Jifan Luo, Ruozhi Huang, Hai Yan, Renwu Wu, Shuai Liao, Zhoubing Xiang, Yongxi Zou, Liangchen Shi, Ke Wang, Zhiyi Bao
In the early 20th century, numerous western botanists, often referred to as “plant hunters”, embarked on ambitious expeditions to China, playing a crucial role in the study of botany and botanical diversity. Despite their contributions, comprehensive assessments of their explorations are lacking. To bridge this gap, this article focuses on the work of Joseph Charles Francis Rock, a notable figure in that era. Our work revisits Rock’s botanical expeditions within the broader context of botanical diversity conservation. It outlines his historical experiences in collecting plants in China and enumerates the species composition and phenotypic traits of the plants he collected. Additionally, it also analyzes the spatial distribution of the species, the completeness of his collection, and the α-diversity and β-diversity of the plants he collected. Our findings reveal that Rock led four major botanical expeditions in China between 1922 and 1933, amassing a total of 28,184 sheets and 16,608 numbers across 204 families, 1,081 genera, and 4,231 species. His focus was predominantly on ornamental species, which exhibit a variety of flower colors and inflorescences. His collection work spanned five provinces, 35 cities, and 72 counties, with a notable concentration in the Hengduan Mountains, a current biodiversity hotspot. This study not only reconstructs Rock’s botanical legacy but also offers valuable historical data and fresh analytical insights for understanding contemporary plant diversity. It contributes to the ongoing discourse on the importance of preserving plant diversity as a cornerstone of environmental sustainability.
{"title":"An ecological perspective on Joseph Rock's (1884 – 1962) plant collection activities in China","authors":"Jifan Luo, Ruozhi Huang, Hai Yan, Renwu Wu, Shuai Liao, Zhoubing Xiang, Yongxi Zou, Liangchen Shi, Ke Wang, Zhiyi Bao","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtae057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtae057","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the early 20th century, numerous western botanists, often referred to as “plant hunters”, embarked on ambitious expeditions to China, playing a crucial role in the study of botany and botanical diversity. Despite their contributions, comprehensive assessments of their explorations are lacking. To bridge this gap, this article focuses on the work of Joseph Charles Francis Rock, a notable figure in that era. Our work revisits Rock’s botanical expeditions within the broader context of botanical diversity conservation. It outlines his historical experiences in collecting plants in China and enumerates the species composition and phenotypic traits of the plants he collected. Additionally, it also analyzes the spatial distribution of the species, the completeness of his collection, and the α-diversity and β-diversity of the plants he collected. Our findings reveal that Rock led four major botanical expeditions in China between 1922 and 1933, amassing a total of 28,184 sheets and 16,608 numbers across 204 families, 1,081 genera, and 4,231 species. His focus was predominantly on ornamental species, which exhibit a variety of flower colors and inflorescences. His collection work spanned five provinces, 35 cities, and 72 counties, with a notable concentration in the Hengduan Mountains, a current biodiversity hotspot. This study not only reconstructs Rock’s botanical legacy but also offers valuable historical data and fresh analytical insights for understanding contemporary plant diversity. It contributes to the ongoing discourse on the importance of preserving plant diversity as a cornerstone of environmental sustainability.","PeriodicalId":503671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":"5 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141337549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to: Facilitation drives tree seedling survival at alpine treelines","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtae054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtae054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":503671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":"51 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141338619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liqun Lin, Luke R Tembrock, Ko-Hsuan Chen, Li Wang
Phylosymbiosis, the congruence of microbiome composition with host phylogeny, is a valuable framework for investigating plant-microbe associations and their evolutionary ecology. This review assesses the prevalence of phylosymbiosis across the plant kingdom, elucidates the fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes contributing to its occurrence based on previous research and explores commonly used methods for identifying phylosymbiosis. We find that the presence of phylosymbiosis may be influenced by both phylogenetic distance and the taxonomic level at which host plants are examined, with the strength of associations potentially decreasing as the taxonomic scale becomes finer. Notably, the endophytic microbiome exhibits a stronger phylosymbiosis signal compared to the epiphytic or rhizosphere-associated microbiomes. The type of microorganisms (e.g., fungi and bacteria) can yield highly variable evidence for phylosymbiosis due to differences in colonization, transmission, or functional characteristics. We also outline how the four community assembly processes (dispersal, selection, diversification, drift) contribute to the establishment and maintenance of host-microbe phylosymbiosis. Furthermore, we highlight the diversity of methods employed to detect phylosymbiosis, which involves three key processes: constructing host phylogenies, assessing microbial data, and statistically evaluating the correlation between host phylogeny and microbial composition. Remarkably different methodologies across studies make comparisons between findings challenging. To advance our understanding, future research is expected to explore phylosymbiosis at lower taxonomic levels and investigate different microbial communities coexisting synergistically within the same host. Understanding the relative importance of community assembly processes in driving phylosymbiosis will be critical for gaining deeper insights into the ecology and evolution of host-microbe interactions.
{"title":"Prevalence and underlying mechanisms of phylosymbiosis in land plants","authors":"Liqun Lin, Luke R Tembrock, Ko-Hsuan Chen, Li Wang","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtae051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtae051","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Phylosymbiosis, the congruence of microbiome composition with host phylogeny, is a valuable framework for investigating plant-microbe associations and their evolutionary ecology. This review assesses the prevalence of phylosymbiosis across the plant kingdom, elucidates the fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes contributing to its occurrence based on previous research and explores commonly used methods for identifying phylosymbiosis. We find that the presence of phylosymbiosis may be influenced by both phylogenetic distance and the taxonomic level at which host plants are examined, with the strength of associations potentially decreasing as the taxonomic scale becomes finer. Notably, the endophytic microbiome exhibits a stronger phylosymbiosis signal compared to the epiphytic or rhizosphere-associated microbiomes. The type of microorganisms (e.g., fungi and bacteria) can yield highly variable evidence for phylosymbiosis due to differences in colonization, transmission, or functional characteristics. We also outline how the four community assembly processes (dispersal, selection, diversification, drift) contribute to the establishment and maintenance of host-microbe phylosymbiosis. Furthermore, we highlight the diversity of methods employed to detect phylosymbiosis, which involves three key processes: constructing host phylogenies, assessing microbial data, and statistically evaluating the correlation between host phylogeny and microbial composition. Remarkably different methodologies across studies make comparisons between findings challenging. To advance our understanding, future research is expected to explore phylosymbiosis at lower taxonomic levels and investigate different microbial communities coexisting synergistically within the same host. Understanding the relative importance of community assembly processes in driving phylosymbiosis will be critical for gaining deeper insights into the ecology and evolution of host-microbe interactions.","PeriodicalId":503671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":"38 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141339957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The accuracy of simulation of carbon and water processes largely relies on the selection of atmospheric forcing datasets when driving land surface models (LSM). Particularly in high-altitude regions, choosing appropriate atmospheric forcing datasets can effectively reduce uncertainties in the LSM simulations. Therefore, this study conducted four offline LSM simulations over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) using the Community Land Model version 4.5 (CLM4.5) driven by four state-of-the-art atmospheric forcing datasets. The performances of CRUNCEP (CLM4.5 model default) and three other reanalysis-based atmospheric forcing datasets (i.e., ITPCAS, GSWP3, and WFDEI) in simulating the net primary productivity (NPP) and actual evapotranspiration (ET) were evaluated based on in-situ and gridded reference datasets. Compared with in-situ observations, simulated results exhibited determination coefficients (R2) ranging from 0.58–0.84 and 0.59–0.87 for observed NPP and ET, respectively, among which GSWP3 and ITPCAS showed superior performance. At the plateau level, CRUNCEP-based simulations displayed the largest bias compared to the reference NPP and ET. GSWP3-based simulations demonstrated the best performance when comprehensively considering both the magnitudes and change trends of TP-averaged NPP and ET. The simulated ET increase over the TP during 1982–2010 based on ITPCAS was significantly greater than in the other three simulations and reference ET, suggesting that ITPCAS may not be appropriate for studying long-term ET changes over the TP. These results suggest that GSWP3 is recommended for driving CLM4.5 in conducting long-term carbon and water processes simulations over the TP. This study contributes to enhancing the accuracy of LSM in water-carbon simulations over alpine regions.
{"title":"Estimates of net primary productivity and actual evapotranspiration over the Tibetan Plateau from the Community Land Model version 4.5 with four atmospheric forcing datasets","authors":"Shan Lin, Kewei Huang, Xiang-yang Sun, Chunlin Song, Juying Sun, Shouqin Sun, Genxu Wang, Zhao-yong Hu","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtae052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtae052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The accuracy of simulation of carbon and water processes largely relies on the selection of atmospheric forcing datasets when driving land surface models (LSM). Particularly in high-altitude regions, choosing appropriate atmospheric forcing datasets can effectively reduce uncertainties in the LSM simulations. Therefore, this study conducted four offline LSM simulations over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) using the Community Land Model version 4.5 (CLM4.5) driven by four state-of-the-art atmospheric forcing datasets. The performances of CRUNCEP (CLM4.5 model default) and three other reanalysis-based atmospheric forcing datasets (i.e., ITPCAS, GSWP3, and WFDEI) in simulating the net primary productivity (NPP) and actual evapotranspiration (ET) were evaluated based on in-situ and gridded reference datasets. Compared with in-situ observations, simulated results exhibited determination coefficients (R2) ranging from 0.58–0.84 and 0.59–0.87 for observed NPP and ET, respectively, among which GSWP3 and ITPCAS showed superior performance. At the plateau level, CRUNCEP-based simulations displayed the largest bias compared to the reference NPP and ET. GSWP3-based simulations demonstrated the best performance when comprehensively considering both the magnitudes and change trends of TP-averaged NPP and ET. The simulated ET increase over the TP during 1982–2010 based on ITPCAS was significantly greater than in the other three simulations and reference ET, suggesting that ITPCAS may not be appropriate for studying long-term ET changes over the TP. These results suggest that GSWP3 is recommended for driving CLM4.5 in conducting long-term carbon and water processes simulations over the TP. This study contributes to enhancing the accuracy of LSM in water-carbon simulations over alpine regions.","PeriodicalId":503671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141356351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Óskarsdóttir, T. E. Thórhallsdóttir, Kristín Svavarsdóttir
Plants typically experience great losses from their reproductive potential represented by ovule production to the post-dispersal crop of viable seed. We examined seed density and viability in a founder population of mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa), aiming to quantify losses at different stages and examine potential selection forces on reproduction success of the founder generation of an isolated population. At the time of study (2017–2020), the population had recently reached reproductive maturity, following its colonisation around 1990 through long distance dispersal onto an early successional outwash plain in southeast Iceland. Seed densities were high, but 89% of apparently intact seeds did not contain an embryo, despite being visually indistinguishable from filled seeds. Externally evident losses amounted to about 45% of the total seed crop and were mostly due to predation by the gall midge Semudobia betulae. When all losses were accounted for, 2.7% of the seed crop remained viable and germinated. Pollen limitation may partially explain high incidence of empty seeds. Excessive flower production is compatible with the predator satiation hypothesis but cannot explain pre-dispersal losses. Another adaptation to predation, masting, appears poorly developed in Iceland. Our results suggest the presence of constraints on the reproduction potential of the new island population, that are more limiting than in neighbouring populations, and we discuss their developmental, ecological, and environmental correlates.
{"title":"High seed losses in mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa) and developmental, ecological, and environmental correlates","authors":"G. Óskarsdóttir, T. E. Thórhallsdóttir, Kristín Svavarsdóttir","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtae049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtae049","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Plants typically experience great losses from their reproductive potential represented by ovule production to the post-dispersal crop of viable seed. We examined seed density and viability in a founder population of mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa), aiming to quantify losses at different stages and examine potential selection forces on reproduction success of the founder generation of an isolated population. At the time of study (2017–2020), the population had recently reached reproductive maturity, following its colonisation around 1990 through long distance dispersal onto an early successional outwash plain in southeast Iceland. Seed densities were high, but 89% of apparently intact seeds did not contain an embryo, despite being visually indistinguishable from filled seeds. Externally evident losses amounted to about 45% of the total seed crop and were mostly due to predation by the gall midge Semudobia betulae. When all losses were accounted for, 2.7% of the seed crop remained viable and germinated. Pollen limitation may partially explain high incidence of empty seeds. Excessive flower production is compatible with the predator satiation hypothesis but cannot explain pre-dispersal losses. Another adaptation to predation, masting, appears poorly developed in Iceland. Our results suggest the presence of constraints on the reproduction potential of the new island population, that are more limiting than in neighbouring populations, and we discuss their developmental, ecological, and environmental correlates.","PeriodicalId":503671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141380385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate refugia can serve as remnant habitat or stepping stones for species dispersal under climate warming. The largest freshwater lake by surface area, Lake Superior, USA and Canada, serves as a model system for understanding cooling-mediated local refugia, as its cool water temperatures and wave action have maintained shoreline habitats suitable for southern disjunct populations of arctic-alpine plants since deglaciation. Here we seek to explain spatial patterns and environmental drivers of arctic-alpine plant refugia along Lake Superior’s shores, and assess future risk to refugia under moderate (+3.5 °C) and warmest (+5.7 °C) climate warming scenarios. First, we examined how the interactive effects of summer surface water temperatures and wind affected onshore temperatures, resulting in areas of cooler refugia. Second, we developed an ecological niche model for presence of disjunct arctic-alpine refugia (pooling 1253 occurrences from 58 species) along the lake’s shoreline. Third, we fit species distribution models for 20 of the most common arctic-alpine disjunct species and predicted presence to identify refugia hotspots. Finally, we used the two climate warming scenarios to predict changes in presence of refugia and disjunct hotspots. Bedrock type, elevation above water, inland distance, July land surface temperature from MODIS/Terra satellite, and near-shore depth of water were the best predictors of disjunct occurrences. Overall, we predicted 2,236 km of the shoreline (51%) as disjunct refugia habitat for at least one species under current conditions, but this was reduced to 20% and 7% with moderate (894 km) and warmest (313 km) climate change projections.
{"title":"Climate refugia along Lake Superior’s shores: disjunct arctic-alpine plants rely on cool shoreline temperatures but are restricted to highly exposed habitat under climate warming","authors":"Ashley Hillman, Scott E. Nielsen","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtae050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtae050","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Climate refugia can serve as remnant habitat or stepping stones for species dispersal under climate warming. The largest freshwater lake by surface area, Lake Superior, USA and Canada, serves as a model system for understanding cooling-mediated local refugia, as its cool water temperatures and wave action have maintained shoreline habitats suitable for southern disjunct populations of arctic-alpine plants since deglaciation. Here we seek to explain spatial patterns and environmental drivers of arctic-alpine plant refugia along Lake Superior’s shores, and assess future risk to refugia under moderate (+3.5 °C) and warmest (+5.7 °C) climate warming scenarios. First, we examined how the interactive effects of summer surface water temperatures and wind affected onshore temperatures, resulting in areas of cooler refugia. Second, we developed an ecological niche model for presence of disjunct arctic-alpine refugia (pooling 1253 occurrences from 58 species) along the lake’s shoreline. Third, we fit species distribution models for 20 of the most common arctic-alpine disjunct species and predicted presence to identify refugia hotspots. Finally, we used the two climate warming scenarios to predict changes in presence of refugia and disjunct hotspots. Bedrock type, elevation above water, inland distance, July land surface temperature from MODIS/Terra satellite, and near-shore depth of water were the best predictors of disjunct occurrences. Overall, we predicted 2,236 km of the shoreline (51%) as disjunct refugia habitat for at least one species under current conditions, but this was reduced to 20% and 7% with moderate (894 km) and warmest (313 km) climate change projections.","PeriodicalId":503671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":"5 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141380548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Belowground parameters, e.g. root production and dynamics, play a pivotal role in evaluating the restoration degree of degraded grasslands. However, it remains unclear how roots respond to the combined restoration measures. To investigate root responses to different restoration treatments, a field experiment was conducted in a degraded Songnen meadow from 2013 to 2014. The treatments included: free grazing (FG), no ploughing (NP), only ploughing (OP), ploughing and N additions (PF), ploughing and mulching (PM), ploughing with N additions and mulching (PFM). Our results showed the seasonal dynamics pattern of roots was a unimodal pattern, which mainly was influenced by precipitation rather than restoration measures. The impacts of different restoration measures on root production were dependent on precipitation. In 2013, compared to FG, only PFM significantly increased root production by 242.34% (0-10 cm) and 90.8% (10-20 cm), which was mainly attributed to the increase of ANPP, soil moisture, and root numbers. However, restoration measures had minor effects on root production in 2014. Root turnover ranged from 0.47 yr-1 to 0.78 yr-1 and was not significantly changed by different restored measures. This is because the dominant annual species, Chloris virgata, exhibited relatively small changes in root turnover across different plots. Moreover, PFM improved soil conditions, leading to increased root lifespan and survival rate. Our results suggest that the combined measures are an effective way to accelerate belowground restoration in the degraded Songnen meadow.
{"title":"Response of root production to different restoration measures in a degraded meadow","authors":"Meng Cui, Hong-Hui Wu, Chang-Qing Jing, Tao Zhang, Shi-Ying Zhao, Ying-Zhi Gao","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtae044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtae044","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Belowground parameters, e.g. root production and dynamics, play a pivotal role in evaluating the restoration degree of degraded grasslands. However, it remains unclear how roots respond to the combined restoration measures. To investigate root responses to different restoration treatments, a field experiment was conducted in a degraded Songnen meadow from 2013 to 2014. The treatments included: free grazing (FG), no ploughing (NP), only ploughing (OP), ploughing and N additions (PF), ploughing and mulching (PM), ploughing with N additions and mulching (PFM). Our results showed the seasonal dynamics pattern of roots was a unimodal pattern, which mainly was influenced by precipitation rather than restoration measures. The impacts of different restoration measures on root production were dependent on precipitation. In 2013, compared to FG, only PFM significantly increased root production by 242.34% (0-10 cm) and 90.8% (10-20 cm), which was mainly attributed to the increase of ANPP, soil moisture, and root numbers. However, restoration measures had minor effects on root production in 2014. Root turnover ranged from 0.47 yr-1 to 0.78 yr-1 and was not significantly changed by different restored measures. This is because the dominant annual species, Chloris virgata, exhibited relatively small changes in root turnover across different plots. Moreover, PFM improved soil conditions, leading to increased root lifespan and survival rate. Our results suggest that the combined measures are an effective way to accelerate belowground restoration in the degraded Songnen meadow.","PeriodicalId":503671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":"53 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140965875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extreme drought and insect herbivores can affect plant community non-independently, and their interaction may be influenced by drought pattern. However, few studies have explored the interaction on plant community structure, and no study has investigated whether the interaction is affected by drought pattern. We explored the interaction of different extreme drought patterns and insect herbivores with a manipulated experiment in a semiarid grassland. There were three treatments for drought: control – ambient precipitation; chronic drought – 66% precipitation reduction in growing season (May – August); intense drought – completely exclusion rain events from June to July. Herbivores removal and present treatments were imposed within each drought treatments. We found that although herbivores had no significant effects on the impacts of droughts on total species richness, it alleviated the impacts of chronic drought on total cover, and the alleviating role decreased under intense drought. Comparing with intense drought, more increasing of grass cover led to more alleviation under chronic drought associated with the decrease of forb which have low leaf carbon and dry matter content, along with high starch, calcium, magnesium and manganese concentration. These results indicate that the interaction of drought and herbivores is affected by drought pattern, and the changes of leaf traits that reduce herbivores feeding in grass might alleviate the impact of drought on grassland.
{"title":"Interaction of extreme drought and insect herbivores on grassland community is affected by drought pattern","authors":"Ye Luo, Yu Ke, Hongqiang Wang, Chong Xu, Qian Gu, Qiang Yu, Melinda D Smith, Rajabboy Madrimov, Nuriddin Samatov, Wei Yang, Honghui Wu","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtae041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtae041","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Extreme drought and insect herbivores can affect plant community non-independently, and their interaction may be influenced by drought pattern. However, few studies have explored the interaction on plant community structure, and no study has investigated whether the interaction is affected by drought pattern. We explored the interaction of different extreme drought patterns and insect herbivores with a manipulated experiment in a semiarid grassland. There were three treatments for drought: control – ambient precipitation; chronic drought – 66% precipitation reduction in growing season (May – August); intense drought – completely exclusion rain events from June to July. Herbivores removal and present treatments were imposed within each drought treatments. We found that although herbivores had no significant effects on the impacts of droughts on total species richness, it alleviated the impacts of chronic drought on total cover, and the alleviating role decreased under intense drought. Comparing with intense drought, more increasing of grass cover led to more alleviation under chronic drought associated with the decrease of forb which have low leaf carbon and dry matter content, along with high starch, calcium, magnesium and manganese concentration. These results indicate that the interaction of drought and herbivores is affected by drought pattern, and the changes of leaf traits that reduce herbivores feeding in grass might alleviate the impact of drought on grassland.","PeriodicalId":503671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":"124 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140987177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An important challenge in ecology is to link functional traits to plant survival for generalizable predictions of plant demographical dynamics. However, whether root and leaf traits are consistently associated with tree survival remains uncertain because of the limited representation of root traits. Moreover, the relationships between plant traits and survival are rarely linear and are likely to vary with tree size. We analysed demographic data from 17901 trees of 32 subtropical tree species under 3-year-old monocultures to test whether root and leaf traits have consistent relationships with tree survival and how the relationships between traits and tree survival vary with tree diameter. We discovered that leaf and root traits have inconsistent effects on tree survival. Specifically, while specific leaf area (an acquisition strategy) showed a marginally significant negative impact on survival, root diameter (a conservative trait within the one-dimensional root economic spectrum) also demonstrated a significant negative effect on survival. Furthermore, we found size-dependent relationships between traits and tree survival. The effect of specific leaf area, leaf phosphorus concentration and specific root length, on survival shifted from negative to positive with increasing tree size. However, species with high leaf thickness and root diameter were positively linked to survival only for small trees. The results highlight that to accurately predict the relationships between traits and tree survival, it is essential to consider both aboveground and belowground traits, as well as the size-dependent relationships between traits and tree survival.
{"title":"The relationships between functional traits and survival are mediated by tree size in subtropical forests","authors":"Zhen-Yu Wang, Zhi-Qun Huang","doi":"10.1093/jpe/rtae036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtae036","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 An important challenge in ecology is to link functional traits to plant survival for generalizable predictions of plant demographical dynamics. However, whether root and leaf traits are consistently associated with tree survival remains uncertain because of the limited representation of root traits. Moreover, the relationships between plant traits and survival are rarely linear and are likely to vary with tree size. We analysed demographic data from 17901 trees of 32 subtropical tree species under 3-year-old monocultures to test whether root and leaf traits have consistent relationships with tree survival and how the relationships between traits and tree survival vary with tree diameter. We discovered that leaf and root traits have inconsistent effects on tree survival. Specifically, while specific leaf area (an acquisition strategy) showed a marginally significant negative impact on survival, root diameter (a conservative trait within the one-dimensional root economic spectrum) also demonstrated a significant negative effect on survival. Furthermore, we found size-dependent relationships between traits and tree survival. The effect of specific leaf area, leaf phosphorus concentration and specific root length, on survival shifted from negative to positive with increasing tree size. However, species with high leaf thickness and root diameter were positively linked to survival only for small trees. The results highlight that to accurately predict the relationships between traits and tree survival, it is essential to consider both aboveground and belowground traits, as well as the size-dependent relationships between traits and tree survival.","PeriodicalId":503671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Ecology","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140993937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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