Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.1177/09596836231169985
B. Makaske, G. J. Maas
The Drentsche Aa valley system in the glacial sandy landscape of the north-eastern Netherlands, is one of the many regional drainage systems in the north-western to central European Lowlands. Following deep incision in the Weichselian, ca 7 m of eutrophic peat has accumulated in the lower to middle reaches of the valley system in the Holocene, completely filling the Weichselian incision. We reconstructed the rate of water-level rise controlling peat growth at three locations in the valley system (representing the upper, middle and lower reaches), using 14C peat dates from compaction-free sampling sites on the sloping valley margin where the peat directly overlies the sandy Pleistocene subsurface. The 14C dates enabled the construction of curves showing the water-level evolution at each location. Our results show variable rates of Holocene peat growth in the valley system in response to different drivers of hydrological change: a strong increase in annual precipitation (onset Holocene), a decrease in evapotranspiration (10,000–8000 cal. years BP) and relative sea-level rise (after ~4500 cal. years BP). Because the identified hydrological controls on peat growth are regional, they probably ruled Holocene peat growth in many peat-filled valley systems in the north-western to central European Lowlands. Currently, there is growing attention for these valley systems in the context of European nature restoration efforts and climate change adaptation and mitigation measures. The present study underscores that large-scale hydrological measures outside the valley system are needed for restoration of degraded valley peatlands.
{"title":"Different hydrological controls causing variable rates of Holocene peat growth in a lowland valley system, north-eastern Netherlands; implications for valley peatland restoration","authors":"B. Makaske, G. J. Maas","doi":"10.1177/09596836231169985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231169985","url":null,"abstract":"The Drentsche Aa valley system in the glacial sandy landscape of the north-eastern Netherlands, is one of the many regional drainage systems in the north-western to central European Lowlands. Following deep incision in the Weichselian, ca 7 m of eutrophic peat has accumulated in the lower to middle reaches of the valley system in the Holocene, completely filling the Weichselian incision. We reconstructed the rate of water-level rise controlling peat growth at three locations in the valley system (representing the upper, middle and lower reaches), using 14C peat dates from compaction-free sampling sites on the sloping valley margin where the peat directly overlies the sandy Pleistocene subsurface. The 14C dates enabled the construction of curves showing the water-level evolution at each location. Our results show variable rates of Holocene peat growth in the valley system in response to different drivers of hydrological change: a strong increase in annual precipitation (onset Holocene), a decrease in evapotranspiration (10,000–8000 cal. years BP) and relative sea-level rise (after ~4500 cal. years BP). Because the identified hydrological controls on peat growth are regional, they probably ruled Holocene peat growth in many peat-filled valley systems in the north-western to central European Lowlands. Currently, there is growing attention for these valley systems in the context of European nature restoration efforts and climate change adaptation and mitigation measures. The present study underscores that large-scale hydrological measures outside the valley system are needed for restoration of degraded valley peatlands.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"960 - 974"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42428182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.1177/09596836231169988
M. Vogel, Hugo Asselin, S. Joannin, Y. Bergeron, Sabrina Leclercq, Cécile Latapy, Adam A. Ali
At the end of the last glacial period in the northern hemisphere, meltwater from receding ice sheets accumulated into large proglacial lakes, potentially limiting postglacial afforestation. We explored whether former islands of proglacial Lake Ojibway (Canada) (hilltops in the current landscape) could have acted as migration outposts and thus accelerated the postglacial migration. We extracted sediments from two small lakes located on “paleo-islands” and used XRF to detect changes in soil erosion and vegetation biomass. We also used plant macro-remains and wood charcoal to determine if (and which) tree species colonized the sites and to detect local fire events. Organic sediment accumulation started around 9657 and 9947 cal. yr BP at Lakes Perché and Despériers, respectively, before the level of Lake Ojibway started to decrease and liberate parts of the studied landscape ca 9400 cal. yr BP. Lithogenic elements (Ti, K, Sr, Fe, Zr, and Rb) decreased between the beginning of organic sediment accumulation and 8800–8700 cal. yr BP, indicating reduced soil erosion, possibly due to soil stabilization by vegetation. Then, the S/Ti ratio, a proxy of organic matter increased around 8800 and 8400 cal. yr BP. The earliest tree macro-remains (Larix laricina and Pinus spp.) were found between 9850 and 9500 cal. yr BP. Local fires were detected around 9820 and 8362 cal. yr BP. Early afforestation occurred on the islands of Lake Ojibway, 200 and 450 years before its level started to decrease, confirming that some islands acted as migratory outposts accelerating postglacial migration.
{"title":"Early afforestation on islands of proglacial Lake Ojibway as evidence of post-glacial migration outposts","authors":"M. Vogel, Hugo Asselin, S. Joannin, Y. Bergeron, Sabrina Leclercq, Cécile Latapy, Adam A. Ali","doi":"10.1177/09596836231169988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231169988","url":null,"abstract":"At the end of the last glacial period in the northern hemisphere, meltwater from receding ice sheets accumulated into large proglacial lakes, potentially limiting postglacial afforestation. We explored whether former islands of proglacial Lake Ojibway (Canada) (hilltops in the current landscape) could have acted as migration outposts and thus accelerated the postglacial migration. We extracted sediments from two small lakes located on “paleo-islands” and used XRF to detect changes in soil erosion and vegetation biomass. We also used plant macro-remains and wood charcoal to determine if (and which) tree species colonized the sites and to detect local fire events. Organic sediment accumulation started around 9657 and 9947 cal. yr BP at Lakes Perché and Despériers, respectively, before the level of Lake Ojibway started to decrease and liberate parts of the studied landscape ca 9400 cal. yr BP. Lithogenic elements (Ti, K, Sr, Fe, Zr, and Rb) decreased between the beginning of organic sediment accumulation and 8800–8700 cal. yr BP, indicating reduced soil erosion, possibly due to soil stabilization by vegetation. Then, the S/Ti ratio, a proxy of organic matter increased around 8800 and 8400 cal. yr BP. The earliest tree macro-remains (Larix laricina and Pinus spp.) were found between 9850 and 9500 cal. yr BP. Local fires were detected around 9820 and 8362 cal. yr BP. Early afforestation occurred on the islands of Lake Ojibway, 200 and 450 years before its level started to decrease, confirming that some islands acted as migratory outposts accelerating postglacial migration.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"975 - 985"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44376943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.1177/09596836221145418
Peizheng He, Xingqi Liu, H. Sun, Shengnan Feng, Xin Mao
Climate changes on different timescales and their mechanisms are of great importance in arid Central Asia (ACA). However, the contribution of El Niño−Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to Holocene hydroclimate in ACA on centennial and millennial timescales is limited by records with good age control and high temporal resolution. Here, we present high-resolution X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scanning data of a sediment core from Lake Xiaolongchi in central Tianshan Mountains to reconstruct hydroclimate changes in ACA over the last 8000 years. Our construction exhibits that the climate was dry from 8000 to 5500 cal year BP and wet from 5500 to 0 cal year BP, which resembles ENSO patterns on a millennial timescale. On the centennial timescale, hydroclimate fluctuations with eight wet periods, seven dry periods, and a shift period have a significant 800-year periodicity, coincident with periodic ENSO variance. The positive relationship between 800-year band-pass filtered hydroclimate and ENSO indicates that wet (dry) climate conditions correspond to increased (reduced) ENSO activity. We propose that the spatial pattern of “wet (dry) southern China and ACA, and dry (wet) northern China” during the El Niño-like (La Niña-like) condition may exist during the Holocene on millennial to centennial timescales.
{"title":"ENSO-related centennial and millennial-scale hydroclimate changes recorded from Lake Xiaolongchi in arid Central Asia over the past 8000 years","authors":"Peizheng He, Xingqi Liu, H. Sun, Shengnan Feng, Xin Mao","doi":"10.1177/09596836221145418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836221145418","url":null,"abstract":"Climate changes on different timescales and their mechanisms are of great importance in arid Central Asia (ACA). However, the contribution of El Niño−Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to Holocene hydroclimate in ACA on centennial and millennial timescales is limited by records with good age control and high temporal resolution. Here, we present high-resolution X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scanning data of a sediment core from Lake Xiaolongchi in central Tianshan Mountains to reconstruct hydroclimate changes in ACA over the last 8000 years. Our construction exhibits that the climate was dry from 8000 to 5500 cal year BP and wet from 5500 to 0 cal year BP, which resembles ENSO patterns on a millennial timescale. On the centennial timescale, hydroclimate fluctuations with eight wet periods, seven dry periods, and a shift period have a significant 800-year periodicity, coincident with periodic ENSO variance. The positive relationship between 800-year band-pass filtered hydroclimate and ENSO indicates that wet (dry) climate conditions correspond to increased (reduced) ENSO activity. We propose that the spatial pattern of “wet (dry) southern China and ACA, and dry (wet) northern China” during the El Niño-like (La Niña-like) condition may exist during the Holocene on millennial to centennial timescales.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"880 - 889"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43311184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-29DOI: 10.1177/09596836231169992
J. Kirby, E. Garrett, W. Gehrels
The late-Quaternary relative sea-level (RSL) history of Ireland is complex, positioned at the margins of the former British-Irish Ice Sheet, and subject to the influence of ice unloading and forebulge collapse. Geophysical models of post-glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) provide estimates of the pattern of RSL change since deglaciation which may be tested and validated with empirical data from proxy records. For the region of northwest Ireland, there is a paucity of high-quality RSL data and, therefore, equivocal evidence to support the GIA models that predict a mid to Late-Holocene RSL highstand of between +0.5 and +2 m above present. This study aims to investigate this model-data discrepancy by reconstructing RSL change from a near continuous salt-marsh sequence at Bracky Bridge, Donegal, spanning the last ca. 2500 years. We develop a transfer function model to reconstruct the vertical position of sea level using a regional diatom training set to quantify the indicative meaning and predict the palaeomarsh elevation of the core samples. A chronology is provided by a combination of 14C and 210Pb data, with sample specific ages derived from an age-depth model using a Bayesian framework. Our reconstruction shows ca. 2 m of relative sea-level rise in the past 2500 years. This is not compatible with some previously published sea-level index points from the region, which we re-interpret as freshwater/terrestrial limiting data. These results do not provide any evidence to support a Mid-Holocene RSL highstand above present sea level. Whilst none of the available GIA models replicate the timing and magnitude of the Late-Holocene RSL rise in our reconstruction, those which incorporate a thick and extensive British-Irish Sea Ice Sheet provide the best fit.
{"title":"Holocene relative sea-level changes in northwest Ireland: An empirical test for glacial isostatic adjustment models","authors":"J. Kirby, E. Garrett, W. Gehrels","doi":"10.1177/09596836231169992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231169992","url":null,"abstract":"The late-Quaternary relative sea-level (RSL) history of Ireland is complex, positioned at the margins of the former British-Irish Ice Sheet, and subject to the influence of ice unloading and forebulge collapse. Geophysical models of post-glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) provide estimates of the pattern of RSL change since deglaciation which may be tested and validated with empirical data from proxy records. For the region of northwest Ireland, there is a paucity of high-quality RSL data and, therefore, equivocal evidence to support the GIA models that predict a mid to Late-Holocene RSL highstand of between +0.5 and +2 m above present. This study aims to investigate this model-data discrepancy by reconstructing RSL change from a near continuous salt-marsh sequence at Bracky Bridge, Donegal, spanning the last ca. 2500 years. We develop a transfer function model to reconstruct the vertical position of sea level using a regional diatom training set to quantify the indicative meaning and predict the palaeomarsh elevation of the core samples. A chronology is provided by a combination of 14C and 210Pb data, with sample specific ages derived from an age-depth model using a Bayesian framework. Our reconstruction shows ca. 2 m of relative sea-level rise in the past 2500 years. This is not compatible with some previously published sea-level index points from the region, which we re-interpret as freshwater/terrestrial limiting data. These results do not provide any evidence to support a Mid-Holocene RSL highstand above present sea level. Whilst none of the available GIA models replicate the timing and magnitude of the Late-Holocene RSL rise in our reconstruction, those which incorporate a thick and extensive British-Irish Sea Ice Sheet provide the best fit.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"926 - 938"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43645980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-29DOI: 10.1177/09596836231169986
O. Burge, S. Richardson, Jamie R. Wood, J. Wilmshurst
Palaeoecology provides critical data for establishing ecological ‘baselines’, which can guide restoration efforts and be used to assess ecosystem change. However, statistical analyses can be challenging because of the large number of methods available for establishing palaeoecological baselines combined with a lack of practical guidance, particularly around quantifying baselines that include natural variability. We contribute one solution by providing guidance and an R package baselines for using palaeoecological data to (i) define baselines and (ii) test for change over time that incorporates variability. These methods provide an alternative to single-taxon analyses and allow ecosystem complexity to be captured. We use published pollen records as case studies to demonstrate how to establish vegetation baselines for seven localities in New Zealand where relatively recent (c. 1280 AD) and near-simultaneous human settlement across the country allows background environmental disturbance in the pre-human era to be distinguished from anthropogenic disturbance. We present methods for calculating distance from initial sample, distance from baseline in ordination space, allowing incorporation of ecosystem variability, and analysis of rates of change over time using principal curves. We found conventional and Bayesian ordination methods yielded similar results and were effective at identifying change following human settlement, despite the potential for a positive mean-variance relationship to confound results. Principal response curves were most sensitive to a known period of vegetation disturbance caused by volcanic eruptions at two sites with tephra deposits. Our proposed methods, case study and R package baselines are designed to provide a suite of tools to encourage and enable palaeoecological data to be used by palaeoecologists to assess trajectories and change over time, and monitor whether historical management actions have facilitated a change in direction towards a desired baseline state.
{"title":"A guide to assess distance from ecological baselines and change over time in palaeoecological records","authors":"O. Burge, S. Richardson, Jamie R. Wood, J. Wilmshurst","doi":"10.1177/09596836231169986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231169986","url":null,"abstract":"Palaeoecology provides critical data for establishing ecological ‘baselines’, which can guide restoration efforts and be used to assess ecosystem change. However, statistical analyses can be challenging because of the large number of methods available for establishing palaeoecological baselines combined with a lack of practical guidance, particularly around quantifying baselines that include natural variability. We contribute one solution by providing guidance and an R package baselines for using palaeoecological data to (i) define baselines and (ii) test for change over time that incorporates variability. These methods provide an alternative to single-taxon analyses and allow ecosystem complexity to be captured. We use published pollen records as case studies to demonstrate how to establish vegetation baselines for seven localities in New Zealand where relatively recent (c. 1280 AD) and near-simultaneous human settlement across the country allows background environmental disturbance in the pre-human era to be distinguished from anthropogenic disturbance. We present methods for calculating distance from initial sample, distance from baseline in ordination space, allowing incorporation of ecosystem variability, and analysis of rates of change over time using principal curves. We found conventional and Bayesian ordination methods yielded similar results and were effective at identifying change following human settlement, despite the potential for a positive mean-variance relationship to confound results. Principal response curves were most sensitive to a known period of vegetation disturbance caused by volcanic eruptions at two sites with tephra deposits. Our proposed methods, case study and R package baselines are designed to provide a suite of tools to encourage and enable palaeoecological data to be used by palaeoecologists to assess trajectories and change over time, and monitor whether historical management actions have facilitated a change in direction towards a desired baseline state.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"905 - 917"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44379165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.1177/09596836231169997
D. Vitt, Melissa House
Patterned rich fens have a diverse flora and are maintained by unidirectional inflowing water with high concentrations of base cations, along with high pH and limited nutrients. Rich fens are among the most threatened ecosystems in Europe, but are not uncommon across the western boreal forest zone of Canada. Utilizing 10 radiocarbon dated cores extracted from the wetland, we investigated the Holocene developmental history of a large patterned rich fen in northeastern Alberta (McClelland Wetland). Organic matter accumulation began around 11,457 cal yr BP as primary peat formation on recently deglaciated substrates. Over the 10,000+ years history of McClelland Wetland, the central portions of the wetland have been remarkably resistant to change, with little alteration in dominant species. The resistance to change is set against a background of fluctuations in regional Holocene climate and local varying water balance. The dominant bryophyte species (Hamatocaulis vernicosus and Scorpidium scorpioides) continued to play a foundational role on site for the duration of the Holocene, dependent on a persistent long-term ground water source. Accumulation rates of organic matter have remained steady once the dominant bryophyte layer was established, but with accumulation rates at paludifying marginal sites lower than those of the central moss-graminoid-dominated areas.
图案丰富的沼泽有多种植物群，并通过单向流入的高浓度碱性阳离子水，以及高pH值和有限的营养物质来维持。丰富的沼泽是欧洲最受威胁的生态系统之一，但在加拿大西部北方森林地带并不罕见。利用从湿地中提取的10个放射性碳定年岩心，研究了阿尔伯塔省东北部(麦克利兰湿地)一个大型富沼的全新世发育历史。有机质积累开始于11457 cal yr BP左右，在最近冰川消退的基底上形成初级泥炭。在麦克利兰湿地1万多年的历史中，湿地的中心部分具有显著的抗逆性，优势物种几乎没有变化。对变化的抵抗设定在区域全新世气候波动和局部水平衡变化的背景下。在全新世期间，优势苔藓植物物种(Hamatocaulis vernicosus和Scorpidium scorpioides)继续在现场发挥基础作用，依赖于持续的长期地下水源。苔藓植物优势层建立后，有机质积累速率保持稳定，但在模糊边缘点的积累速率低于苔藓-禾草植物优势区的积累速率。
{"title":"An 11,000 year record of plant community stability and paludification in a patterned rich fen in northeastern Alberta, Canada","authors":"D. Vitt, Melissa House","doi":"10.1177/09596836231169997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231169997","url":null,"abstract":"Patterned rich fens have a diverse flora and are maintained by unidirectional inflowing water with high concentrations of base cations, along with high pH and limited nutrients. Rich fens are among the most threatened ecosystems in Europe, but are not uncommon across the western boreal forest zone of Canada. Utilizing 10 radiocarbon dated cores extracted from the wetland, we investigated the Holocene developmental history of a large patterned rich fen in northeastern Alberta (McClelland Wetland). Organic matter accumulation began around 11,457 cal yr BP as primary peat formation on recently deglaciated substrates. Over the 10,000+ years history of McClelland Wetland, the central portions of the wetland have been remarkably resistant to change, with little alteration in dominant species. The resistance to change is set against a background of fluctuations in regional Holocene climate and local varying water balance. The dominant bryophyte species (Hamatocaulis vernicosus and Scorpidium scorpioides) continued to play a foundational role on site for the duration of the Holocene, dependent on a persistent long-term ground water source. Accumulation rates of organic matter have remained steady once the dominant bryophyte layer was established, but with accumulation rates at paludifying marginal sites lower than those of the central moss-graminoid-dominated areas.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"986 - 997"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47422944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polyamines prolong longevity due to their role in cell proliferation and are regarded as an essential group of anti-aging substances that reduce the risk of cardiovascular, neurological, and chronic inflammatory illnesses, as well as cancer. Because of its importance in growth and tissue regeneration, discovering polyamine-rich sources has gotten a lot of interest. Given the role of polyamines in controlling plant growth and physiological changes in the spring after cold winter stress, high polyamine concentrations in quickly growing plant tissues such as flowers, blossoms, and germs are possible. Based on this premise, five different spring flowers were selected and isolated from relevant plants, dried, and then quantified for the first time using an accurate, simple, and repeatable quantification method, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. According to the amount of spermidine found in the samples investigated in this study, dried flower powders of Wisteria sinensis (244.18 µg/g), Lonicera caprifolium (217.28 µg/g), and Jasminum officinale (200.33 µg/g) appear to be a good source of spermidine. With additional research, W. sinensis dried flower powder is a good source of polyamines, whereas L. caprifolium and J. officinale dried flower powders are recommended as a rich source of spermidine for the preparation of natural supplements for people over the age of 30 to improve cell proliferation and anti-aging.
{"title":"Comparison of the Polyamine Content of Five Spring Flowers with Wheat Germ as a Rich Anti-aging Polyamine Source for Preparation of Nutraceutical Products.","authors":"Maryam Mohajeri, Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi, Mohammad Goli, Shaya Mokhtari, Maryam Khandan, Azadeh Nasiri, Farzad Kobarfard","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-134938","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-134938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyamines prolong longevity due to their role in cell proliferation and are regarded as an essential group of anti-aging substances that reduce the risk of cardiovascular, neurological, and chronic inflammatory illnesses, as well as cancer. Because of its importance in growth and tissue regeneration, discovering polyamine-rich sources has gotten a lot of interest. Given the role of polyamines in controlling plant growth and physiological changes in the spring after cold winter stress, high polyamine concentrations in quickly growing plant tissues such as flowers, blossoms, and germs are possible. Based on this premise, five different spring flowers were selected and isolated from relevant plants, dried, and then quantified for the first time using an accurate, simple, and repeatable quantification method, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. According to the amount of spermidine found in the samples investigated in this study, dried flower powders of <i>Wisteria sinensis</i> (244.18 µg/g), <i>Lonicera caprifolium</i> (217.28 µg/g), and <i>Jasminum officinale</i> (200.33 µg/g) appear to be a good source of spermidine. With additional research, <i>W. sinensis</i> dried flower powder is a good source of polyamines, whereas <i>L. caprifolium</i> and <i>J. officinale</i> dried flower powders are recommended as a rich source of spermidine for the preparation of natural supplements for people over the age of 30 to improve cell proliferation and anti-aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"6 1","pages":"e134938"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10728854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87265340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.1177/09596836231169993
M. Kramkowski, Anna Filbrand-Czaja, E. Zawisza, M. Rzodkiewicz, B. Kotrys, J. Mirosław‐Grabowska, M. Błaszkiewicz, Krzysztof Szewczyk, M. Słowiński
In this work, we studied the course of climatic fluctuations at the beginning of the Preboreal period using multiproxy analyses (Chironomidae, pollen, diatoms, Cladocera, stable isotopes, macrocharcoal, microlithofacial) combined with varve chronology of sediments. The results showed a decrease in the mean July temperature and stronger continentalism followed by climate wetting at the start of the Preboreal period. This was reflected in the remodeling of the vegetation cover from birch forests to more open spaces with grass vegetation dominance, as well as that of the species composition of Cladocera and diatoms, and the high variability of isotopic composition. In addition, the results showed the impact of local conditions (fires and relict permafrost) on the amplification of environmental responses due to climate cooling. The environmental transformations presented here correspond temporally to the changes that are well documented in other parts of Europe as the Preboreal Oscillation.
{"title":"Preboreal oscillation in the light of multiproxy analyses—Early Holocene in Lake Jelonek (North Poland)","authors":"M. Kramkowski, Anna Filbrand-Czaja, E. Zawisza, M. Rzodkiewicz, B. Kotrys, J. Mirosław‐Grabowska, M. Błaszkiewicz, Krzysztof Szewczyk, M. Słowiński","doi":"10.1177/09596836231169993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231169993","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we studied the course of climatic fluctuations at the beginning of the Preboreal period using multiproxy analyses (Chironomidae, pollen, diatoms, Cladocera, stable isotopes, macrocharcoal, microlithofacial) combined with varve chronology of sediments. The results showed a decrease in the mean July temperature and stronger continentalism followed by climate wetting at the start of the Preboreal period. This was reflected in the remodeling of the vegetation cover from birch forests to more open spaces with grass vegetation dominance, as well as that of the species composition of Cladocera and diatoms, and the high variability of isotopic composition. In addition, the results showed the impact of local conditions (fires and relict permafrost) on the amplification of environmental responses due to climate cooling. The environmental transformations presented here correspond temporally to the changes that are well documented in other parts of Europe as the Preboreal Oscillation.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"998 - 1011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48947191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.1177/09596836231169995
Li Liu, Haiming Wang, Hanlong Sun, Xingcan Chen
Microfossil analyses of three early Neolithic pottery vessels from Xiaohuangshan, a middle Shangshan culture site in Zhejiang (ca. 9000–8500 cal. BP), revealed the earliest evidence of red rice beer brewing in China. This fermentation method involved the preparation of qu starter with Monascus mold, rice, and probably herbs; the brewing ingredients may have included mainly rice, together with Job’s tears, acorn, and lily bulb; and globular jars were used as fermenters. The dregs of the red beer may have been used for cooking with solid foods and served with them on plates at feasts. The globular jar analyzed was a part of the grave goods assemblage, suggesting that alcoholic beverages were sacrificial offerings to the dead ancestors. This mortuary practice, which involved rice-based fermented beverages, emerged in the early stage of rice cultivation under the wet-warm climatic conditions during the early Holocene, shedding new light on the driving forces of the origin and dispersal of rice domestication in China.
{"title":"Serving red rice beer to the ancestors ca. 9000 years ago at Xiaohuangshan early Neolithic site in south China","authors":"Li Liu, Haiming Wang, Hanlong Sun, Xingcan Chen","doi":"10.1177/09596836231169995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231169995","url":null,"abstract":"Microfossil analyses of three early Neolithic pottery vessels from Xiaohuangshan, a middle Shangshan culture site in Zhejiang (ca. 9000–8500 cal. BP), revealed the earliest evidence of red rice beer brewing in China. This fermentation method involved the preparation of qu starter with Monascus mold, rice, and probably herbs; the brewing ingredients may have included mainly rice, together with Job’s tears, acorn, and lily bulb; and globular jars were used as fermenters. The dregs of the red beer may have been used for cooking with solid foods and served with them on plates at feasts. The globular jar analyzed was a part of the grave goods assemblage, suggesting that alcoholic beverages were sacrificial offerings to the dead ancestors. This mortuary practice, which involved rice-based fermented beverages, emerged in the early stage of rice cultivation under the wet-warm climatic conditions during the early Holocene, shedding new light on the driving forces of the origin and dispersal of rice domestication in China.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"1012 - 1020"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44515006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.1177/09596836231169987
D. Ward, A. Brunelle, B. Bowen
This study builds off the paleoclimatic reconstruction created by Hart et al. that used a multiproxy study to examine the role of moisture in the exodus of the Fremont from Range Creek Canyon in the 12th century. For this research, elemental ratios, weathering indices, and pollen data from two wetland spring sediment cores were used to compare with the existing Hart et al. paleoclimatic reconstruction (Objective 1). Elemental ratios and pollen data proved to be effective proxies for precipitation fluctuation, with the ratio of Pinus to Juniperus pollen representing effective moisture and increasing with the intensity of chemical weathering. Elemental data were additionally used to identify crypto tephra in the cores to validate Range Creek Canyon’s existing chronology (Objective 2). The XRF analysis of the sediment cores constrained the chronology of environmental change in the canyon by identifying the elemental signature of the Mazama eruption (7627 ± 150 cal. year BP). The concentration of Al, Y, and Ti were 50 times higher in this layer than elsewhere in the core, indicating a sudden depositional event, such as a volcanic eruption. Based on the multiproxy data and confirmed chronology, the Fremont entered the canyon during a period of elevated precipitation lasting until 600 AD. Precipitation levels remained steady until 1200 AD, after which precipitation levels decreased, causing drought conditions that coincide with the Fremont’s departure from Range Creek Canyon.
{"title":"Holocene chemostratigraphy of spring sediments in Range Creek Canyon, Utah, USA","authors":"D. Ward, A. Brunelle, B. Bowen","doi":"10.1177/09596836231169987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231169987","url":null,"abstract":"This study builds off the paleoclimatic reconstruction created by Hart et al. that used a multiproxy study to examine the role of moisture in the exodus of the Fremont from Range Creek Canyon in the 12th century. For this research, elemental ratios, weathering indices, and pollen data from two wetland spring sediment cores were used to compare with the existing Hart et al. paleoclimatic reconstruction (Objective 1). Elemental ratios and pollen data proved to be effective proxies for precipitation fluctuation, with the ratio of Pinus to Juniperus pollen representing effective moisture and increasing with the intensity of chemical weathering. Elemental data were additionally used to identify crypto tephra in the cores to validate Range Creek Canyon’s existing chronology (Objective 2). The XRF analysis of the sediment cores constrained the chronology of environmental change in the canyon by identifying the elemental signature of the Mazama eruption (7627 ± 150 cal. year BP). The concentration of Al, Y, and Ti were 50 times higher in this layer than elsewhere in the core, indicating a sudden depositional event, such as a volcanic eruption. Based on the multiproxy data and confirmed chronology, the Fremont entered the canyon during a period of elevated precipitation lasting until 600 AD. Precipitation levels remained steady until 1200 AD, after which precipitation levels decreased, causing drought conditions that coincide with the Fremont’s departure from Range Creek Canyon.","PeriodicalId":50402,"journal":{"name":"Holocene","volume":"33 1","pages":"918 - 925"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43772883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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