Background. Coastal environments such as the intertidal zone and rocky and coral reefs are exposed to natural disturbances such as tides, storms, hurricanes, and cyclones and human activities such as fishing, tourism, and pollution. The deep reef refuge hypothesis posits that organisms that can inhabit greater depths would be less vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts, greenhouse warming of the sea surface, and ocean acidi-fication caused by the increased partial pressure of CO2. Consequently, deep rocky or coral reefs can function as “insurance” against the effects of climate change. Objective. To analyse biotic and abiotic variables of the mesophotic ecosystem of Archipelago Espíritu Santo to assess it as a refuge against climate change-related disturbances. Methods. Bathymetry, profiles of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen; determination of the euphotic zone, sampling in shallow and deep waters collecting water for analysis of carbonate system, video transects with remotely operated vehicles for the identification of benthic species and estimation of their abundance including those of commercial importance or conservation. Calculation of ecological indices and the reef-functional index. Results. Deepest recorded point was 78m, shallowest mesophotic zone was 11m. Temperature does not show a stratification either in April or in October 2021, but the salinity registers a peak near 30 m depth, and the dissolved oxygen decreases at 20 m. W Aragonite is below 3.0; there is spatial variation in the structural indices of the benthic community, and the reef-functional index is between 0.16 and 0.65. Conclusions. There are sharp spatial variations within the same locality, limiting the assertion that mesophotic ecosystems can serve as a refuge from climate change.
{"title":"The mesophotic ecosystem of archipelago Espíritu Santo as a refuge from climate change","authors":"Luis Eduardo Calderón Aguilera","doi":"10.24275/pqxd5278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24275/pqxd5278","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Coastal environments such as the intertidal zone and rocky and coral reefs are exposed to natural disturbances such as tides, storms, hurricanes, and cyclones and human activities such as fishing, tourism, and pollution. The deep reef refuge hypothesis posits that organisms that can inhabit greater depths would be less vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts, greenhouse warming of the sea surface, and ocean acidi-fication caused by the increased partial pressure of CO2. Consequently, deep rocky or coral reefs can function as “insurance” against the effects of climate change. Objective. To analyse biotic and abiotic variables of the mesophotic ecosystem of Archipelago Espíritu Santo to assess it as a refuge against climate change-related disturbances. Methods. Bathymetry, profiles of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen; determination of the euphotic zone, sampling in shallow and deep waters collecting water for analysis of carbonate system, video transects with remotely operated vehicles for the identification of benthic species and estimation of their abundance including those of commercial importance or conservation. Calculation of ecological indices and the reef-functional index. Results. Deepest recorded point was 78m, shallowest mesophotic zone was 11m. Temperature does not show a stratification either in April or in October 2021, but the salinity registers a peak near 30 m depth, and the dissolved oxygen decreases at 20 m. W Aragonite is below 3.0; there is spatial variation in the structural indices of the benthic community, and the reef-functional index is between 0.16 and 0.65. Conclusions. There are sharp spatial variations within the same locality, limiting the assertion that mesophotic ecosystems can serve as a refuge from climate change.","PeriodicalId":50407,"journal":{"name":"Hidrobiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Plastic production has increased considerably in the last decades, with production during 2019 of 368 million tons, where a considerable amount is discarded into the environment, where it wears out and decomposes into microplastics. Objectives. Quantify and characterize the microplastics on the beaches of the area of influence of the Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano (PNSAV). Methods. The present study sampled sand beaches on the coasts of Veracruz, more specifically in La Mancha, Chachalacas, Chalchihuecan, Antón Lizardo, and El Sendero, in the municipalities of Actopan, Úrsulo Galván, La Antigua and Alvarado, respectively. Plastic particles were obtained after drying and sieving the sand and were quantified and characterized by spectroscopy (FTIR) and electron microscopy (SEM). Results. A total of 180 plastic pieces (4.5 pieces /m2 ) were found in the zone of influence of the PNSAV. El Sendero and Chachalacas’s beaches presented the most plastic pieces. Of the total number of particles in the system, 92.35% were irregularly shaped, and the rest were fibers, pellets, and films. Regarding the type and dominance of plastic polymers found on the beaches, the three primary materials were high and low-density polyethylene (26.67 and 27.22 %, respectively) and polypropylene (23.33 %). Conclusions. Microplastics were found on all the beaches analyzed, most of which were irregular in shape, representing a risk for organisms that ingest them since they serve as vectors of pathogenic microorganisms and dispersers of toxic chemicals.
{"title":"Microplastics in beaches within the influence area of the Veracruz Reef System National Park (PNSAV), Mexico","authors":"Luis Alberto Peralta Peláez","doi":"10.24275/khdd6042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24275/khdd6042","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Plastic production has increased considerably in the last decades, with production during 2019 of 368 million tons, where a considerable amount is discarded into the environment, where it wears out and decomposes into microplastics. Objectives. Quantify and characterize the microplastics on the beaches of the area of influence of the Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano (PNSAV). Methods. The present study sampled sand beaches on the coasts of Veracruz, more specifically in La Mancha, Chachalacas, Chalchihuecan, Antón Lizardo, and El Sendero, in the municipalities of Actopan, Úrsulo Galván, La Antigua and Alvarado, respectively. Plastic particles were obtained after drying and sieving the sand and were quantified and characterized by spectroscopy (FTIR) and electron microscopy (SEM). Results. A total of 180 plastic pieces (4.5 pieces /m2 ) were found in the zone of influence of the PNSAV. El Sendero and Chachalacas’s beaches presented the most plastic pieces. Of the total number of particles in the system, 92.35% were irregularly shaped, and the rest were fibers, pellets, and films. Regarding the type and dominance of plastic polymers found on the beaches, the three primary materials were high and low-density polyethylene (26.67 and 27.22 %, respectively) and polypropylene (23.33 %). Conclusions. Microplastics were found on all the beaches analyzed, most of which were irregular in shape, representing a risk for organisms that ingest them since they serve as vectors of pathogenic microorganisms and dispersers of toxic chemicals.","PeriodicalId":50407,"journal":{"name":"Hidrobiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136037342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. The euphotic zone (EUZ) is the most superficial section of the water column where solar radiation is sufficient to produce photosynthesis. In situ depth is measured using light profiler probes but can also be monitored using remote sensing. Objective. To determine the temporal and spatial variability of Bahía de Banderas Euphotic Zone (EUZ) and its relationship with other variables that contribute to turbidity. Methods. Different data sources (OceanColor, Copernicus, NOAA, CONAGUA) were used to obtain time series (2003 to 2020) of particulate inorganic matter (PIM), Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm (Kd490), depth of the Secchi disk (ZSD), ZEU, daily precipitation and water level of the Ameca and Pitillal rivers and a correlation analysis was made between these variables, and a cluster analysis to determine if there are spatial differences in the bay, as well as scatter plots to observe trends among environmental parameters. Two seasonal maps (rainy and dry season) were drawn based on the climatic medians of ZEU and the prevailing geostrophic currents. Results. The euphotic zone (EUZ) was deeper from June to August (48.54 ± 21.93 m) and shallower from February to April (22.95 ± 12.98 m); the cluster analysis determined that the bay is divided into two areas: the north, whose ZEU is shallower (higher correlation with MIP and Chl-a), and the south, where it is deeper (higher correlation with Chl-a). Conclusions. The parameter that has the greatest effect on the depth of the ZEU is the Chl-a, and only the area closest to the mouth of the Ameca and Pitillal rivers presents an inverse relationship between the ZEU with the MIP and the Chl-a.
背景。光带(EUZ)是水柱最浅层的部分，在这里太阳辐射足以产生光合作用。就地深度是用光剖面探测器测量的，但也可以用遥感监测。目标。确定Bahía de Banderas EUZ (de Banderas EUZ)的时空变异性及其与其他浊度变量的关系。方法。利用不同数据源(OceanColor、Copernicus、NOAA、CONAGUA)获取2003 - 2020年Ameca和Pitillal河流颗粒无无机物质(PIM)、叶绿素-a (Chl-a)、490 nm扩散衰减系数(Kd490)、Secchi盘深度(ZSD)、ZEU、日降水量和水位的时间序列，并对这些变量进行相关分析，并进行聚类分析，确定海湾内是否存在空间差异。以及散点图来观察环境参数之间的趋势。根据ZEU的气候中值和当时盛行的地转流绘制了两幅季节图(雨季和旱季)。结果。6 ~ 8月的EUZ较深(48.54±21.93 m)， 2 ~ 4月的EUZ较浅(22.95±12.98 m);聚类分析确定海湾分为两个区域:北部，其ZEU较浅(与MIP和Chl-a的相关性较高)，南部，其较深(与Chl-a的相关性较高)。结论。对ZEU深度影响最大的参数是Chl-a，只有最靠近美洲河和皮蒂勒河入海口的区域ZEU与MIP和Chl-a呈反比关系。
{"title":"Seasonal and spatial variability of the euphotic zone in Bahía de Banderas","authors":"Luis Eduardo Calderón Aguilera","doi":"10.24275/rzpr6531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24275/rzpr6531","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The euphotic zone (EUZ) is the most superficial section of the water column where solar radiation is sufficient to produce photosynthesis. In situ depth is measured using light profiler probes but can also be monitored using remote sensing. Objective. To determine the temporal and spatial variability of Bahía de Banderas Euphotic Zone (EUZ) and its relationship with other variables that contribute to turbidity. Methods. Different data sources (OceanColor, Copernicus, NOAA, CONAGUA) were used to obtain time series (2003 to 2020) of particulate inorganic matter (PIM), Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm (Kd490), depth of the Secchi disk (ZSD), ZEU, daily precipitation and water level of the Ameca and Pitillal rivers and a correlation analysis was made between these variables, and a cluster analysis to determine if there are spatial differences in the bay, as well as scatter plots to observe trends among environmental parameters. Two seasonal maps (rainy and dry season) were drawn based on the climatic medians of ZEU and the prevailing geostrophic currents. Results. The euphotic zone (EUZ) was deeper from June to August (48.54 ± 21.93 m) and shallower from February to April (22.95 ± 12.98 m); the cluster analysis determined that the bay is divided into two areas: the north, whose ZEU is shallower (higher correlation with MIP and Chl-a), and the south, where it is deeper (higher correlation with Chl-a). Conclusions. The parameter that has the greatest effect on the depth of the ZEU is the Chl-a, and only the area closest to the mouth of the Ameca and Pitillal rivers presents an inverse relationship between the ZEU with the MIP and the Chl-a.","PeriodicalId":50407,"journal":{"name":"Hidrobiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Since 1978, more than 200 offerings have been studied in the archeological zone of the Templo Mayor of Tenochtitlan, where an enormous diversity of cultural objects, as well as rests of human beings, plants, and animals, including several coral species have been found. The offerings 178 and 179 were exca-vated recently, as they were discovered in 2019, and due to the type of material, but mainly because of the number of specimens, its excavation process and study have been slow and meticulous, and it is unfinished yet in the 178. Objectives. This study describes the soft corals deposited in these two offerings. Methods. Excavation, extraction, cleaning, and preservation of the corals were performed according to the Proyecto Templo Mayor protocol. Due to the state of conservation of the samples, and the effects of almost 500 years of burial, taxonomic identification was made considering the external morphological characteristics. Results. Until now, in both offerings, there are four species of gorgonians of the genus Pacifigorgia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae), currently distributed on the Mexican Pacific coast. In Offering 178, three species are registered, and four in Offering 179. Conclusions. The relevant aspect of these offerings, in particular Offering 178, is the exceptional amount of buried corals, because both contain more than 150 entire colonies and almost 300 lots of fragments, for a total of 454 corals, a number never recorded previously in any other offering in the heart of ancient Tenochtitlan during the last 45 years of excavations. Because the study of corals of the sacred temple will continue due to more excavation of offerings, the number of species and specimens will increase in the future.
{"title":"Soft corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia) of the offerings 178 and 179 of the Templo Mayor of Tenochtitlan, Mexico","authors":"Pedro Medina Rosas","doi":"10.24275/awhr2903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24275/awhr2903","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Since 1978, more than 200 offerings have been studied in the archeological zone of the Templo Mayor of Tenochtitlan, where an enormous diversity of cultural objects, as well as rests of human beings, plants, and animals, including several coral species have been found. The offerings 178 and 179 were exca-vated recently, as they were discovered in 2019, and due to the type of material, but mainly because of the number of specimens, its excavation process and study have been slow and meticulous, and it is unfinished yet in the 178. Objectives. This study describes the soft corals deposited in these two offerings. Methods. Excavation, extraction, cleaning, and preservation of the corals were performed according to the Proyecto Templo Mayor protocol. Due to the state of conservation of the samples, and the effects of almost 500 years of burial, taxonomic identification was made considering the external morphological characteristics. Results. Until now, in both offerings, there are four species of gorgonians of the genus Pacifigorgia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae), currently distributed on the Mexican Pacific coast. In Offering 178, three species are registered, and four in Offering 179. Conclusions. The relevant aspect of these offerings, in particular Offering 178, is the exceptional amount of buried corals, because both contain more than 150 entire colonies and almost 300 lots of fragments, for a total of 454 corals, a number never recorded previously in any other offering in the heart of ancient Tenochtitlan during the last 45 years of excavations. Because the study of corals of the sacred temple will continue due to more excavation of offerings, the number of species and specimens will increase in the future.","PeriodicalId":50407,"journal":{"name":"Hidrobiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. In 1985, as part of a global project within the “Secretaría de Marina” and continued in the “Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México” and in “Estudio y Conservación de la Naturaleza, A. C.”, a collection series of stomatopods and decapods crustaceans that inhabit the coral reefs of the East coast of Mexico began. Objective. Provide an updated inventory and analysis of species richness on 12 reefs for the two orders of crustaceans. Method: Manual collection, dredges, free and autonomous diving. Review of national and international collections and bibliographic records. Results. The 12 coral reefs studied are geographically distributed in four groups: northern Veracruz (97 species), central Veracruz (194 species), Campeche (130 species), and Yucatán (196 species). Twelve species, six genera, and five families are recognized for the stomatopods, and 314 species, 155 genera, and 55 families for the decapods. The family with the highest richness was the Alpheidae, with 53 species (due to the plasticity of occupying various available habitats in the reefs and by establishing symbiosis with other taxa), followed by Palaemonidae shrimps (29 species) and the spider crabs of the Mithracidae family (18 species). The Portunidae family (swimming crabs) presented 16 species, followed by porcelain crabs (15 species) and xanthoidean crabs (13 species). Twenty families presented only one species. Some species are considered “species in transit” such as Latreutes fucorum, Latreutes parvulus, and Portunus sayi, which were found to be associated with Sargassum spp. Conclusions. There is no doubt that the inventory of species of the Mexican reefs of the East coast will increase considerably by making a greater sampling effort at different tide phases and times of the year and sampling in specific habitats for certain species.
背景。1985年，作为“Secretaría de Marina”内的一个全球项目的一部分，并在“Autónoma de macimxico国立大学科学学院”和“Conservación de la Naturaleza Estudio, a.c.”中继续进行，开始收集一系列栖息在墨西哥东海岸珊瑚礁上的口足类和十足类甲壳类动物。目标。提供12个珊瑚礁上两目甲壳类动物物种丰富度的最新清单和分析。方法:人工采集、疏浚、自由自主潜水。审查国内和国际收藏和书目记录。结果。研究的12个珊瑚礁在地理上分布在四个群体:韦拉克鲁斯北部(97种)，韦拉克鲁斯中部(194种)，坎佩切(130种)和Yucatán(196种)。口足类有5科6属12种，十足类有55科155属314种。丰富度最高的科是Alpheidae，有53种(由于在珊瑚礁中占据各种可用栖息地的可塑性以及与其他类群建立共生关系)，其次是Palaemonidae虾(29种)和Mithracidae蜘蛛蟹科(18种)。游蟹科有16种，其次是瓷蟹(15种)和黄原蟹(13种)。20科只有1种。一些物种被认为是“运输物种”，如Latreutes fucorum、Latreutes parvulus和Portunus sayi，它们被发现与马尾藻属有关。毫无疑问，在一年中不同的潮汐阶段和时间进行更大的采样工作，并在特定的栖息地对某些物种进行采样，墨西哥东海岸珊瑚礁的物种清单将大大增加。
{"title":"Stomatopod and decapod crustaceans in 12 coral reefs of the Gulf of Mexico","authors":"Jorge Luis Hernández Aguilera","doi":"10.24275/npko6030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24275/npko6030","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In 1985, as part of a global project within the “Secretaría de Marina” and continued in the “Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México” and in “Estudio y Conservación de la Naturaleza, A. C.”, a collection series of stomatopods and decapods crustaceans that inhabit the coral reefs of the East coast of Mexico began. Objective. Provide an updated inventory and analysis of species richness on 12 reefs for the two orders of crustaceans. Method: Manual collection, dredges, free and autonomous diving. Review of national and international collections and bibliographic records. Results. The 12 coral reefs studied are geographically distributed in four groups: northern Veracruz (97 species), central Veracruz (194 species), Campeche (130 species), and Yucatán (196 species). Twelve species, six genera, and five families are recognized for the stomatopods, and 314 species, 155 genera, and 55 families for the decapods. The family with the highest richness was the Alpheidae, with 53 species (due to the plasticity of occupying various available habitats in the reefs and by establishing symbiosis with other taxa), followed by Palaemonidae shrimps (29 species) and the spider crabs of the Mithracidae family (18 species). The Portunidae family (swimming crabs) presented 16 species, followed by porcelain crabs (15 species) and xanthoidean crabs (13 species). Twenty families presented only one species. Some species are considered “species in transit” such as Latreutes fucorum, Latreutes parvulus, and Portunus sayi, which were found to be associated with Sargassum spp. Conclusions. There is no doubt that the inventory of species of the Mexican reefs of the East coast will increase considerably by making a greater sampling effort at different tide phases and times of the year and sampling in specific habitats for certain species.","PeriodicalId":50407,"journal":{"name":"Hidrobiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Density, biomass, and size structure of lionfish in the Tuxpan reef, Veracruz","authors":"Carlos González Gándara","doi":"10.24275/njyw6832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24275/njyw6832","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50407,"journal":{"name":"Hidrobiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Few investigations use functional diversity and the reef functional index (IFA) to assess the sta-te of reef communities. Objectives. Evaluate physical functionality as an indicator of fish habitat availability and its relationship with functional diversity. Methods. The physical functionality of the reef was evaluated using the IFA, integrating data on coral cover, structural complexity, and calcification rate. The structure of the fish assemblages was analyzed by calculating functional diversity indices (richness, evenness, and divergen-ce) based on six functional traits (body size, mobility, activity period, type of aggregation, position in the water column, and diet). The relationship between functional diversity and IFA was evaluated using linear regression analysis. Results. Área de Restauración showed the highest values in the IFA; on the contrary, Túnel Amarra-dero presented the lowest values. In both sites, a greater presence of Pocillopora verrucosa was observed. Functional diversity presented the lowest values in the three functional indices in Área de Restauración. Linear regression analyses were not significant. Conclusions. No linear relationship was found between the IFA and functional diversity; this can be attributed to the fact that in sites with low coral cover, such as Islas Marietas, the functional diversity of fish presents a weak relationship with the three-dimensionality provided by corals since in sites with low coral cover, other structural elements (geologic features and rock substrates) could promote these three-dimensional structures.
背景。利用功能多样性和珊瑚礁功能指数(IFA)来评价珊瑚礁群落状况的研究很少。目标。评价作为鱼类栖息地可用性指标的物理功能及其与功能多样性的关系。方法。利用IFA综合了珊瑚覆盖、结构复杂性和钙化率等数据，对珊瑚礁的物理功能进行了评估。基于6个功能特征(体型、流动性、活动期、聚集类型、在水体中的位置和食性)，通过计算功能多样性指数(丰富度、均匀度和发散度)对鱼类群落结构进行分析。采用线性回归分析评价功能多样性与IFA之间的关系。结果。在IFA中，Área de Restauración值最高;相反，Túnel Amarra-dero的值最低。在这两个部位，观察到更多的疣状棘孢的存在。功能多样性在Área de Restauración的3个功能指标中值最低。线性回归分析无显著性。结论。IFA与功能多样性之间无线性关系;这可归因于以下事实:在珊瑚覆盖较少的地点，如玛丽埃塔斯岛，鱼类的功能多样性与珊瑚提供的三维结构之间的关系较弱，因为在珊瑚覆盖较少的地点，其他结构因素(地质特征和岩石基质)可以促进这些三维结构。
{"title":"Physical functionality as an indicator of habitat availability in Islas Marietas, Nayarit, Mexico","authors":"Rafael Andrés Cabral Tena","doi":"10.24275/bdte3481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24275/bdte3481","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Few investigations use functional diversity and the reef functional index (IFA) to assess the sta-te of reef communities. Objectives. Evaluate physical functionality as an indicator of fish habitat availability and its relationship with functional diversity. Methods. The physical functionality of the reef was evaluated using the IFA, integrating data on coral cover, structural complexity, and calcification rate. The structure of the fish assemblages was analyzed by calculating functional diversity indices (richness, evenness, and divergen-ce) based on six functional traits (body size, mobility, activity period, type of aggregation, position in the water column, and diet). The relationship between functional diversity and IFA was evaluated using linear regression analysis. Results. Área de Restauración showed the highest values in the IFA; on the contrary, Túnel Amarra-dero presented the lowest values. In both sites, a greater presence of Pocillopora verrucosa was observed. Functional diversity presented the lowest values in the three functional indices in Área de Restauración. Linear regression analyses were not significant. Conclusions. No linear relationship was found between the IFA and functional diversity; this can be attributed to the fact that in sites with low coral cover, such as Islas Marietas, the functional diversity of fish presents a weak relationship with the three-dimensionality provided by corals since in sites with low coral cover, other structural elements (geologic features and rock substrates) could promote these three-dimensional structures.","PeriodicalId":50407,"journal":{"name":"Hidrobiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. The Veracruz coastal zone in Mexico has a vast coastline where different tourist (use of beaches), economic (urban-port, commercial, and gastronomic), social, cultural, and sports activities are carried out. In Mexico, the only regulation that refers to the quality of beaches is NMX-AA-120-SCFI-2016, in which the absence of fecal matter is determined as an indicator of its sanitary quality. However, the inadequate management of fecal material in recreational beaches compromises public health and contributes to water and sand quality deterioration. Objective. To evaluate the presence of parasitic forms of zoonotic importance in the sand of the beaches of the Veracruz-Boca del Río metropolitan area that affect the Veracruz Reef System National Park. Methods. A total of 100 samples of beach sand and 19 samples of fecal matter were taken in the period from June to October 2021. The analyzes were carried out at the Boca del Río Technological Institute/Aquatic Resources Research Laboratory by the Willis flotation technique and cup sedimentation. The presence of helminths was identified and quantified as bioindicators of fecal matter contamination. Results. Of the sand samples, 28 % were positive for parasitic forms with a recovery of 112 parasitic forms, of which 67.85 % correspond to parasites of the genus Strongyloides sp. and Hookworms. 32.35 % corresponds to non-pathogenic parasites for humans. Of the fecal matter samples collected, only 42.1 % showed positivity to the parasitized forms mentioned above. Conclusions. The presence of parasitic pathogenic forms in the sand samples indicates fecal contamination, which compromises the sanitary and environmental quality of the beach sand of the Veracruz-Boca del Río metropolitan area and the Veracruz Reef System National Park.
背景。墨西哥的韦拉克鲁斯沿海地区拥有广阔的海岸线，各种旅游(海滩的使用)、经济(城市港口、商业和美食)、社会、文化和体育活动都在这里进行。在墨西哥，唯一涉及海滩质量的法规是NMX-AA-120-SCFI-2016，其中确定不存在粪便作为其卫生质量的指标。然而，娱乐泳滩的排泄物管理不当，危害公众健康，并导致水和沙的质量恶化。目标。评估影响韦拉克鲁斯珊瑚礁系统国家公园的维拉克鲁斯-博卡德尔Río大都市区海滩沙滩上人畜共患寄生虫的存在。方法。在2021年6月至10月期间，共采集了100个海滩沙子样本和19个粪便样本。分析是在Boca del Río技术研究所/水生资源研究实验室通过Willis浮选技术和杯状沉淀法进行的。鉴定并量化了蚯蚓的存在，作为粪便污染的生物指标。结果。沙样中28 %检出寄生虫，共检出112种，其中67.85%为圆形线虫属寄生虫和钩虫属寄生虫，32.35%为非致病性人类寄生虫。在收集的粪便样本中，仅有42.1%呈上述寄生形式的阳性。结论。沙子样本中寄生致病性形式的存在表明粪便污染，这损害了韦拉克鲁斯-博卡德尔Río大都市区和韦拉克鲁斯珊瑚礁系统国家公园的海滩沙子的卫生和环境质量。
{"title":"Presence of parasitic forms of zoonotic importance in beach sand that affect the Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano","authors":"Itzel Galaviz Villa","doi":"10.24275/hioo7870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24275/hioo7870","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The Veracruz coastal zone in Mexico has a vast coastline where different tourist (use of beaches), economic (urban-port, commercial, and gastronomic), social, cultural, and sports activities are carried out. In Mexico, the only regulation that refers to the quality of beaches is NMX-AA-120-SCFI-2016, in which the absence of fecal matter is determined as an indicator of its sanitary quality. However, the inadequate management of fecal material in recreational beaches compromises public health and contributes to water and sand quality deterioration. Objective. To evaluate the presence of parasitic forms of zoonotic importance in the sand of the beaches of the Veracruz-Boca del Río metropolitan area that affect the Veracruz Reef System National Park. Methods. A total of 100 samples of beach sand and 19 samples of fecal matter were taken in the period from June to October 2021. The analyzes were carried out at the Boca del Río Technological Institute/Aquatic Resources Research Laboratory by the Willis flotation technique and cup sedimentation. The presence of helminths was identified and quantified as bioindicators of fecal matter contamination. Results. Of the sand samples, 28 % were positive for parasitic forms with a recovery of 112 parasitic forms, of which 67.85 % correspond to parasites of the genus Strongyloides sp. and Hookworms. 32.35 % corresponds to non-pathogenic parasites for humans. Of the fecal matter samples collected, only 42.1 % showed positivity to the parasitized forms mentioned above. Conclusions. The presence of parasitic pathogenic forms in the sand samples indicates fecal contamination, which compromises the sanitary and environmental quality of the beach sand of the Veracruz-Boca del Río metropolitan area and the Veracruz Reef System National Park.","PeriodicalId":50407,"journal":{"name":"Hidrobiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Sclerobionts (e.g., calcareous algae, bryozoans, polychaetes, mollusks, and barnacles) produce reef calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Their contribution is key to maintaining positive CaCO3 balances, especially in marginal reefs. Objective. To compare the production of CaCO3 by sclerobionts in two marginal reefs of the Mexican Pacific: Las Gatas (LG), in Zihuatanejo Guerrero Bay, and La Llave (LL), in Bahía de Los Angeles (Gulf of California). Methods. CAUs (Calcification/Accretion Units) were used to promote sclerobiont recruitment during two deployment times: 6 and 15 months. Results. The calcification rate was high at six months and then decreased due to rapid colonization and initial growth, followed by a decrease over time. Sclerobionts deposited 1.2 ± 0.4 kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1 in LG, which represents 7% of the production of branching corals in the Mexican South Pacific (17.2 kg m-2 yr-1), while in LL, they deposited 2.1 ± 0.7 kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1; equivalent to 20% of the production of massive corals in the area (10.1 kg m-2 yr-1). The groups that deposited most CaCO3were mollusks and bryozoans in LG (up to 0.65 ± 0.16 kg m-2 yr-1) and barnacles in LL (up to 2.32 ± 0.35 kg m-2 yr-1). Conclusions. These results highlight the role of heterotrophs as secondary calcifiers both in LG, a site impacted by anthropogenic activity, and in LL, an area with low anthropogenic impact but high biological productivity associated with upwellings. This finding implies that the environmental conditions at the study sites limit the calcification of primary calcifiers (i.e., corals and CCA) but promote that of secondary calcifiers, with potential geomorphic repercussions
背景。坚硬生物(如钙质藻类、苔藓虫、多毛类、软体动物和藤壶)产生礁状碳酸钙(CaCO3)。它们的贡献是维持正CaCO3平衡的关键，尤其是在边缘珊瑚礁。目标。比较墨西哥太平洋两个边缘珊瑚礁:Zihuatanejo Guerrero湾的Las Gatas (LG)和Bahía de Los Angeles(加利福尼亚湾)的La Llave (LL)的结块产生的CaCO3。方法。在6个月和15个月的两次部署期间，使用CAUs(钙化/增积单元)来促进硬化招募。结果。钙化率在6个月时很高，然后由于快速定植和初始生长而降低，随后随着时间的推移而降低。在LG沉积1.2±0.4 kg CaCO3 m-2年-1，占墨西哥南太平洋分支珊瑚产量的7% (17.2 kg m-2年-1)，而在LL沉积2.1±0.7 kg CaCO3 m-2年-1;相当于该地区大型珊瑚产量的20% (10.1 kg m-2 year -1)。沉积caco3最多的类群是LG的软体动物和苔藓虫(最多0.65±0.16 kg m-2年-1)和LL的藤壶(最多2.32±0.35 kg m-2年-1)。结论。这些结果强调了异养生物作为次生钙化剂的作用，无论是在受人为活动影响的LG地区，还是在与上升流相关的低人为影响但高生物生产力的LL地区。这一发现表明，研究地点的环境条件限制了初级钙化物(即珊瑚和CCA)的钙化，但促进了次级钙化物的钙化，具有潜在的地貌影响
{"title":"Contribution of heterotrophs to secondary calcification in marginal reefs of the Mexican Pacific","authors":"J. Fernando Alvarado Rodríguez","doi":"10.24275/uvos4166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24275/uvos4166","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Sclerobionts (e.g., calcareous algae, bryozoans, polychaetes, mollusks, and barnacles) produce reef calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Their contribution is key to maintaining positive CaCO3 balances, especially in marginal reefs. Objective. To compare the production of CaCO3 by sclerobionts in two marginal reefs of the Mexican Pacific: Las Gatas (LG), in Zihuatanejo Guerrero Bay, and La Llave (LL), in Bahía de Los Angeles (Gulf of California). Methods. CAUs (Calcification/Accretion Units) were used to promote sclerobiont recruitment during two deployment times: 6 and 15 months. Results. The calcification rate was high at six months and then decreased due to rapid colonization and initial growth, followed by a decrease over time. Sclerobionts deposited 1.2 ± 0.4 kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1 in LG, which represents 7% of the production of branching corals in the Mexican South Pacific (17.2 kg m-2 yr-1), while in LL, they deposited 2.1 ± 0.7 kg CaCO3 m-2 yr-1; equivalent to 20% of the production of massive corals in the area (10.1 kg m-2 yr-1). The groups that deposited most CaCO3were mollusks and bryozoans in LG (up to 0.65 ± 0.16 kg m-2 yr-1) and barnacles in LL (up to 2.32 ± 0.35 kg m-2 yr-1). Conclusions. These results highlight the role of heterotrophs as secondary calcifiers both in LG, a site impacted by anthropogenic activity, and in LL, an area with low anthropogenic impact but high biological productivity associated with upwellings. This finding implies that the environmental conditions at the study sites limit the calcification of primary calcifiers (i.e., corals and CCA) but promote that of secondary calcifiers, with potential geomorphic repercussions","PeriodicalId":50407,"journal":{"name":"Hidrobiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.24275/uam/izt/dcbs/hidro/2023v33n1/beltran
Omar Beltrán-Vinalay
{"title":"Anatomy of the oropharyngeal cavity of the “crevalle jack”, Caranx hippos (Linnaeus, 1766) (Teleostei: Carangidae).","authors":"Omar Beltrán-Vinalay","doi":"10.24275/uam/izt/dcbs/hidro/2023v33n1/beltran","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24275/uam/izt/dcbs/hidro/2023v33n1/beltran","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50407,"journal":{"name":"Hidrobiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47628011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：