Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transele.2022fus0002
S. Nishiyama, Kimihiko Kato, Yongxun Liu, R. Mizokuchi, J. Yoneda, T. Kodera, T. Mori
{"title":"Single-Electron Transistor Operation of a Physically Defined Silicon Quantum Dot Device Fabricated by Electron Beam Lithography Employing a Negative-Tone Resist","authors":"S. Nishiyama, Kimihiko Kato, Yongxun Liu, R. Mizokuchi, J. Yoneda, T. Kodera, T. Mori","doi":"10.1587/transele.2022fus0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2022fus0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50384,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","volume":"106 1","pages":"592-596"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67306243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transele.2022cts0002
R. Takahashi, Takuji Miki, M. Nagata
SUMMARY This brief presents a side-channel attack (SCA) technique on a high-speed asynchronous successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digitalconverter(ADC).Theproposeddualneuralnetworkbasedonmultiplenoisewaveformsseparatelydisclosessignandabsolutevalue informationofinputsignalswhicharehiddenbythedifferentialstructureandhigh-speedasynchronousoperation.ThetargetSARADCandon-chip noisemonitorsaredesignedonasingleprototypechipforSCAdemon-stration.Fabricatedin40nm,theexperimentalresultsshowtheproposed attack on the asynchronous SAR ADC successfully restores the input data with a competitive accuracy within 300mV rms error.
{"title":"An Analog Side-Channel Attack on a High-Speed Asynchronous SAR ADC Using Dual Neural Network Technique","authors":"R. Takahashi, Takuji Miki, M. Nagata","doi":"10.1587/transele.2022cts0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2022cts0002","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY This brief presents a side-channel attack (SCA) technique on a high-speed asynchronous successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digitalconverter(ADC).Theproposeddualneuralnetworkbasedonmultiplenoisewaveformsseparatelydisclosessignandabsolutevalue informationofinputsignalswhicharehiddenbythedifferentialstructureandhigh-speedasynchronousoperation.ThetargetSARADCandon-chip noisemonitorsaredesignedonasingleprototypechipforSCAdemon-stration.Fabricatedin40nm,theexperimentalresultsshowtheproposed attack on the asynchronous SAR ADC successfully restores the input data with a competitive accuracy within 300mV rms error.","PeriodicalId":50384,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","volume":"106 1","pages":"565-569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67306361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transele.2023mmi0004
Kazuki Yukawa, T. Matsumuro, T. Ishizaki, Y. Ishikawa
SUMMARY Recently, “Both-Side Retrodirective System” was proposed, as a beam convergence technique, for microwave high power transmission. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the both-side retrodirective system by experiment, the authors propose a 2-dimensional measurement equipment. Propagation in the parallel plate waveguide was analogized based on free-space propagation, and the theory and characteristics were clarified by simulation. The electric field distribution in the waveguide was measured by electric probe with the proposed equipment. Two types of measurement equipment were developed. One is a 4-element experiment system, which is a small-scale device for principle verification. The other is a 16-element measurement equipment, which is intended to evaluate beam convergence of a both-side retrodirective system in the next step. The measured results were compared with simulation results. As a result, it was confirmed that the beam formed in the waveguide was successfully measured. Thus, the effectiveness of 2-dimensional measurement equipment for evaluation of beam convergence was shown.
{"title":"A Study on Evaluation Method for Beam Profile of Phased Array by Using Two-Dimensional Measurement Equipment","authors":"Kazuki Yukawa, T. Matsumuro, T. Ishizaki, Y. Ishikawa","doi":"10.1587/transele.2023mmi0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2023mmi0004","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Recently, “Both-Side Retrodirective System” was proposed, as a beam convergence technique, for microwave high power transmission. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the both-side retrodirective system by experiment, the authors propose a 2-dimensional measurement equipment. Propagation in the parallel plate waveguide was analogized based on free-space propagation, and the theory and characteristics were clarified by simulation. The electric field distribution in the waveguide was measured by electric probe with the proposed equipment. Two types of measurement equipment were developed. One is a 4-element experiment system, which is a small-scale device for principle verification. The other is a 16-element measurement equipment, which is intended to evaluate beam convergence of a both-side retrodirective system in the next step. The measured results were compared with simulation results. As a result, it was confirmed that the beam formed in the waveguide was successfully measured. Thus, the effectiveness of 2-dimensional measurement equipment for evaluation of beam convergence was shown.","PeriodicalId":50384,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","volume":"1 1","pages":"643-650"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67306552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transele.2022ocp0003
Shunzo Takahashi, Taichiro Fukui, Ryota Tanomura, Kento Komatsu, Yoshitaka Taguchi, Y. Ozeki, Y. Nakano, Takuo Tanemura
SUMMARY The optical phased array (OPA) is an emerging non-mechanical device that enables high-speed beam steering by emitting precisely phase-controlled lightwaves from numerous optical antennas. In practice, however, it is challenging to drive all phase shifters on an OPA in a deterministic manner due to the inevitable fabrication-induced phase errors and crosstalk between the phase shifters. In this work, we fabricate a 16-element silicon photonic non-redundant OPA chip with integrated phase monitors and experimentally demonstrate accurate monitoring of the relative phases of light from each optical antenna. Under the beam steering condition, the optical phase retrieved from the on-chip phase monitors varies linearly with the steering angle, as theoretically expected.
{"title":"Silicon photonic optical phased array with integrated phase monitors","authors":"Shunzo Takahashi, Taichiro Fukui, Ryota Tanomura, Kento Komatsu, Yoshitaka Taguchi, Y. Ozeki, Y. Nakano, Takuo Tanemura","doi":"10.1587/transele.2022ocp0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2022ocp0003","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The optical phased array (OPA) is an emerging non-mechanical device that enables high-speed beam steering by emitting precisely phase-controlled lightwaves from numerous optical antennas. In practice, however, it is challenging to drive all phase shifters on an OPA in a deterministic manner due to the inevitable fabrication-induced phase errors and crosstalk between the phase shifters. In this work, we fabricate a 16-element silicon photonic non-redundant OPA chip with integrated phase monitors and experimentally demonstrate accurate monitoring of the relative phases of light from each optical antenna. Under the beam steering condition, the optical phase retrieved from the on-chip phase monitors varies linearly with the steering angle, as theoretically expected.","PeriodicalId":50384,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","volume":"1 1","pages":"748-756"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67306702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transele.2023mmp0003
A. Hirai, Yuki Tsukui, K. Tsutsumi, K. Mori
{"title":"Variable-Gain Phase Shifter with Phase Compensation using Varactors","authors":"A. Hirai, Yuki Tsukui, K. Tsutsumi, K. Mori","doi":"10.1587/transele.2023mmp0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2023mmp0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50384,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","volume":"5 1","pages":"677-688"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67306734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transele.2022ocp0004
H. Muranaka, T. Kato, Shun Okada, Tokuharu Kimura, Yu Tanaka, Tsuyoshi Yamamoto, I. Sackey, G. Ronniger, R. Elschner, C. Schmidt-Langhorst, C. Schubert, T. Hoshida
SUMMARY One of cost-effective ways to increase the transmission capacity of current standard wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems is to use a wavelength band other than the C-band to transmit in multi-band. We proposed the concept of multi-band system using wavelength conversion, which can simultaneously process signals over a wide wavelength range. All-optical wavelength conversion could be used to convert C-band WDM signals into other bands in a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) by four-wave mixing and allow to simultaneously transmit multiple WDM signals including other than the C-band, with only C-band transceivers. Wavelength conversion has been reported for various nonlinear waveguide materials other than HNLF. In such nonlinear materials, we noticed the possibility of wideband transmission by dispersion-tailored silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides. Based on the CMOS process has high accuracy, it is expected that the chromatic dispersion fluctuation could be reduced in mass production. As a first step in the investigation of the broadness of wavelength conversion using SOI-based waveguides, we designed and fabricated dispersion-tailored 12 strip waveguides provided with an edge coupler at both ends. Each of the 12 waveguides having different widths and lengths and is connected to fibers via lensed fibers or by lenses. In order to characterize each waveguide, the pump-probe experimental setup was constructed using a tunable light source as pump and an unmodulated 96-ch C-band WDM test signal. Using this setup, we evaluate insertion loss, input power dependence, conversion bandwidth and conversion efficiency. We confirmed C-band test signal was converted to the S-band and the L-band using the same silicon waveguide with 3 dB conversion bandwidth over 100-nm. Furthermore, an increased design tolerance of at least 90 nm was confirmed for C-to-S conversion by shortening the waveguide length. It is confirmed that the wavelength converters using the nonlinear waveguide has sufficiently wide conversion bandwidth to enhance the multi-band WDM transmission system.
{"title":"Design and Characterization of Dispersion-Tailored Silicon Strip Waveguides toward Wideband Wavelength Conversion","authors":"H. Muranaka, T. Kato, Shun Okada, Tokuharu Kimura, Yu Tanaka, Tsuyoshi Yamamoto, I. Sackey, G. Ronniger, R. Elschner, C. Schmidt-Langhorst, C. Schubert, T. Hoshida","doi":"10.1587/transele.2022ocp0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2022ocp0004","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY One of cost-effective ways to increase the transmission capacity of current standard wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems is to use a wavelength band other than the C-band to transmit in multi-band. We proposed the concept of multi-band system using wavelength conversion, which can simultaneously process signals over a wide wavelength range. All-optical wavelength conversion could be used to convert C-band WDM signals into other bands in a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) by four-wave mixing and allow to simultaneously transmit multiple WDM signals including other than the C-band, with only C-band transceivers. Wavelength conversion has been reported for various nonlinear waveguide materials other than HNLF. In such nonlinear materials, we noticed the possibility of wideband transmission by dispersion-tailored silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides. Based on the CMOS process has high accuracy, it is expected that the chromatic dispersion fluctuation could be reduced in mass production. As a first step in the investigation of the broadness of wavelength conversion using SOI-based waveguides, we designed and fabricated dispersion-tailored 12 strip waveguides provided with an edge coupler at both ends. Each of the 12 waveguides having different widths and lengths and is connected to fibers via lensed fibers or by lenses. In order to characterize each waveguide, the pump-probe experimental setup was constructed using a tunable light source as pump and an unmodulated 96-ch C-band WDM test signal. Using this setup, we evaluate insertion loss, input power dependence, conversion bandwidth and conversion efficiency. We confirmed C-band test signal was converted to the S-band and the L-band using the same silicon waveguide with 3 dB conversion bandwidth over 100-nm. Furthermore, an increased design tolerance of at least 90 nm was confirmed for C-to-S conversion by shortening the waveguide length. It is confirmed that the wavelength converters using the nonlinear waveguide has sufficiently wide conversion bandwidth to enhance the multi-band WDM transmission system.","PeriodicalId":50384,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","volume":"1 1","pages":"757-764"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67306763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transele.2023mms0001
Jaeyong Ko, Namkyoung Kim, Kyungho Yoo, T. Chung
{"title":"A Low-Phase-Noise RF Up/Down-Converter for Cost-Effective 5G millimeter-Wave Test Solutions","authors":"Jaeyong Ko, Namkyoung Kim, Kyungho Yoo, T. Chung","doi":"10.1587/transele.2023mms0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2023mms0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50384,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","volume":"9 1","pages":"713-717"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67307262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transele.2023mms0003
Naoki Umezawa, S. Oshiba
{"title":"MIMO systems with Neural Networks in OFDM-based WDM Visible Light Communications","authors":"Naoki Umezawa, S. Oshiba","doi":"10.1587/transele.2023mms0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2023mms0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50384,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","volume":"1 1","pages":"727-730"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67307323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1587/transele.2023ecp5030
Yuanhe Xue, Wei Yan, Xuan Liu, Mengxia Zhou, Yang Zhao, Hao Ma
Model-based sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is promising for high-speed operation to estimate motor state, which is the speed and the position of the rotor, via electric signals of the stator, beside the inevitable fact that estimation accuracy is degraded by electromagnet interference (EMI) from switching devices of the converter. In this paper, the simulation system based on Luenberger observer and phase-locked loop (PLL) has been established, analyzing impacts of EMI on motor state estimations theoretically, exploring influences of EMI with different cutoff frequency, rated speeds, frequencies and amplitudes. The results show that Luenberger observer and PLL have strong immunity, which enable PMSM can still operate stably even under certain degrees of interference. EMI produces sideband harmonics that enlarge pulsation errors of speed and position estimations. Additionally, estimation errors are positively correlated with cutoff frequency of low-pass filter and the amplitude of EMI, and negatively correlated with rated speed of the motor and the frequency of EMI. When the frequency is too high, its effects on motor state estimations are negligible. This work contributes to the comprehensive understanding of how EMI affects motor state estimations, which further enhances practical application of sensorless PMSM.
{"title":"Effects of Electromagnet Interference on Speed and Position Estimations of Sensorless SPMSM","authors":"Yuanhe Xue, Wei Yan, Xuan Liu, Mengxia Zhou, Yang Zhao, Hao Ma","doi":"10.1587/transele.2023ecp5030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2023ecp5030","url":null,"abstract":"Model-based sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is promising for high-speed operation to estimate motor state, which is the speed and the position of the rotor, via electric signals of the stator, beside the inevitable fact that estimation accuracy is degraded by electromagnet interference (EMI) from switching devices of the converter. In this paper, the simulation system based on Luenberger observer and phase-locked loop (PLL) has been established, analyzing impacts of EMI on motor state estimations theoretically, exploring influences of EMI with different cutoff frequency, rated speeds, frequencies and amplitudes. The results show that Luenberger observer and PLL have strong immunity, which enable PMSM can still operate stably even under certain degrees of interference. EMI produces sideband harmonics that enlarge pulsation errors of speed and position estimations. Additionally, estimation errors are positively correlated with cutoff frequency of low-pass filter and the amplitude of EMI, and negatively correlated with rated speed of the motor and the frequency of EMI. When the frequency is too high, its effects on motor state estimations are negligible. This work contributes to the comprehensive understanding of how EMI affects motor state estimations, which further enhances practical application of sensorless PMSM.","PeriodicalId":50384,"journal":{"name":"IEICE Transactions on Electronics","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135562965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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