D. Cicuzza, Danielle sombra Stäheli, R. Nyffeler, U. Eggli
Abstract: Morphological and anatomical plant traits provide important characters for plant identification, and provide vital information to support classification systems based on molecular phylogenetic studies. The tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae: Asteroideae) has recently been reclassified as a result of molecular phylogenetic investigations, and species with succulent leaves have been identified in several different clades of the tribe. We study the leaf morphology and anatomy of 20 selected species of Senecio s.l., embracing representatives of all distinct groups of leaf succulents in Senecioneae, and contrast the results with a molecular phylogeny derived from ITS sequence data. The leaves of the studied species vary as to their gross appearance (flat to terete, horizontally or seemingly vertically oriented, with or without ‘window’ areas) as well as with respect to their macro-anatomy (tissue succulence vs. all-cell succulence). The morphological and anatomical characterizations of identified groups correlate well with the clades found in the ITS-based molecular phylogenetic studies, and the reclassification of succulent-leaved species of Senecio s.l. into the segregate genera Caputia, Kleinia and Curio is strongly supported. Leaf characters provide easy-to-observe diagnostic characters to recognize the three genera.
{"title":"Morphology and Anatomy Support a Reclassification of the African Succulent Taxa of Senecio S.L. (Asteraceae: Senecioneae)","authors":"D. Cicuzza, Danielle sombra Stäheli, R. Nyffeler, U. Eggli","doi":"10.2985/026.023.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2985/026.023.0103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000 Morphological and anatomical plant traits provide important characters for plant identification, and provide vital information to support classification systems based on molecular phylogenetic studies. The tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae: Asteroideae) has recently been reclassified as a result of molecular phylogenetic investigations, and species with succulent leaves have been identified in several different clades of the tribe. We study the leaf morphology and anatomy of 20 selected species of Senecio s.l., embracing representatives of all distinct groups of leaf succulents in Senecioneae, and contrast the results with a molecular phylogeny derived from ITS sequence data. The leaves of the studied species vary as to their gross appearance (flat to terete, horizontally or seemingly vertically oriented, with or without ‘window’ areas) as well as with respect to their macro-anatomy (tissue succulence vs. all-cell succulence). The morphological and anatomical characterizations of identified groups correlate well with the clades found in the ITS-based molecular phylogenetic studies, and the reclassification of succulent-leaved species of Senecio s.l. into the segregate genera Caputia, Kleinia and Curio is strongly supported. Leaf characters provide easy-to-observe diagnostic characters to recognize the three genera.","PeriodicalId":50413,"journal":{"name":"Haseltonia","volume":"347 1","pages":"11 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76390160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Taxonomically, Kalanchoe paniculata Harv. has in the past been confused with K. brachyloba Welw. ex Britten. We clarify the application of the name K. paniculata, illustrate the species, amplify its description, and provide information on its taxonomic history, biology, uses, and distribution.
{"title":"The Identity of Kalanchoe paniculata Harv. (Crassulaceae), a Common Species in Southeastern and South-Tropical Africa","authors":"Gideon F. Smith, E. Figueiredo","doi":"10.2985/026.023.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2985/026.023.0110","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000 Taxonomically, Kalanchoe paniculata Harv. has in the past been confused with K. brachyloba Welw. ex Britten. We clarify the application of the name K. paniculata, illustrate the species, amplify its description, and provide information on its taxonomic history, biology, uses, and distribution.","PeriodicalId":50413,"journal":{"name":"Haseltonia","volume":"1 1","pages":"72 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84313100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Bulbine dewetii (Asphodelaceae) is named; it is an obligatory geophytic cremnophyte from the sheer rock faces of the lower southern slopes of the Heks River Mountains (Western Cape, South Africa). Bulbine dewetii usually grows solitary (rarely proliferating and forming small groups) with soft pendent leaves, flowering during the month of November (late spring, S. Hemisphere), the flowers open during the afternoon and remain open during the night. The description of this taxon forms part of an extensive survey of cliff-dwelling succulent and bulbous-succulent taxa in South Africa and Namibia.
{"title":"Bulbine dewetii, a New Cliff-Dwelling Bulbine Species (Asphodelaceae) from the Western Cape","authors":"E. Jaarsveld","doi":"10.2985/026.023.0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2985/026.023.0108","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000 Bulbine dewetii (Asphodelaceae) is named; it is an obligatory geophytic cremnophyte from the sheer rock faces of the lower southern slopes of the Heks River Mountains (Western Cape, South Africa). Bulbine dewetii usually grows solitary (rarely proliferating and forming small groups) with soft pendent leaves, flowering during the month of November (late spring, S. Hemisphere), the flowers open during the afternoon and remain open during the night. The description of this taxon forms part of an extensive survey of cliff-dwelling succulent and bulbous-succulent taxa in South Africa and Namibia.","PeriodicalId":50413,"journal":{"name":"Haseltonia","volume":"352 1","pages":"53 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76585344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Nomenclatural proliferation is defined and characterized as a phenomenon of explosive increase in the number of names within a taxon. The monophyletic genus Grusonia illustrates how the instability in the generic concept for this group of species has produced a disproportionate increase in names. This large increase in the number of names is due mainly to treatments presenting new combinations at the generic level without any significant reduction in the number of species through synonymy, and shows the uncoupling of the generation of new names from the publication of new species. Three historical nomenclatural phases in Grusonia are identified showing that the majority of the new names were proposed before any molecular phylogenetic reconstruction had an impact on the systematics of the group. However, molecular systematics has played an important role for the delimitation of a monophyletic genus. The lack of a solid phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships was one factor that promoted the superabundance of homotypic synonyms for these 17 species of North American grusonioids. In the face of this phenomenon, which we refer to as nomenclatural proliferation, the subgeneric categories in the subfamily Opuntioideae are historically devalued.
{"title":"Nomenclatural Proliferation and the Superabundance of Homotypic Synonyms in Grusonia (Opuntioideae, Cactaceae)","authors":"R. Bárcenas, J. Hawkins","doi":"10.2985/026.023.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2985/026.023.0104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000 Nomenclatural proliferation is defined and characterized as a phenomenon of explosive increase in the number of names within a taxon. The monophyletic genus Grusonia illustrates how the instability in the generic concept for this group of species has produced a disproportionate increase in names. This large increase in the number of names is due mainly to treatments presenting new combinations at the generic level without any significant reduction in the number of species through synonymy, and shows the uncoupling of the generation of new names from the publication of new species. Three historical nomenclatural phases in Grusonia are identified showing that the majority of the new names were proposed before any molecular phylogenetic reconstruction had an impact on the systematics of the group. However, molecular systematics has played an important role for the delimitation of a monophyletic genus. The lack of a solid phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships was one factor that promoted the superabundance of homotypic synonyms for these 17 species of North American grusonioids. In the face of this phenomenon, which we refer to as nomenclatural proliferation, the subgeneric categories in the subfamily Opuntioideae are historically devalued.","PeriodicalId":50413,"journal":{"name":"Haseltonia","volume":"10 1","pages":"27 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82213545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: There are nine species of Nopalea and the most widely distributed is N. cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck. This species and its wild congeners inhabit dry and subhumid tropical and subtropical regions in western and eastern Mexico down to Panama. In Mexico, its tender, young cladodes (known locally as nopalitos) and flower buds (tunitas) are eaten as vegetables, its developed cladodes are used as forage in different parts of the world, and the plants are used as living fences and also as ornamentals. The fruits of N. cochenillifera have received little attention in the specialized literature; therefore, the purpose of this note is to describe a set of fruits that was bought in a traditional market in San Luis Potosí, México. The fruits of N. cochenillifera were, on average, two centimeters shorter than those reported in the literature; by weight, the pulp accounted for 45.70 % on average, the peel 48.07 % and the seeds 6.23 %. Mean sweetness was 10.62 oBrix, somewhat lower than that of Opuntia cultivars, which is 12.95. Due to the lack of abortive seeds, we infer that the fruit of Nopalea have been of little interest to humans.
摘要Nopalea共有9种，分布最广的是N. cochenillifera (L.)Salm-Dyck。这个物种和它的野生同系物居住在墨西哥西部和东部到巴拿马的干燥和半湿润的热带和亚热带地区。在墨西哥，其幼嫩的枝状花序(当地称为nopalitos)和花蕾(tunitas)被当作蔬菜食用，其发达的枝状花序在世界各地被用作饲料，这些植物被用作活栅栏，也被用作观赏植物。cochenillifera的果实在专门文献中很少受到关注;因此，本说明的目的是描述在圣路易斯的一个传统市场上购买的一套水果Potosí， m xico。cochenillifera的果实平均比文献报道的短2厘米;按重量计，果肉平均占45.70%，果皮平均占48.07%，种子平均占6.23%。平均甜度为10.62 oBrix，略低于Opuntia品种的12.95 oBrix。由于缺乏流产的种子，我们推断Nopalea的果实对人类的兴趣不大。
{"title":"Description of the Fruit of Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck Sold in the Traditional Market of Rioverde, San Luis Potosí, Mexico","authors":"J. A. Reyes-Agüero, J. R. Aguirre-Rivera","doi":"10.2985/026.022.0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2985/026.022.0108","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: There are nine species of Nopalea and the most widely distributed is N. cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck. This species and its wild congeners inhabit dry and subhumid tropical and subtropical regions in western and eastern Mexico down to Panama. In Mexico, its tender, young cladodes (known locally as nopalitos) and flower buds (tunitas) are eaten as vegetables, its developed cladodes are used as forage in different parts of the world, and the plants are used as living fences and also as ornamentals. The fruits of N. cochenillifera have received little attention in the specialized literature; therefore, the purpose of this note is to describe a set of fruits that was bought in a traditional market in San Luis Potosí, México. The fruits of N. cochenillifera were, on average, two centimeters shorter than those reported in the literature; by weight, the pulp accounted for 45.70 % on average, the peel 48.07 % and the seeds 6.23 %. Mean sweetness was 10.62 oBrix, somewhat lower than that of Opuntia cultivars, which is 12.95. Due to the lack of abortive seeds, we infer that the fruit of Nopalea have been of little interest to humans.","PeriodicalId":50413,"journal":{"name":"Haseltonia","volume":"68 1","pages":"43 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84096919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Opuntia Ser. Chacopuntiae Oakley & R. Kiesling nov. ser., a new series of the genus Opuntia Mill. (Opuntieae, Opuntioideae, Cactaceae) from austral South America (Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay) is described here. The type species is Opuntia quimilo K. Schum. The relation with another Opuntia s. str. species and another genus of the Opuntioideae it is mentioned.
摘要:Opuntia Ser。Chacopuntiae Oakley & R. Kiesling十一月。，一种新系列的圆果属植物。(机会亚科，机会亚科，仙人掌亚科)来自南美洲南部(阿根廷，玻利维亚和巴拉圭)。模式种为Opuntia quimilo K. Schum。文中还提到了与另一种机会蛛属和另一种机会蛛科的关系。
{"title":"A New Series of the Genus Opuntia Mill. (Opuntieae, Opuntioideae, Cactaceae) from Austral South America","authors":"L. Oakley, R. Kiesling","doi":"10.2985/026.022.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2985/026.022.0105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000 Opuntia Ser. Chacopuntiae Oakley & R. Kiesling nov. ser., a new series of the genus Opuntia Mill. (Opuntieae, Opuntioideae, Cactaceae) from austral South America (Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay) is described here. The type species is Opuntia quimilo K. Schum. The relation with another Opuntia s. str. species and another genus of the Opuntioideae it is mentioned.","PeriodicalId":50413,"journal":{"name":"Haseltonia","volume":"22 1","pages":"22 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73752578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Plants have evolved an internal body clock — the circadian system — that allows the optimization of behavior during the day by anticipating regular environmental change. This timing mechanism also serves as an internal reference to control flowering time. One observable consequence of the circadian system is the rhythmic regulation of processes that underlie photosynthesis, which persists after plants are transferred to constant conditions. Many cacti and succulents use Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) as a modification of the predominant C3 method of photosynthesis to limit water loss. CAM allows the temporal separation of carbon capture from the atmosphere and the Calvin-Benson cycle, and so separates stomatal opening from some of the biochemical aspects of photosynthesis. Here we document the diversity of circadian rhythms in several Kalanchoe species and reveal differences in the period, phase and amplitude of circadian outputs derived from regulation of the photosynthetic apparatus.
{"title":"Natural Variation of Circadian Rhythms in Kalanchoe Species","authors":"Kathryn Rebecca Malpas, M. Jones","doi":"10.2985/026.022.0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2985/026.022.0107","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000 Plants have evolved an internal body clock — the circadian system — that allows the optimization of behavior during the day by anticipating regular environmental change. This timing mechanism also serves as an internal reference to control flowering time. One observable consequence of the circadian system is the rhythmic regulation of processes that underlie photosynthesis, which persists after plants are transferred to constant conditions. Many cacti and succulents use Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) as a modification of the predominant C3 method of photosynthesis to limit water loss. CAM allows the temporal separation of carbon capture from the atmosphere and the Calvin-Benson cycle, and so separates stomatal opening from some of the biochemical aspects of photosynthesis. Here we document the diversity of circadian rhythms in several Kalanchoe species and reveal differences in the period, phase and amplitude of circadian outputs derived from regulation of the photosynthetic apparatus.","PeriodicalId":50413,"journal":{"name":"Haseltonia","volume":"1 1","pages":"35 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90168636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The correct orthography of the specific epithet commemorating Hermann Sello in the genus Furcraea Vent. is discussed and clarified. It is shown that the epithet to be used is ‘selloana’, not ‘selloa’, nor ‘selloi’, yielding the species name Furcraea selloana K.Koch for this horticulturally popular New World member of the Asparagaceae subfam. Agavoideae / Agavaceae.
{"title":"Furcraea selloana K.Koch is the Correct Orthography of the Species Name that Commemorates Hermann Sello in Furcraea Vent. (Asparagaceae subfam. Agavoideae / Agavaceae)","authors":"E. Figueiredo, Gideon F. Smith","doi":"10.2985/026.022.0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2985/026.022.0106","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000 The correct orthography of the specific epithet commemorating Hermann Sello in the genus Furcraea Vent. is discussed and clarified. It is shown that the epithet to be used is ‘selloana’, not ‘selloa’, nor ‘selloi’, yielding the species name Furcraea selloana K.Koch for this horticulturally popular New World member of the Asparagaceae subfam. Agavoideae / Agavaceae.","PeriodicalId":50413,"journal":{"name":"Haseltonia","volume":"19 1","pages":"31 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73366726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. D. Fotinos, Teodoro Clase, A. Veloz, F. Jiménez, M. Griffith, E. Wettberg
Here we present a method which combines bypassing the mucilage content of cacti by using dissected epidermis with a semi-automated kit with high quality results. This method is suitable for automation, provides yields sufficient for next-generation sequencing applications such as RAD-seq or whole genome resequencing, and can be implemented with minimal damage to rare or threatened taxa. This method complements methods such as DNA extraction from spines, which yields lower quality DNA suitable for microsatellite analysis and sequencing of high-copy number loci but not suitable for genomic approaches, and extractions from roots, which avoids mucilage and gives high quality DNA but is more destructive. METHOD
{"title":"A Minimally Invasive, Automated Procedure for DNA Extraction from Epidermal Peels of Succulent Cacti (Cactaceae)","authors":"T. D. Fotinos, Teodoro Clase, A. Veloz, F. Jiménez, M. Griffith, E. Wettberg","doi":"10.2985/026.022.0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2985/026.022.0109","url":null,"abstract":"Here we present a method which combines bypassing the mucilage content of cacti by using dissected epidermis with a semi-automated kit with high quality results. This method is suitable for automation, provides yields sufficient for next-generation sequencing applications such as RAD-seq or whole genome resequencing, and can be implemented with minimal damage to rare or threatened taxa. This method complements methods such as DNA extraction from spines, which yields lower quality DNA suitable for microsatellite analysis and sequencing of high-copy number loci but not suitable for genomic approaches, and extractions from roots, which avoids mucilage and gives high quality DNA but is more destructive. METHOD","PeriodicalId":50413,"journal":{"name":"Haseltonia","volume":"58 1","pages":"46 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82546184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Kalanchoe montana Compton was regarded as a subspecies of Kalanchoe luciae Raym.-Hamet, as K. luciae subsp. montana (Compton) Toelken, in the Flora of Southern Africa treatment of the family Crassulaceae. We here reinstate K. montana Compton at species rank. Descriptions are provided for K. luciae and K. montana, and characters distinguishing them noted and illustrated. Geographical distribution maps are provided for both species in southern Africa. A lectotype is designated for K. montana.
{"title":"Reinstatement of Kalanchoe montana Compton (Crassulaceae), a Distinctive Species from the Barberton Center of Endemism, Eastern Southern Africa","authors":"Gideon F. Smith, N. Crouch, E. Figueiredo","doi":"10.2985/026.022.0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2985/026.022.0112","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Kalanchoe montana Compton was regarded as a subspecies of Kalanchoe luciae Raym.-Hamet, as K. luciae subsp. montana (Compton) Toelken, in the Flora of Southern Africa treatment of the family Crassulaceae. We here reinstate K. montana Compton at species rank. Descriptions are provided for K. luciae and K. montana, and characters distinguishing them noted and illustrated. Geographical distribution maps are provided for both species in southern Africa. A lectotype is designated for K. montana.","PeriodicalId":50413,"journal":{"name":"Haseltonia","volume":"17 13 1","pages":"64 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90471935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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