey from consuming foods containing bacteria/bacterial toxins to developing chronic diseases, making humans more susceptible to emerging diseases. We aim to shed light on the chronic effects of foodborne diseases, particularly gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), which are common chronic symptoms of most foodborne diseases.","PeriodicalId":503542,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140379606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0008
Cindy E. Morris, Andrea Radici, Christine N. Meynard, Nicolas Sauvion, C. Nédellec, G. Géniaux, S. Soubeyrand
One Health professes that the health of organisms is interconnected through the exploitation of planetary resources, trade, and transportation, in particular. The impetus for the emergence of this concept in the early 2000s was knowledge of the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases that put humans at risk to diseases carried by animals. In spite of the intended comprehensiveness of One Health, the place of plant health in this concept is vague, and few issues about plant health are debated in the scientific literature related to One Health. Here, we explore the history of concepts related to One Health in an attempt to understand why there is this schism between the plant sciences and the medical and veterinary sciences beyond the prism of zoonotic diseases. We illustrate the rich history of concepts in the plant sciences concerning the oneness of plants, animals and humans, and the debates about the definition and scope of sustainability that are precursors to One Health. These concepts continue to be foundations for research and development, particularly for food security and food safety. The emergence of these concepts from plant sciences was based on fundamental understanding of the food web – where plants are food for humans and animals whose digestive processes create important resources for plant growth and health. Yet, this latter part of the food web – recycling of manures in particular – was ruptured during modernization of agriculture. We explain how attaining sustainable One Health depends on restoring this part of the food web via soil stewardship, whose principal guarantors are the ensemble of actors in plant production.
{"title":"More than food: Why restoring the cycle of organic matter in sustainable plant production is essential for the One Health nexus","authors":"Cindy E. Morris, Andrea Radici, Christine N. Meynard, Nicolas Sauvion, C. Nédellec, G. Géniaux, S. Soubeyrand","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 One Health professes that the health of organisms is interconnected through the exploitation of planetary resources, trade, and transportation, in particular. The impetus for the emergence of this concept in the early 2000s was knowledge of the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases that put humans at risk to diseases carried by animals. In spite of the intended comprehensiveness of One Health, the place of plant health in this concept is vague, and few issues about plant health are debated in the scientific literature related to One Health. Here, we explore the history of concepts related to One Health in an attempt to understand why there is this schism between the plant sciences and the medical and veterinary sciences beyond the prism of zoonotic diseases. We illustrate the rich history of concepts in the plant sciences concerning the oneness of plants, animals and humans, and the debates about the definition and scope of sustainability that are precursors to One Health. These concepts continue to be foundations for research and development, particularly for food security and food safety. The emergence of these concepts from plant sciences was based on fundamental understanding of the food web – where plants are food for humans and animals whose digestive processes create important resources for plant growth and health. Yet, this latter part of the food web – recycling of manures in particular – was ruptured during modernization of agriculture. We explain how attaining sustainable One Health depends on restoring this part of the food web via soil stewardship, whose principal guarantors are the ensemble of actors in plant production.","PeriodicalId":503542,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140379082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0007
G. Gilardi, M. Pugliese, A. Garibaldi, M. Gullino
Vegetable crops are economically important throughout the world and they all share some common features, such as high value, globalisation of the seed market, continuous intensification and innovation of their production systems, the presence of a high number of crops and varieties, and a limited availability of chemical pesticides for their disease management. In this review, we focus on fungal plant pathogens, although several diseases caused by bacteria are becoming important. Many diseases caused by soilborne pathogens, such as Fusarium oxysporum (different formae speciales ), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum , Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium spp. and Phytophthora spp., become more severe over the last few years. Many of these diseases can be considered the consequence of the profound changes that soil disinfestation has undergone since the use of methyl bromide was prohibited in 2005. In the meantime, new hosts have been detected for diseases caused by foliar pathogens ( Alternaria spp., Stemphylium spp. Fusarium equiseti , Albifimbria verrucaria , Paramyrothecium roridum ), often as a consequence of climate change. The phytopathological situations of vegetable crops is discussed hereafter, with special emphasis on Italy, which is one of the most important vegetable production countries in Europe (not worldwide). The evolution of some diseases as a possible consequence of the current limitations in the use of chemicals, of the globalisation of the markets and/or of climate change is critically discussed. The disease management options that are currently available (e.g. the use of healthy planting material, host resistance, soil health, soilless systems, biological control, and integrated pest management) are discussed.
{"title":"Emerging vegetable crop diseases and their management options","authors":"G. Gilardi, M. Pugliese, A. Garibaldi, M. Gullino","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Vegetable crops are economically important throughout the world and they all share some common features, such as high value, globalisation of the seed market, continuous intensification and innovation of their production systems, the presence of a high number of crops and varieties, and a limited availability of chemical pesticides for their disease management. In this review, we focus on fungal plant pathogens, although several diseases caused by bacteria are becoming important. Many diseases caused by soilborne pathogens, such as\u0000 Fusarium oxysporum\u0000 (different\u0000 formae speciales\u0000 ),\u0000 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum\u0000 ,\u0000 Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium\u0000 spp. and\u0000 Phytophthora\u0000 spp., become more severe over the last few years. Many of these diseases can be considered the consequence of the profound changes that soil disinfestation has undergone since the use of methyl bromide was prohibited in 2005. In the meantime, new hosts have been detected for diseases caused by foliar pathogens (\u0000 Alternaria\u0000 spp.,\u0000 Stemphylium\u0000 spp.\u0000 Fusarium equiseti\u0000 ,\u0000 Albifimbria verrucaria\u0000 ,\u0000 Paramyrothecium roridum\u0000 ), often as a consequence of climate change. The phytopathological situations of vegetable crops is discussed hereafter, with special emphasis on Italy, which is one of the most important vegetable production countries in Europe (not worldwide). The evolution of some diseases as a possible consequence of the current limitations in the use of chemicals, of the globalisation of the markets and/or of climate change is critically discussed. The disease management options that are currently available (e.g. the use of healthy planting material, host resistance, soil health, soilless systems, biological control, and integrated pest management) are discussed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503542,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140262925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0006
S. Ibrahim-Olesin, Israel Ogunlade, Lateef Lawal Adefalu, Lateef Akanbi Ayandeji, L. Njoku
In Nigeria, several community development initiatives abound either through the government or donor agencies. Despite all these efforts, little concern has been placed on the security of rural dwellers. This has enabled incessant conflicts in rural communities, leading to the loss of lives and an overall negative effect on food production. This chapter employed different conflict and mediation theories to explain the causes, drivers, and ways to resolve the conflicts. Materials were sourced from top-tier databases, including reports and publications from the International Association of Chiefs of Police, the African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum, and other reliable sources. It found that conflicts in rural communities have resulted in the destruction of lives and livelihood assets, a reduction in crop yield and income, an increase in fear and ethno-religious stereotypes, food shortages and rape. It identified a partial implementation of community policing strategy but noted the centralization of power to the Nigerian Police Force as an impediment to its effectiveness. Worthy approaches to ensuring the effectiveness of community policing strategy as a panacea to crimes and rural conflicts are: constitutional redress; developing programs and needed resources; training and re-training of officers and partners; planning an effective strategy using civilian volunteers; aligning performance measures of officers and partners; demonstrating leadership and taking risks; and making changes to the organization of departments under the community policing structure. However, it recommends operational community policing that incorporates all actors in the states and local governments with reliable legal frameworks for securing the farm and rural farming communities in Nigeria.
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