Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.7358/erga-2023-002-herd
David Hernández Castro
Abstract The advances that have taken place in recent decades in the investigation of the ritual and topographical structure of the Sanctuary of Delphi have brought to light strong correspondences with the narrative structure of the Proem of Parmenides. These correspondences, of a ritual, topographical and narrative nature, could be a sign that Parmenides’ hymn was composed to be performed in a civic and religious festival of ancient Elea that followed the model of the Theophania of Delphi. In this paper I present the signs and evidence in favour of this thesis, which implies not only a revision of the traditional interpretations of the Proem, but also the possibility of using it as historical evidence to improve our knowledge of the religious festivals held at Delphi. According to this interpretation, the Proem would not describe a katabasis or an anabasis, but the epidemia or arrival of Apollo at Delphi from the land of the Hyperboreans. The narrator would be Apollo (and not Parmenides), and the itinerary of his journey, that of the places and stations of the Theophania procession. This reading also offers a consistent interpretation of the sculptures and inscriptions found in the Insula II of Velia. It is quite likely that the pholarchoi were priests of Apollo, whose ritual consecration took place at the festival for which Parmenides’ hymn was composed.
摘要 近几十年来，在研究德尔斐圣殿的仪式和地形结构方面取得的进展，揭示了它与《巴门尼德序言》的叙事结构之间的密切联系。这些具有仪式、地形和叙事性质的对应关系可能是一个迹象，表明巴门尼德的赞美诗是按照德尔斐神庙的模式在古代埃莱亚的一个公民和宗教节日中创作的。在本文中，我提出了支持这一论点的迹象和证据，这不仅意味着对《赞美诗》传统解释的修正，还意味着将其作为历史证据来增进我们对德尔斐宗教节日的了解的可能性。根据这种解释，《箴言》描述的不是 katabasis 或 anabasis，而是流行病或阿波罗从希柏波瑞人的国度来到德尔斐。叙述者是阿波罗（而不是巴门尼德），他的旅行路线是提奥帕尼亚游行的地点和站点。这种解读也为维利亚第二洞穴（Insula II of Velia）中发现的雕塑和铭文提供了一致的解释。很有可能，pholarchoi 是阿波罗的祭司，他们的祭祀仪式是在帕门尼德赞美诗的创作节上举行的。
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Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.7358/erga-2023-002-schs
Sebastian Scharff
Abstract Starting from the observation that the role of former athletes as envoys has not been sufficiently analyzed yet, this article examines on what kind of diplomatic missions Hellenistic athletes were sent after their career. Of special interest are their functions as interstate arbitrators and mediators in political conflicts, roles which were often assumed in the context of political conflicts with or within federal states. It is striking that Elian victors mediated and arbitrated even in such disputes in which their hometown had been one of the conflicting parties. This is remarkable since it reveals what significant a role the prestige gained by an agonistic victory played for becoming appointed envoy. Another main reason for being nominated as ambassador consisted in the athletes’ prior life realities as cross-border commuters which allowed them to build strong social and political networks from an early age. No doubt, former athletes, often ‘heavy weights’, served in many different capacities on diplomatic missions of the highest importance.
{"title":"Mediating, Arbitrating, Crossing Borders Constantly: Athletes as Envoys","authors":"Sebastian Scharff","doi":"10.7358/erga-2023-002-schs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/erga-2023-002-schs","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Starting from the observation that the role of former athletes as envoys has not been sufficiently analyzed yet, this article examines on what kind of diplomatic missions Hellenistic athletes were sent after their career. Of special interest are their functions as interstate arbitrators and mediators in political conflicts, roles which were often assumed in the context of political conflicts with or within federal states. It is striking that Elian victors mediated and arbitrated even in such disputes in which their hometown had been one of the conflicting parties. This is remarkable since it reveals what significant a role the prestige gained by an agonistic victory played for becoming appointed envoy. Another main reason for being nominated as ambassador consisted in the athletes’ prior life realities as cross-border commuters which allowed them to build strong social and political networks from an early age. No doubt, former athletes, often ‘heavy weights’, served in many different capacities on diplomatic missions of the highest importance.","PeriodicalId":503974,"journal":{"name":"Erga-Logoi. Rivista di storia, letteratura, diritto e culture dell'antichità","volume":"29 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139168436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.7358/erga-2023-002-laza
Alessandra Lazzeretti
Abstract Agrippina Minor and the ager Clusinus: a new inscription A funerary inscription, mentioning a slave of Agrippina Augusta, from the north-western part of the ancient ager Clusinus, could be evidence of an imperial property in this area of ancient Roman Etruria. This paper, with an accurate review of the probable archaeological context of the find, aims to provide new perspectives for the study of imperial properties and estates in the Julio-Claudian age in this portion of the regio VII and, more generally, of the history of the territory before 714 AD, the date in which the site (loc. Romitorio - San Quirico d’Orcia) is first documented.
Abstract Agrippina Minor and the ager Clusinus: a new inscription 古 Ager Clusinus 西北部出土的一块提到 Agrippina Augusta 奴隶的墓葬铭文，可能是古罗马伊特鲁里亚这一地区皇室财产的证据。本文对这一发现可能的考古背景进行了准确的回顾，旨在为研究朱利奥-克劳德时代第七区这一地区的帝国财产和庄园提供新的视角，更广泛地说，为研究公元 714 年（该遗址（位于 Romitorio - San Quirico d'Orcia）首次被记载的日期）之前该地区的历史提供新的视角。
{"title":"Agrippina Minore e l’ager Clusinus: una nuova attestazione epigrafica","authors":"Alessandra Lazzeretti","doi":"10.7358/erga-2023-002-laza","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/erga-2023-002-laza","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Agrippina Minor and the ager Clusinus: a new inscription A funerary inscription, mentioning a slave of Agrippina Augusta, from the north-western part of the ancient ager Clusinus, could be evidence of an imperial property in this area of ancient Roman Etruria. This paper, with an accurate review of the probable archaeological context of the find, aims to provide new perspectives for the study of imperial properties and estates in the Julio-Claudian age in this portion of the regio VII and, more generally, of the history of the territory before 714 AD, the date in which the site (loc. Romitorio - San Quirico d’Orcia) is first documented.","PeriodicalId":503974,"journal":{"name":"Erga-Logoi. Rivista di storia, letteratura, diritto e culture dell'antichità","volume":"954 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139169970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.7358/erga-2023-002-rusf
Federico Russo
Abstract Nicopolis foundation betwenn ideology and politics The paper aims at analyzing the multiple meanings that the foundation of Nicopolis by Octavianus implied. Whereas the modern scholarship commonly focuses on the ideological function of the foundation – namely the celebration of Octavianus’ victory over Antonius in the battle of Actium– it will be shown that Octavianus, by means of the foundation of the city, also aimed at conveying precise political messages both to those that supported him against Antonius and to the allies of the latter. The analysis of literary sources and epigraphic documents will also permit to explore some examples of responses among Greek communities to Octavianus’ victory at Actium and to the subsequent foundation of Nicopolis.
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Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.7358/erga-2023-002-sana
Arturo Sánchez Sanz
Abstract Since the Scythian people first encountered the Hellenic cultural environment in the Archaic period, their lifestyle, customs and characteristics had such a strong impact on the Hellenic colonies in the region that they soon formed part of the Amazonian myths. The discovery of different female burials with weapons among their grave goods pointed to the possibility that female Scythians were warriors, thus giving rise to the Amazonian myths. However, even though this status has been evidenced by the remains found in the Kurgans of the northern Pontus, the origin of those myths dates back long before the first contacts between both cultures. So, even though a knowledge of their customs favoured their association with the Amazonian myths, it could never have led to their appearance in the Greek mythical imaginary.
{"title":"Scythian Amazons: Female Burials in Northern Pontus","authors":"Arturo Sánchez Sanz","doi":"10.7358/erga-2023-002-sana","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7358/erga-2023-002-sana","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since the Scythian people first encountered the Hellenic cultural environment in the Archaic period, their lifestyle, customs and characteristics had such a strong impact on the Hellenic colonies in the region that they soon formed part of the Amazonian myths. The discovery of different female burials with weapons among their grave goods pointed to the possibility that female Scythians were warriors, thus giving rise to the Amazonian myths. However, even though this status has been evidenced by the remains found in the Kurgans of the northern Pontus, the origin of those myths dates back long before the first contacts between both cultures. So, even though a knowledge of their customs favoured their association with the Amazonian myths, it could never have led to their appearance in the Greek mythical imaginary.","PeriodicalId":503974,"journal":{"name":"Erga-Logoi. Rivista di storia, letteratura, diritto e culture dell'antichità","volume":"138 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139170031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.7358/erga-2023-002-gazf
Francesca Gazzano
Abstract The place of theatre in the Aeschines-Demosthenes dispute: the diplomatic perspective In all studies on the affinities and intersections, both thematic and performative, between oratory and theatre, the contrasting orations of Aeschines and Demosthenes concerning the embassies to Philip of 346 BC and the mutual accusations about the handling of negotiations hold an essential place. In this set of speeches, which includes – in addition to Aeschines’ Against Timarchus and the two orations On the False Embassy (343) – those of 330 Against Ctesiphon (Aeschines) and On the Crown (Demosthenes), the theatre and its performers are, however, represented ambiguously, if not negatively. This essay aims to highlight how this apparent paradox finds a possible solution by considering the concrete role that Athenian theatre and actors played in the difficult negotiations between Athens and Philip. The diplomatic perspective allows us to shed more light on the motivations that led the two rival orators to use theatre as a weapon to fight each other.
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Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.7358/erga-2023-002-gall
L. Gallo
Abstract From Alexander to the Antigonids: the career of Medeios of Larissa The contribution reviews the career of a Thessalian, Medeios from Larisa, who, after participating in the expedition of Alexander the Great, militated in the service of the Antigonids, becoming a close associate of Antigonos and remaining loyal to the dynasty even after his death. It is precisely this militancy in the service of the Antigonids, it is argued here, that could be the basis of a tradition according to which Medeios was an associate in the alleged conspiracy of which Alexander was a victim: indeed, it is likely that this tradition arose in the context of the propaganda war that broke out between the successors after the king’s death.
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Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.7358/erga-2023-002-witk
K. Witczak
Abstract The aim of this article is to discuss two Old Latin aberrant genitive plural forms in -erum, namely bouerum «bouum» (Cato, Agr. 62) or Iouerum «Iouum» (Varro, Ling. VIII 74), on the basis of the morphological and semantic considerations. It is hard to imagine how the regular third declension forms bouum and Iouum could be changed into bouerum and Iouerum. In his commented edition of Varro’s De lingua Latina (2019) Wolfgang de Melo, following Roland Kent, explains them as «analogical formations», influenced by iu – ge˘ rum n. «an acre; jugerum (of land)» (→ bo˘ ue˘ rum) and gen. pl. Ve˘ne˘ rum «of statues of Venus» (→ Io˘ ue˘ rum). This explanation should be rejected for at least two reasons: semantic and morphological. The innovative genitive plural in -e–rum, I will argue, was based on old nominative and accusative dual forms with additional plural morphology: cf. *boue– nom.-acc. du. «two oxen», gen. pl. boue–rum «of oxen» (originally «of two oxen»), *Ioue– «two Jupiters» (here in elliptic use: «Jupiter and Juno»), gen. pl. Ioue–rum «of Jupiters» (originally «of two Jupiters; i.e., Jupiter and Juno»).
摘要 本文旨在从形态和语义的角度讨论两个古拉丁文-erum 的异常属格复数形式，即 bouerum "bouum"（Cato, Agr. 62）或 Iouerum "Iouum"（Varro, Ling. VIII 74）。很难想象正规的第三顺位形式 bouum 和 Iouum 怎么会变成 bouerum 和 Iouerum。沃尔夫冈-德-梅洛（Wolfgang de Melo）在其对瓦罗的《拉丁语学》（De lingua Latina）（2019年）的注释版中，继罗兰-肯特之后，将它们解释为 "类比形式"，受到iu - ge˘ rum n. "an acre; jugerum (of land)" (→ bo˘ ue˘ rum)和gen.pl.的影响。Ve˘ne˘朗姆 "的维纳斯雕像"（→ Io˘ ue˘朗姆）。这种解释至少有两个理由：语义和形态。我认为，-e-rum 中创新的属格复数是建立在旧的名词性和指称性对偶形式的基础上的，带有额外的复数形态：参见 *boue- nom.-acc. du."boue-rum "牛的"（最初是 "两头牛的"），*Ioue- "两个木星"（此处为省略用法："木星和朱诺"），gen.Ioue-rum "of Jupiters"（原为 "of two Jupiters；即木星和朱诺"）。
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Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.7358/erga-2023-002-zanm
M. Zanelli
Abstract «For the ages and for right now»: an analysis of Antigone (2019) by Merlynn Tong, with an interview with the author The article analyzes one of the most recent adaptations of Sophocles’ Antigone, written in 2019 by the young Australian author and actress, Merlynn Tong. After providing a first synthetic evaluation of the reasons for continuity and innovation of the work (among which, the adoption of a Creon woman), the essay explores the drama, scene by scene, studying the operation carried out on the hypotext through a precise comparison with it. The conclusions are then subsequently summarized, with particular attention on the one hand to the actualizing solutions regarding the story of the external space (the city), but above all showing how – while depicting Antigone as an activist (according to a very common redefinition in the rewritings of recent years) – the focus of the drama is the picture of the human bonds between the characters and their suffering: an emotional approach to the tragedy, distant from the eminently political rewritings that the myth of Antigone has developed since the twentieth century. In the Appendix to the article, a short interview with the author is given.
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