Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i02/1826
Amal F. Alshammary, Ahmad Albarqi, Suad Alghamdi, Rawiah A Alsiary, Abeer Alsofyani, Shaihana Almatrrouk, Fahad N. Alonazi, Mona Alanazi, Afaf A Aldahish, A. Q. Alanazi, Meaad Q Alanazi, Abdulaziz Alanazi, W. Alanazi, Mona Alanazi, Badi Alanazi, Majed Alanazi, A. Q. Alanazi, A. Alanazi, Fahad G. Alanzi, Rakan Alanazi, Manal M. Aljohani, Essa E. Alanazi, A. A. Alahmari, A. Alenezy, Aisha AlAnazi, Sami N. Alanazi, Mashael Altoub, A. Zaki, Hajir AlSaihati, Sana Alshaikh, Sahar Aldosari, Adel A. Alenazi, Talat Bukhari, Abdulrahman N. Talohi, Seba Abdo, B. Alenazi, Faris Q.B. Alenzi
This study provides evidence of the situation in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Saudi government has taken significant action in response to the outbreak by putting in place measures to restrict the ability of the virus to spread. Cases, recoveries, and deaths were meticulously documented using MOH and/or WHO official sources. Our findings indicate that the number of confirmed cases and fatalities between May 2020 to November 2021 has decreased significantly, and the rate of recovery has been consistently strong. Furthermore, our study examined the rates of new cases and deaths in Saudi Arabia during the pandemic using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Overall, our findings indicate a moderate link between new cases and death rates due to the country’s rigorous control during the pandemic and availability of an advanced health care system. In addition, our study documented the country’s nationwide vaccination campaign conducted with locations set up in many major cities. As of May 2022, a total of 64 million doses of the vaccine had been delivered to citizens and anyone with permanent residency in the country to control the spread of the disease. According to the data that has been given in this study, advanced health care system, widespread immunization efforts, and public awareness campaigns in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were effective in limiting the virus's capacity to spread further during COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"How Saudi Arabia Experience Corona: A Monthly Analysis Data","authors":"Amal F. Alshammary, Ahmad Albarqi, Suad Alghamdi, Rawiah A Alsiary, Abeer Alsofyani, Shaihana Almatrrouk, Fahad N. Alonazi, Mona Alanazi, Afaf A Aldahish, A. Q. Alanazi, Meaad Q Alanazi, Abdulaziz Alanazi, W. Alanazi, Mona Alanazi, Badi Alanazi, Majed Alanazi, A. Q. Alanazi, A. Alanazi, Fahad G. Alanzi, Rakan Alanazi, Manal M. Aljohani, Essa E. Alanazi, A. A. Alahmari, A. Alenezy, Aisha AlAnazi, Sami N. Alanazi, Mashael Altoub, A. Zaki, Hajir AlSaihati, Sana Alshaikh, Sahar Aldosari, Adel A. Alenazi, Talat Bukhari, Abdulrahman N. Talohi, Seba Abdo, B. Alenazi, Faris Q.B. Alenzi","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i02/1826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i02/1826","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides evidence of the situation in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Saudi government has taken significant action in response to the outbreak by putting in place measures to restrict the ability of the virus to spread. Cases, recoveries, and deaths were meticulously documented using MOH and/or WHO official sources. Our findings indicate that the number of confirmed cases and fatalities between May 2020 to November 2021 has decreased significantly, and the rate of recovery has been consistently strong. Furthermore, our study examined the rates of new cases and deaths in Saudi Arabia during the pandemic using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Overall, our findings indicate a moderate link between new cases and death rates due to the country’s rigorous control during the pandemic and availability of an advanced health care system. In addition, our study documented the country’s nationwide vaccination campaign conducted with locations set up in many major cities. As of May 2022, a total of 64 million doses of the vaccine had been delivered to citizens and anyone with permanent residency in the country to control the spread of the disease. According to the data that has been given in this study, advanced health care system, widespread immunization efforts, and public awareness campaigns in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were effective in limiting the virus's capacity to spread further during COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":503777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139964734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-10DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i02/1825
Amal F. Alshammary, Seba Abdo, Talal AlMutairi, Sultan AlSubaie, Abdulmajeed AlKhald, Omar AlAnazi, Abdullah Badawood, M. Alanazi, Suad Alghamdi, Abeer Alsofyani, Rawiah A Alsiary, Shaihana Almatrrouk, Fahad N. Alonazi, Mona Alanazi, Mashael Altoub, Afaf A Aldahish, Sana Alshaikh, A. Zaki, Sahar Aldosari, Manal M. Aljohani, Essa E. Alanazi, A. A. Alahmari, A. Alenezy, N. Alonazi, Adel A. Alenazi, Talat Bukhari, Faris Q.B. Alenzi
Background: Allergy is a widespread universal public health challenge that can result in serious complications. The incidences of allergy are continuously on the rise resulting in morbidity and mortality in all age groups. Thus, a clear knowledge of the prevalence of the spectrum of allergic diseases and the accurate identification of environmental triggers is crucial. Aim: The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence, types, risk factors of allergic disorders among students of Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU) Saudi Arabia. This study may provide useful information for development of a strategic public health plan for optimal management of allergies. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, students were surveyed by an electronic questionnaires and results were analysed and compared. Five hundred adult students (330 males, 170 females) belonging to various colleges at PSAU, participated in this study. Results: Analysis of data from the self-administered questionnaire show that 59% of participants suffered from some type of allergy. The most prevalent type of allergy among participants was of respiratory tract (41%), followed by skin allergy (36%), Gastrointestinal tract (GIT)allergy (14%) and least number of cases were of eye allergy (9%). Fifty five percent cases of allergies were due to environmental triggers, 35% were food allergy, and 10% were animal allergy cases. For food allergy, the most common (59%) allergens were fruits, nuts and vegetables, 26% cases were of fish allergy, 10% of cases were of allergy to milk and the least number of cases (5%) were of allergy to wheat. Conclusion: The prevalence of allergies is high in PSAU and students. Adequate measures should be taken to reduce and manage the rising prevalence of allergies before the problem escalates any further.
{"title":"Allergy and Its Predictive Factors in the PSAU students-Alkharj City, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Amal F. Alshammary, Seba Abdo, Talal AlMutairi, Sultan AlSubaie, Abdulmajeed AlKhald, Omar AlAnazi, Abdullah Badawood, M. Alanazi, Suad Alghamdi, Abeer Alsofyani, Rawiah A Alsiary, Shaihana Almatrrouk, Fahad N. Alonazi, Mona Alanazi, Mashael Altoub, Afaf A Aldahish, Sana Alshaikh, A. Zaki, Sahar Aldosari, Manal M. Aljohani, Essa E. Alanazi, A. A. Alahmari, A. Alenezy, N. Alonazi, Adel A. Alenazi, Talat Bukhari, Faris Q.B. Alenzi","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i02/1825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i02/1825","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Allergy is a widespread universal public health challenge that can result in serious complications. The incidences of allergy are continuously on the rise resulting in morbidity and mortality in all age groups. Thus, a clear knowledge of the prevalence of the spectrum of allergic diseases and the accurate identification of environmental triggers is crucial. Aim: The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence, types, risk factors of allergic disorders among students of Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU) Saudi Arabia. This study may provide useful information for development of a strategic public health plan for optimal management of allergies. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, students were surveyed by an electronic questionnaires and results were analysed and compared. Five hundred adult students (330 males, 170 females) belonging to various colleges at PSAU, participated in this study. Results: Analysis of data from the self-administered questionnaire show that 59% of participants suffered from some type of allergy. The most prevalent type of allergy among participants was of respiratory tract (41%), followed by skin allergy (36%), Gastrointestinal tract (GIT)allergy (14%) and least number of cases were of eye allergy (9%). Fifty five percent cases of allergies were due to environmental triggers, 35% were food allergy, and 10% were animal allergy cases. For food allergy, the most common (59%) allergens were fruits, nuts and vegetables, 26% cases were of fish allergy, 10% of cases were of allergy to milk and the least number of cases (5%) were of allergy to wheat. Conclusion: The prevalence of allergies is high in PSAU and students. Adequate measures should be taken to reduce and manage the rising prevalence of allergies before the problem escalates any further.","PeriodicalId":503777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"53 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139964882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-08DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i02/1824
Amal F. Alshammary, Basil Alanazi, Suad Alghamdi, Sahar Aldosari, Manal M. Aljohani, Essa E. Alanazi, A. A. Alahmari, Shaihana Almatrrouk, Fahad N. Alonazi, Mona Alanazi, Afaf A Aldahish, Sana Alshaikh, A. Alenezy, Abeer Alsofyani, Rawiah A Alsiary, Maha Alanazi, Khalid Alonazi, A. Zaki, Zahraa Alali, Mashael Altoub, Talat Bukhari, Seba Abdo, Adel A. Alenazi, Faris Q.B. Alenzi
Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii) is an intracellular protozoon that causes toxoplasmosis in one-third of the world's population. During pregnancy, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis rises during the second and third trimesters causing abortion and a mild mononucleosis-like syndrome. Normally, progesterone rises during pregnancy, but in the case of toxoplasmosis, the body raises prolactin to inhibit T. gondii. The present study investigated the relationship between Toxoplasma gondii infection (toxoplasmosis) and the concentration of both prolactin and progesterone in infected pregnant women. A systematic review approach was conducted to research the aim of this study. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched using the following keywords “Toxoplasma gondii” or “T.gondii” AND “protozoon” OR “toxoplasmosis” OR “animals” OR “prolactin” OR “progesterone.” Only primary studies were included, whereas reviews and non-experimental studies were excluded. Six studies met the inclusion criteria and were, therefore, reviewed in the present study. The six studies showed a reverse relationship between prolactin and progesterone, such that if one increases the other drops. Furthermore, Toxoplasmosis increased progesterone levels, which results in the suppression of prolactin levels. Thus, toxoplasmosis-induced progesterone secretion has an antagonistic effect on prolactin levels. Since prolactin strongly elicits innate and adaptive immune responses, toxoplasmosis-induced progesterone release dampens the immune response of the host and enhances susceptibility to severe toxoplasmosis.
{"title":"The Relationship Between Toxoplasmosis and Concentration of Prolactin and Progesterone in Pregnant Women","authors":"Amal F. Alshammary, Basil Alanazi, Suad Alghamdi, Sahar Aldosari, Manal M. Aljohani, Essa E. Alanazi, A. A. Alahmari, Shaihana Almatrrouk, Fahad N. Alonazi, Mona Alanazi, Afaf A Aldahish, Sana Alshaikh, A. Alenezy, Abeer Alsofyani, Rawiah A Alsiary, Maha Alanazi, Khalid Alonazi, A. Zaki, Zahraa Alali, Mashael Altoub, Talat Bukhari, Seba Abdo, Adel A. Alenazi, Faris Q.B. Alenzi","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i02/1824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i02/1824","url":null,"abstract":"Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii) is an intracellular protozoon that causes toxoplasmosis in one-third of the world's population. During pregnancy, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis rises during the second and third trimesters causing abortion and a mild mononucleosis-like syndrome. Normally, progesterone rises during pregnancy, but in the case of toxoplasmosis, the body raises prolactin to inhibit T. gondii. The present study investigated the relationship between Toxoplasma gondii infection (toxoplasmosis) and the concentration of both prolactin and progesterone in infected pregnant women. A systematic review approach was conducted to research the aim of this study. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched using the following keywords “Toxoplasma gondii” or “T.gondii” AND “protozoon” OR “toxoplasmosis” OR “animals” OR “prolactin” OR “progesterone.” Only primary studies were included, whereas reviews and non-experimental studies were excluded. Six studies met the inclusion criteria and were, therefore, reviewed in the present study. The six studies showed a reverse relationship between prolactin and progesterone, such that if one increases the other drops. Furthermore, Toxoplasmosis increased progesterone levels, which results in the suppression of prolactin levels. Thus, toxoplasmosis-induced progesterone secretion has an antagonistic effect on prolactin levels. Since prolactin strongly elicits innate and adaptive immune responses, toxoplasmosis-induced progesterone release dampens the immune response of the host and enhances susceptibility to severe toxoplasmosis.","PeriodicalId":503777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-08DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i02/1823
Abdulmajeed Qalil Alanzi, Rasmia Sabaan Almutairi, Eman Mohammed Alanzi, Bander Mohammed Alshuhri, Ali Mutaen, Mohammed I Shafeai, Fuad Rudiny, Saeed Saleh Banawas, Faris Q.B. Alenzi
Malaria, a disease prevalent in endemic regions, has been found to have significant impacts on hematological parameters, resulting in both direct and indirect effects. These effects have been linked to a considerable number of fatalities. However, certain hematological parameters in populations residing in malaria-endemic areas have yet to be consistently characterized as a benchmark for assessing the prevalence of malaria. This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic significance of certain hematological alterations in patients infected with malaria, based on the aforementioned fact. The study recruited a sample size of 99 individuals, comprising of 81 patients (cases) who tested positive for malaria and 18 healthy control adults. The male to female ratio in the malaria positive group was 3:1. The findings indicate that among individuals who tested positive for malaria, have low level of hemoglobin and high level of neutrophils. The presence of malaria was significantly linked to leukemia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia, all of which were deemed to be specific indicators for the diagnosis of malaria. The estimation of anemia was found to be specific as well as sensitive for the diagnosis of malaria. Thus, this study indicates that anemia provides the highest diagnostic significance among patients infected with malaria.
{"title":"The Relationship between Malaria and Hematological Parameters from Sabya General Hospital, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Abdulmajeed Qalil Alanzi, Rasmia Sabaan Almutairi, Eman Mohammed Alanzi, Bander Mohammed Alshuhri, Ali Mutaen, Mohammed I Shafeai, Fuad Rudiny, Saeed Saleh Banawas, Faris Q.B. Alenzi","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i02/1823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i02/1823","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria, a disease prevalent in endemic regions, has been found to have significant impacts on hematological parameters, resulting in both direct and indirect effects. These effects have been linked to a considerable number of fatalities. However, certain hematological parameters in populations residing in malaria-endemic areas have yet to be consistently characterized as a benchmark for assessing the prevalence of malaria. This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic significance of certain hematological alterations in patients infected with malaria, based on the aforementioned fact. The study recruited a sample size of 99 individuals, comprising of 81 patients (cases) who tested positive for malaria and 18 healthy control adults. The male to female ratio in the malaria positive group was 3:1. The findings indicate that among individuals who tested positive for malaria, have low level of hemoglobin and high level of neutrophils. The presence of malaria was significantly linked to leukemia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia, all of which were deemed to be specific indicators for the diagnosis of malaria. The estimation of anemia was found to be specific as well as sensitive for the diagnosis of malaria. Thus, this study indicates that anemia provides the highest diagnostic significance among patients infected with malaria.","PeriodicalId":503777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"37 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i02/1822
Amal F. Alshammary, Mohamed Alsowyan, Abdullah Alawain, Suad Alghamdi, Rawiah A Alsiary, Abeer Alsofyani, Shaihana Almatrrouk, Fahad N. Alonazi, Mona Alanazi, Afaf A Aldahish, Manal M. Aljohani, Essa E. Alanazi, A. A. Alahmari, A. Alenezy, Mashael Altoub, Sahar Aldosari, Adel A. Alenazi, Talat Bukhari, Seba Abdo, Faris Q.B. Alenzi
The coagulation system has gained significant interest in the recent past, especially in patients diagnosed with renal failure, as they are susceptible to significant comorbidity that requires anticoagulation. Research indicates that patients diagnosed with renal failure are at an increased risk of developing complications associated with coagulation abnormalities. Renal failure patients experience excessive bleeding even on new anticoagulants due to pharmacokinetic profile changes of the compounds. However, even without anticoagulants, the coagulation systems in patients with renal failure are profoundly changed, leading to significant morbidity and mortality in such patients. The underlying reasons for such problems involve the changes in the interaction of coagulation system components such as the platelets, coagulation cascade, and the vessel wall in the metabolic conditions of renal pathology. One meaningful way of evaluating the coagulation status of patients diagnosed with renal failure is through prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) blood tests. The two laboratory tests are used to evaluate coagulation disorders where the PT test measures the time it takes for blood to clot in response to prothrombin, a clotting factor, activation, and the PTT test measures the time it takes for blood to clot in response to clotting factor activation. This study evaluated PT and PTT levels of renal failure patients to determine their relationship with the disease’s severity and prognosis. The study was conducted as a collaboration study between PSAU and KELANA Association. Data were collected from 20 samples, and statistical analysis was done using the SPSS software version 2.0. The research findings indicated insignificant statistical differences between PT levels of renal failure patients and controls, while PTT levels in males significantly differed between patients and the controls. The study indicates that PTT levels can be used to indicate coagulation abnormalities in male patients diagnosed with renal failure.
近年来，凝血系统备受关注，尤其是被诊断出患有肾功能衰竭的患者，因为他们容易出现需要抗凝治疗的重大并发症。研究表明，确诊为肾衰竭的患者出现凝血异常相关并发症的风险更高。由于化合物的药代动力学特征发生变化，肾衰竭患者即使服用新的抗凝药物，也会出现出血过多的情况。然而，即使不使用抗凝血剂，肾衰竭患者的凝血系统也会发生深刻变化，从而导致此类患者出现严重的发病率和死亡率。造成这些问题的根本原因是凝血系统成分（如血小板、凝血级联和血管壁）在肾脏病理代谢条件下的相互作用发生了变化。通过凝血酶原时间（PT）和部分凝血活酶时间（PTT）血液化验来评估肾衰竭患者的凝血状态是一种有意义的方法。这两项实验室检测用于评估凝血功能障碍，其中 PT 检测用于测量凝血酶原（一种凝血因子）活化后血液凝固所需的时间，而 PTT 检测用于测量凝血因子活化后血液凝固所需的时间。这项研究评估了肾衰竭患者的 PT 和 PTT 水平，以确定它们与疾病严重程度和预后的关系。该研究由 PSAU 和 KELANA 协会合作进行。研究收集了 20 个样本的数据，并使用 SPSS 软件 2.0 版进行了统计分析。研究结果表明，肾衰竭患者的 PTT 水平与对照组之间的统计差异不明显，而男性患者的 PTT 水平与对照组之间存在显著差异。该研究表明，PTT水平可用于指示男性肾衰竭患者的凝血异常。
{"title":"PT and PTT; Are They Significant Indicators of Poor Prognosis in Severe Renal Failure Patients?","authors":"Amal F. Alshammary, Mohamed Alsowyan, Abdullah Alawain, Suad Alghamdi, Rawiah A Alsiary, Abeer Alsofyani, Shaihana Almatrrouk, Fahad N. Alonazi, Mona Alanazi, Afaf A Aldahish, Manal M. Aljohani, Essa E. Alanazi, A. A. Alahmari, A. Alenezy, Mashael Altoub, Sahar Aldosari, Adel A. Alenazi, Talat Bukhari, Seba Abdo, Faris Q.B. Alenzi","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i02/1822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i02/1822","url":null,"abstract":"The coagulation system has gained significant interest in the recent past, especially in patients diagnosed with renal failure, as they are susceptible to significant comorbidity that requires anticoagulation. Research indicates that patients diagnosed with renal failure are at an increased risk of developing complications associated with coagulation abnormalities. Renal failure patients experience excessive bleeding even on new anticoagulants due to pharmacokinetic profile changes of the compounds. However, even without anticoagulants, the coagulation systems in patients with renal failure are profoundly changed, leading to significant morbidity and mortality in such patients. The underlying reasons for such problems involve the changes in the interaction of coagulation system components such as the platelets, coagulation cascade, and the vessel wall in the metabolic conditions of renal pathology. One meaningful way of evaluating the coagulation status of patients diagnosed with renal failure is through prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) blood tests. The two laboratory tests are used to evaluate coagulation disorders where the PT test measures the time it takes for blood to clot in response to prothrombin, a clotting factor, activation, and the PTT test measures the time it takes for blood to clot in response to clotting factor activation. This study evaluated PT and PTT levels of renal failure patients to determine their relationship with the disease’s severity and prognosis. The study was conducted as a collaboration study between PSAU and KELANA Association. Data were collected from 20 samples, and statistical analysis was done using the SPSS software version 2.0. The research findings indicated insignificant statistical differences between PT levels of renal failure patients and controls, while PTT levels in males significantly differed between patients and the controls. The study indicates that PTT levels can be used to indicate coagulation abnormalities in male patients diagnosed with renal failure.","PeriodicalId":503777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"27 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i02/1821
Emmanuel Chijioke Uwakwe, Ugoji DARLINTON-PETER CHIBUZOR, Kelvin E. Ortuanya, P. C. Okoye, Enemma Christian Enemma, Chukwuma Elom, Chinomnso Stella MARCEL-ONWUDIWE
Background: Administering antispasmodics during labour could lead to faster and more effective dilatation of the cervix preventing prolonged labour. However, due to scarce information on it, with no generally agreed protocol for its use in labour. This study is aimed to see if we can have more positive findings to support the existing literature for probable consideration as a protocol in labour management. Methodology: This was equivalence, open label; placebo controlled randomized trial among nulliparous women over a six months period. Eligible participants were randomized to receive a slow intravenous medication of one of these three medications-Metoclopramide (10mg), Hyoscine Bromide (20mg) or placebo. They were managed according to the institutional intrapartum protocol. Primary outcome was the duration of first stage of labour. Secondary outcome includes the rate of cervical dilatation, total duration of labour, route of delivery and Apgar score at 5th minute. Data was analysed with SPSS, version 25.0 (2017, SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA) and by the concept of intention to treat protocol. P-value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Sixty women were included in the metoclopramide group, 59 women in the hyoscine bromide group and 61 women in the placebo group. There was statistically significant difference in the mean reduction of the first stage of labour (263.84±139.44mins=Metoclopramide), (Hyoscine Bromide=241.33±121.56mins) and (placebo = 318.43±203.44mins). The total mean duration of labour was significantly significant different among the groups (P<0.05), (295.86±138.7 = Metoclopramide, (271.69±122.35 = hyoscine butyl bromide) and (350.24±201.48 = placebo). There are no statistically significant differences among other variables studied. Conclusion: Metoclopramide is as effective as hyoscine butyl bromide in shortening duration of first stage of labour in nulliparous women with no recorded adverse effect. I recommend that they should be introduced as part of the protocol in active management of labour. Clinical Trial.gov: NCT05222646
{"title":"Metoclopramide Versus Hyosine Butyl-Bromide in Shortening Duration of First Stage of Labour Among Nulliparous Women in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State","authors":"Emmanuel Chijioke Uwakwe, Ugoji DARLINTON-PETER CHIBUZOR, Kelvin E. Ortuanya, P. C. Okoye, Enemma Christian Enemma, Chukwuma Elom, Chinomnso Stella MARCEL-ONWUDIWE","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i02/1821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i02/1821","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Administering antispasmodics during labour could lead to faster and more effective dilatation of the cervix preventing prolonged labour. However, due to scarce information on it, with no generally agreed protocol for its use in labour. This study is aimed to see if we can have more positive findings to support the existing literature for probable consideration as a protocol in labour management. Methodology: This was equivalence, open label; placebo controlled randomized trial among nulliparous women over a six months period. Eligible participants were randomized to receive a slow intravenous medication of one of these three medications-Metoclopramide (10mg), Hyoscine Bromide (20mg) or placebo. They were managed according to the institutional intrapartum protocol. Primary outcome was the duration of first stage of labour. Secondary outcome includes the rate of cervical dilatation, total duration of labour, route of delivery and Apgar score at 5th minute. Data was analysed with SPSS, version 25.0 (2017, SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA) and by the concept of intention to treat protocol. P-value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Sixty women were included in the metoclopramide group, 59 women in the hyoscine bromide group and 61 women in the placebo group. There was statistically significant difference in the mean reduction of the first stage of labour (263.84±139.44mins=Metoclopramide), (Hyoscine Bromide=241.33±121.56mins) and (placebo = 318.43±203.44mins). The total mean duration of labour was significantly significant different among the groups (P<0.05), (295.86±138.7 = Metoclopramide, (271.69±122.35 = hyoscine butyl bromide) and (350.24±201.48 = placebo). There are no statistically significant differences among other variables studied. Conclusion: Metoclopramide is as effective as hyoscine butyl bromide in shortening duration of first stage of labour in nulliparous women with no recorded adverse effect. I recommend that they should be introduced as part of the protocol in active management of labour.\u0000Clinical Trial.gov: NCT05222646","PeriodicalId":503777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"2 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i02/1820
P. C. Okoye, Ugoji DARLINTON-PETER CHIBUZOR, C. Anikwe, A. C. Ikeotuonye, Emmanuel Chijioke Uwakwe, Njideka Linda Okoye, I. Ebere
Background: Post-Caesarean section morbidity due to pain is a health concern to both the mother and the clinician. This is because good post-operative pain control helps early recovery and mother-baby bonding with early discharge. Various combinations aimed at this have not had any consensus unlike labour analgesia. This study is aimed at helping clinicians in decision making toward post cesarean pain analgesia. Methodology: This was a double-blinded randomized controlled trial following Caesarean section under spinal anesthesia over a 6month period. One hundred and seventy eligible participants were randomized into two groups. Group A received intramuscular Tramadol 100mg 8 hourly for 24 hours. Group B received intramuscular acetaminophen 600mg 8 hourly for 24 hours. Both groups received Rectal Diclofenac 100mg 8 hourly for 24 hours. The first dose of the drugs was administered one hour after the surgery. All the participants received 10mg of prophylactic metoclopramide. The outcome measures were post-caesarean pain score, participants’ satisfaction and maternal side effects within the first 24 hours. The pain control was assessed using visual analogue scale while patients’ satisfaction was assessed with Likert scale. Analysis: Absolute and relative frequencies of categorical variables, mean, range and standard deviation of continuous variables were calculated. Associations between continuous variables were analyzed using students t-test while chi-square (χ2) test (or Fisher’s exact test where applicable) was used for categorical variables. A P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The overall pain score was statistically significantly in the diclofenac-tramadol group (P-value <0.001). The Acetaminophen group required more rescue analgesia (63.5% Vs 34.1%) and this was statistically significant (P-value <0.001). The level of association between the types of caesarean section and pain scores both at rest and with movement was statistically significant, with Tramadol group having better pain control. The composite scores in both groups, both at rest, with movement and the types of caesarean section were not statistically significant. On patients satisfaction, 67.1% of the diclofenac-tramadol group was very satisfied as against 30.6% in the diclofenac-acetaminophen group and was statistically significant (P-value = 0.001). The side effect profile was not significant between the two groups. However, the commonest side effects were Dizziness and nausea, which were more in the Tramadol group (10.6% Vs 7.1%). Conclusion: The diclofenac–tramadol combination was more effective in pain control with better patients’ satisfaction and minimal side effects.
{"title":"Diclofenac-Tramadol Versus Diclofenac-Acetaminophen Combination for Post Caesarean Section Pain Control: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"P. C. Okoye, Ugoji DARLINTON-PETER CHIBUZOR, C. Anikwe, A. C. Ikeotuonye, Emmanuel Chijioke Uwakwe, Njideka Linda Okoye, I. Ebere","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i02/1820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i02/1820","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Post-Caesarean section morbidity due to pain is a health concern to both the mother and the clinician. This is because good post-operative pain control helps early recovery and mother-baby bonding with early discharge. Various combinations aimed at this have not had any consensus unlike labour analgesia. This study is aimed at helping clinicians in decision making toward post cesarean pain analgesia. Methodology: This was a double-blinded randomized controlled trial following Caesarean section under spinal anesthesia over a 6month period. One hundred and seventy eligible participants were randomized into two groups. Group A received intramuscular Tramadol 100mg 8 hourly for 24 hours. Group B received intramuscular acetaminophen 600mg 8 hourly for 24 hours. Both groups received Rectal Diclofenac 100mg 8 hourly for 24 hours. The first dose of the drugs was administered one hour after the surgery. All the participants received 10mg of prophylactic metoclopramide. The outcome measures were post-caesarean pain score, participants’ satisfaction and maternal side effects within the first 24 hours. The pain control was assessed using visual analogue scale while patients’ satisfaction was assessed with Likert scale. Analysis: Absolute and relative frequencies of categorical variables, mean, range and standard deviation of continuous variables were calculated. Associations between continuous variables were analyzed using students t-test while chi-square (χ2) test (or Fisher’s exact test where applicable) was used for categorical variables. A P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The overall pain score was statistically significantly in the diclofenac-tramadol group (P-value <0.001). The Acetaminophen group required more rescue analgesia (63.5% Vs 34.1%) and this was statistically significant (P-value <0.001). The level of association between the types of caesarean section and pain scores both at rest and with movement was statistically significant, with Tramadol group having better pain control. The composite scores in both groups, both at rest, with movement and the types of caesarean section were not statistically significant. On patients satisfaction, 67.1% of the diclofenac-tramadol group was very satisfied as against 30.6% in the diclofenac-acetaminophen group and was statistically significant (P-value = 0.001). The side effect profile was not significant between the two groups. However, the commonest side effects were Dizziness and nausea, which were more in the Tramadol group (10.6% Vs 7.1%). Conclusion: The diclofenac–tramadol combination was more effective in pain control with better patients’ satisfaction and minimal side effects.","PeriodicalId":503777,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"59 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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