Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.3390/dietetics3030021
Fiifi Amoako Atta Panyin Essiam, Mary Amoako, R. Khanna
Neurocognitive deficits in children could be irreversible and detrimental to the overall wellbeing of children. Typically, children with this illness live lives below their mental and intellectual potential. The aim of this paper was to review primary evidence on the association between inflammatory biomarkers on neurocognition in children. Electronic databases such as Scopus, Cochrane Library, and PubMed were systematically searched to include all published data from 2000 to October 2023. The keywords included serum biomarker, cognition, executive function, intellectual ability, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurocognitive deficits, tau proteins, and children. A total of 8512 journal publications were obtained, but after the removal of duplicates, commentaries, and review papers, 9 papers were accepted for review. C-reactive protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), fibrinogen, plasma leptin, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1), and copper were associated with neurocognition in the subjects. This review revealed that there is no research published in sub-Saharan Africa and most of the sample sizes in the studies were small.
{"title":"Biomarkers for Assessing Diet-Related Neurocognitive Deficits in Children—A Systematic Review","authors":"Fiifi Amoako Atta Panyin Essiam, Mary Amoako, R. Khanna","doi":"10.3390/dietetics3030021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics3030021","url":null,"abstract":"Neurocognitive deficits in children could be irreversible and detrimental to the overall wellbeing of children. Typically, children with this illness live lives below their mental and intellectual potential. The aim of this paper was to review primary evidence on the association between inflammatory biomarkers on neurocognition in children. Electronic databases such as Scopus, Cochrane Library, and PubMed were systematically searched to include all published data from 2000 to October 2023. The keywords included serum biomarker, cognition, executive function, intellectual ability, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurocognitive deficits, tau proteins, and children. A total of 8512 journal publications were obtained, but after the removal of duplicates, commentaries, and review papers, 9 papers were accepted for review. C-reactive protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), fibrinogen, plasma leptin, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1), and copper were associated with neurocognition in the subjects. This review revealed that there is no research published in sub-Saharan Africa and most of the sample sizes in the studies were small.","PeriodicalId":503963,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.3390/dietetics3030020
Grigoria Gkavela, Eftychia Pappa, C. Rahiotis, Panagiota Mitrou
Caries is very common in the elderly as there are several aggravating factors, such as a decrease of the ability to self-care and, by extension, insufficient oral hygiene, a carious diet, limited exposure to fluoride, xerostomia, gingival recession, and limited access to dental care. This study aimed to review the dietary risk factors for root caries prevalence in older adults, from socially active people to frail patients. A comprehensive search strategy was used to select studies from PubMed and Scopus databases. Two evaluators performed data extraction, screening, and quality assessment independently. Only studies written in English were included. Root caries is prevalent in the elderly due to gingival recession and root exposure to the oral environment. Dietary risk factors significantly affect root caries prevalence in older adults, including a high intake of sugars and an alteration of their composition preference in this age group. Caries risk appears more significant in frail, institutionalized patients fed softer food or supplements.
{"title":"Dietary Habits and Caries Prevalence in Older Adults: A Scoping Review","authors":"Grigoria Gkavela, Eftychia Pappa, C. Rahiotis, Panagiota Mitrou","doi":"10.3390/dietetics3030020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics3030020","url":null,"abstract":"Caries is very common in the elderly as there are several aggravating factors, such as a decrease of the ability to self-care and, by extension, insufficient oral hygiene, a carious diet, limited exposure to fluoride, xerostomia, gingival recession, and limited access to dental care. This study aimed to review the dietary risk factors for root caries prevalence in older adults, from socially active people to frail patients. A comprehensive search strategy was used to select studies from PubMed and Scopus databases. Two evaluators performed data extraction, screening, and quality assessment independently. Only studies written in English were included. Root caries is prevalent in the elderly due to gingival recession and root exposure to the oral environment. Dietary risk factors significantly affect root caries prevalence in older adults, including a high intake of sugars and an alteration of their composition preference in this age group. Caries risk appears more significant in frail, institutionalized patients fed softer food or supplements.","PeriodicalId":503963,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.3390/dietetics3030019
Amanda Jenkins, Diva Murthy, A. Rangan
Declines in the mineral content of food have been reported in several countries. This study monitored reported changes in the mineral content of plant foods in Australian food composition databases between 1991 and 2022. Commonly consumed plant foods (n = 130), grouped as fruit, vegetables, legumes, grains, and nuts in raw unprocessed form, were matched between three reference databases from 1991, 2010, and 2022. Absolute and percentage differences in mineral content (iron, zinc, calcium, and magnesium) were calculated. During this 30-year period, 62 matched foods had updated mineral content. Iron content decreased significantly for fruit (48%) and vegetables (20%), although absolute differences were small (0.09–0.14 mg/100 g). Zinc content declined by 15% for fruit (<0.1 mg/100 g, absolute difference 0.03 mg/100 g), but no differences were observed for calcium and magnesium content. Potential reasons for any reported differences could not be explored using food composition data alone, likely due to biological, agricultural, and/or analytical factors. Nutritionally, these small differences are unlikely to have a major impact on the population’s nutritional status, although efforts to improve fruit and vegetable consumption are encouraged to meet recommendations.
{"title":"Monitoring the Mineral Content of Plant Foods in Food Composition Databases","authors":"Amanda Jenkins, Diva Murthy, A. Rangan","doi":"10.3390/dietetics3030019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics3030019","url":null,"abstract":"Declines in the mineral content of food have been reported in several countries. This study monitored reported changes in the mineral content of plant foods in Australian food composition databases between 1991 and 2022. Commonly consumed plant foods (n = 130), grouped as fruit, vegetables, legumes, grains, and nuts in raw unprocessed form, were matched between three reference databases from 1991, 2010, and 2022. Absolute and percentage differences in mineral content (iron, zinc, calcium, and magnesium) were calculated. During this 30-year period, 62 matched foods had updated mineral content. Iron content decreased significantly for fruit (48%) and vegetables (20%), although absolute differences were small (0.09–0.14 mg/100 g). Zinc content declined by 15% for fruit (<0.1 mg/100 g, absolute difference 0.03 mg/100 g), but no differences were observed for calcium and magnesium content. Potential reasons for any reported differences could not be explored using food composition data alone, likely due to biological, agricultural, and/or analytical factors. Nutritionally, these small differences are unlikely to have a major impact on the population’s nutritional status, although efforts to improve fruit and vegetable consumption are encouraged to meet recommendations.","PeriodicalId":503963,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141646457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.3390/dietetics3030018
Toshikazu Suzuki
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential compound for energy production in the mitochondria and the antioxidation of lipid-soluble substances in cells. As it can be biosynthesized in cells, CoQ10 is not an essential nutrient. However, its intake through meals contributes to the maintenance of CoQ10 levels in the body. Therefore, understanding the effects of daily diet on serum CoQ10 levels is crucial. This study investigated the effect of a two-week diet without meat or poultry, which are rich in CoQ10 content, on serum CoQ10 levels of 22 young women aged 20–21 years. Upon restricting the intake of meat and poultry, the participants’ average daily intake of CoQ10 from meals decreased from 2.1 ± 0.6 to 1.1 ± 0.5 mg/day. Simultaneously, the average serum reduced, oxidized, and total CoQ10 levels decreased by 14%, 31%, and 16%, respectively, after the two-week dietary intervention, whereas the reduced serum CoQ10 ratio increased significantly. These results suggest that meat and poultry are significant sources of CoQ10 in the diet. Dietary habits affect serum CoQ10 levels; however, further research is required to determine whether people who follow long-term diets with lower serum CoQ10 levels, such as a healthy reference diet proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission in addition to vegetarian and vegan diets, need CoQ10 supplementation to maintain health and achieve healthy longevity.
{"title":"Effect of a Two-Week Diet without Meat and Poultry on Serum Coenzyme Q10 Levels","authors":"Toshikazu Suzuki","doi":"10.3390/dietetics3030018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics3030018","url":null,"abstract":"Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential compound for energy production in the mitochondria and the antioxidation of lipid-soluble substances in cells. As it can be biosynthesized in cells, CoQ10 is not an essential nutrient. However, its intake through meals contributes to the maintenance of CoQ10 levels in the body. Therefore, understanding the effects of daily diet on serum CoQ10 levels is crucial. This study investigated the effect of a two-week diet without meat or poultry, which are rich in CoQ10 content, on serum CoQ10 levels of 22 young women aged 20–21 years. Upon restricting the intake of meat and poultry, the participants’ average daily intake of CoQ10 from meals decreased from 2.1 ± 0.6 to 1.1 ± 0.5 mg/day. Simultaneously, the average serum reduced, oxidized, and total CoQ10 levels decreased by 14%, 31%, and 16%, respectively, after the two-week dietary intervention, whereas the reduced serum CoQ10 ratio increased significantly. These results suggest that meat and poultry are significant sources of CoQ10 in the diet. Dietary habits affect serum CoQ10 levels; however, further research is required to determine whether people who follow long-term diets with lower serum CoQ10 levels, such as a healthy reference diet proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission in addition to vegetarian and vegan diets, need CoQ10 supplementation to maintain health and achieve healthy longevity.","PeriodicalId":503963,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141680746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.3390/dietetics3020016
Noshin Mubtasim, Benjamin Barr, Caleb Boren, Lauren Gollahon
The excess consumption of a high-fat diet has been identified as one of the factors contributing to obesity. Women are at higher risk of adult obesity than men, predisposing them to a different set of detrimental disease conditions. Furthermore, aging studies show that physiological decline also has a serious impact on changes in the endocrine properties of white adipose tissue. However, there is still relatively little known about the factors associated with obesity and aging and their compounding impacts on women’s health. To investigate changes in adipocytokine secretion profiles, obesity was induced in female C3H/HeJ mice through the long-term consumption of a high-fat diet. Weight gain measurements and the Echo MRI analysis of fat composition showed that increases were due solely to the high fat content in the diet. Adipocytokine secretions were analyzed in media conditioned from harvested visceral fat tissue that was organ-cultured ex vivo. Adipocytokine analysis performed across diets and ages showed that there were significant increases in Adiponectin and Leptin secretion in high-fat diets, accelerating increases in Resistin secretion in high-fat diets. Aging induced the increased secretion of Lipcalin-2, Pentraxin-3, Serpin E1, MCP-1, and ICAM-1, regardless of diet. Furthermore, the comparisons of organoid-cultured protein secretions and flash-frozen tissue samples differed greatly, suggesting the WAT organoid cultures may yield information that is more reflective of in situ conditions. Taken together, our results show that high-fat diets and aging in C3H/HeJ female mice significantly impact secretions from adipose tissue, which may contribute to women’s health issues.
{"title":"Effects of Aging on Secreted Adipocytokines in Visceral Fat of Female C3H/HeJ Mice Consuming a Long-Term High-Fat Diet","authors":"Noshin Mubtasim, Benjamin Barr, Caleb Boren, Lauren Gollahon","doi":"10.3390/dietetics3020016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics3020016","url":null,"abstract":"The excess consumption of a high-fat diet has been identified as one of the factors contributing to obesity. Women are at higher risk of adult obesity than men, predisposing them to a different set of detrimental disease conditions. Furthermore, aging studies show that physiological decline also has a serious impact on changes in the endocrine properties of white adipose tissue. However, there is still relatively little known about the factors associated with obesity and aging and their compounding impacts on women’s health. To investigate changes in adipocytokine secretion profiles, obesity was induced in female C3H/HeJ mice through the long-term consumption of a high-fat diet. Weight gain measurements and the Echo MRI analysis of fat composition showed that increases were due solely to the high fat content in the diet. Adipocytokine secretions were analyzed in media conditioned from harvested visceral fat tissue that was organ-cultured ex vivo. Adipocytokine analysis performed across diets and ages showed that there were significant increases in Adiponectin and Leptin secretion in high-fat diets, accelerating increases in Resistin secretion in high-fat diets. Aging induced the increased secretion of Lipcalin-2, Pentraxin-3, Serpin E1, MCP-1, and ICAM-1, regardless of diet. Furthermore, the comparisons of organoid-cultured protein secretions and flash-frozen tissue samples differed greatly, suggesting the WAT organoid cultures may yield information that is more reflective of in situ conditions. Taken together, our results show that high-fat diets and aging in C3H/HeJ female mice significantly impact secretions from adipose tissue, which may contribute to women’s health issues.","PeriodicalId":503963,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141348443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the United States, there is a high prevalence of diet-related diseases in low-income communities that lack access to fresh produce. Greater access to local farmers’ markets may affect individual and household intake of fruits and vegetables. However, barriers to farmers’ market access remain. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences between participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) who regularly shop at farmers’ markets and those who do not. We found that regular farmers’ market shoppers tended to consume on average more fruits and vegetables than WIC participants who did not regularly shop at farmers’ markets. Differences in the importance of various store or market characteristics, barriers to fruit and vegetable consumption, and fruit and vegetable procurement methods were also found.
{"title":"Differences in Farmers’ Market Patronage among Participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)","authors":"Renata Blumberg, E. Fowler, Gabrielle Guerrero, Yeon Bai, Meena Mahadevan, Pankaj Lal","doi":"10.3390/dietetics3020015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics3020015","url":null,"abstract":"In the United States, there is a high prevalence of diet-related diseases in low-income communities that lack access to fresh produce. Greater access to local farmers’ markets may affect individual and household intake of fruits and vegetables. However, barriers to farmers’ market access remain. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences between participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) who regularly shop at farmers’ markets and those who do not. We found that regular farmers’ market shoppers tended to consume on average more fruits and vegetables than WIC participants who did not regularly shop at farmers’ markets. Differences in the importance of various store or market characteristics, barriers to fruit and vegetable consumption, and fruit and vegetable procurement methods were also found.","PeriodicalId":503963,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141381011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.3390/dietetics3020014
Caroline H. Geist, Deana Hildebrand, Bryant H. Keirns, Sam R. Emerson
The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrition perspectives, basic nutrition knowledge, and preferred sources of nutrition information among students at a southwestern university in the US. An original online survey was used to evaluate common sources of nutrition information, factors viewed as comprising a healthy dietary pattern, and attitudes toward nutrition information and recommendations. A total of 316 participants completed the survey. Prioritizing fruits and vegetables was the most common response (97%) for characterizing healthy eating. When asked which factors characterize a non-healthy pattern of eating, eating sweets was the top response (83%). The most common sources of nutrition information reported were word of mouth/friends and family (56%), followed by social media (45%). The majority felt that nutrition recommendations are constantly changing (78%) and that nutrition information is confusing (55%). Our data indicate that most students rely primarily on informal sources of nutrition information. However, our preliminary data also suggest that many students have a fair understanding of basic principles of healthy eating. More research in a broader and more diverse sample is needed to validate these findings.
{"title":"Survey of Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes, and Preferred Informational Sources among Students at a Southwestern University in the United States: A Brief Report","authors":"Caroline H. Geist, Deana Hildebrand, Bryant H. Keirns, Sam R. Emerson","doi":"10.3390/dietetics3020014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics3020014","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrition perspectives, basic nutrition knowledge, and preferred sources of nutrition information among students at a southwestern university in the US. An original online survey was used to evaluate common sources of nutrition information, factors viewed as comprising a healthy dietary pattern, and attitudes toward nutrition information and recommendations. A total of 316 participants completed the survey. Prioritizing fruits and vegetables was the most common response (97%) for characterizing healthy eating. When asked which factors characterize a non-healthy pattern of eating, eating sweets was the top response (83%). The most common sources of nutrition information reported were word of mouth/friends and family (56%), followed by social media (45%). The majority felt that nutrition recommendations are constantly changing (78%) and that nutrition information is confusing (55%). Our data indicate that most students rely primarily on informal sources of nutrition information. However, our preliminary data also suggest that many students have a fair understanding of basic principles of healthy eating. More research in a broader and more diverse sample is needed to validate these findings.","PeriodicalId":503963,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140975158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.3390/dietetics3020013
Vanessa Böse, Marius Frenser, Melanie Schumacher, Tobias Fischer
The importance of digital tools for dietary assessment has increased in recent years, both commercially and scientifically. In the field of nutrition research, the digitization of dietary assessment methods presents many opportunities and risks. One of the main challenges is ensuring scientific quality while maintaining good usability. In this context, an evaluation tool was developed based on the guidelines of the European Food Safety Authorization (EFSA; 2009 and 2014), complemented by the usability aspect of health-related applications. This was followed by a literature search concerning the available dietary assessment tools, which were analyzed according to the evaluation criteria. Eight applications were included in the study after reviewing the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the digital tools. A total of thirty-eight requirements in eight main categories were defined for the evaluation, which the best possible dietary assessment tool should meet. The evaluation showed that none of the tested tools currently meet all the defined requirements or categories. The aspects of usability and the accuracy of data collection showed a positive correlation, suggesting a direct link between the two categories and providing an important approach for future developments.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Scientific Quality and Usability of Digital Dietary Assessment Tools","authors":"Vanessa Böse, Marius Frenser, Melanie Schumacher, Tobias Fischer","doi":"10.3390/dietetics3020013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics3020013","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of digital tools for dietary assessment has increased in recent years, both commercially and scientifically. In the field of nutrition research, the digitization of dietary assessment methods presents many opportunities and risks. One of the main challenges is ensuring scientific quality while maintaining good usability. In this context, an evaluation tool was developed based on the guidelines of the European Food Safety Authorization (EFSA; 2009 and 2014), complemented by the usability aspect of health-related applications. This was followed by a literature search concerning the available dietary assessment tools, which were analyzed according to the evaluation criteria. Eight applications were included in the study after reviewing the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the digital tools. A total of thirty-eight requirements in eight main categories were defined for the evaluation, which the best possible dietary assessment tool should meet. The evaluation showed that none of the tested tools currently meet all the defined requirements or categories. The aspects of usability and the accuracy of data collection showed a positive correlation, suggesting a direct link between the two categories and providing an important approach for future developments.","PeriodicalId":503963,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.3390/dietetics3020012
C. Frontela-Saseta, Graham Finlayson, T. Sánchez-Moya, Stefano Lorenzetti, R. López-Nicolás
Obesity is considered an important risk factor for the onset of asthma, playing a key role in enhancing the disease’s severity. However, there is increasing evidence linking not only obesity but also overweight with a higher risk of asthma. Although the correlation between obesity and asthma has already been reported, several aspects are still not fully elucidated, mainly about the inflammatory processes underlying both diseases. It is well known that Western-type calorically rich diets and overfeeding can act as triggers of chronic metabolic inflammation, but few studies have examined associations between ultra-processed foods (UPFs) intake, despite its positive correlation with obesity, and biomarkers of inflammation. In addition to their nutrient composition, UPF may have chemical additives and contaminants from packaging, whose effects on health and food addiction are still under research. In this review, we provide an overview of the current data that identify the associations between the obese asthma phenotype and UPF consumption, highlighting the potential central role played by the intestinal microbiota.
{"title":"Ultra-Processed Foods Consumption and Asthma in the Western Diet","authors":"C. Frontela-Saseta, Graham Finlayson, T. Sánchez-Moya, Stefano Lorenzetti, R. López-Nicolás","doi":"10.3390/dietetics3020012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics3020012","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is considered an important risk factor for the onset of asthma, playing a key role in enhancing the disease’s severity. However, there is increasing evidence linking not only obesity but also overweight with a higher risk of asthma. Although the correlation between obesity and asthma has already been reported, several aspects are still not fully elucidated, mainly about the inflammatory processes underlying both diseases. It is well known that Western-type calorically rich diets and overfeeding can act as triggers of chronic metabolic inflammation, but few studies have examined associations between ultra-processed foods (UPFs) intake, despite its positive correlation with obesity, and biomarkers of inflammation. In addition to their nutrient composition, UPF may have chemical additives and contaminants from packaging, whose effects on health and food addiction are still under research. In this review, we provide an overview of the current data that identify the associations between the obese asthma phenotype and UPF consumption, highlighting the potential central role played by the intestinal microbiota.","PeriodicalId":503963,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141002979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.3390/dietetics3020010
Joshua Gibbs, F. Cappuccio
The popularity of vegetarian and vegan diets is growing due to increased awareness of the environmental and health benefits of such diets. However, despite the consumption of meatless diets being associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases and mortality, followers of these diets are prone to certain nutritional inadequacies, which could limit health benefits. The main nutrients of concern are vitamin B12, vitamin D, iodine, selenium, calcium, and iron. It is essential for all those following vegetarian and vegan diets to implement vitamin B12 supplementation. To prevent vitamin B12 deficiency, adults should take one oral dose of 50–100 μg cyanocobalamin daily or 2000 μg weekly divided into two oral cyanocobalamin doses. Iodine supplementation is essential for pregnant and breastfeeding women and is recommended for vegetarians and vegans who are unable to access sea vegetables or iodine-fortified foods. The recommended dose of iodine supplement for adults is 150 μg daily. Selenium supplementation should be reserved for individuals with clinical evidence of deficiency due to concerns of adverse effects on lipid profiles and type 2 diabetes risk. It is recommended that vegetarian and vegan adults should supplement 4000 International Units (IU)/d of oral vitamin D to prevent deficiency as sunlight exposure is unreliable due to a range of lifestyle and environmental factors. This recommendation also applies to omnivores. As a precaution, those wishing to transition to a more plant-based diet should consider how they will substitute the nutrition they currently obtain from animal-based foods with plant-based sources or appropriate supplementation.
{"title":"Common Nutritional Shortcomings in Vegetarians and Vegans","authors":"Joshua Gibbs, F. Cappuccio","doi":"10.3390/dietetics3020010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics3020010","url":null,"abstract":"The popularity of vegetarian and vegan diets is growing due to increased awareness of the environmental and health benefits of such diets. However, despite the consumption of meatless diets being associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases and mortality, followers of these diets are prone to certain nutritional inadequacies, which could limit health benefits. The main nutrients of concern are vitamin B12, vitamin D, iodine, selenium, calcium, and iron. It is essential for all those following vegetarian and vegan diets to implement vitamin B12 supplementation. To prevent vitamin B12 deficiency, adults should take one oral dose of 50–100 μg cyanocobalamin daily or 2000 μg weekly divided into two oral cyanocobalamin doses. Iodine supplementation is essential for pregnant and breastfeeding women and is recommended for vegetarians and vegans who are unable to access sea vegetables or iodine-fortified foods. The recommended dose of iodine supplement for adults is 150 μg daily. Selenium supplementation should be reserved for individuals with clinical evidence of deficiency due to concerns of adverse effects on lipid profiles and type 2 diabetes risk. It is recommended that vegetarian and vegan adults should supplement 4000 International Units (IU)/d of oral vitamin D to prevent deficiency as sunlight exposure is unreliable due to a range of lifestyle and environmental factors. This recommendation also applies to omnivores. As a precaution, those wishing to transition to a more plant-based diet should consider how they will substitute the nutrition they currently obtain from animal-based foods with plant-based sources or appropriate supplementation.","PeriodicalId":503963,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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