When facilitating other species and sustaining plant community structures and biodiversity, alpine cushion plants simultaneously experience negative feedback effects from surrounding vegetation. However, the impact of surrounding vegetation on cushion dynamics remains poorly understood, particularly in terms of allelopathic potentials. To investigate the allelopathic potentials of surrounding vegetation on seedling establishment of the typical cushion plant Arenaria polytrichoides Edgew. along an elevational gradient, we extracted potential allelopathic compounds and tested their impacts on seed germination and seedling growth of A. polytrichoides. In addition, exclusion experiments using activated carbon were conducted to further elucidate these effects. Our results demonstrate that surrounding vegetation exhibits certain allelopathic potentials on A. polytrichoides seedling establishment, with variations observed based on elevation, source and concentration of allelopathy compounds, as well as growing season. Specifically, low-elevation vegetation exerts pronounced suppression on seedling establishment. Conversely, higher-elevation vegetation generally show no effect on seed germination but stimulates seedling growth through allelopathy mechanisms. Moreover, aboveground vegetation predominantly inhibits both seed germination and seedling growth in low-elevation community; however, the effects of belowground vegetation depend on elevation and extract concentration levels. The identified allelopathic potentials of surrounding vegetation significantly influence the population dynamics of cushion A. polytrichoides by potentially accelerating population degeneration in lower-elevation communities while ensuring consistent population recruitment and expansion in higher-elevation communities.
在为其他物种提供便利、维持植物群落结构和生物多样性的同时，高山垫状植物也会受到周围植被的负面反馈影响。然而，人们对周围植被对垫状植物动态的影响仍然知之甚少，特别是在等位病理潜力方面。为了研究周围植被对典型垫状植物 Arenaria polytrichoides Edgew.在海拔梯度上的幼苗生长的等位疗法潜力，我们提取了潜在的等位疗法化合物，并测试了它们对 A. polytrichoides 种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。此外，我们还使用活性炭进行了排除实验，以进一步阐明这些影响。我们的研究结果表明，周围的植被对多刺卷柏幼苗的生长具有一定的等位潜力，并根据海拔高度、等位化合物的来源和浓度以及生长季节的不同而有所变化。具体来说，低海拔植被对幼苗生长有明显的抑制作用。相反，海拔较高的植被一般对种子萌发没有影响，但会通过等位植病机制刺激幼苗生长。此外，在低海拔群落中，地上植被主要抑制种子萌发和幼苗生长；而地下植被的影响则取决于海拔高度和提取物浓度水平。已确定的周围植被的等位潜能极大地影响了多刺蔺草的种群动态，可能会加速低海拔群落中的种群退化，同时确保高海拔群落中种群的持续招募和扩展。
{"title":"Allelopathic potentials of surrounding vegetation on seedling establishment of alpine cushion Arenaria polytrichoides Edgew","authors":"Xufang Chen, Lishen Qian, Honghua Shi, Ya-Zhou Zhang, Minshu Song, Hang Sun, Jianguo Chen","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtae026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtae026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 When facilitating other species and sustaining plant community structures and biodiversity, alpine cushion plants simultaneously experience negative feedback effects from surrounding vegetation. However, the impact of surrounding vegetation on cushion dynamics remains poorly understood, particularly in terms of allelopathic potentials. To investigate the allelopathic potentials of surrounding vegetation on seedling establishment of the typical cushion plant Arenaria polytrichoides Edgew. along an elevational gradient, we extracted potential allelopathic compounds and tested their impacts on seed germination and seedling growth of A. polytrichoides. In addition, exclusion experiments using activated carbon were conducted to further elucidate these effects. Our results demonstrate that surrounding vegetation exhibits certain allelopathic potentials on A. polytrichoides seedling establishment, with variations observed based on elevation, source and concentration of allelopathy compounds, as well as growing season. Specifically, low-elevation vegetation exerts pronounced suppression on seedling establishment. Conversely, higher-elevation vegetation generally show no effect on seed germination but stimulates seedling growth through allelopathy mechanisms. Moreover, aboveground vegetation predominantly inhibits both seed germination and seedling growth in low-elevation community; however, the effects of belowground vegetation depend on elevation and extract concentration levels. The identified allelopathic potentials of surrounding vegetation significantly influence the population dynamics of cushion A. polytrichoides by potentially accelerating population degeneration in lower-elevation communities while ensuring consistent population recruitment and expansion in higher-elevation communities.","PeriodicalId":503671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":"23 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140727015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zheng Cheng, Zhang Fei, Lin Ziqi, Liuhuan Yuan, Hongbin Yan, Gaohui Duan, Yandan Liu, Yangyang Liu, Haijing Shi, Zhongming Wen
Functional traits play a vital role in mediating the responses of ecosystem services to environmental changes and in predicting functioning of ecosystem. However, the connection between functional traits and ecosystem services has become increasingly intricate due to climate change and human activities for degraded ecosystems. To investigate this relationship, we selected 27 sampling sites in the Yanhe River Basin of the Chinese Loess Plateau, each containing two types of vegetation ecosystems: natural vegetation and artificial vegetation ecosystem. At each sampling site, we measured ecosystem services and calculated the composition index of community traits. We established a response-effect trait framework that included environmental factors such as climate, elevation, and human activities. Our results showed that leaf tissue density (LTD) was the overlapping response and effect trait when responding to climate change. LTD is positively correlated with mean annual temperature and negatively correlated with supporting services. Under the influence of human activities, leaf nitrogen content (LNC) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) were carriers of environmental change. Comparing the two vegetation ecosystems, the relationship between functional traits and ecosystem services showed divergent patterns, indicating that human activities increased the uncertainty of the relationship between functional traits and ecosystem services. Trait-based ecology holds promise for enhancing predictions of ecosystem services responses to environmental changes. However, the predictive ability is influenced by the complexity of environmental changes. In conclusion, our study highlights the importance of understanding the complex connection between functional traits and ecosystem services in response to climate changes and human activities.
{"title":"Using the response-effect trait framework to disentangle the effects of climate change and human activities on the provision of ecosystem services by vegetation","authors":"Zheng Cheng, Zhang Fei, Lin Ziqi, Liuhuan Yuan, Hongbin Yan, Gaohui Duan, Yandan Liu, Yangyang Liu, Haijing Shi, Zhongming Wen","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtae024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtae024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Functional traits play a vital role in mediating the responses of ecosystem services to environmental changes and in predicting functioning of ecosystem. However, the connection between functional traits and ecosystem services has become increasingly intricate due to climate change and human activities for degraded ecosystems. To investigate this relationship, we selected 27 sampling sites in the Yanhe River Basin of the Chinese Loess Plateau, each containing two types of vegetation ecosystems: natural vegetation and artificial vegetation ecosystem. At each sampling site, we measured ecosystem services and calculated the composition index of community traits. We established a response-effect trait framework that included environmental factors such as climate, elevation, and human activities. Our results showed that leaf tissue density (LTD) was the overlapping response and effect trait when responding to climate change. LTD is positively correlated with mean annual temperature and negatively correlated with supporting services. Under the influence of human activities, leaf nitrogen content (LNC) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) were carriers of environmental change. Comparing the two vegetation ecosystems, the relationship between functional traits and ecosystem services showed divergent patterns, indicating that human activities increased the uncertainty of the relationship between functional traits and ecosystem services. Trait-based ecology holds promise for enhancing predictions of ecosystem services responses to environmental changes. However, the predictive ability is influenced by the complexity of environmental changes. In conclusion, our study highlights the importance of understanding the complex connection between functional traits and ecosystem services in response to climate changes and human activities.","PeriodicalId":503671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":"26 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140736782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lumeng Xie, Jiakai Liu, Yi Li, Peisheng Huang, Matt Hipsey, Mingxiang Zhang, Zhenming Zhang
The protection and management of the wetland should consider the changes in hydrological connectivity caused by the structural modifications of the soil macropores. The main purpose of our work is to clarify and quantify the influence of the soil macropores volume on vertical soil hydrodynamic process mechanically and statistically by taking the form of a case-study in Yellow River Delta (YRD), and further reveal the vertical hydrological connectivity in this area. Based on X-ray computed tomography (CT) and constant head permeability test, the results showed a highly spatial heterogeneity of the soil structure in the YRD, hydraulic parameter (Ks) was negatively correlated with bulk density (BD) and positively with soil macropore volume, soil aeration (SA), and maximum water capacity (MWC). Using Hydrus 1-D software and the Green-Ampt model, we estimated the characteristics of hydrodynamic process in the soil without macropores, then evaluated the effect of the soil macropore on soil hydrological connectivity by comparing the experimental results with the simulation results. We found that increasing soil microporosity improved the convenience of water movement, which would enhance the hydrological connectivity of the region. The results will further help to reveal the eco-hydrological process at vertical scale in soil and provide a theoretical guide for wetland conservation and restoration.
湿地的保护和管理应考虑土壤大孔结构变化引起的水文连通性变化。我们工作的主要目的是通过黄河三角洲（YRD）案例研究的形式，从力学和统计学角度阐明和量化土壤大孔体积对土壤垂直水动力过程的影响，并进一步揭示该地区的垂直水文连通性。基于 X 射线计算机断层扫描（CT）和恒定水头渗透试验，结果表明黄河三角洲土壤结构具有高度空间异质性，水力参数（Ks）与容重（BD）呈负相关，与土壤大孔体积、土壤通气性（SA）和最大容水量（MWC）呈正相关。利用 Hydrus 1-D 软件和 Green-Ampt 模型，我们估算了无大孔隙土壤的水动力过程特征，然后通过比较实验结果和模拟结果，评估了土壤大孔隙对土壤水文连通性的影响。我们发现，增加土壤微孔可提高水流运动的便利性，从而增强该区域的水文连通性。研究结果将有助于进一步揭示土壤垂直尺度的生态水文过程，为湿地保护与恢复提供理论指导。
{"title":"Soil macropores induced by plant root as a driver for vertical hydrological connectivity in Yellow River Delta","authors":"Lumeng Xie, Jiakai Liu, Yi Li, Peisheng Huang, Matt Hipsey, Mingxiang Zhang, Zhenming Zhang","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtae019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtae019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The protection and management of the wetland should consider the changes in hydrological connectivity caused by the structural modifications of the soil macropores. The main purpose of our work is to clarify and quantify the influence of the soil macropores volume on vertical soil hydrodynamic process mechanically and statistically by taking the form of a case-study in Yellow River Delta (YRD), and further reveal the vertical hydrological connectivity in this area. Based on X-ray computed tomography (CT) and constant head permeability test, the results showed a highly spatial heterogeneity of the soil structure in the YRD, hydraulic parameter (Ks) was negatively correlated with bulk density (BD) and positively with soil macropore volume, soil aeration (SA), and maximum water capacity (MWC). Using Hydrus 1-D software and the Green-Ampt model, we estimated the characteristics of hydrodynamic process in the soil without macropores, then evaluated the effect of the soil macropore on soil hydrological connectivity by comparing the experimental results with the simulation results. We found that increasing soil microporosity improved the convenience of water movement, which would enhance the hydrological connectivity of the region. The results will further help to reveal the eco-hydrological process at vertical scale in soil and provide a theoretical guide for wetland conservation and restoration.","PeriodicalId":503671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140744113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanhua Zhu, Ji Zheng, Hongzhang Kang, Nan Hui, Shan Yin, Zhicheng Chen, Baoming Du, Chunjiang Liu
Leaf trichomes are derived from epidermal cells and serve an important function in regulating leaf heat balance and gas exchange. Variation in leaf functional traits is critical for predicting how plants will react to global climate change. In this study, we aimed to investigate how leaf trichome densities vary along large geographic gradients and how they interact with with stomata in response to environmental change. We investigated the leaf trichome densities of 44 Quercus variabilis populations in Eastern Asia (24° to 51.8° N, 99° to 137° E) and their correlation with climatic factors and stomatal traits. In addition, 15 populations were grown in a common garden to study their adaptive variation and coordination with stomata. The mean value of trichome density in situ conditions was 459.78 trichome mm-2 with a range of 325.79 to 552.38 trichome mm-2. Trichome density increased with latitude and decreased with longitude. Both temperature and precipitation reduced the trichome density. Moreover, trichome density was positively correlated with stomatal density whether in situ or in the common garden, and both increased with drought. Our results suggested that leaf trichomes possess highly adaptive variation and are in close coordination with stomata in response to climate change. Our findings provide new insights toward elucidating the interactions between leaf traits and the adaptive strategies of plants under climate change.
{"title":"Spatial variations in leaf trichomes and their coordination with stomata in Quercus variabilis across Eastern Asia","authors":"Yanhua Zhu, Ji Zheng, Hongzhang Kang, Nan Hui, Shan Yin, Zhicheng Chen, Baoming Du, Chunjiang Liu","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtae023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtae023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Leaf trichomes are derived from epidermal cells and serve an important function in regulating leaf heat balance and gas exchange. Variation in leaf functional traits is critical for predicting how plants will react to global climate change. In this study, we aimed to investigate how leaf trichome densities vary along large geographic gradients and how they interact with with stomata in response to environmental change. We investigated the leaf trichome densities of 44 Quercus variabilis populations in Eastern Asia (24° to 51.8° N, 99° to 137° E) and their correlation with climatic factors and stomatal traits. In addition, 15 populations were grown in a common garden to study their adaptive variation and coordination with stomata. The mean value of trichome density in situ conditions was 459.78 trichome mm-2 with a range of 325.79 to 552.38 trichome mm-2. Trichome density increased with latitude and decreased with longitude. Both temperature and precipitation reduced the trichome density. Moreover, trichome density was positively correlated with stomatal density whether in situ or in the common garden, and both increased with drought. Our results suggested that leaf trichomes possess highly adaptive variation and are in close coordination with stomata in response to climate change. Our findings provide new insights toward elucidating the interactions between leaf traits and the adaptive strategies of plants under climate change.","PeriodicalId":503671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":"479 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140749840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natural wetland areas in China have experienced a continuous decline over the past two decades, which is partly due to the lack of comprehensive wetland protection laws and regulations. Despite investing over 4.24 billion USD in wetland conservation and restoration since 2000, the deterioration of wetlands persists. This study reviews the development of global wetland protection laws and regulations, analyzes the progress of wetland legislation in China, and explores the impact of economic development levels on wetland protection legislation, while also providing an in-depth interpretation of the core elements of the "Wetland Protection Law of the People's Republic of China." The results indicate that since the late 1940s, wetland protection laws and regulations have begun to emerge, with most developed countries gradually implementing related policies between the 1980s and 1990s; about 71% of wetland protection laws are concentrated in 29 countries, while 69 countries still lack specific wetland protection laws. An analysis of 962 global documents reveals that wetland protection legislation mainly focuses on the protection of water resources, species, and ecosystems. China's wetland legislation started late, with the "Wetland Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" being officially implemented only in June 2022. Furthermore, the study points out that economic development plays a crucial role in wetland legislation worldwide. Lastly, the article summarizes the key features of the "Wetland Protection Law of the People's Republic of China," including the improvement of the environmental protection legislative system, increased penalties for illegal occupation of wetlands, clearer protection goals, and the assurance of the integrity and connectivity of wetland ecosystems through stringent policies.
{"title":"Wetland Conservation Legislations: Global processes and China’s practices","authors":"Lichun Mo, Ram Pandit","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtae018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtae018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Natural wetland areas in China have experienced a continuous decline over the past two decades, which is partly due to the lack of comprehensive wetland protection laws and regulations. Despite investing over 4.24 billion USD in wetland conservation and restoration since 2000, the deterioration of wetlands persists. This study reviews the development of global wetland protection laws and regulations, analyzes the progress of wetland legislation in China, and explores the impact of economic development levels on wetland protection legislation, while also providing an in-depth interpretation of the core elements of the \"Wetland Protection Law of the People's Republic of China.\" The results indicate that since the late 1940s, wetland protection laws and regulations have begun to emerge, with most developed countries gradually implementing related policies between the 1980s and 1990s; about 71% of wetland protection laws are concentrated in 29 countries, while 69 countries still lack specific wetland protection laws. An analysis of 962 global documents reveals that wetland protection legislation mainly focuses on the protection of water resources, species, and ecosystems. China's wetland legislation started late, with the \"Wetland Protection Law of the People's Republic of China\" being officially implemented only in June 2022. Furthermore, the study points out that economic development plays a crucial role in wetland legislation worldwide. Lastly, the article summarizes the key features of the \"Wetland Protection Law of the People's Republic of China,\" including the improvement of the environmental protection legislative system, increased penalties for illegal occupation of wetlands, clearer protection goals, and the assurance of the integrity and connectivity of wetland ecosystems through stringent policies.","PeriodicalId":503671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140211316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ding, Fons van der Plas, Jie Li, Bai Liu, Man Xu, Tongtong Xu, Xiaobin Pan, Qing Chang, Ying Chen, Yinong Li
Grazing exerts a profound influence on both the plant diversity and productivity of grasslands, while simultaneously exerting a significant impact on regulating grassland soil carbon sequestration. Moreover, besides altering the taxonomic diversity of plant communities, grazing can also affect their diversity of functional traits. However, we still poorly understand how grazing modifies the relationship between plant functional diversity and soil carbon sequestration in grassland ecosystems. Here we conducted a grazing manipulation experiment to investigate the effects of different grazing regimes (no grazing; sheep grazing; cattle grazing) on the relationships between plant functional diversity and soil carbon sequestration in meadow and desert steppe. Our findings showed that different livestock species changed the relationships between plant functional diversity and soil organic carbon (SOC) in the meadow steppe. Sheep grazing decoupled the originally positive relationship between functional diversity and SOC, whereas cattle grazing changed the relationship from positive to negative. In desert steppe both sheep and cattle grazing strengthened the positive relationship between functional diversity and SOC. Our study illuminates the considerable impact of livestock species on the intricate mechanisms of soil carbon sequestration, primarily mediated through the modulation of various measures of functional trait diversity. In ungrazed meadows and grazed deserts, maintaining high plant functional diversity is conducive to soil carbon sequestration, whereas in grazed meadows and ungrazed deserts, this relationship may disappear or even reverse. By measuring the traits and controlling the grazing activities, we can accurately predict the carbon sequestration potential in grassland ecosystems.
{"title":"Effects of grazing on the relationship between plant functional diversity and soil carbon sequestration are regulated by livestock species","authors":"S. Ding, Fons van der Plas, Jie Li, Bai Liu, Man Xu, Tongtong Xu, Xiaobin Pan, Qing Chang, Ying Chen, Yinong Li","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtae016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtae016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Grazing exerts a profound influence on both the plant diversity and productivity of grasslands, while simultaneously exerting a significant impact on regulating grassland soil carbon sequestration. Moreover, besides altering the taxonomic diversity of plant communities, grazing can also affect their diversity of functional traits. However, we still poorly understand how grazing modifies the relationship between plant functional diversity and soil carbon sequestration in grassland ecosystems. Here we conducted a grazing manipulation experiment to investigate the effects of different grazing regimes (no grazing; sheep grazing; cattle grazing) on the relationships between plant functional diversity and soil carbon sequestration in meadow and desert steppe. Our findings showed that different livestock species changed the relationships between plant functional diversity and soil organic carbon (SOC) in the meadow steppe. Sheep grazing decoupled the originally positive relationship between functional diversity and SOC, whereas cattle grazing changed the relationship from positive to negative. In desert steppe both sheep and cattle grazing strengthened the positive relationship between functional diversity and SOC. Our study illuminates the considerable impact of livestock species on the intricate mechanisms of soil carbon sequestration, primarily mediated through the modulation of various measures of functional trait diversity. In ungrazed meadows and grazed deserts, maintaining high plant functional diversity is conducive to soil carbon sequestration, whereas in grazed meadows and ungrazed deserts, this relationship may disappear or even reverse. By measuring the traits and controlling the grazing activities, we can accurately predict the carbon sequestration potential in grassland ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":503671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140231837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yueyan Pan, Jiakai Liu, Mingxiang Zhang, Peisheng Huang, Matt Hipesy, L. Dai, Ziwen Ma, Fan Zhang, Zhenming Zhang
The biomass of wetland plants is highly responsive to environmental factors and plays a crucial role in the dynamics of the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool. In this study, we collected and analyzed global data on wetland plant biomass from 1980 to 2021. By examining 1134 observations from 182 published papers on wetland ecosystems, we created a comprehensive database of wetland plant above-ground biomass (AGB) and below-ground biomass (BGB). Using this database, we analyzed the biomass characteristics of different climate zones, wetland types, and plant species globally. Based on this, we analyzed the differences between the biomass of different plant species and the linkage between AGB and BGB and organic carbon. Our study has revealed that wetland plant AGB is greater in equatorial regions but BGB is highest in polar areas, and lowest in arid and equatorial zones. For plant species, BGB of the Poales is higher than the AGB but Caryophyllales, Cyperales, and Lamiales have higher AGB. Moreover, our findings indicate that BGB plays a more significant role in contributing to the organic carbon pool compared to AGB. Notably, when BGB is less than 1 (t C ha-1), even slight changes in biomass can have a significant impact on the organic carbon pool. And we observed that the SOC increases by 5.7 t C ha-1 when the BGB content is low, indicating that the SOC is more sensitive to changes in biomass under such circumstances. Our study provides a basis for the global response of above- and below-ground biomass of wetland plants to organic carbon.
{"title":"The below-ground biomass contributes more to wetland soil carbon pools than the above-ground biomass- a survey based on global wetlands","authors":"Yueyan Pan, Jiakai Liu, Mingxiang Zhang, Peisheng Huang, Matt Hipesy, L. Dai, Ziwen Ma, Fan Zhang, Zhenming Zhang","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtae017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtae017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The biomass of wetland plants is highly responsive to environmental factors and plays a crucial role in the dynamics of the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool. In this study, we collected and analyzed global data on wetland plant biomass from 1980 to 2021. By examining 1134 observations from 182 published papers on wetland ecosystems, we created a comprehensive database of wetland plant above-ground biomass (AGB) and below-ground biomass (BGB). Using this database, we analyzed the biomass characteristics of different climate zones, wetland types, and plant species globally. Based on this, we analyzed the differences between the biomass of different plant species and the linkage between AGB and BGB and organic carbon. Our study has revealed that wetland plant AGB is greater in equatorial regions but BGB is highest in polar areas, and lowest in arid and equatorial zones. For plant species, BGB of the Poales is higher than the AGB but Caryophyllales, Cyperales, and Lamiales have higher AGB. Moreover, our findings indicate that BGB plays a more significant role in contributing to the organic carbon pool compared to AGB. Notably, when BGB is less than 1 (t C ha-1), even slight changes in biomass can have a significant impact on the organic carbon pool. And we observed that the SOC increases by 5.7 t C ha-1 when the BGB content is low, indicating that the SOC is more sensitive to changes in biomass under such circumstances. Our study provides a basis for the global response of above- and below-ground biomass of wetland plants to organic carbon.","PeriodicalId":503671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":"276 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140233499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingfang Cai, Kai Sun, Lin Li, Si-Ha A, Yi-Luan Shen, Hong-Li Li
Allelopathy plays an important role in the interaction between invasive and resident plants. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition has become a global problem, but it is unclear whether nitrogen affects the interaction between invasive and resident plants by affecting their allelopathy. Thus, we performed a greenhouse experiment in which the resident plant community was grown under two levels of invasion by S. canadensis (invasion vs. no invasion) and fully crossed with two levels of allelopathy (with or without adding activated carbon) and two levels of nitrogen addition (with or without). The resident plant communities were constructed with eight herbaceous species that often co-occur with S. canadensis. The research results show that both allelopathy of S. canadensis and the resident plants had obvious positive effects on their own growth. Nitrogen addition had more obvious positive effects on the resident plants under invasion than those that were not invaded. Moreover, nitrogen addition also altered the allelopathy of resident plants. Specifically, nitrogen addition improved the allelopathy of resident plants when they were invaded but decreased the allelopathy of resident plants when they grew alone. Although nitrogen addition had no obvious effect on S. canadensis, it reduced the allelopathy of S. canadensis. These results show that nitrogen addition could improve the resistance of resident plants to invasion by improving the allelopathy of resident plants and reducing the allelopathy of S. canadensis. The results of this study provide a scientific basis to manage and control the S. canadensis invasion.
等位效应在入侵植物和留居植物之间的相互作用中发挥着重要作用。大气中的氮沉降已成为一个全球性问题，但目前还不清楚氮是否会通过影响入侵植物和留居植物的等位异化作用而影响它们之间的相互作用。因此，我们进行了一项温室实验，在两种程度的 S. canadensis 入侵（入侵与不入侵）条件下种植常住植物群落，并与两种程度的等位植病（添加或不添加活性碳）和两种程度的氮添加（添加或不添加）进行完全杂交。常住植物群落由 8 种经常与 S. canadensis 共生的草本植物组成。研究结果表明，库拉索金雀花的等位效应和常绿植物的等位效应对其自身的生长都有明显的积极影响。与未受侵染的植物相比，氮添加对受侵染的宿根植物有更明显的积极影响。此外，氮的添加也改变了驻留植物的等位异化作用。具体地说，氮素的添加改善了受侵染的常绿植物的等位植病，但降低了常绿植物单独生长时的等位植病。虽然氮的添加对 S. canadensis 没有明显影响，但却降低了 S. canadensis 的等位植病作用。这些结果表明，氮的添加可以通过改善驻生植物的等位异化作用和降低 S. canadensis 的等位异化作用来提高驻生植物的抗入侵能力。该研究结果为管理和控制 S. canadensis 入侵提供了科学依据。
{"title":"Nitrogen addition increased resident plant community resistance to Solidago canadensis invasion by altering allelopathic effect","authors":"Jingfang Cai, Kai Sun, Lin Li, Si-Ha A, Yi-Luan Shen, Hong-Li Li","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtae015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtae015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Allelopathy plays an important role in the interaction between invasive and resident plants. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition has become a global problem, but it is unclear whether nitrogen affects the interaction between invasive and resident plants by affecting their allelopathy. Thus, we performed a greenhouse experiment in which the resident plant community was grown under two levels of invasion by S. canadensis (invasion vs. no invasion) and fully crossed with two levels of allelopathy (with or without adding activated carbon) and two levels of nitrogen addition (with or without). The resident plant communities were constructed with eight herbaceous species that often co-occur with S. canadensis. The research results show that both allelopathy of S. canadensis and the resident plants had obvious positive effects on their own growth. Nitrogen addition had more obvious positive effects on the resident plants under invasion than those that were not invaded. Moreover, nitrogen addition also altered the allelopathy of resident plants. Specifically, nitrogen addition improved the allelopathy of resident plants when they were invaded but decreased the allelopathy of resident plants when they grew alone. Although nitrogen addition had no obvious effect on S. canadensis, it reduced the allelopathy of S. canadensis. These results show that nitrogen addition could improve the resistance of resident plants to invasion by improving the allelopathy of resident plants and reducing the allelopathy of S. canadensis. The results of this study provide a scientific basis to manage and control the S. canadensis invasion.","PeriodicalId":503671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cancan Zhao, Yuanhu Shao, Huijie Lu, A. Classen, Zuyan Wang, Ying Li, Yanchun Liu, Zhongling Yang, Guoyong Li, Shenglei Fu
Soil nematodes as the most diverse metazoan taxa, serve a diversity of functions in soil food webs and thus can regulate microbial community composition and affect organic matter decomposition and nutrient turnover rates. Because nematodes depend on water films to access food resources, drought can negatively affect nematode-microbial food webs, yet the impacts of drought on nematode diversity and abundance and how these changes may influence food web members and their functions are seldom explored. Here, we coupled research along a drought gradient in arid and semiarid grasslands with a detailed intact plant-soil microcosm experiment to explore the patterns and mechanisms of how drought impacts nematode abundance and carbon footprint, microbial phospholipid fatty acid and heterotrophic soil respiration. Over all in the field and in the microcosm experiment, we found that nematode abundance, carbon footprint and diversity, microbial phospholipid fatty acid and heterotrophic respiration all declined under drier conditions. In addition, drought altered nematode and microbial community composition, through reducing the nematode channel ratio and increasing the relative fungivorous nematode abundance and the fungal to bacterial ratio. In response to drought, the soil decomposition channel shifted from a bacterial to a fungal pathway, indicating decelerated heterotrophic respiration under drought. The study highlights the important contribution of soil nematodes and their associated microbial food web to soil carbon cycling. Our results underscore the need to incorporate key soil fauna into terrestrial ecosystem model evaluation.
{"title":"Drought shifts soil nematode trophic groups and mediates the heterotrophic respiration","authors":"Cancan Zhao, Yuanhu Shao, Huijie Lu, A. Classen, Zuyan Wang, Ying Li, Yanchun Liu, Zhongling Yang, Guoyong Li, Shenglei Fu","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtae012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtae012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Soil nematodes as the most diverse metazoan taxa, serve a diversity of functions in soil food webs and thus can regulate microbial community composition and affect organic matter decomposition and nutrient turnover rates. Because nematodes depend on water films to access food resources, drought can negatively affect nematode-microbial food webs, yet the impacts of drought on nematode diversity and abundance and how these changes may influence food web members and their functions are seldom explored. Here, we coupled research along a drought gradient in arid and semiarid grasslands with a detailed intact plant-soil microcosm experiment to explore the patterns and mechanisms of how drought impacts nematode abundance and carbon footprint, microbial phospholipid fatty acid and heterotrophic soil respiration. Over all in the field and in the microcosm experiment, we found that nematode abundance, carbon footprint and diversity, microbial phospholipid fatty acid and heterotrophic respiration all declined under drier conditions. In addition, drought altered nematode and microbial community composition, through reducing the nematode channel ratio and increasing the relative fungivorous nematode abundance and the fungal to bacterial ratio. In response to drought, the soil decomposition channel shifted from a bacterial to a fungal pathway, indicating decelerated heterotrophic respiration under drought. The study highlights the important contribution of soil nematodes and their associated microbial food web to soil carbon cycling. Our results underscore the need to incorporate key soil fauna into terrestrial ecosystem model evaluation.","PeriodicalId":503671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":"51 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140082618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interactions between two plant species can be influenced by the presence of other plant species and such an effect may change as the diversity of the other species increases. To test these hypotheses, we first constructed aquatic communities consisting of 1, 2 and 4 emergent plant species and then grew ramets of Lemna minor only, ramets of Spirodela polyrhiza only or ramets of both L. minor and S. polyrhiza within these aquatic communities. We also included controls with ramets of L. minor, S. polyrhiza or both but without any emergent plants. Biomass and number of ramets of L. minor and S. polyrhiza were significantly smaller with than without the emergent plants, but they did not differ among the three richness levels. The presence of S. polyrhiza did not significantly affect the growth of L. minor, and such an effect did not depend on the richness of the emergent plant species. Without the emergent plant species, the presence of L. minor drastically reduced biomass (by 92%) and number of ramets (by 88%) of S. polyrhiza. However, such a competitive effect of L. minor on S. polyrhiza became much weaker in the presence of one emergent plant species (-46% biomass and -39% number of ramets) and completely disappeared in the presence of two or four emergent plant species. Therefore, both the presence and richness of emergent plant species can alter competitive interactions between the two duckweed species. This study highlights the importance of species diversity in regulating plant-plant interactions.
{"title":"Emergent plant presence and richness alter competitive interactions between two floating plants","authors":"Jun-Nan Liu, Fang-Ru Wu, S. Roiloa, Wei Xue, Ning-Fei Lei, Fei-Hai Yu","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtae013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtae013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Interactions between two plant species can be influenced by the presence of other plant species and such an effect may change as the diversity of the other species increases. To test these hypotheses, we first constructed aquatic communities consisting of 1, 2 and 4 emergent plant species and then grew ramets of Lemna minor only, ramets of Spirodela polyrhiza only or ramets of both L. minor and S. polyrhiza within these aquatic communities. We also included controls with ramets of L. minor, S. polyrhiza or both but without any emergent plants. Biomass and number of ramets of L. minor and S. polyrhiza were significantly smaller with than without the emergent plants, but they did not differ among the three richness levels. The presence of S. polyrhiza did not significantly affect the growth of L. minor, and such an effect did not depend on the richness of the emergent plant species. Without the emergent plant species, the presence of L. minor drastically reduced biomass (by 92%) and number of ramets (by 88%) of S. polyrhiza. However, such a competitive effect of L. minor on S. polyrhiza became much weaker in the presence of one emergent plant species (-46% biomass and -39% number of ramets) and completely disappeared in the presence of two or four emergent plant species. Therefore, both the presence and richness of emergent plant species can alter competitive interactions between the two duckweed species. This study highlights the importance of species diversity in regulating plant-plant interactions.","PeriodicalId":503671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":"114 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140090882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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