Background. Corals play a fundamental role in reef structure and function because of their ability to deposit calcium carbonate and contribute to the formation of complex three-dimensional structures. However, the functioning potential of a reef community, in terms of its building capacity, is affected by the relative abundance of coral species on the reef. Objectives. Evaluate the physical functionality of coral reefs at six sites in the Parque Nacional Zona Marina del Archipiélago Espíritu Santo (PNZMAES). Methods. The Reef Functional Index (RFI) was implemented as a metric of physical functionality; this tool considers the calcification rate, structural complexity, and abundance of coral species at each site. Results. Las Navajas and San Gabriel sites had the highest coral cover, with 74.72 % and 60.14 %, respectively, while La Ballena was the site with the lowest coral cover (6.77 %). In terms of IFA, the sites with the highest index were Las Navajas (0.68) and San Gabriel (0.65), dominated by Pocillopora meandrina and Pocillopora verrucosa corals, respectively. The site with the lowest IFA was La Ballena (0.35), with Pocillopora verrucosa being the predominant coral. Coral species of the genus Pocillopora were predominant in all sites and contributed the most to the Reef Function Index. Conclusions. The Reef Function Index helped to complement the information on the coral assemblage in the PNZMAES and to understand the performance of coral species in the reef functioning of the Mexican Pacific.
{"title":"Description of physical functionality in the coral reefs of Isla Espíritu Santo, La Paz, Baja California Sur","authors":"Rafael Andrés Cabral Tena","doi":"10.24275/rhdh7182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24275/rhdh7182","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Corals play a fundamental role in reef structure and function because of their ability to deposit calcium carbonate and contribute to the formation of complex three-dimensional structures. However, the functioning potential of a reef community, in terms of its building capacity, is affected by the relative abundance of coral species on the reef. Objectives. Evaluate the physical functionality of coral reefs at six sites in the Parque Nacional Zona Marina del Archipiélago Espíritu Santo (PNZMAES). Methods. The Reef Functional Index (RFI) was implemented as a metric of physical functionality; this tool considers the calcification rate, structural complexity, and abundance of coral species at each site. Results. Las Navajas and San Gabriel sites had the highest coral cover, with 74.72 % and 60.14 %, respectively, while La Ballena was the site with the lowest coral cover (6.77 %). In terms of IFA, the sites with the highest index were Las Navajas (0.68) and San Gabriel (0.65), dominated by Pocillopora meandrina and Pocillopora verrucosa corals, respectively. The site with the lowest IFA was La Ballena (0.35), with Pocillopora verrucosa being the predominant coral. Coral species of the genus Pocillopora were predominant in all sites and contributed the most to the Reef Function Index. Conclusions. The Reef Function Index helped to complement the information on the coral assemblage in the PNZMAES and to understand the performance of coral species in the reef functioning of the Mexican Pacific.","PeriodicalId":50407,"journal":{"name":"Hidrobiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Bird studies in the Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano National Park (PNSAV) have reported pre-viously that 48 % of the birds are winter migrants and 52 % are residents. However, the structure of the bird communities of its islands has yet to be previously analyzed. Objectives. To analyze the bird communities’ structure of Sacrificios, Verde, Salmedina, Polo, de Enmedio, and Santiaguillo islands. Methods. From April 2021 to April 2022, six bird censuses were conducted on each island. With the data obtained, species rich-ness, abundance, and alpha diversity using the Shannon, Margalef, and Simpson indices, were determined. Additionally, birds were classified into marine, aquatic or coastal, hawks, and terrestrial, and the number of species and the sum of maxima of these groups were calculated for each island. Finally, with all the informa-tion, the conformation of each island’s bird communities and their diversity variations throughout the study year were analyzed. Results. De Enmedio Island had the highest diversity values (April and October 2021). October had the highest diversity values for Sacrificios, Verde, and Santiaguillo islands. Salmedina and Polo showed the highest diversity in July 2021 and January 2022; only marine and coastal birds were observed on these two islands; in the other islands, terrestrial species predominated. On Polo Island, marine birds were highly abundant despite the island’s small size. Conclusions. There appears to be great anthropogenic pressure on seabirds’ resting and breeding habitats. There needs to be more information about the islands, and generating it is relevant for the integrated management of the PNSAV
{"title":"Bird communities of the Veracruz Reef System National Park islands","authors":"Cynthia Carmona Islas","doi":"10.24275/yfvz8539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24275/yfvz8539","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Bird studies in the Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano National Park (PNSAV) have reported pre-viously that 48 % of the birds are winter migrants and 52 % are residents. However, the structure of the bird communities of its islands has yet to be previously analyzed. Objectives. To analyze the bird communities’ structure of Sacrificios, Verde, Salmedina, Polo, de Enmedio, and Santiaguillo islands. Methods. From April 2021 to April 2022, six bird censuses were conducted on each island. With the data obtained, species rich-ness, abundance, and alpha diversity using the Shannon, Margalef, and Simpson indices, were determined. Additionally, birds were classified into marine, aquatic or coastal, hawks, and terrestrial, and the number of species and the sum of maxima of these groups were calculated for each island. Finally, with all the informa-tion, the conformation of each island’s bird communities and their diversity variations throughout the study year were analyzed. Results. De Enmedio Island had the highest diversity values (April and October 2021). October had the highest diversity values for Sacrificios, Verde, and Santiaguillo islands. Salmedina and Polo showed the highest diversity in July 2021 and January 2022; only marine and coastal birds were observed on these two islands; in the other islands, terrestrial species predominated. On Polo Island, marine birds were highly abundant despite the island’s small size. Conclusions. There appears to be great anthropogenic pressure on seabirds’ resting and breeding habitats. There needs to be more information about the islands, and generating it is relevant for the integrated management of the PNSAV","PeriodicalId":50407,"journal":{"name":"Hidrobiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. The sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana (Order Actiniaria) is an ideal model organism to study diverse biological, physiological, and immune processes in corals (Order Scleractinia) due to its close phyletic relationship and shared traits. E. diaphana is widely distributed along the world’s tropical coastal areas. This species is easy to grow in aquariums under diverse experimental conditions since reproduces asexually and can be rendered aposymbiotic. However, there are a variety of methods to propagate them, making difficult comparisons of results. A standardized propagation protocol for E. diaphana can also contribute to improving the understanding of its biology. Goal. Determine the most rapid method of clonal production in controlled conditions. Results. In the micro-laceration treatment, 50% of the remnant tissue gave rise to a new clonal polyp, while all the amputated anemones resulted in two polyps with tentacles and a pedal disc. Amputated clonal polyps developed their tentacles from the third day, being this treatment the most rapid compared with the control group and the micro-laceration treatment. In both cases, the tentacles started to develop from the sixth day of the experiment. The control group naturally released five clonal polyps with tentacles in the ten-day experiment Conclusion. Transversal amputation was the most rapid method to obtain developed clonal polyps. We, therefore, propose transversal amputation as a standard method for the efficient artificial propagation of the clonal polyps of the model organism E. diaphana.
{"title":"Production of clone polyps of the model organism Exaiptasia diaphana (Rapp, 1829)","authors":"Jacqueline Rivera Ortega","doi":"10.24275/ijgg9560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24275/ijgg9560","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana (Order Actiniaria) is an ideal model organism to study diverse biological, physiological, and immune processes in corals (Order Scleractinia) due to its close phyletic relationship and shared traits. E. diaphana is widely distributed along the world’s tropical coastal areas. This species is easy to grow in aquariums under diverse experimental conditions since reproduces asexually and can be rendered aposymbiotic. However, there are a variety of methods to propagate them, making difficult comparisons of results. A standardized propagation protocol for E. diaphana can also contribute to improving the understanding of its biology. Goal. Determine the most rapid method of clonal production in controlled conditions. Results. In the micro-laceration treatment, 50% of the remnant tissue gave rise to a new clonal polyp, while all the amputated anemones resulted in two polyps with tentacles and a pedal disc. Amputated clonal polyps developed their tentacles from the third day, being this treatment the most rapid compared with the control group and the micro-laceration treatment. In both cases, the tentacles started to develop from the sixth day of the experiment. The control group naturally released five clonal polyps with tentacles in the ten-day experiment Conclusion. Transversal amputation was the most rapid method to obtain developed clonal polyps. We, therefore, propose transversal amputation as a standard method for the efficient artificial propagation of the clonal polyps of the model organism E. diaphana.","PeriodicalId":50407,"journal":{"name":"Hidrobiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Coral reefs provide several important geo-ecological functions essential for the sustainability of coastal human communities. However, during the last 50 years, reef ecosystems are experiencing rapid degradation caused by natural and anthropogenic disturbances. One consequence of the above has been the reduction in the carbonate production rate and the structural complexity of these systems. Particularly, the loss of key coral species in the construction of reefs has compromised the functionality of the ecosystem. Objective. In this study we used an adaptation of the ReefBudget methodology to measure the calcium carbonate budget in the reef of La Entrega, Oaxaca, Mexico. Methods. Six transects were carried out to estimate the abundance of eroding fish (25 x 4 m), sea urchins (25 x 2 m) and the composition of the benthos. Results. When carrying out the corresponding calculations, it was found that in La Entrega 13.72 kg m-2 year-1 (commonly referred as “G”) are produced, the endobioerosion (including erosion by sponges) calculated was 5.65 G. The sea urchin erosion is 0.12 G and that of fish is 0.73 G; the resulting net carbonate budget was 7.21 G. The accretion rate (vertical reef growth) at La Entrega reef was 7.07 mm yr-1. We consider it important to mention that the reef patch at La Entrega is relatively small (approximately 324 x 233 m) compared to formations in the Caribbean or Indo-Pacific regions. Conclusions. Net production at La Entrega is higher than estimated for most Caribbean reefs (2-4 G) but lower than that of the Indo-Pacific (5-14 G). Differences in the balance between regions are mainly associated with differences in the abundances of builder species in each region. According to what was modeled in this work, the La Entrega reef patch presents a sufficient accretion rate to deal with a possible rise in sea level under the RCP 4.5 and 2.6 scenarios (4 and 7 mm, respectively).
背景。珊瑚礁为沿海人类社区的可持续性提供了若干重要的地质生态功能。然而，在过去50年中，由于自然和人为干扰，珊瑚礁生态系统正在经历迅速退化。上述结果之一是碳酸盐产量的降低和这些体系结构的复杂性。特别是，在建造珊瑚礁的过程中，主要珊瑚物种的丧失损害了生态系统的功能。目标。在这项研究中，我们使用了ReefBudget方法的适应性来测量墨西哥瓦哈卡州拉恩特雷加(La Entrega)珊瑚礁中的碳酸钙预算。方法。在6个样带中估计了侵蚀鱼类(25 x 4 m)、海胆(25 x 2 m)的丰度和底栖动物的组成。结果。在进行相应的计算时发现，在La Entrega产生13.72 kg m-2 year-1(通常称为“G”)时，计算出的内生物侵蚀(包括海绵侵蚀)为5.65 G，海胆侵蚀为0.12 G，鱼类侵蚀为0.73 G;所得净碳酸盐收支为7.21 g, La Entrega礁的垂直生长速率为7.07 mm / 1。我们认为有必要提及的是，与加勒比或印度-太平洋地区的地层相比，拉恩特雷加的礁块相对较小(约324 x 233米)。结论。La Entrega的净产量高于大多数加勒比珊瑚礁(2-4 G)的估计，但低于印度-太平洋(5-14 G)。区域之间平衡的差异主要与每个区域构建物种丰度的差异有关。根据本研究的模拟，在RCP 4.5和2.6情景下(分别为4和7毫米)，La Entrega珊瑚礁斑块呈现出足够的增长速度来应对可能的海平面上升。
{"title":"Carbonate Budget in the reef-patch of La Entrega, Oaxaca. Southern Mexican Pacific","authors":"Rafael Andrés Cabral Tena","doi":"10.24275/hthl7067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24275/hthl7067","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Coral reefs provide several important geo-ecological functions essential for the sustainability of coastal human communities. However, during the last 50 years, reef ecosystems are experiencing rapid degradation caused by natural and anthropogenic disturbances. One consequence of the above has been the reduction in the carbonate production rate and the structural complexity of these systems. Particularly, the loss of key coral species in the construction of reefs has compromised the functionality of the ecosystem. Objective. In this study we used an adaptation of the ReefBudget methodology to measure the calcium carbonate budget in the reef of La Entrega, Oaxaca, Mexico. Methods. Six transects were carried out to estimate the abundance of eroding fish (25 x 4 m), sea urchins (25 x 2 m) and the composition of the benthos. Results. When carrying out the corresponding calculations, it was found that in La Entrega 13.72 kg m-2 year-1 (commonly referred as “G”) are produced, the endobioerosion (including erosion by sponges) calculated was 5.65 G. The sea urchin erosion is 0.12 G and that of fish is 0.73 G; the resulting net carbonate budget was 7.21 G. The accretion rate (vertical reef growth) at La Entrega reef was 7.07 mm yr-1. We consider it important to mention that the reef patch at La Entrega is relatively small (approximately 324 x 233 m) compared to formations in the Caribbean or Indo-Pacific regions. Conclusions. Net production at La Entrega is higher than estimated for most Caribbean reefs (2-4 G) but lower than that of the Indo-Pacific (5-14 G). Differences in the balance between regions are mainly associated with differences in the abundances of builder species in each region. According to what was modeled in this work, the La Entrega reef patch presents a sufficient accretion rate to deal with a possible rise in sea level under the RCP 4.5 and 2.6 scenarios (4 and 7 mm, respectively).","PeriodicalId":50407,"journal":{"name":"Hidrobiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Coral reefs exist thanks to the delicate balance between calcification and erosion processes. However, due to anthropogenic pressures, bioerosive processes have become the main forcing factors in reef growth patterns. Nevertheless, due to the morphology of the reefs located in the Mexican South Pacific (extensive plates of pociloporids), estimating internal macrobioerosion is a challenge, resulting in a critical gap in bioerosion processes, particularly those occurring inside corals. Objectives. To measure the internal macrobioerosion of the main coral species and to know its impact on carbonate production in reefs. Methods. We used a computed tomography (CT) based approach to measure the volume of CaCO3 removed by different groups of macrobioeroders. Results. We estimated percentages of internal macrobioerosion between 16.80 % and 26.67 % of the total volume of the colonies. We observed that sponges and mollusks are the guilds that most bioerode species of branching and massive morphology, respectively. We found macrobioerosion rates of 1.51 ± 0.11 kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1 for branched species and 0.53 ± 0.03 kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1 for massive species. The measured bioerosion processes accounted for 39.02 % and 43.86 % of CaCO3 production. Conclusions. Although CT scanning represents higher costs than other approaches (i.e., X-rays), it is the only approach capable of measuring the internal macrobioerosion that occurs within the entire coral skeleton. This approach will allow us to produce more accurate carbonate balances than those that do not consider internal macrobioerosion, improving our estimates of the state of health of the reefs.
背景。珊瑚礁的存在要归功于钙化和侵蚀过程之间的微妙平衡。然而，由于人为压力，生物侵蚀过程已成为珊瑚礁生长模式的主要强迫因素。然而，由于位于墨西哥南太平洋的珊瑚礁的形态(广泛的盆孔虫板块)，估计内部大型生物侵蚀是一项挑战，导致生物侵蚀过程，特别是发生在珊瑚内部的生物侵蚀过程存在关键空白。目标。测量主要珊瑚物种的内部宏观侵蚀，了解其对珊瑚礁碳酸盐生成的影响。方法。我们使用基于计算机断层扫描(CT)的方法来测量不同组的大型侵蚀菌去除CaCO3的体积。结果。我们估计内部大型生物侵蚀的百分比在16.80%到26.67%之间。我们观察到海绵和软体动物分别是最具分枝形态和块状形态的生物侵蚀物种。结果表明，枝状物种的宏观侵蚀速率为1.51±0.11 kg CaCO3 m-2年-1，块状物种的宏观侵蚀速率为0.53±0.03 kg CaCO3 m-2年-1。测定的生物侵蚀过程分别占CaCO3产量的39.02%和43.86%。结论。尽管CT扫描比其他方法(如x射线)成本更高，但它是唯一能够测量整个珊瑚骨架内部宏观生物侵蚀的方法。这种方法将使我们能够比那些不考虑内部宏观生物侵蚀的方法产生更准确的碳酸盐平衡，从而提高我们对珊瑚礁健康状况的估计。
{"title":"Macrobioerosion of the coral reef-building species and impact on carbonate budgets on the reefs of Huatulco, Mexico","authors":"Francisco Medellín Maldonado","doi":"10.24275/uacm7950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24275/uacm7950","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Coral reefs exist thanks to the delicate balance between calcification and erosion processes. However, due to anthropogenic pressures, bioerosive processes have become the main forcing factors in reef growth patterns. Nevertheless, due to the morphology of the reefs located in the Mexican South Pacific (extensive plates of pociloporids), estimating internal macrobioerosion is a challenge, resulting in a critical gap in bioerosion processes, particularly those occurring inside corals. Objectives. To measure the internal macrobioerosion of the main coral species and to know its impact on carbonate production in reefs. Methods. We used a computed tomography (CT) based approach to measure the volume of CaCO3 removed by different groups of macrobioeroders. Results. We estimated percentages of internal macrobioerosion between 16.80 % and 26.67 % of the total volume of the colonies. We observed that sponges and mollusks are the guilds that most bioerode species of branching and massive morphology, respectively. We found macrobioerosion rates of 1.51 ± 0.11 kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1 for branched species and 0.53 ± 0.03 kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1 for massive species. The measured bioerosion processes accounted for 39.02 % and 43.86 % of CaCO3 production. Conclusions. Although CT scanning represents higher costs than other approaches (i.e., X-rays), it is the only approach capable of measuring the internal macrobioerosion that occurs within the entire coral skeleton. This approach will allow us to produce more accurate carbonate balances than those that do not consider internal macrobioerosion, improving our estimates of the state of health of the reefs.","PeriodicalId":50407,"journal":{"name":"Hidrobiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Corals and coral reefs of the eastern Pacific are distributed discontinuously from the Gulf of California to Huatulco, Mexico, and from Los Cóbanos, El Salvador, to northern Peru. The most southeastern coral community in the Mexican Pacific was Tejoncito (Huatulco Bays); however, recent surveys extend the distribution to La Blanca Island. Objective. To make known the characteristics, conditions, and fauna associated with the coral community of La Blanca Island. Methods. During 2016, surveys were conducted around La Blanca Island, where a small coral community was in the northern portion but not in the east and west. Results. The coral community is located at approximately 3 m depth and under a strong current; it is small and characterized by a relatively low coral cover (10 %) of the species Pocillopora damicornis, Pocillopora capitata, and Pocillopora verrucosa. Three coral species, 13 echinoderm species, and 50 fish species were recorded, all commonly associated with coral communities and reefs of the eastern tropical Pacific. The presence of corals on La Blanca Island is relevant because it corresponds to the most southeastern record in the Mexican Pacific (55 km East of Tejoncito, in the area of Huatulco Bays); the record is striking because it is located in a region with strong upwelling, high productivity, drastic changes in water temperature and low pH and Ωarag values, all of which are not very favorable for larval settlement, coral growth, and the development of coral communities. Conclusions. The current record not only broadens the spatial distribution range of corals and coral communities in the Mexican Pacific but also represents an opportunity to study the development of reef-building corals under harsh environmental conditions.
{"title":"La Blanca Island, the southeasternmost coral reef community in the Mexican Pacific","authors":"Rebeca Granja Fernández","doi":"10.24275/nmcn4935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24275/nmcn4935","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Corals and coral reefs of the eastern Pacific are distributed discontinuously from the Gulf of California to Huatulco, Mexico, and from Los Cóbanos, El Salvador, to northern Peru. The most southeastern coral community in the Mexican Pacific was Tejoncito (Huatulco Bays); however, recent surveys extend the distribution to La Blanca Island. Objective. To make known the characteristics, conditions, and fauna associated with the coral community of La Blanca Island. Methods. During 2016, surveys were conducted around La Blanca Island, where a small coral community was in the northern portion but not in the east and west. Results. The coral community is located at approximately 3 m depth and under a strong current; it is small and characterized by a relatively low coral cover (10 %) of the species Pocillopora damicornis, Pocillopora capitata, and Pocillopora verrucosa. Three coral species, 13 echinoderm species, and 50 fish species were recorded, all commonly associated with coral communities and reefs of the eastern tropical Pacific. The presence of corals on La Blanca Island is relevant because it corresponds to the most southeastern record in the Mexican Pacific (55 km East of Tejoncito, in the area of Huatulco Bays); the record is striking because it is located in a region with strong upwelling, high productivity, drastic changes in water temperature and low pH and Ωarag values, all of which are not very favorable for larval settlement, coral growth, and the development of coral communities. Conclusions. The current record not only broadens the spatial distribution range of corals and coral communities in the Mexican Pacific but also represents an opportunity to study the development of reef-building corals under harsh environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":50407,"journal":{"name":"Hidrobiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strengthening management and coral conservation in Natural Protected Areas from the Mexican Pacific Ocean through a collaborative network","authors":"Rebeca Meléndez Rosas","doi":"10.24275/fxih7586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24275/fxih7586","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50407,"journal":{"name":"Hidrobiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Coral reefs are one of the most biodiverse marine ecosystems, in addition to providing highly valuable geo-ecological functions. However, they are affected by various environmental stressors, as well as those of anthropogenic origin. In response to the above, active restoration measures have been implemented, as in the case of the coral community of the Islas Marietas National Park (PNIM). Goals. This work aims to evaluate the effect of coral restoration on physical functionality (FF) by using the reef functional index (IFA), in PNIM reefs in the years 2014 and 2021. Methods. The IFA was used as a FF metric, since it is a more comple-te way of evaluating it. The IFA considers three ecological attributes: coral cover (CC), calcification rate, and structural complexity. The IFA was calculated at two sites within the PNIM, differentiating between restored (R) and unrestored (NR) transects. Results. The reefs showed a greater increase (%) in the R transects for both sites, both in the CC and in the FF, the CC increased between 139-173% and the FF between 31-34%. In contrast to the NR transects where the increase was 9-31% in CC and 8-25% in FF. Conclusion. The data from this study reveal that the restoration in the PNIM using fragments of pociloporids is being effective in terms of physical functionality. Due to the high contribution to the FF that the genus has, the reef structure is being recovered to a greater extent in transects with active restoration compared to transects in which there is no intervention.
{"title":"Evaluation of active restoration through the reef functional index in reefs of the Islas Marietas National Park","authors":"Rafael Andrés Cabral Tena","doi":"10.24275/qdkw4636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24275/qdkw4636","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Coral reefs are one of the most biodiverse marine ecosystems, in addition to providing highly valuable geo-ecological functions. However, they are affected by various environmental stressors, as well as those of anthropogenic origin. In response to the above, active restoration measures have been implemented, as in the case of the coral community of the Islas Marietas National Park (PNIM). Goals. This work aims to evaluate the effect of coral restoration on physical functionality (FF) by using the reef functional index (IFA), in PNIM reefs in the years 2014 and 2021. Methods. The IFA was used as a FF metric, since it is a more comple-te way of evaluating it. The IFA considers three ecological attributes: coral cover (CC), calcification rate, and structural complexity. The IFA was calculated at two sites within the PNIM, differentiating between restored (R) and unrestored (NR) transects. Results. The reefs showed a greater increase (%) in the R transects for both sites, both in the CC and in the FF, the CC increased between 139-173% and the FF between 31-34%. In contrast to the NR transects where the increase was 9-31% in CC and 8-25% in FF. Conclusion. The data from this study reveal that the restoration in the PNIM using fragments of pociloporids is being effective in terms of physical functionality. Due to the high contribution to the FF that the genus has, the reef structure is being recovered to a greater extent in transects with active restoration compared to transects in which there is no intervention.","PeriodicalId":50407,"journal":{"name":"Hidrobiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Ecological Network Analysis has been used for defining aspects concerning the structure, health, and dynamics of marine ecosystems. Objectives. Evaluate the ecosystem’s structure, organization, and matu-rity in the shallow rocky reef ecosystem in Yelapa. Also, we determine the most affected functional groups by disturbances simulated and those which generate less resilience in the ecosystem. Methods. A mass-balan-ce trophic model Ecopath with Ecosim, was constructed, and Ascendency›s theory was used to evaluate the ecosystem properties. A Mixed Trophic Impacts matrix was used to assess direct and indirect trophic effects on the network. The functional groups more sensitive to disturbances were determined using Ecosim dynamics simulations in the short and long term with two mortality scenarios (an increase of 25 % and 50 %). Finally, the System Recovery Time was used as a measure of resilience. Results. The Yelapa rocky-reef ecosystem ex-hibits the feature of a mature, organized, and developing ecosystem but is less resistant to disturbances. Several fish groups, zooplankton, and phytoplankton produced the most remarkable effects in the trophic network. In addition, the phytoplankton, chlorophyta, and the group of other benthic invertebrates propagated more effects on other model components. Conclusions. Yelapa rocky reef would lose resilience if the functional groups eels & morays, other benthic invertebrates, snappers, and phytoplankton were disturbed.
{"title":"Trophic network structure and dynamics simulations of the rocky–reef ecosystem of Yelapa, Mexican Pacific","authors":"Brenda Berenice Hermosillo Núñez","doi":"10.24275/kseb2540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24275/kseb2540","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Ecological Network Analysis has been used for defining aspects concerning the structure, health, and dynamics of marine ecosystems. Objectives. Evaluate the ecosystem’s structure, organization, and matu-rity in the shallow rocky reef ecosystem in Yelapa. Also, we determine the most affected functional groups by disturbances simulated and those which generate less resilience in the ecosystem. Methods. A mass-balan-ce trophic model Ecopath with Ecosim, was constructed, and Ascendency›s theory was used to evaluate the ecosystem properties. A Mixed Trophic Impacts matrix was used to assess direct and indirect trophic effects on the network. The functional groups more sensitive to disturbances were determined using Ecosim dynamics simulations in the short and long term with two mortality scenarios (an increase of 25 % and 50 %). Finally, the System Recovery Time was used as a measure of resilience. Results. The Yelapa rocky-reef ecosystem ex-hibits the feature of a mature, organized, and developing ecosystem but is less resistant to disturbances. Several fish groups, zooplankton, and phytoplankton produced the most remarkable effects in the trophic network. In addition, the phytoplankton, chlorophyta, and the group of other benthic invertebrates propagated more effects on other model components. Conclusions. Yelapa rocky reef would lose resilience if the functional groups eels & morays, other benthic invertebrates, snappers, and phytoplankton were disturbed.","PeriodicalId":50407,"journal":{"name":"Hidrobiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Gene expression (GE) plasticity is an acclimation response that allows organisms to adjust rapidly to environmental changes, providing an adaptive advantage. GE biomarkers are emerging as a valua-ble tool for linking the organism’s physiological plasticitywith the synergetic effects of large-scale climatic conditions and local impacts such as temperature and nutrients. Objectives. In this study, we investigate the GE plasticity of the 70-kDa heat shock protein (hsp70) and the carbonic anhydrase enzyme (CA) to confirm the ability of those two genes as biomarkers of the Cellular Stress Response and Cellular Homeostasis Res-ponse, respectively. Methods. Using qPCR, we evaluate the GE plasticity of coral colonies from Pocillopora capitata, Pocillopora damicornis,and Pocillopora verrucosa at the Carrizales reef (Colima coast of Mexico) naturally exposed to environmental changes in the Sea Surface Temperature (SST), productivity and nutrients using the cellular density of Symbiodiniaceae and chlorophyll content as health indices. Results. Our results clearly show GE plasticity in the hsp70 for Pocillopora verrucosa and Pocillopora damicornis related to a daily environmental change in temperature and nutrients. On the other hand, the CA gene expression shows no change in response to daily variations. However, there was a significantly high expression of CA and a lower expression of hsp70 in Pocillopora capitata. Furthermore, we found no significant differences in the health in-dices, suggesting some degree of physiological plasticity in Pocillopora corals like its extensive morphological plasticity that could reflect different adaptation capacities to low temperatures and high nutrients during the spring season in the central Mexican Pacific. Conclusions. Evaluating the phenotypic plasticity (morphology and molecular physiology) could help identify coral colonies with a more significant potential to survive en-vironmental stressors. The latter is an essential consideration for managing, conserving, and restoring coral reefs in the Mexican Pacific.
{"title":"Two biomarkers of gene expression plasticity in Pocillopora corals from the Carrizales reef, Mexican Tropical Pacific","authors":"Eugenio J. Carpizo Ituarte","doi":"10.24275/aohh9236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24275/aohh9236","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Gene expression (GE) plasticity is an acclimation response that allows organisms to adjust rapidly to environmental changes, providing an adaptive advantage. GE biomarkers are emerging as a valua-ble tool for linking the organism’s physiological plasticitywith the synergetic effects of large-scale climatic conditions and local impacts such as temperature and nutrients. Objectives. In this study, we investigate the GE plasticity of the 70-kDa heat shock protein (hsp70) and the carbonic anhydrase enzyme (CA) to confirm the ability of those two genes as biomarkers of the Cellular Stress Response and Cellular Homeostasis Res-ponse, respectively. Methods. Using qPCR, we evaluate the GE plasticity of coral colonies from Pocillopora capitata, Pocillopora damicornis,and Pocillopora verrucosa at the Carrizales reef (Colima coast of Mexico) naturally exposed to environmental changes in the Sea Surface Temperature (SST), productivity and nutrients using the cellular density of Symbiodiniaceae and chlorophyll content as health indices. Results. Our results clearly show GE plasticity in the hsp70 for Pocillopora verrucosa and Pocillopora damicornis related to a daily environmental change in temperature and nutrients. On the other hand, the CA gene expression shows no change in response to daily variations. However, there was a significantly high expression of CA and a lower expression of hsp70 in Pocillopora capitata. Furthermore, we found no significant differences in the health in-dices, suggesting some degree of physiological plasticity in Pocillopora corals like its extensive morphological plasticity that could reflect different adaptation capacities to low temperatures and high nutrients during the spring season in the central Mexican Pacific. Conclusions. Evaluating the phenotypic plasticity (morphology and molecular physiology) could help identify coral colonies with a more significant potential to survive en-vironmental stressors. The latter is an essential consideration for managing, conserving, and restoring coral reefs in the Mexican Pacific.","PeriodicalId":50407,"journal":{"name":"Hidrobiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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