Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.43.0086
Pavel Purkart, David Vodák
The railway traffic path capacity and the issue of railway buildings planning are topics that are widely discussed in professional groups. Experts often do not the same opinions on these topics. The issue of the allocation of railway traffic path capacity is given in general legislation and further by regulations or directives of a particular railway operator. Carriers are obliged to agree to these conditions. In the case of railway buildings planning, there are also comprehensive defined procedures and selected methods and models which are used to evaluate buildings planning (for example, a four-stage transport model or a logit model). However, it is appropriate to deal with the idea of whether all these procedures are correct and whether it is not appropriate to make changes, especially in the long-established procedures, that would better reflect the current and future reality and society needs.
{"title":"Expert questionnaire on the issue of economical use of the railway traffic path capacity and buildings preparation on the railway","authors":"Pavel Purkart, David Vodák","doi":"10.14311/app.2023.43.0086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2023.43.0086","url":null,"abstract":"The railway traffic path capacity and the issue of railway buildings planning are topics that are widely discussed in professional groups. Experts often do not the same opinions on these topics. The issue of the allocation of railway traffic path capacity is given in general legislation and further by regulations or directives of a particular railway operator. Carriers are obliged to agree to these conditions. In the case of railway buildings planning, there are also comprehensive defined procedures and selected methods and models which are used to evaluate buildings planning (for example, a four-stage transport model or a logit model). However, it is appropriate to deal with the idea of whether all these procedures are correct and whether it is not appropriate to make changes, especially in the long-established procedures, that would better reflect the current and future reality and society needs.","PeriodicalId":503914,"journal":{"name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139247856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.43.0006
Vojtěch Dybala
The dynamic behaviour and dynamic phenomena in traction drives of railway vehicle has been studied for decades. Generally, in these days the motivation for this research is to look for answers related with service problems, which has been risen, e.g. an overloading of mechanical components as wheelsets or an intention to improve control systems of traction drives of railway vehicles. This problematic has also motivated the research at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at the Czech Technical University (CTU) in Prague. Nowadays it is also usual, that the main research tool has been a simulation based on a mathematical model of a railway vehicle or its specific components, as testing on real vehicles is very demanding regarding costs. However, there is an alternative – a roller rig. At the CTU in Prague there has been modernized the second roller rig for purposes of measurement regarding the torsion dynamics research, to support PhD students for their theses and possibly to extend the education for students oriented on the railway vehicle’s design. This contribution brings results of measurements just from the problematics of torsion oscillations and dynamics. Specifically, further presented measurements are on the loss of the adhesion in the contact of the wheelset and rollers, as the substitution for the railway, its impact on the reaction rod overloading and study of the axle load influence on the transition phenomena.
{"title":"The measurement of the influence of the adhesion loss on the dynamic load of the drive reaction rod on the roller rig","authors":"Vojtěch Dybala","doi":"10.14311/app.2023.43.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2023.43.0006","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic behaviour and dynamic phenomena in traction drives of railway vehicle has been studied for decades. Generally, in these days the motivation for this research is to look for answers related with service problems, which has been risen, e.g. an overloading of mechanical components as wheelsets or an intention to improve control systems of traction drives of railway vehicles. This problematic has also motivated the research at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at the Czech Technical University (CTU) in Prague. Nowadays it is also usual, that the main research tool has been a simulation based on a mathematical model of a railway vehicle or its specific components, as testing on real vehicles is very demanding regarding costs. However, there is an alternative – a roller rig. At the CTU in Prague there has been modernized the second roller rig for purposes of measurement regarding the torsion dynamics research, to support PhD students for their theses and possibly to extend the education for students oriented on the railway vehicle’s design. This contribution brings results of measurements just from the problematics of torsion oscillations and dynamics. Specifically, further presented measurements are on the loss of the adhesion in the contact of the wheelset and rollers, as the substitution for the railway, its impact on the reaction rod overloading and study of the axle load influence on the transition phenomena.","PeriodicalId":503914,"journal":{"name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139250432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.43.0045
Martin Chýle, Michal Drábek
The article presents the potential of freight railway transport in terms of saving of emissions and maximizing the efficiency of operation. Attention is paid to the transport of freight trains on electrified lines with higher gradients (up to 25‰), alternatively with the possibility of a trip to non-electrified lines and sidings, which generate significant extra costs in the operation of trains and are often a reason for the carrier to deploy a locomotive of independent traction (diesel-electric) even in electrified line sections, even at the cost of increased operating costs and increased emissions. There are many such lines and possibilities of use within the Central European region and the Czech Republic.In the first part of the article, the basic categorisation of dual-mode freight locomotives and their suitability for individual operating programmes is presented. This part also describes current situation on the rolling stock market in general and directions of development taken by various locomotive manufacturers.Case studies of deployment of real freight locomotives on chosen Czech railway lines are used in the next part to present the possibilities for energy and cost savings when replacing a vehicle with independent traction by an electric or dual-mode locomotive, at least in sections equipped with overhead catenary. The pros and cons of using several possible solutions are described in detail. Further considerable savings can be achieved by, among other things, using regenerative braking and returning the generated electricity back to the catenary system when driving downhill. In this respect, however, it is also necessary to cooperate with the infrastructure manager, who must also adapt the railway lines to the operation of these vehicles.Finally, general rules for operational deployments on which the replacement of a conventional vehicle by a dual or pure electric vehicle can be considered are formulated.
{"title":"Ecological solutions for freight trains","authors":"Martin Chýle, Michal Drábek","doi":"10.14311/app.2023.43.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2023.43.0045","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the potential of freight railway transport in terms of saving of emissions and maximizing the efficiency of operation. Attention is paid to the transport of freight trains on electrified lines with higher gradients (up to 25‰), alternatively with the possibility of a trip to non-electrified lines and sidings, which generate significant extra costs in the operation of trains and are often a reason for the carrier to deploy a locomotive of independent traction (diesel-electric) even in electrified line sections, even at the cost of increased operating costs and increased emissions. There are many such lines and possibilities of use within the Central European region and the Czech Republic.In the first part of the article, the basic categorisation of dual-mode freight locomotives and their suitability for individual operating programmes is presented. This part also describes current situation on the rolling stock market in general and directions of development taken by various locomotive manufacturers.Case studies of deployment of real freight locomotives on chosen Czech railway lines are used in the next part to present the possibilities for energy and cost savings when replacing a vehicle with independent traction by an electric or dual-mode locomotive, at least in sections equipped with overhead catenary. The pros and cons of using several possible solutions are described in detail. Further considerable savings can be achieved by, among other things, using regenerative braking and returning the generated electricity back to the catenary system when driving downhill. In this respect, however, it is also necessary to cooperate with the infrastructure manager, who must also adapt the railway lines to the operation of these vehicles.Finally, general rules for operational deployments on which the replacement of a conventional vehicle by a dual or pure electric vehicle can be considered are formulated.","PeriodicalId":503914,"journal":{"name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139250562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.43.0111
Richard Svoboda, Dana Hubáčková, Jan Valehrach
The article focuses on the recycled materials used in sleeper substructure. In the introduction, it summarizes the requirements for bearing layers of railway substructure and recycling of waste construction materials. The article presents the materials on which laboratory tests have been carried out and discusses in detail the most perspective – recycled concrete. For concrete recyclate, the article describes the results of laboratory tests – sieve analysis, determination of optimum moisture, and determination of bearing capacity using California bearing ratio, Immediate bearing index and Static deformation modulus.
{"title":"Recycled materials for sublayers","authors":"Richard Svoboda, Dana Hubáčková, Jan Valehrach","doi":"10.14311/app.2023.43.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2023.43.0111","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the recycled materials used in sleeper substructure. In the introduction, it summarizes the requirements for bearing layers of railway substructure and recycling of waste construction materials. The article presents the materials on which laboratory tests have been carried out and discusses in detail the most perspective – recycled concrete. For concrete recyclate, the article describes the results of laboratory tests – sieve analysis, determination of optimum moisture, and determination of bearing capacity using California bearing ratio, Immediate bearing index and Static deformation modulus.","PeriodicalId":503914,"journal":{"name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139250276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.43.0093
Jakub Seidl
In recent years, there has been a large increase in passenger and public transport in cities. An increase in traffic flow results in an increasing risk of accidents. Manufacturers and operators of trams are increasingly subject to higher requirements for ensuring the safety of vehicles. Vehicle safety can be divided into two groups: active and passive safety. Systems and elements of active safety are intended to reduce the risk of accidents. Systems and elements of passive safety are intended to minimize the consequences of accidents. The requirements for the passive safety of newly designed railway vehicles are described in standard EN 15227. Standard EN 15227 was created due to the effort to protect passengers and crew inside railway vehicles in the event of an accident, so it is a so-called self-protection. The standard EN 15227 does not stipulate any requirements for so-called partner protection. Partner protection means an approach in which the vehicle protects passengers inside and outside the vehicle with its deformation elements.This article deals with the issue of how the construction of the front of tram vehicles designed according to the requirements of the standard EN 15227 will affect the consequences of tram´s accidents with passenger cars. The first part of the article describes the requirements of the standard EN 15227 for newly designed trams. Than it describes the creation and evaluation of tram accident statistics in the Czech Republic for the years 2016 to 2018 with regard to the types of collision vehicles, collision directions and consequences of accidents. From the results of the evaluation of the accident statistics, a collision scenario was determined, in which the passengers inside cars were most often injured. The last part of the article is devoted to the creation of simulation models of accidents of three trams with a car and evaluation of simulation calculations with regard to the risk of injury to car´s driver in an accident with trams using human biomechanical criteria.
近年来，城市客运和公共交通大量增加。交通流量的增加导致事故风险不断增加。有轨电车制造商和运营商对确保车辆安全的要求越来越高。车辆安全可分为两类：主动安全和被动安全。主动安全系统和要素旨在降低事故风险。被动安全系统和元件的目的是最大限度地减少事故后果。EN 15227 标准对新设计铁路车辆的被动安全要求进行了说明。EN 15227 标准的制定是为了在发生事故时保护铁路车辆内的乘客和乘务员，因此它是一种所谓的自我保护。EN 15227 标准没有对所谓的伙伴保护提出任何要求。本文讨论的问题是，按照 EN 15227 标准的要求设计的有轨电车前部结构将如何影响有轨电车与客车发生事故的后果。文章的第一部分介绍了 EN 15227 标准对新设计有轨电车的要求。然后介绍了捷克共和国 2016 年至 2018 年有轨电车事故统计数据的创建和评估情况，包括碰撞车辆类型、碰撞方向和事故后果。根据事故统计数据的评估结果，确定了车内乘客最常受伤的碰撞情况。文章的最后一部分专门论述了三辆有轨电车与一辆汽车发生事故的模拟模型的创建，以及利用人体生物力学标准对有轨电车事故中汽车驾驶员受伤风险的模拟计算进行评估。
{"title":"The influence of the construction of tram fronts on the consequences of accidents with passenger cars","authors":"Jakub Seidl","doi":"10.14311/app.2023.43.0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2023.43.0093","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a large increase in passenger and public transport in cities. An increase in traffic flow results in an increasing risk of accidents. Manufacturers and operators of trams are increasingly subject to higher requirements for ensuring the safety of vehicles. Vehicle safety can be divided into two groups: active and passive safety. Systems and elements of active safety are intended to reduce the risk of accidents. Systems and elements of passive safety are intended to minimize the consequences of accidents. The requirements for the passive safety of newly designed railway vehicles are described in standard EN 15227. Standard EN 15227 was created due to the effort to protect passengers and crew inside railway vehicles in the event of an accident, so it is a so-called self-protection. The standard EN 15227 does not stipulate any requirements for so-called partner protection. Partner protection means an approach in which the vehicle protects passengers inside and outside the vehicle with its deformation elements.This article deals with the issue of how the construction of the front of tram vehicles designed according to the requirements of the standard EN 15227 will affect the consequences of tram´s accidents with passenger cars. The first part of the article describes the requirements of the standard EN 15227 for newly designed trams. Than it describes the creation and evaluation of tram accident statistics in the Czech Republic for the years 2016 to 2018 with regard to the types of collision vehicles, collision directions and consequences of accidents. From the results of the evaluation of the accident statistics, a collision scenario was determined, in which the passengers inside cars were most often injured. The last part of the article is devoted to the creation of simulation models of accidents of three trams with a car and evaluation of simulation calculations with regard to the risk of injury to car´s driver in an accident with trams using human biomechanical criteria.","PeriodicalId":503914,"journal":{"name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139249735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.43.0062
Josef Kolář
The paper analyses the history of two-axle rail vehicles (rail buses) used for operation on regional lines in Czechoslovakia. It also shows trends in the development of modern light autonomous rolling stocks usable for passenger transport on unprofitable regional lines in Western Europe. The measures adopted in the transport policy of the Czech Republic for the period 2021–2027 for regional railway vehicles in the Czech Republic are presented. The final part of the paper presents the results of study of the concepts of a two-axle hybrid and electric rail buses and a conceptual design of a modular solution of a partially low-floor vehicle BEMU and HEMU for passenger regional rail transport. This paper shows that it is very problematic to create a light rail vehicle (LVR) that will be economical and environmentally friendly for regional transport and at the same time will meet the requirements of standards ČSN EN 12 663, category P2 and ČSN EN 15 227, category C I and will be friendly to road users.
本文分析了捷克斯洛伐克用于地区线路运营的两轴轨道车辆（轨道客车）的历史。本文还介绍了西欧无利可图的地区线路上用于客运的现代轻型自主车辆的发展趋势。报告还介绍了捷克共和国 2021-2027 年运输政策中针对捷克共和国地区铁路车辆采取的措施。论文的最后一部分介绍了对两轴混合动力和电动铁路客车概念的研究结果，以及用于地区铁路客运的部分低地板车辆 BEMU 和 HEMU 模块化解决方案的概念设计。本文表明，要制造出既经济又环保的区域运输轻轨车辆 (LVR)，同时还要满足 ČSN EN 12 663（P2 类）和 ČSN EN 15 227（C I 类）标准的要求，并对道路使用者友好，这是非常困难的。
{"title":"Modern vehicles for regional railways","authors":"Josef Kolář","doi":"10.14311/app.2023.43.0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2023.43.0062","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyses the history of two-axle rail vehicles (rail buses) used for operation on regional lines in Czechoslovakia. It also shows trends in the development of modern light autonomous rolling stocks usable for passenger transport on unprofitable regional lines in Western Europe. The measures adopted in the transport policy of the Czech Republic for the period 2021–2027 for regional railway vehicles in the Czech Republic are presented. The final part of the paper presents the results of study of the concepts of a two-axle hybrid and electric rail buses and a conceptual design of a modular solution of a partially low-floor vehicle BEMU and HEMU for passenger regional rail transport. This paper shows that it is very problematic to create a light rail vehicle (LVR) that will be economical and environmentally friendly for regional transport and at the same time will meet the requirements of standards ČSN EN 12 663, category P2 and ČSN EN 15 227, category C I and will be friendly to road users.","PeriodicalId":503914,"journal":{"name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139250112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.14311/app.2023.43.0117
Jan Vrba
The paper presents the motivations for the application of actively controlled elements in the running gear of a rail vehicle and the challenges that need to be addressed before deploying vehicles with actively controlled elements in real operation. Furthermore, the paper presents the design of an active element concept and its control for steering the axles of an urban rail vehicle to improve the vehicle’s passage through small radius curves. The design takes into account the fundamental issues of cost and safety of the application of active elements, which are addressed in the presented control design by using data from autonomous driving subsystems such as the environmental database or the anti-collision system.
{"title":"Cooperation of active steering control of wheelsets with subsystems of an autonomous urban rail vehicle","authors":"Jan Vrba","doi":"10.14311/app.2023.43.0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2023.43.0117","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the motivations for the application of actively controlled elements in the running gear of a rail vehicle and the challenges that need to be addressed before deploying vehicles with actively controlled elements in real operation. Furthermore, the paper presents the design of an active element concept and its control for steering the axles of an urban rail vehicle to improve the vehicle’s passage through small radius curves. The design takes into account the fundamental issues of cost and safety of the application of active elements, which are addressed in the presented control design by using data from autonomous driving subsystems such as the environmental database or the anti-collision system.","PeriodicalId":503914,"journal":{"name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139247808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-17DOI: 10.14311/app.2020.26.0107
S. Šulc, V. Šmilauer, B. Patzák
Integrating applications or codes into MuPIF API Model enables easy integration of such APIs into any workflow representing complex multiphysical simulation. This concept of MuPIF also enables automatic code generation of the computational code for given workflow structure. This article describes a ’workflow generator’ tool for the code generation together with ’workflow editor’ graphical interface for interactive definition of the workflow structure and the inner data dependencies. The usage is explained on a thermo-mechanical simulation.
{"title":"MUPIF WORKFLOW EDITOR AND AUTOMATIC CODE GENERATOR","authors":"S. Šulc, V. Šmilauer, B. Patzák","doi":"10.14311/app.2020.26.0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2020.26.0107","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating applications or codes into MuPIF API Model enables easy integration of such APIs into any workflow representing complex multiphysical simulation. This concept of MuPIF also enables automatic code generation of the computational code for given workflow structure. This article describes a ’workflow generator’ tool for the code generation together with ’workflow editor’ graphical interface for interactive definition of the workflow structure and the inner data dependencies. The usage is explained on a thermo-mechanical simulation.","PeriodicalId":503914,"journal":{"name":"Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141222475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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