Futurity Economics&Law最新文献

{"title":"Green Intellectual Capital: A Multidimensional Approach to Sustainable Performance Waste Recycling Management in Algeria","authors":"Amina Haddad, Faouzia Hagain, Abdelhak Lefilef, Benziane Roucham, Muhammad Abdullah Alkhalaf","doi":"10.57125/fel.2024.09.25.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57125/fel.2024.09.25.07","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigated the relationship between the green intellectual capital (GIC) and the sustainable performance in Algeria’s waste recycling management sector. Acknowledging the importance of Global Information Communication (GIC) in achieving organizational success, this research investigates how it is utilized and its effects. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) with the PLS-V3 software, the study examines information gathered from 400 entrepreneurs who oversee waste recycling businesses in Algeria. The study focused on three primary components of GIC: green relational capital, green structural capital, and green human capital. The hypotheses were formulated to assess the influence of each component on sustainable performance. The results supported all four proposed hypotheses, showing a positive link between the Green Intellectual Capital (GIC) and the sustainable performance. Specifically, the combined effects of relational, structural, and human capital enhanced sustainability outcomes. The research showed the significance of the waste recycling industry implementing strategies that make the most of Green Intangible Capital (GIC) elements. This includes connecting with stakeholders who prioritize environmental preservation, sharing knowledge, and working together. Green structural capital refers to the systems and processes that support eco-friendly practices, like environmental management systems and sustainable supply chain management. Green human capital focuses on employees' skills and knowledge in sustainability, highlighting the importance of training and opportunities for professional development. This study adds value to existing knowledge by clarifying how GIC plays a role in fostering a future. It offers insights for waste recycling firms, policymakers, and other interested parties in Algeria and beyond. By emphasising the significance of GIC in achieving performance, this research provides practical implications for crafting strategies and policies that leverage green intellectual assets for economic and environmental advantages. The study underscored organisations’ need to invest in nurturing their GIC to promote sustainable business practices and attain enduring success.","PeriodicalId":503986,"journal":{"name":"Futurity Economics&Law","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Marketing Activities of Companies on Social Networks on the Purchase Decisions of Students","authors":"Bojana Ostojić, Milena Cvjetkovic, Drazen Jovanovic, Boris Latinović","doi":"10.57125/fel.2024.09.25.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57125/fel.2024.09.25.06","url":null,"abstract":"The study in this paper sought to assess how the company's marketing initiatives influence the purchasing choices of students. By surveying 230 students from the Faculty of Economics in Belgrade and analysing their responses, the researchers evaluated various aspects of the company's marketing strategies and the students' buying behaviour. Descriptive statistics revealed that the variables related to updating content on social media and utilising sponsored advertisements had the most significant impact, along with the variable of making purchasing decisions. The results of the regression and correlation analysis established the existence of statistically significant relationships and the influence of the variables of the company's marketing activity on the variables of students' purchase decisions. Based on the regression model of influence, it was determined that the variables of the company's marketing activities had the greatest impact on the variable of making purchase decisions, with the variables of sponsored ads and updating content on social networks making the greatest individual contribution. A two-component solution was obtained by factor analysis, where the first component gathered all the variables of the company's marketing activities and the purchasing decision variable, while the second component gathered the other variables of the students' purchasing decisions. Between these two components, increasingly high correlation values were found, which only indicates that there is a certain degree of variability between the company's marketing activities and students' purchasing decisions. The research conducted in this study aimed to determine the extent to which social media marketing is beneficial for students in finding products and services they need, as well as how influential it is in their purchasing decisions. It underscores the importance for companies to integrate social media marketing activities and determine the most suitable types of social media marketing strategies.","PeriodicalId":503986,"journal":{"name":"Futurity Economics&Law","volume":"116 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Significance of Cultural Capital in Enhancing the Efficiency and Long-Term Viability of Village Credit Institutions in Bali","authors":"N. Wiagustini, Ni Putu Ria Aprilia, Graceila Regia Margareth Simanjuntak","doi":"10.57125/fel.2024.09.25.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57125/fel.2024.09.25.05","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to examine the impact of cultural capital on financial performance, marketing performance, and financial sustainability. Additionally, it investigated the influence of financial performance and marketing performance on financial sustainability. The study focused on Village Credit Institutions in Bali, specifically those categorised as healthy or fairly healthy, totalling 1,145 units. Using the Slovin formula, a sample size of 100 units was determined. Stratified proportional random sampling, based on the number of units in each district/city in Bali, was employed to collect the sample. The analysis technique used was the Smart-PLS. The findings indicated that cultural capital had a favourable impact on financial performance, marketing performance, and financial sustainability. Moreover, both financial performance and marketing performance positively influenced financial sustainability. Additionally, financial performance mediated the influence of cultural capital on financial sustainability. The scientific novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis of the interplay between cultural capital and various performance metrics within Village Credit Institutions, an area that has been underexplored in existing literature. The practical significance is evident in its implications for policymakers and managers within these institutions, suggesting that the enhancement of the cultural capital can lead to improved financial and marketing outcomes, ultimately supporting long-term financial sustainability. This study provided valuable insights for strategic planning and resource allocation in similar financial institutions globally. The findings underscored the critical role of cultural capital in driving institutional performance and sustainability. This combination of theoretical exploration and methodological rigor enhanced the scholarly contribution of the study, offering insights that can inform both academic research and practical strategies for sustainable development in microfinance institutions.","PeriodicalId":503986,"journal":{"name":"Futurity Economics&Law","volume":"8 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Investment in Creating a Sustainable Financial Future: Strategies and Tools","authors":"","doi":"10.57125/fel.2024.09.25.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57125/fel.2024.09.25.02","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the modern formation of the investment market depends on many aspects of socio-economic life, the consideration of which makes it possible to evaluate the role of investment mechanisms in the formation of financial stability in a different way. The study aims to explore the role of investments in creating sustainable financial environments, to analyze relevant opportunities, strategies and tools that can be used in the future. The implementation of the specified goal involves the use of separate scientific methods, in particular, the research process was based on a systematic approach, the method of thematic analysis, in particular, based on the analysis of results from selected topics, trends in the formation of a sustainable financial space were determined, methods of coding and comparison. The results of the study established that the stable existence of modern financial systems is based on the attraction of investments. It is shown that states with a high level of development of social indicators and human capital simultaneously have higher indicators of financial stability. States with high indices of economic freedom and human capital attract the attention of investors due to the comprehensibility of the functioning of local business environments. Current investment trends dictate the preference for projects related to environmental friendliness, opposition to fraudulent schemes and dishonesty. Setting the goals of sustainable development aims to develop financial markets, which has its impact on the processes of human capital, technological solutions in production, etc. It has been demonstrated that in some cases it is difficult to fulfill the current requirements of investors, taking into account certain features of cultural, economic and social development. The conclusion emphasizes that it is especially worth considering the complexity of implementing investment projects in times of instability, in particular, those related to a state of emergency or military operations.","PeriodicalId":503986,"journal":{"name":"Futurity Economics&Law","volume":"78 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141342202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil Price Shochs'S Asymmetric Responses on Food Inflation in Middle East and North Africa Countries in the time of Ukraine-Russia Crisis","authors":"","doi":"10.57125/fel.2024.09.25.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57125/fel.2024.09.25.01","url":null,"abstract":"The war between Russia and Ukraine began on February 24, 2022, and it has lasted for more than a year. The world economy has been negatively influenced by the war and the series of events that followed it in a number of ways, including the stock market, and trade. The energy market and food prices have seen a significant decline. This empirical study examined the unequal effects of oil price shocks on food inflation in MENA countries during the Russian aggression using a Panel Asymmetric Granger Causality Test and a Non-linear Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model. Empirical evidence demonstrated the asymmetry between the inflation of food and oil, with the majority of the effects of oil price shocks being positive on food inflation. The empirical data supporting the short- and long-term asymmetries in food and oil prices was revealed, with the majority of the evidence pointing to the beneficial impacts of oil price shocks on food inflation. Additionally, the estimations indicated that the food prices rose in both eras (after the war between Russia and Ukraine and when the complete sample was chosen) in response to increases in the price of oil.","PeriodicalId":503986,"journal":{"name":"Futurity Economics&Law","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141347671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Legal Dynamics in Contemporary Migration with a Focus on Refugee and Migrant Rights","authors":"","doi":"10.57125/fel.2024.06.25.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57125/fel.2024.06.25.11","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of migration poses a pressing quandary within the context of the global legal framework, heightened by persistent political instability and the repercussions of climate change. These factors compel a significant populace to seek alternative habitats, where they encounter varying degrees of success in the process of societal integration. The purpose of the article was to explore the legal aspects of migration processes in the modern world viewed through the lens of delineating the rights of refugees and migrants. With the use of rigorous scientific methods such as content analysis and comparison, this study elucidated the fundamental aspects of the migration dilemma. It demonstrated that the development of sound migration policies is of paramount importance in navigating this complex terrain. While initial international resolutions made general declarations, contemporary conventions provide detailed frameworks that, alongside national laws, establish the foundation for the assimilation of non-citizens into host societies. It was demonstrated that the increase in the number of migrants and displaced persons has led to a more detailed legal framework. While the initial international resolutions, such as those from the United Nations, primarily took a declarative stance, contemporary conventions exhibit a significantly more detailed approach. In conjunction with the legal norms of individual nations, these modern frameworks establish the foundation for the assimilation of recently arrived non-citizens into their host society. The results pointed out that this process took place according to the scheme of considering international standards and conventions on the migrants' and refugees' rights protection, which become the basis for the development of relevant provisions of national legislation.\u0000\u0000Consequently, in order to address migration comprehensively, the findings underscored the need to promote inter-state legal cooperation. The global community can progress towards achieving a fairer and more sustainable resolution of migration challenges by embracing a framework centered on inter-state legal cooperation. In addition to highlighting the current state of the law, the study argued for the development of innovative solutions to address the complexity of migration in the interconnected world.","PeriodicalId":503986,"journal":{"name":"Futurity Economics&Law","volume":"52 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140970895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic integration of Germany with EU through Effective implementation of Public Private Partnership","authors":"","doi":"10.57125/fel.2024.06.25.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57125/fel.2024.06.25.10","url":null,"abstract":"This quantitative study employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to investigate the efficacy of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in fostering economic integration within the European Union (EU), with a specific focus on Germany. This study was grounded in insights gathered from 250 respondents employed across various sectors of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in Germany. It aimed to elucidate effective aspects of PPP strategies and identify areas requiring further enhancement. The key findings highlighted that the improved collaboration of stakeholders and enabling legal environment were part of the implementation success of the PPPs. The quantitative analysis revealed statistically significant relationships with a path coefficient of, respectively: 0.35 (p < 0.01) from stakeholder teamwork and 0.30 (p < 0.01) from regulatory environment effectiveness to correlate strongly with positive perceptions of PPPs performance. This study represented a very key contribution since there was a concentration on a gap within the existing studies that paid less attention to the exploration of the dynamic interplay of regulatory frameworks and collaboration of stakeholders in PPPs. In fact, the documentary analysis has been conducted to bolster findings and enhance the reliability of drawing conclusions. This approach did not only reiterate the general perceptions of the effectiveness of PPPs but also ground a basis for proposing legislative and strategic enhancements. This emphasized significant implications for policymakers and PPPs practitioners, highlighting that enhanced regulatory support and stakeholder collaboration would greatly enhance the contributions of PPPs toward the economic integration objectives of the EU. It, therefore, brought out the need for considering holistically the economic unity and cross-national alignment of regulatory considerations in the development of long-term PPPs strategies that contribute to the broader discourse in the EU on economic policy and infrastructure development.","PeriodicalId":503986,"journal":{"name":"Futurity Economics&amp;Law","volume":"104 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employee Subordination of Civil Service Officials in the Context of Remote Work: Insights from Polish and Ukranian Experience","authors":"Paulina Matyjas-Łysakowska, Olena Kyselova","doi":"10.57125/fel.2024.06.25.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57125/fel.2024.06.25.09","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of employee subordination is a fundamental aspect of the employment relationship, which is currently undergoing evolution towards greater employee independence. This article addressed the issue of employee subordination using civil servants as a case study. The selection of this professional group was based on the classic form of subordination within their employment relationship, which has deep historical roots. The COVID-19 pandemic normalised the remote work, including in administration, presenting a new phenomenon in Poland and Ukraine. The adoption of remote work in government administration marked a significant shift towards more flexible employment rules for civil servants. This study examined how Poland and Ukraine have integrated the remote work into their post-pandemic realities. The paper investigated whether heightened flexibility in employment regulations regarding remote work can align with the distinctive responsibilities of government officials. The methodology involved a comprehensive review and analysis of legal doctrines, judicial decisions, and scholarly literature related to subordination in labour law. Using legal frameworks and analyses, the article explored manifestations of subordination in labour law, focusing on the control and management exerted by employers over workers. Specific consequences of legal subordination, such as organisational prerogatives, regulatory powers, and disciplinary authority, were scrutinised within the employment relationships. The first section of the article explored subordination as a central feature of the employment relationship, highlighting indicators of subordination among civil servants in government administration, particularly considering employees appointed to their roles. The subsequent section discussed Polish and Ukrainian experiences with the remote work during the pandemic, alongside current legal provisions enabling the remote work in government administration post-pandemic. Drawing from legal frameworks in Poland and Ukraine, the article analysed the implications and intensity of legal subordination within employment relationships, examining employer powers like organisational control, regulatory oversight, and disciplinary actions that define the degree of subordination experienced by employees. In conclusion, the article contended that subordination should be understood not solely as a hierarchical relationship but as a system of ordered relations. The primary function of subordination is to establish order and structure within systems governed by legal norms, governmental bodies, or officials. This article was based on a paper presented at the LLRN-6 conference in Warsaw (June 25-27, 2023).","PeriodicalId":503986,"journal":{"name":"Futurity Economics&amp;Law","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140994018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Impact of Globalization Trends in the Digital Economy on Business Management and Administration Systems of Enterprises","authors":"","doi":"10.57125/fel.2024.06.25.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57125/fel.2024.06.25.08","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. This study aims to investigate the impact of globalization trends on the business management and administration systems.\u0000\u0000Methodology. The scoping review of the literature included 123 articles through desk research and in-house material. Upon categorizing typologies as qualitative, quantitative, or mixed, an assessment was made regarding the performance and consequences of globalization from 1990 to 2022.\u0000\u0000Results. Developing country managers are more likely to depend on international sales as a means to augment revenue, due to the greater saturation of sales in developed markets. Developed economies focus on advanced, possibly automated production methods, whereas developing nations employ the digital economy to compete in less automated industries. This creates a more specialized global market..E-commerce in the digital economy makes it easier for developing nations to enter the global market and reach a global audience. In their pursuit of financial gain, corporations based in affluent nations are more likely to employ sophisticated production methods, while those situated in developing countries are more likely to utilize less advanced ones. A number of prevalent issues and trends—including economics, politics, emerging markets, corporate social responsibility, and emerging markets—were recognized as critical for the development of global markets. While past research has focused on globalization's effects on developed economies, this study examines emerging country managers' unique difficulties and opportunities. The emphasis on expanding international sales and potential manufacturing process reduction can inform management approaches in similar situations.\u0000\u0000Conclusion. The recommendations underscore the critical necessity for further investigation into the aforementioned impacts across diverse economies, ranging from developing to developed. Although this study encountered difficulties due to inconsistent and limited data, it established a strong foundation for subsequent investigations in the field through the application of operationalization, methodologies, and analyses discovered in the business literature.","PeriodicalId":503986,"journal":{"name":"Futurity Economics&amp;Law","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140996020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sharia Compliance and Profitability in Financial Performance Islamic Banks in Indonesia","authors":"","doi":"10.57125/fel.2024.06.25.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57125/fel.2024.06.25.07","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to evaluate the financial performance of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia from 2018 to 2022, with a specific focus on Sharia compliance and profitability. Secondary data taken from the annual reports of commercial Islamic banks during the specified period were used and a descriptive quantitative approach was adopted. The study population consisted of all 13 Islamic commercial banks registered with the Financial Services Authority in 2022; eight banks were chosen as the research sample. The analysis method used encompasses both Sharia compliance and profitability and is called the Sharia Compliance and Profitability Model. For further analysis, the research findings were divided into four quadrants. The results of the study showed how different Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia performed in terms of Sharia compliance and profitability. It identified banks that showed strong adherence to Sharia principles and high profitability, which could be used as benchmarks by other banks to improve their performance. In more detail, The findings of this research included 3 aspects, namely 1) Identification of Sharia Compliance, this study identified the parameters used to assess Sharia compliance, such as compliance with the principles regulated by the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) or equivalent Sharia regulatory institutions. The results of this research revealed banks that consistently complied with Sharia principles in their operations and products. This could include banks that had a financial structure that complied with Islamic law, avoids usury, and adhered to the principles of fairness in transactions. 2) Profitability Assessment. Financial analysis has been carried out to assess the profitability of the investigated banks. This could include profitability ratios such as ROA (Return on Assets) and ROE (Return on Equity), as well as the profit growth from year to year. 3) Factors that influenced the Performance as well as the analysis also included an exploration of factors that contributed to bank performance in terms of Sharia compliance and profitability. This could include internal factors such as risk management and operational efficiency, as well as external factors such as market conditions and regulations. The research has practical implications for commercial banks for enhancing performance and adhering to Islamic values in highly profitable banks that strictly adhere to Sharia principles. By examining the connection between Sharia compliance and profitability, this study added to the understanding of the financial performance of Indonesia's Islamic commercial banks.","PeriodicalId":503986,"journal":{"name":"Futurity Economics&amp;Law","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}