Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0006
S. Ibrahim-Olesin, Israel Ogunlade, Lateef Lawal Adefalu, Lateef Akanbi Ayandeji, L. Njoku
In Nigeria, several community development initiatives abound either through the government or donor agencies. Despite all these efforts, little concern has been placed on the security of rural dwellers. This has enabled incessant conflicts in rural communities, leading to the loss of lives and an overall negative effect on food production. This chapter employed different conflict and mediation theories to explain the causes, drivers, and ways to resolve the conflicts. Materials were sourced from top-tier databases, including reports and publications from the International Association of Chiefs of Police, the African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum, and other reliable sources. It found that conflicts in rural communities have resulted in the destruction of lives and livelihood assets, a reduction in crop yield and income, an increase in fear and ethno-religious stereotypes, food shortages and rape. It identified a partial implementation of community policing strategy but noted the centralization of power to the Nigerian Police Force as an impediment to its effectiveness. Worthy approaches to ensuring the effectiveness of community policing strategy as a panacea to crimes and rural conflicts are: constitutional redress; developing programs and needed resources; training and re-training of officers and partners; planning an effective strategy using civilian volunteers; aligning performance measures of officers and partners; demonstrating leadership and taking risks; and making changes to the organization of departments under the community policing structure. However, it recommends operational community policing that incorporates all actors in the states and local governments with reliable legal frameworks for securing the farm and rural farming communities in Nigeria.
{"title":"Making community policing work: A panacea to crimes and rural conflicts in Nigeria","authors":"S. Ibrahim-Olesin, Israel Ogunlade, Lateef Lawal Adefalu, Lateef Akanbi Ayandeji, L. Njoku","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In Nigeria, several community development initiatives abound either through the government or donor agencies. Despite all these efforts, little concern has been placed on the security of rural dwellers. This has enabled incessant conflicts in rural communities, leading to the loss of lives and an overall negative effect on food production. This chapter employed different conflict and mediation theories to explain the causes, drivers, and ways to resolve the conflicts. Materials were sourced from top-tier databases, including reports and publications from the International Association of Chiefs of Police, the African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum, and other reliable sources. It found that conflicts in rural communities have resulted in the destruction of lives and livelihood assets, a reduction in crop yield and income, an increase in fear and ethno-religious stereotypes, food shortages and rape. It identified a partial implementation of community policing strategy but noted the centralization of power to the Nigerian Police Force as an impediment to its effectiveness. Worthy approaches to ensuring the effectiveness of community policing strategy as a panacea to crimes and rural conflicts are: constitutional redress; developing programs and needed resources; training and re-training of officers and partners; planning an effective strategy using civilian volunteers; aligning performance measures of officers and partners; demonstrating leadership and taking risks; and making changes to the organization of departments under the community policing structure. However, it recommends operational community policing that incorporates all actors in the states and local governments with reliable legal frameworks for securing the farm and rural farming communities in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":503542,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0002
Ebrahim Talebi, Maryam Khosravi Nezhad
In recent years, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) has markedly bolstered productivity, especially in agriculture, mitigating environmental impacts like greenhouse gas emissions. This shift employs a range of tech, like IT, sensors, robotics, and AI, boosting output while curbing negative effects. Challenges persist, notably food scarcity and climate threats for a growing global population. By 2050, two billion more people will need sustenance, necessitating urgent agricultural innovation. This article reviewed databases from 1985 to 2023 (Google Scholar, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge), analyzing AI’s role in agriculture. Keywords like AI, precision feeding, welfare, animal husbandry, and management were used for systematic literature review. Findings highlight AI’s pivotal role in addressing global food shortages. Investment in emerging tech, especially AI, is crucial for a sustainable food supply.
近年来，人工智能（AI）的融入显著提高了生产力，尤其是在农业领域，同时也减轻了温室气体排放等对环境的影响。这种转变采用了一系列技术，如信息技术、传感器、机器人和人工智能，在提高产量的同时抑制了负面影响。挑战依然存在，特别是不断增长的全球人口所面临的粮食短缺和气候威胁。到2050年，将有20多亿人需要温饱，因此迫切需要农业创新。本文查阅了 1985 年至 2023 年的数据库（Google Scholar、Scopus、ISI Web of Knowledge），分析了人工智能在农业中的作用。人工智能、精准饲喂、福利、畜牧业和管理等关键词被用于系统的文献综述。研究结果强调了人工智能在解决全球粮食短缺问题中的关键作用。投资新兴技术，尤其是人工智能，对于可持续的粮食供应至关重要。
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Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0002
Ebrahim Talebi, Maryam Khosravi Nezhad
In recent years, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) has markedly bolstered productivity, especially in agriculture, mitigating environmental impacts like greenhouse gas emissions. This shift employs a range of tech, like IT, sensors, robotics, and AI, boosting output while curbing negative effects. Challenges persist, notably food scarcity and climate threats for a growing global population. By 2050, two billion more people will need sustenance, necessitating urgent agricultural innovation. This article reviewed databases from 1985 to 2023 (Google Scholar, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge), analyzing AI’s role in agriculture. Keywords like AI, precision feeding, welfare, animal husbandry, and management were used for systematic literature review. Findings highlight AI’s pivotal role in addressing global food shortages. Investment in emerging tech, especially AI, is crucial for a sustainable food supply.
近年来，人工智能（AI）的融入显著提高了生产力，尤其是在农业领域，同时也减轻了温室气体排放等对环境的影响。这种转变采用了一系列技术，如信息技术、传感器、机器人和人工智能，在提高产量的同时抑制了负面影响。挑战依然存在，特别是不断增长的全球人口所面临的粮食短缺和气候威胁。到2050年，将有20多亿人需要温饱，因此迫切需要农业创新。本文查阅了 1985 年至 2023 年的数据库（Google Scholar、Scopus、ISI Web of Knowledge），分析了人工智能在农业中的作用。人工智能、精准饲喂、福利、畜牧业和管理等关键词被用于系统的文献综述。研究结果强调了人工智能在解决全球粮食短缺问题中的关键作用。投资新兴技术，尤其是人工智能，对于可持续的粮食供应至关重要。
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Increasing the dairy productivity of camels is an urgent task for many countries where these animals are of great importance as a source of dairy and meat. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and select heavy milk-producing camels for breeding by genotyping, studying the genealogical structure, and selecting related groups with high productivity. To achieve this goal, the number of camel herds in the south-western region of Kazakhstan was monitored during 2020–2022 to study their external characteristics, live weight dynamics, and milk productivity. As a result, it was found that in female camels for 12 months of lactation, the average daily milk yields of the Arvana breed were 7.4 kg, with milk yield for lactation of 2682.8 kg of milk, and in the Bactrian breed with average daily milk yields of 5.8 kg of milk, milk yield for lactation was 1186.3 kg. It was also revealed that the herds of Arvana camels have 15 breeders, and the herds of Bactrian camels have 14 breeders, which are characterised by a sufficient number of offspring for selection and breeding to improve the productive qualities of animals. In addition, it was found that in the herds of Arvana camels, the descendants of the breeders of “Tekele-lek”, “Kara-lek”, “Zhana-lek”, “Mayakum-lek”, “Yrys-lek” and “Shilikti-lek”, and in the herds of Bactrian camels, “Bal-bura”, “Kulsary-bura”, “Zhas-bura”, “Taushyk-II-bura”, “Sakon-bura”, “Konai-bura”, and “Kulandy-bura” noted high milk productivity. It was found that in the milk of camels of the Arvana breed, the content of nonfat milk solids was 8.3%, the density was 27.66 g/cm 3 , the acidity was 19 0 T, in the milk of the Bactrian breed, these indicators were, respectively: 8.23%, 27.81 g/cm, 3 and 19 0 T. The results obtained are of great practical importance, as they can be applied to create new methods and technologies for managing camel herds that will help increase their dairy productivity.
{"title":"Current state and ways to increase the dairy productivity of camels in the south-western region of the Republic of Kazakhstan","authors":"Nuradin Alibaev, Konysbay Abdullaev, Galymzhan Abuov, Meirambek Yermakhanov, Bakytzhan A. Azhibekov","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Increasing the dairy productivity of camels is an urgent task for many countries where these animals are of great importance as a source of dairy and meat. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and select heavy milk-producing camels for breeding by genotyping, studying the genealogical structure, and selecting related groups with high productivity. To achieve this goal, the number of camel herds in the south-western region of Kazakhstan was monitored during 2020–2022 to study their external characteristics, live weight dynamics, and milk productivity. As a result, it was found that in female camels for 12 months of lactation, the average daily milk yields of the Arvana breed were 7.4 kg, with milk yield for lactation of 2682.8 kg of milk, and in the Bactrian breed with average daily milk yields of 5.8 kg of milk, milk yield for lactation was 1186.3 kg. It was also revealed that the herds of Arvana camels have 15 breeders, and the herds of Bactrian camels have 14 breeders, which are characterised by a sufficient number of offspring for selection and breeding to improve the productive qualities of animals. In addition, it was found that in the herds of Arvana camels, the descendants of the breeders of “Tekele-lek”, “Kara-lek”, “Zhana-lek”, “Mayakum-lek”, “Yrys-lek” and “Shilikti-lek”, and in the herds of Bactrian camels, “Bal-bura”, “Kulsary-bura”, “Zhas-bura”, “Taushyk-II-bura”, “Sakon-bura”, “Konai-bura”, and “Kulandy-bura” noted high milk productivity. It was found that in the milk of camels of the Arvana breed, the content of nonfat milk solids was 8.3%, the density was 27.66 g/cm\u0000 3\u0000 , the acidity was 19\u0000 0\u0000 T, in the milk of the Bactrian breed, these indicators were, respectively: 8.23%, 27.81 g/cm,\u0000 3\u0000 and 19\u0000 0\u0000 T. The results obtained are of great practical importance, as they can be applied to create new methods and technologies for managing camel herds that will help increase their dairy productivity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":503542,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140483380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0003
Emre Yilmaz
Contact dermatitis (CD) represents a prevalent condition within the poultry industry, primarily afflicting the breast areas and extremities such as feet and hocks of poultry. It is caused by contact with hard surfaces or litter. CD detrimentally influences the welfare, growth parameters, and the meat quality of poultry. The disease progresses from skin discoloration to redness and swelling, eventually leading to ulcerative and necrotic lesions. Footpad dermatitis is the most frequently encountered variant, although other forms include breast blisters, breast buttons, breast burns, and hock burns. The majority of studies have focused on curing footpad dermatitis. Therefore, studies related to other forms of CD are limited. Because the birds’ feet have the most contact with the litter. CD causes reduced feed intake and body weight gain as well as a variety of disorders including lameness and weakness. Although numerous factors contribute to CD, nutrition is one of the most important. This article summarizes and discusses recent research on the effects of feed additives on CD incidence in broiler chickens and turkeys. Feed additives, one of the nutrition-related factors, have a variety of benefits in reducing the incidence of CD, but studies on the topic are sparse. Probiotics, prebiotics, phytobiotics, enzymes, and tannins, which were used as feed additives in these studies, appear to be beneficial for reducing the incidence of CD.
接触性皮炎（CD）是家禽业的一种常见病，主要发生在家禽的胸部和四肢，如脚和跗关节。它是由接触坚硬表面或粪便引起的。CD 对家禽的福利、生长参数和肉质都有不利影响。该病从皮肤变色发展到红肿，最终导致溃疡和坏死。蹄皮炎是最常见的变种，其他形式包括乳房水泡、乳房纽扣、乳房灼伤和跗关节灼伤。大多数研究都侧重于治疗足垫皮炎。因此，与其他形式的 CD 相关的研究非常有限。由于鸽子的脚与粪便接触最多。CD 会导致采食量和体重增加减少，以及包括跛足和虚弱在内的各种疾病。虽然导致 CD 的因素很多，但营养是最重要的因素之一。本文总结并讨论了饲料添加剂对肉鸡和火鸡 CD 发病率影响的最新研究。饲料添加剂是与营养相关的因素之一，对降低 CD 发病率有多种益处，但这方面的研究却很少。在这些研究中作为饲料添加剂使用的益生菌、益生元、植物生物素、酶和单宁酸似乎对降低 CD 发病率有益。
{"title":"Nutritional manipulations for preventing contact dermatitis in poultry – A review","authors":"Emre Yilmaz","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Contact dermatitis (CD) represents a prevalent condition within the poultry industry, primarily afflicting the breast areas and extremities such as feet and hocks of poultry. It is caused by contact with hard surfaces or litter. CD detrimentally influences the welfare, growth parameters, and the meat quality of poultry. The disease progresses from skin discoloration to redness and swelling, eventually leading to ulcerative and necrotic lesions. Footpad dermatitis is the most frequently encountered variant, although other forms include breast blisters, breast buttons, breast burns, and hock burns. The majority of studies have focused on curing footpad dermatitis. Therefore, studies related to other forms of CD are limited. Because the birds’ feet have the most contact with the litter. CD causes reduced feed intake and body weight gain as well as a variety of disorders including lameness and weakness. Although numerous factors contribute to CD, nutrition is one of the most important. This article summarizes and discusses recent research on the effects of feed additives on CD incidence in broiler chickens and turkeys. Feed additives, one of the nutrition-related factors, have a variety of benefits in reducing the incidence of CD, but studies on the topic are sparse. Probiotics, prebiotics, phytobiotics, enzymes, and tannins, which were used as feed additives in these studies, appear to be beneficial for reducing the incidence of CD.","PeriodicalId":503542,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140484050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0004
K. Udovychenko, I. Grynyk, I.H. Budzanivska, Larisa Garkava-Gustavsson, Oleksandr Yareshchenko
This study assesses the impact of ongoing Russian full-scale aggression in Ukraine, which started on 24 February 2022, on the fruit growing sector by examining damages, losses, and the broader consequences for the industry. The methodology of the research includes the analysis of open access reports and publications of specialized state and international institutions and expert and analytical reviews. Various aspects observed as the impacts of war actions, including the destruction of orchards, agricultural machinery, and storage facilities, are described. Indirect effects, such as market destabilization, increased production costs, and disruptions in export routes, were also explored. The study delves into the challenges faced by farmers, from shortages in labor to the decrease in the production of certified planting material. Despite these adverse factors, the Ukrainian fruit growing sector exhibits resilience and adaptability. The study also discusses ongoing recovery efforts, state grant programs, and international collaborations that offer prospects for growth, emphasizing the potential for recovery and adaptation amid the ongoing conflict.
{"title":"Maintaining continuity in the fruit growing sector in the context of the war in Ukraine","authors":"K. Udovychenko, I. Grynyk, I.H. Budzanivska, Larisa Garkava-Gustavsson, Oleksandr Yareshchenko","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2024.0004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study assesses the impact of ongoing Russian full-scale aggression in Ukraine, which started on 24 February 2022, on the fruit growing sector by examining damages, losses, and the broader consequences for the industry. The methodology of the research includes the analysis of open access reports and publications of specialized state and international institutions and expert and analytical reviews. Various aspects observed as the impacts of war actions, including the destruction of orchards, agricultural machinery, and storage facilities, are described. Indirect effects, such as market destabilization, increased production costs, and disruptions in export routes, were also explored. The study delves into the challenges faced by farmers, from shortages in labor to the decrease in the production of certified planting material. Despite these adverse factors, the Ukrainian fruit growing sector exhibits resilience and adaptability. The study also discusses ongoing recovery efforts, state grant programs, and international collaborations that offer prospects for growth, emphasizing the potential for recovery and adaptation amid the ongoing conflict.","PeriodicalId":503542,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140485230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0043
H. Aamer, Eman Nour, Ayman Refaie, Mohamed Youssef, M. El-Ashker
Although ozone has been used in veterinary medicine for more than 30 years, it is still inadequate and limited to certain areas and breeds. Medical ozone has gained popularity worldwide as current medical treatments have become more expensive, and there are growing concerns about antibiotic-resistant infections. In this review, we present current perspectives on the application of ozone in veterinary diseases, highlighting its mechanisms of action, how it is generated, and how it acts in living tissues. Furthermore, we address the impact of medical ozone on various diseases in animals, including renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. We also report the inherent biases and limitations of clinical studies and case series related to ozone therapy in veterinary medicine, without control groups. Although the information provided in this review is promising and confirms the potential of medical ozone therapy in the treatment of animal diseases, the accuracy of the results of this therapeutic modality is of vital importance in view of the objections identified in the authorization of ozone therapy and the existence of some limitations associated with relevant studies, which offer the possibility of potential biases.
{"title":"Current perspectives for the use of medical ozone in veterinary medicine","authors":"H. Aamer, Eman Nour, Ayman Refaie, Mohamed Youssef, M. El-Ashker","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0043","url":null,"abstract":"Although ozone has been used in veterinary medicine for more than 30 years, it is still inadequate and limited to certain areas and breeds. Medical ozone has gained popularity worldwide as current medical treatments have become more expensive, and there are growing concerns about antibiotic-resistant infections. In this review, we present current perspectives on the application of ozone in veterinary diseases, highlighting its mechanisms of action, how it is generated, and how it acts in living tissues. Furthermore, we address the impact of medical ozone on various diseases in animals, including renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. We also report the inherent biases and limitations of clinical studies and case series related to ozone therapy in veterinary medicine, without control groups. Although the information provided in this review is promising and confirms the potential of medical ozone therapy in the treatment of animal diseases, the accuracy of the results of this therapeutic modality is of vital importance in view of the objections identified in the authorization of ozone therapy and the existence of some limitations associated with relevant studies, which offer the possibility of potential biases.","PeriodicalId":503542,"journal":{"name":"CABI Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139169714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0032
L.R. Panchami, Nachiket Gudi, D. S. Patil
Overpopulation is a root cause that impedes food production and supply to the continuously growing population. Since agriculture is the primary source of food production, producers are inclined towards various unsustainable agriculture practices contributing to climate change. Therefore, sustainable agricultural practices have gained the spotlight to reduce the risk of climate change and increase crop yields. Specifically, South Asian countries take a significant hit with respect to agriculture and climate change because much of the population is earning their livelihood through agriculture. We conducted a comprehensive review to map different sustainable agriculture practices and understand how these practices impact climate change, the livelihood of farmers, and food security in South Asia. A systematic search carried out on PubMed (NCBI) and Scopus (Elsevier), resulted in the inclusion of 42 articles for analysis. The review identified agroforestry and organic farming as the most commonly used practices in the South Asian region, followed by zero tillage practices, use of hybrid seeds, residue and integrated pest management, and cropping systems. These sustainable agriculture practices ensure that sufficient food can be produced to feed the rising population with efficient use of natural resources. In addition, sustainable agriculture gains economic profitability for farmers and improved employment opportunities for women. Since sustainable agricultural practices are the best way forward, we recommend encouraging it by incentivizing the farmers. Due to contextual variations, future research can focus on identifying best practices for specific contexts.
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