With the rapid development of the Internet, the number of social media and e-commerce platforms increased dramatically. Users from all over world share their comments and sentiments on the Internet become a new tradition. Applying natural language processing technology to analyze the text on the Internet for mining the emotional tendencies has become the main way in the social public opinion monitoring and the after-sale feedback of manufactory. Thus, the study on text sentiment analysis has shown important social significance and commercial value. Sentiment analysis is a hot research topic in the field of natural language processing and data mining in recent ten years. The paper starts with the topic of "Sentiment Analysis using a CNN-BiLSTM deep model based on attention mechanism classification". First, it conducts an in-depth investigation on the current research status and commonly used algorithms at home and abroad, and briefly introduces and analyzes the current mainstream sentiment analysis methods. As a direction of machine learning, deep learning has become a hot research topic in emotion classification in the field of natural language processing. This paper uses deep learning models to study the sentiment classification problem of short and long text sentiment classification tasks. The main research contents are as follows. Firstly, Traditional neural network based short text classification algorithms for sentiment classification is easy to find the errors. The feature dimension is too high, and the feature information of the pool layer is lost, which leads to the loss of the details of the emotion vocabulary. To solve this problem, the Word Vector Model (Word2vec), Bidirectional Long-term and Short-term Memory networks (BiLSTM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) are combined in Quora dataset. The experiment shows that the accuracy of CNN-BiLSTM model associated with Word2vec word embedding achieved 91.48%. This proves that the hybrid network model performs better than the single structure neural network in short text. Convolutional neural network (CNN) models use convolutional layers and maximum pooling or max-overtime pooling layers to extract higher-level features, while LSTM models can capture long- term dependencies between words hence are better used for text classification. However, even with the hybrid approach that leverages the powers of these two deep-learning models, the number of features to remember for classification remains huge, hence hindering the training process. Secondly, we propose an attention based CNN-BiLSTM hybrid model that capitalize on the advantages of LSTM and CNN with an additional attention mechanism in IMDB movie reviews dataset. In the experiment, under the control of single variable of Data volume and Epoch, the proposed hybrid model was compared with the results of various indicators including recall, precision, F1 score and accuracy of CNN, LSTM and CNN-LSTM in long text. When the data size was
{"title":"Sentiment Analysis using a CNN-BiLSTM Deep Model Based on Attention Classification","authors":"Wang Yue, Li Lei","doi":"10.47880/inf2603-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47880/inf2603-02","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of the Internet, the number of social media and e-commerce platforms increased dramatically. Users from all over world share their comments and sentiments on the Internet become a new tradition. Applying natural language processing technology to analyze the text on the Internet for mining the emotional tendencies has become the main way in the social public opinion monitoring and the after-sale feedback of manufactory. Thus, the study on text sentiment analysis has shown important social significance and commercial value. Sentiment analysis is a hot research topic in the field of natural language processing and data mining in recent ten years. The paper starts with the topic of \"Sentiment Analysis using a CNN-BiLSTM deep model based on attention mechanism classification\". First, it conducts an in-depth investigation on the current research status and commonly used algorithms at home and abroad, and briefly introduces and analyzes the current mainstream sentiment analysis methods. As a direction of machine learning, deep learning has become a hot research topic in emotion classification in the field of natural language processing. This paper uses deep learning models to study the sentiment classification problem of short and long text sentiment classification tasks. The main research contents are as follows. Firstly, Traditional neural network based short text classification algorithms for sentiment classification is easy to find the errors. The feature dimension is too high, and the feature information of the pool layer is lost, which leads to the loss of the details of the emotion vocabulary. To solve this problem, the Word Vector Model (Word2vec), Bidirectional Long-term and Short-term Memory networks (BiLSTM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) are combined in Quora dataset. The experiment shows that the accuracy of CNN-BiLSTM model associated with Word2vec word embedding achieved 91.48%. This proves that the hybrid network model performs better than the single structure neural network in short text. Convolutional neural network (CNN) models use convolutional layers and maximum pooling or max-overtime pooling layers to extract higher-level features, while LSTM models can capture long- term dependencies between words hence are better used for text classification. However, even with the hybrid approach that leverages the powers of these two deep-learning models, the number of features to remember for classification remains huge, hence hindering the training process. Secondly, we propose an attention based CNN-BiLSTM hybrid model that capitalize on the advantages of LSTM and CNN with an additional attention mechanism in IMDB movie reviews dataset. In the experiment, under the control of single variable of Data volume and Epoch, the proposed hybrid model was compared with the results of various indicators including recall, precision, F1 score and accuracy of CNN, LSTM and CNN-LSTM in long text. When the data size was ","PeriodicalId":50362,"journal":{"name":"Information-An International Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135487387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to changes brought upon by covid in society, the aviation industry has also entered a new phase that is different from the early days of the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, this study aims to enhance our understanding of people's response to the COVID-19 pandemic and their perception regarding aviation safety. Specifically, the study investigates whether in-flight services focusing on sanitation and preventative measures against the virus alleviated negative emotions such as fear and anxiety among passengers, and how this affected their risk perception and group efficacy through cognitive value. To achieve the purpose of the study, an online survey was conducted in December 2021 of passengers with experience boarding aircraft after the COVID-19 outbreak, and 211 valid responses out of 308 were used for analysis. The analysis of the data revealed that in-flight services had a positive effect on cognitive value, which in turn had a positive effect on risk perception and collective efficacy among air passengers. The overall evaluation of in-flight services indicated that passengers now place a greater emphasis on hygiene and quarantine measures. Furthermore, there has been a notable promotion of passengers' efforts and attitudes towards not only ensuring their own safety but also the safety of others and society, which has resulted in a significant improvement in responsible behavior. Key Words: cognitive value, group-efficacy, collective efficacy, safety perception, inflight service, airline service quality
{"title":"A Study on the Changes in Safety Perception of Air Passengers in the Living with COVID-19 Era: The Case of South Korea","authors":"Kim Kyoung Eun, Jeon Seung Joon, Kim Jung Hee","doi":"10.47880/inf2603-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47880/inf2603-01","url":null,"abstract":"Due to changes brought upon by covid in society, the aviation industry has also entered a new phase that is different from the early days of the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, this study aims to enhance our understanding of people's response to the COVID-19 pandemic and their perception regarding aviation safety. Specifically, the study investigates whether in-flight services focusing on sanitation and preventative measures against the virus alleviated negative emotions such as fear and anxiety among passengers, and how this affected their risk perception and group efficacy through cognitive value. To achieve the purpose of the study, an online survey was conducted in December 2021 of passengers with experience boarding aircraft after the COVID-19 outbreak, and 211 valid responses out of 308 were used for analysis. The analysis of the data revealed that in-flight services had a positive effect on cognitive value, which in turn had a positive effect on risk perception and collective efficacy among air passengers. The overall evaluation of in-flight services indicated that passengers now place a greater emphasis on hygiene and quarantine measures. Furthermore, there has been a notable promotion of passengers' efforts and attitudes towards not only ensuring their own safety but also the safety of others and society, which has resulted in a significant improvement in responsible behavior. Key Words: cognitive value, group-efficacy, collective efficacy, safety perception, inflight service, airline service quality","PeriodicalId":50362,"journal":{"name":"Information-An International Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135488253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Most lives of modern people are full of stress. Stress management has become the essential element as well as the important part of health care for all. Among them, to student pilots who will have to control all the matters of aircraft and have responsibility for lives of passengers on board in the future, continuous stress is likely to cause problems in improving education quality and skills. Aim: The goal of this study is to identify various stressors of student pilots, to analyze how the stressors affect their self-efficacy and to improve their flight training in the end so that they can become desirable pilots in the future. Methods: In order to understand the effect of stress on self-efficacy of flight trainees, 218 men and 35 women were analyzed for frequency analysis, exploration factors analysis, technical statistics analysis, correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis using SPSS program 21.0. Results: Academic problems, Relationships with friends and Future problems are important factors on self-efficacy of flight trainees. Not only do they make flight trainees stressful, but they also have a negative effect on self-efficacy, potentially resulting in poor flight performance. Conclusion: Stress has had a negative effect on self-efficacy of flight trainees, which may result in the undesirable result of their future. We should try to reduce overall stress of flight trainees and improve their self-efficacy as much as possible. By doing so we can have a better future pilots and safer society. Key Words: Stress, Self-Efficacy, Flight Training, Student Pilot, Multiple Regression
{"title":"An Analysis of Effect of Stress on Self-Efficacy of Flight Trainees in Korea: Using Multiple Regression Analysis","authors":"Jeon Seung Joon, Park Beomsun, Kim Kyoung Eun","doi":"10.47880/inf2602-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47880/inf2602-04","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Most lives of modern people are full of stress. Stress management has become the essential element as well as the important part of health care for all. Among them, to student pilots who will have to control all the matters of aircraft and have responsibility for lives of passengers on board in the future, continuous stress is likely to cause problems in improving education quality and skills. Aim: The goal of this study is to identify various stressors of student pilots, to analyze how the stressors affect their self-efficacy and to improve their flight training in the end so that they can become desirable pilots in the future. Methods: In order to understand the effect of stress on self-efficacy of flight trainees, 218 men and 35 women were analyzed for frequency analysis, exploration factors analysis, technical statistics analysis, correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis using SPSS program 21.0. Results: Academic problems, Relationships with friends and Future problems are important factors on self-efficacy of flight trainees. Not only do they make flight trainees stressful, but they also have a negative effect on self-efficacy, potentially resulting in poor flight performance. Conclusion: Stress has had a negative effect on self-efficacy of flight trainees, which may result in the undesirable result of their future. We should try to reduce overall stress of flight trainees and improve their self-efficacy as much as possible. By doing so we can have a better future pilots and safer society. Key Words: Stress, Self-Efficacy, Flight Training, Student Pilot, Multiple Regression","PeriodicalId":50362,"journal":{"name":"Information-An International Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":"447 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135859908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to formulate a revitalization strategy for the affiliated fortress of the Ming Great Wall. The Adversarial Interpretive-Structure Model (AISM) extracts the opposite hierarchical rules and obtains a pair of simplified hierarchical topology graphs. The directed line segments in the adversarial hierarchical topology graph represent the interrelationships between the elements, which are presented in a topological hierarchy and can easily compare the advantages and disadvantages of the revitalization factors, which provides a basis for subsequent revitalization strategy formulation. The adversarial hierarchical topology graph provides a new method for conserving and reusing architectural heritage. Key Words: adversarial hierarchical topology graph, fortress, architectural heritage, conservation and reuse
{"title":"Research on the Revitalization of the Defensive Fortress of the Great Wall Based on the Adversarial Interpretive-Structure Model","authors":"Zhan Jingyi, Li Ming","doi":"10.47880/inf2602-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47880/inf2602-03","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to formulate a revitalization strategy for the affiliated fortress of the Ming Great Wall. The Adversarial Interpretive-Structure Model (AISM) extracts the opposite hierarchical rules and obtains a pair of simplified hierarchical topology graphs. The directed line segments in the adversarial hierarchical topology graph represent the interrelationships between the elements, which are presented in a topological hierarchy and can easily compare the advantages and disadvantages of the revitalization factors, which provides a basis for subsequent revitalization strategy formulation. The adversarial hierarchical topology graph provides a new method for conserving and reusing architectural heritage. Key Words: adversarial hierarchical topology graph, fortress, architectural heritage, conservation and reuse","PeriodicalId":50362,"journal":{"name":"Information-An International Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135859581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is no doubt that promoting green economy is the only option for the sustainable development. This paper provides a fundamental framework for economic studies on designing green policies that have many links with green technologies and environmental ethics. It also proposes a new theory of “pollution abatement stages model” in order to interpret how to improve environmental quality in a more efficient and effective way. For an intuitive understanding, we use more graphs instead of complicated mathematical equations to demonstrate ideas and the new theory. Key Words: green technologies, environmental ethics, green policies, pollution abatement stages model
{"title":"Going Back to the Basic of Green Economy： Special Reference to Economic Interpretation and Policies","authors":"Gao Wen, Chen Yuanyuan, Chen Wei, Wang Yutong","doi":"10.47880/inf2602-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47880/inf2602-02","url":null,"abstract":"It is no doubt that promoting green economy is the only option for the sustainable development. This paper provides a fundamental framework for economic studies on designing green policies that have many links with green technologies and environmental ethics. It also proposes a new theory of “pollution abatement stages model” in order to interpret how to improve environmental quality in a more efficient and effective way. For an intuitive understanding, we use more graphs instead of complicated mathematical equations to demonstrate ideas and the new theory. Key Words: green technologies, environmental ethics, green policies, pollution abatement stages model","PeriodicalId":50362,"journal":{"name":"Information-An International Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135859579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper deals with a capacitated asymmetric allocation hub location problem (CAAHLP). We determine the number of hubs, the locations of hubs, and asymmetric allocation of non-hub nodes to hub with the objective of minimum total transportation costs satisfying the required service level. To solve the problem optimally, we present a 0-1 integer programming model and find an optimal solution using CPLEX. As the CAAHLP has impractically demanding for the large-sized problem, a solution method based on combined ant colony optimization algorithm and genetic algorithm is developed which solve hub location problem and node allocation problem respectively. We investigate performance of the proposed solution method through the comparative study. Key Words: Hub Location, Asymmetric Allocation, Ant Colony Optimization, Genetic Algorithm
{"title":"A Hybridization Approach to Solve the Capacitated Asymmetric Allocation Hub Location Problem","authors":"Sun Ji Ung","doi":"10.47880/inf2602-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47880/inf2602-01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with a capacitated asymmetric allocation hub location problem (CAAHLP). We determine the number of hubs, the locations of hubs, and asymmetric allocation of non-hub nodes to hub with the objective of minimum total transportation costs satisfying the required service level. To solve the problem optimally, we present a 0-1 integer programming model and find an optimal solution using CPLEX. As the CAAHLP has impractically demanding for the large-sized problem, a solution method based on combined ant colony optimization algorithm and genetic algorithm is developed which solve hub location problem and node allocation problem respectively. We investigate performance of the proposed solution method through the comparative study. Key Words: Hub Location, Asymmetric Allocation, Ant Colony Optimization, Genetic Algorithm","PeriodicalId":50362,"journal":{"name":"Information-An International Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135859909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The core of marketing strategies in the service industry is to increase customer retention rates as much as possible by increasing customer loyalty. In particular, due to the own nature of the aviation industry which is sensitive to external factors of the rapidly changing world, one of the important strategic goals to occupy a firm competitive advantage is securing regular customers such as "Loyal Customer." The purpose of this study is to find out not only the price competitiveness of airlines but also the influence among relationship commitment, brand attachment, and relationship persistence intention in order to survive the fierce competition in the airline industry. Based on that, it is intended to develop strategies that can be used to maintain existing customers and attract new customers to find ways to be more competitive for each airline. The questionnaire consisted of four factors: Frequent flyer programs, relationship immersion, brand attachment, and relationship persistence intention and the survey subjects were passengers using airlines. Statistical processing of the collected data was analyzed using the SPSS v. 25.0 statistical package program. It was found that the relationship immersion according to the frequent flyer programs affected both the love dimension and the solidarity dimension factors of brand attachment. In addition, it was found that both emotional immersion and computational immersion, which are sub-factors of relationship immersion, had a significant effect on relationship persistence intention. The detailed factors of the frequent flyer programs to improve the relationship immersion of airlines were identified and the factors affecting the relationship persistence intention were identified. Also, it was confirmed that relationship immersion was an essential factor to increase brand attachment and relationship persistence intention of customers to the airlines. Through this, this study would contribute to play a big role in developing strategies that can be used to maintain existing customers and attract new customers, and presenting a framework for utilizing existing customer relationship marketing. Key Words: Relationship immersion, relationship commitment, Brand attachment, relationship persistence intention, frequent flyer programs, emotional immersion, computational immersion
服务行业营销策略的核心是通过提高客户忠诚度来尽可能地提高客户保留率。特别是，由于航空业自身的性质，对瞬息万变的世界的外部因素很敏感，占据公司竞争优势的重要战略目标之一是确保固定客户，如“忠诚客户”。本研究的目的在于找出航空公司的价格竞争力，以及关系承诺、品牌依恋、关系坚持意愿三者之间的影响，以便在激烈的航空业竞争中生存下来。在此基础上，旨在制定可用于维持现有客户和吸引新客户的策略，以找到每个航空公司更具竞争力的方法。问卷由飞行常客计划、关系沉浸、品牌依恋和关系持续意愿四个因素组成，调查对象为使用航空公司的旅客。采用SPSS v. 25.0统计软件包程序对收集的数据进行统计处理。研究发现，基于飞行常客计划的关系沉浸对品牌依恋的爱维度和团结维度均有影响。此外，研究发现情感沉浸和计算沉浸作为关系沉浸的子因素，对关系持续倾向均有显著影响。找出航空公司常旅客计划提升关系沉浸度的具体因素，并找出影响关系持续意愿的因素。关系沉浸是提高客户对航空公司品牌依恋和关系持续意愿的重要因素。通过此研究，本研究将有助于制定可用于维持现有客户和吸引新客户的策略，并提出一个利用现有客户关系营销的框架。关键词:关系沉浸、关系承诺、品牌依恋、关系持续意向、飞行常客计划、情感沉浸、计算沉浸
{"title":"The Effect of Airline Relationship Immersion on Brand Attachment and Relationship Persistence Intention in Korea – Focused on the Frequent Flyer Programs","authors":"Kim Jung Hee, Jeon Seung Joon, Kim Kyong Eun","doi":"10.47880/inf2601-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47880/inf2601-02","url":null,"abstract":"The core of marketing strategies in the service industry is to increase customer retention rates as much as possible by increasing customer loyalty. In particular, due to the own nature of the aviation industry which is sensitive to external factors of the rapidly changing world, one of the important strategic goals to occupy a firm competitive advantage is securing regular customers such as \"Loyal Customer.\" The purpose of this study is to find out not only the price competitiveness of airlines but also the influence among relationship commitment, brand attachment, and relationship persistence intention in order to survive the fierce competition in the airline industry. Based on that, it is intended to develop strategies that can be used to maintain existing customers and attract new customers to find ways to be more competitive for each airline. The questionnaire consisted of four factors: Frequent flyer programs, relationship immersion, brand attachment, and relationship persistence intention and the survey subjects were passengers using airlines. Statistical processing of the collected data was analyzed using the SPSS v. 25.0 statistical package program. It was found that the relationship immersion according to the frequent flyer programs affected both the love dimension and the solidarity dimension factors of brand attachment. In addition, it was found that both emotional immersion and computational immersion, which are sub-factors of relationship immersion, had a significant effect on relationship persistence intention. The detailed factors of the frequent flyer programs to improve the relationship immersion of airlines were identified and the factors affecting the relationship persistence intention were identified. Also, it was confirmed that relationship immersion was an essential factor to increase brand attachment and relationship persistence intention of customers to the airlines. Through this, this study would contribute to play a big role in developing strategies that can be used to maintain existing customers and attract new customers, and presenting a framework for utilizing existing customer relationship marketing. Key Words: Relationship immersion, relationship commitment, Brand attachment, relationship persistence intention, frequent flyer programs, emotional immersion, computational immersion","PeriodicalId":50362,"journal":{"name":"Information-An International Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135748199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
lt is well known that the Collatz Conjecture is one of the unsolved problems in mathematics. Supercomputer simulation has confirmed that the Collatz conjecture is correct for all positive integers unti1 2.95*10^20. Recently, Terence Tao proved that almost all orbits of the Collatz map attain almost bounded values. It is to say that the Collatz conjecture is almost correct for almost all positive integers. This paper proposes an asymptotic approach for the Collatz Conjecture by the mathematical induction and probability theory. The result of this paper means that the Collatz conjecture is correct for almost all positive integers. Keywords: Collatz Conjecture, asymptotic approach, probability, mathematical induction.
{"title":"An Asymptotic Approach for the Collatz Conjecture","authors":"Li Lei","doi":"10.47880/inf2601-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47880/inf2601-01","url":null,"abstract":"lt is well known that the Collatz Conjecture is one of the unsolved problems in mathematics. Supercomputer simulation has confirmed that the Collatz conjecture is correct for all positive integers unti1 2.95*10^20. Recently, Terence Tao proved that almost all orbits of the Collatz map attain almost bounded values. It is to say that the Collatz conjecture is almost correct for almost all positive integers. This paper proposes an asymptotic approach for the Collatz Conjecture by the mathematical induction and probability theory. The result of this paper means that the Collatz conjecture is correct for almost all positive integers. Keywords: Collatz Conjecture, asymptotic approach, probability, mathematical induction.","PeriodicalId":50362,"journal":{"name":"Information-An International Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135748197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examine the number of people infected with COVID-19 in Japan from March 1st, 2020 to November 19th, 2022. To estimate the trends of infected people, we introduce a ratio defined by the number of "Positive" people to "Tested" people. The bar graphs of the ratios increase rapidly from November, 2021. We divide the ratios into 3 intervals (increasing, decreasing, and oscillating) along the time series and evaluate the fitting curve for each interval. Mathematica built-in function named FindFit is applied to calculate the coefficients of the curve. When FindFit does not converge within the given iteration times, we slightly change the initial value, reverse the sign of the coefficients of the curve, or increase the number of parameters for the curve. As the results, the number of iteration times and the residual errors are reduced. Keywords : COVID-19, PCR tested, Tested positive, Ratio, Week sum, Sinc(x), Nonlinear curve
{"title":"Fitting a Nonlinear Curve to the Ratio (Positive/Tested) of COVID-19 in Japan","authors":"Tsai Cheng-Yen, Tanaka Yuki, Igarashi Masao","doi":"10.47880/inf2601-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47880/inf2601-04","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the number of people infected with COVID-19 in Japan from March 1st, 2020 to November 19th, 2022. To estimate the trends of infected people, we introduce a ratio defined by the number of \"Positive\" people to \"Tested\" people. The bar graphs of the ratios increase rapidly from November, 2021. We divide the ratios into 3 intervals (increasing, decreasing, and oscillating) along the time series and evaluate the fitting curve for each interval. Mathematica built-in function named FindFit is applied to calculate the coefficients of the curve. When FindFit does not converge within the given iteration times, we slightly change the initial value, reverse the sign of the coefficients of the curve, or increase the number of parameters for the curve. As the results, the number of iteration times and the residual errors are reduced. Keywords : COVID-19, PCR tested, Tested positive, Ratio, Week sum, Sinc(x), Nonlinear curve","PeriodicalId":50362,"journal":{"name":"Information-An International Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135748198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Information orders play a central role in the mathematical foundations of Computer Science. Concretely, they are a suitable tool to describe processes in which the information increases successively in each step of the computation. In order to provide numerical quantifications of the amount of information in the aforementioned processes, S.G. Matthews introduced the notions of partial metric and Scott-like topology. The success of partial metrics is given mainly by two facts. On the one hand, they can induce the so-called specialization partial order, which is able to encode the existing order structure in many examples of spaces that arise in a natural way in Computer Science. On the other hand, their associated topology is Scott-like when the partial metric space is complete and, thus, it is able to describe the aforementioned increasing information processes in such a way that the supremum of the sequence always exists and captures the amount of information, measured by the partial metric; it also contains no information other than that which may be derived from the members of the sequence. R. Heckmann showed that the method to induce the partial order associated with a partial metric could be retrieved as a particular case of a celebrated method for generating partial orders through metrics and non-negative real-valued functions. Motivated by this fact, we explore this general method from an information orders theory viewpoint. Specifically, we show that such a method captures the essence of information orders in such a way that the function under consideration is able to quantify the amount of information and, in addition, its measurement can be used to distinguish maximal elements. Moreover, we show that this method for endowing a metric space with a partial order can also be applied to partial metric spaces in order to generate new partial orders different from the specialization one. Furthermore, we show that given a complete metric space and an inf-continuous function, the partially ordered set induced by this general method enjoys rich properties. Concretely, we will show not only its order-completeness but the directed-completeness and, in addition, that the topology induced by the metric is Scott-like. Therefore, such a mathematical structure could be used for developing metric-based tools for modeling increasing information processes in Computer Science. As a particular case of our new results, we retrieve, for a complete partial metric space, the above-explained celebrated fact about the Scott-like character of the associated topology and, in addition, that the induced partial ordered set is directed-complete and not only order-complete.
{"title":"On Information Orders on Metric Spaces","authors":"Oliver Olela Otafudu, Ó. Valero","doi":"10.3390/INFO12100427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/INFO12100427","url":null,"abstract":"Information orders play a central role in the mathematical foundations of Computer Science. Concretely, they are a suitable tool to describe processes in which the information increases successively in each step of the computation. In order to provide numerical quantifications of the amount of information in the aforementioned processes, S.G. Matthews introduced the notions of partial metric and Scott-like topology. The success of partial metrics is given mainly by two facts. On the one hand, they can induce the so-called specialization partial order, which is able to encode the existing order structure in many examples of spaces that arise in a natural way in Computer Science. On the other hand, their associated topology is Scott-like when the partial metric space is complete and, thus, it is able to describe the aforementioned increasing information processes in such a way that the supremum of the sequence always exists and captures the amount of information, measured by the partial metric; it also contains no information other than that which may be derived from the members of the sequence. R. Heckmann showed that the method to induce the partial order associated with a partial metric could be retrieved as a particular case of a celebrated method for generating partial orders through metrics and non-negative real-valued functions. Motivated by this fact, we explore this general method from an information orders theory viewpoint. Specifically, we show that such a method captures the essence of information orders in such a way that the function under consideration is able to quantify the amount of information and, in addition, its measurement can be used to distinguish maximal elements. Moreover, we show that this method for endowing a metric space with a partial order can also be applied to partial metric spaces in order to generate new partial orders different from the specialization one. Furthermore, we show that given a complete metric space and an inf-continuous function, the partially ordered set induced by this general method enjoys rich properties. Concretely, we will show not only its order-completeness but the directed-completeness and, in addition, that the topology induced by the metric is Scott-like. Therefore, such a mathematical structure could be used for developing metric-based tools for modeling increasing information processes in Computer Science. As a particular case of our new results, we retrieve, for a complete partial metric space, the above-explained celebrated fact about the Scott-like character of the associated topology and, in addition, that the induced partial ordered set is directed-complete and not only order-complete.","PeriodicalId":50362,"journal":{"name":"Information-An International Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77860839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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