A new Cotyledon is described from the Tanqua Karoo in the Western Cape. Cotyledon tanquana is a distinct succulent shrublet from the lower eastern slopes of the Cedarberg Mountains and rocky terrain in the Succulent Karoo. It differs from Cotyledon orbiculata var. orbiculata by its distinctly cuneiform glandular hairy dull-green leaves and short dull-reddish corolla tube 15–17 × 5–8 mm bearing horizontally spreading transversely oblong yellowish squamae 2 × 1 mm, truncate at the apex.
{"title":"Cotyledon tanquana, a New Species from the Tanqua Karoo Region, Western Cape, South Africa","authors":"Van Jaarsveld, J. Ernst","doi":"10.2985/026.026.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2985/026.026.0101","url":null,"abstract":"A new Cotyledon is described from the Tanqua Karoo in the Western Cape. Cotyledon tanquana is a distinct succulent shrublet from the lower eastern slopes of the Cedarberg Mountains and rocky terrain in the Succulent Karoo. It differs from Cotyledon orbiculata var. orbiculata by its distinctly cuneiform glandular hairy dull-green leaves and short dull-reddish corolla tube 15–17 × 5–8 mm bearing horizontally spreading transversely oblong yellowish squamae 2 × 1 mm, truncate at the apex.","PeriodicalId":50413,"journal":{"name":"Haseltonia","volume":"21 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75271281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: While working on the cytogenetics of a range of alooids (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae) in Lisbon, Portugal, Flávio Resende described several new formae in species of rambling aloe, a group that at the time was interpreted as section Macrifoliae Haw. in Aloe L. This group is nowadays accorded genus rank, as Aloiampelos Klopper & Gideon F.Sm. One of the formae described by Resende, Aloe ciliaris Haw. f. gigas Resende, a pentaploid, is a hybrid between the hexaploid Aloiampelos ciliaris (Haw.) Klopper & Gideon F.Sm. var. ciliaris and the tetraploid A. ciliaris var. redacta (S.Carter) Klopper & Gideon F.Sm. Aloe ciliaris f. gigas is here raised to the rank of nothovariety, as Aloiampelos ciliaris nothovar. gigas (Resende) Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo. We neotypify the replaced synonym, Aloe ciliaris f. gigas.
{"title":"Aloiampelos ciliaris nothovar. gigas (Asphodelaceae Subfam. Alooideae), a New Status for Aloe ciliaris f. gigas","authors":"Gideon F. Smith, E. Figueiredo","doi":"10.2985/026.026.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2985/026.026.0105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: While working on the cytogenetics of a range of alooids (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae) in Lisbon, Portugal, Flávio Resende described several new formae in species of rambling aloe, a group that at the time was interpreted as section Macrifoliae Haw. in Aloe L. This group is nowadays accorded genus rank, as Aloiampelos Klopper & Gideon F.Sm. One of the formae described by Resende, Aloe ciliaris Haw. f. gigas Resende, a pentaploid, is a hybrid between the hexaploid Aloiampelos ciliaris (Haw.) Klopper & Gideon F.Sm. var. ciliaris and the tetraploid A. ciliaris var. redacta (S.Carter) Klopper & Gideon F.Sm. Aloe ciliaris f. gigas is here raised to the rank of nothovariety, as Aloiampelos ciliaris nothovar. gigas (Resende) Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo. We neotypify the replaced synonym, Aloe ciliaris f. gigas.","PeriodicalId":50413,"journal":{"name":"Haseltonia","volume":"1 1","pages":"36 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88130505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Espostoa (Vatricania) guentheri is a peculiar putative Espostoa, having some traits in common with Espostoa sensu stricto (cephalia in which many or most epidermal cells produces a spine, bristle, or trichome), some traits in common with Thrixanthocereus (cephalia with bristles instead of hairs; patches of epidermal cells in the cephalium that lack spines, bristles, hairs or trichomes), and some unique traits (gradual transition to cephalium formation; disjunct habitat). Gradual cephalium formation in E. guentheri is common, but not universal, which might be either because Vatricania is not closely related to Espostoa or that Vatricania is of hybrid origin. E. guentheri may have a pseudocephalium, rather than a true cephalium, with the reproductive part of shoots in subgenus Vatricania being morphologically intermediate between those of subgenus Espostoa and subgenus Thrixanthocereus.
摘要:Vatricania guentheri是一种特殊的被推测的Espostoa，具有与Espostoa sensu stricto(其许多或大部分表皮细胞产生棘、刚毛或毛状体的头类动物)和Thrixanthocereus(其头类动物有刚毛而不是毛;脑膜上的表皮细胞斑块，没有刺、刚毛、毛发或毛状体)，以及一些独特的特征(逐渐过渡到脑膜形成;分离的栖息地)。在E. guentheri中逐渐形成头孢是常见的，但不是普遍的，这可能是因为Vatricania与Espostoa关系不密切，或者Vatricania是杂交起源。E. guentheri可能有假头，而不是真头，Vatricania亚属的芽的生殖部分在形态上介于Espostoa亚属和Thrixanthocereus亚属之间。
{"title":"Espostoa (Vatricania) Guentheri have Unusual Cephalia or Pseudocephalia","authors":"Root Gorelick","doi":"10.2985/026.026.0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2985/026.026.0109","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Espostoa (Vatricania) guentheri is a peculiar putative Espostoa, having some traits in common with Espostoa sensu stricto (cephalia in which many or most epidermal cells produces a spine, bristle, or trichome), some traits in common with Thrixanthocereus (cephalia with bristles instead of hairs; patches of epidermal cells in the cephalium that lack spines, bristles, hairs or trichomes), and some unique traits (gradual transition to cephalium formation; disjunct habitat). Gradual cephalium formation in E. guentheri is common, but not universal, which might be either because Vatricania is not closely related to Espostoa or that Vatricania is of hybrid origin. E. guentheri may have a pseudocephalium, rather than a true cephalium, with the reproductive part of shoots in subgenus Vatricania being morphologically intermediate between those of subgenus Espostoa and subgenus Thrixanthocereus.","PeriodicalId":50413,"journal":{"name":"Haseltonia","volume":"56 1","pages":"58 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81554626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Recent field work in the Spanish province of Tarragona yielded new records for several interesting cacti (Cactaceae). New provincial records are presented for the following taxa (species preceded by an * have not been reported before from the autonomous region of Catalonia): Cylindropuntia pallida, *C. prolifera, *C. tunicata, Mortolopuntia schickendantzii, Opuntia aurantiaca, *O. dejecta, O. elata, O. elatior, O. engelmannii, O. leucotricha, O. lindheimeri var. linguiformis and Salmonopuntia salmiana. Several of these are potentially or genuinely invasive species. Invasive populations previously referred to Opuntia engelmannii are here ascribed to a form of O. phaeacantha. All species are illustrated.
{"title":"Further Records of Cacti (Cactaceae) from Tarragona Province (Catalonia), Spain","authors":"F. Verloove, A. Guiggi","doi":"10.2985/026.026.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2985/026.026.0104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Recent field work in the Spanish province of Tarragona yielded new records for several interesting cacti (Cactaceae). New provincial records are presented for the following taxa (species preceded by an * have not been reported before from the autonomous region of Catalonia): Cylindropuntia pallida, *C. prolifera, *C. tunicata, Mortolopuntia schickendantzii, Opuntia aurantiaca, *O. dejecta, O. elata, O. elatior, O. engelmannii, O. leucotricha, O. lindheimeri var. linguiformis and Salmonopuntia salmiana. Several of these are potentially or genuinely invasive species. Invasive populations previously referred to Opuntia engelmannii are here ascribed to a form of O. phaeacantha. All species are illustrated.","PeriodicalId":50413,"journal":{"name":"Haseltonia","volume":"69 1","pages":"23 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78668781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Bark coverage occurs on stems of more than twenty species of columnar cacti. This report documents characteristics of areoles and spines from central Mexico with bark coverage percentages on five columnar cactus species (Cephalocereus columna-trajani, Neobuxbaumia macrocephala, N. mezcalaensis, N. tetetzo, and Pachycereus hollianus). Older cacti (more than 4 m tall) had fewer original spines than younger cacti (less than 2 m tall). For cacti taller than 4 m, loss of the original spines was positively correlated with bark coverage. For three species, loss of the original spines occurred with about 75% for bark coverages. Four of the five species studied produced hair-like spines at areoles. Three of the five species produced emergent spines. Most emergent spines were associated with hair-like spines. The presence of hair-like and emergent spines (spines that emerged on mature cactus surfaces) was not well correlated with percentages of bark coverage. Hair-like spines have been noted previously, but no function has been attributed to them. This is the first report with a description of emergent spines on tall, long-lived columnar cactus species.
摘要:二十多种柱状仙人掌的茎上都有树皮覆盖。本文记录了墨西哥中部5种柱状仙人掌(Cephalocereus columna-trajani, Neobuxbaumia macrocephala, N. mezcalaensis, N. tetetzo和Pachycereus hollianus)的针孔和刺的特征和树皮覆盖率百分比。老的仙人掌(超过4米高)比年轻的仙人掌(不到2米高)有更少的原始刺。对于4 m以上的仙人掌，原始刺的损失与树皮盖度呈正相关。有三种树的树皮覆盖率在75%左右时失去了原有的棘刺。在被研究的5个物种中，有4个在微孔处长出了毛发状的刺。五个物种中有三个产生了突起的刺。大多数涌现出的刺与毛发状刺有关。毛状刺和突现刺(在成熟仙人掌表面出现的刺)的存在与树皮覆盖率的百分比没有很好的相关性。以前已经注意到毛发状的刺，但没有归因于它们的功能。这是第一份描述高大、长寿的柱状仙人掌物种上出现刺的报告。
{"title":"Areole Changes During Bark Formation for Columnar Cactus Species","authors":"L. Evans, Catherine A. McDonough","doi":"10.2985/026.026.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2985/026.026.0102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Bark coverage occurs on stems of more than twenty species of columnar cacti. This report documents characteristics of areoles and spines from central Mexico with bark coverage percentages on five columnar cactus species (Cephalocereus columna-trajani, Neobuxbaumia macrocephala, N. mezcalaensis, N. tetetzo, and Pachycereus hollianus). Older cacti (more than 4 m tall) had fewer original spines than younger cacti (less than 2 m tall). For cacti taller than 4 m, loss of the original spines was positively correlated with bark coverage. For three species, loss of the original spines occurred with about 75% for bark coverages. Four of the five species studied produced hair-like spines at areoles. Three of the five species produced emergent spines. Most emergent spines were associated with hair-like spines. The presence of hair-like and emergent spines (spines that emerged on mature cactus surfaces) was not well correlated with percentages of bark coverage. Hair-like spines have been noted previously, but no function has been attributed to them. This is the first report with a description of emergent spines on tall, long-lived columnar cactus species.","PeriodicalId":50413,"journal":{"name":"Haseltonia","volume":"15 1","pages":"13 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83047984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Several cacti with curved shoots had a tissue referred to here as reaction cortex. The curved shoots were at the bases of lateral branches that were initially not vertical but which became vertical as they grew, or in areas where a shoot had tilted and then its tip became reoriented upward. In these curved regions, cortex was much thicker on the convex (outer) side of the curve as compared to the concave (inner) side. Reaction cortex was located within the thick convex area; it was recognizable as having a much firmer texture than surrounding cortex, and as being more translucent or pale/whitish. Cells of reaction cortex were distinguishable as being larger, more rounded and with smoother walls than other cortex cells. Curved regions contained only a small amount of wood, but that wood was distinctly thicker on the convex side rather than on the upper concave side as would be expected of tension wood typical of eudicots. Reaction cortex was found in various species of Cleistocactus, Echinopsis, and Haageocereus among others, all members of Core Cactoideae II.
{"title":"Some Cacti Produce “Reactioncortex” Rather than Reaction Wood in Curved Sections of Weight-Stressed Shoots","authors":"J. Mauseth","doi":"10.2985/026.026.0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2985/026.026.0112","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Several cacti with curved shoots had a tissue referred to here as reaction cortex. The curved shoots were at the bases of lateral branches that were initially not vertical but which became vertical as they grew, or in areas where a shoot had tilted and then its tip became reoriented upward. In these curved regions, cortex was much thicker on the convex (outer) side of the curve as compared to the concave (inner) side. Reaction cortex was located within the thick convex area; it was recognizable as having a much firmer texture than surrounding cortex, and as being more translucent or pale/whitish. Cells of reaction cortex were distinguishable as being larger, more rounded and with smoother walls than other cortex cells. Curved regions contained only a small amount of wood, but that wood was distinctly thicker on the convex side rather than on the upper concave side as would be expected of tension wood typical of eudicots. Reaction cortex was found in various species of Cleistocactus, Echinopsis, and Haageocereus among others, all members of Core Cactoideae II.","PeriodicalId":50413,"journal":{"name":"Haseltonia","volume":"5 5 1","pages":"86 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84351123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Botanical surveys undertaken in Central and Northern Tunisia (North Africa), mostly between 2012 and 2018, have revealed 12 non-native succulent (sensu lato) taxa that had not been reported before, either from the whole Mediterranean area, or from North Africa and Tunisia. The new taxa here reported belong to Aizoaceae, Basellaceae, Crassulaceae and Euphorbiaceae. Some can be considered naturalized or even potentially invasive in North Africa (e.g. Aptenia cordifolia (L.f.) Schwantes), whereas others are here reported for the first time from the Mediterranean area, e.g.: Carpobrotus dimidiatus (Harv.) L.Bolus and Volkeranthus aitonis (Jacquin) Gerbaulet. Some general information for each of these taxa is given, including data on their actual distribution and invasion status worldwide. Some field photographs are moreover provided.
{"title":"New Succulents for the Tunisian and North African Alien Flora","authors":"R. Mokni, A. Elaissi, F. Verloove","doi":"10.2985/026.026.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2985/026.026.0110","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Botanical surveys undertaken in Central and Northern Tunisia (North Africa), mostly between 2012 and 2018, have revealed 12 non-native succulent (sensu lato) taxa that had not been reported before, either from the whole Mediterranean area, or from North Africa and Tunisia. The new taxa here reported belong to Aizoaceae, Basellaceae, Crassulaceae and Euphorbiaceae. Some can be considered naturalized or even potentially invasive in North Africa (e.g. Aptenia cordifolia (L.f.) Schwantes), whereas others are here reported for the first time from the Mediterranean area, e.g.: Carpobrotus dimidiatus (Harv.) L.Bolus and Volkeranthus aitonis (Jacquin) Gerbaulet. Some general information for each of these taxa is given, including data on their actual distribution and invasion status worldwide. Some field photographs are moreover provided.","PeriodicalId":50413,"journal":{"name":"Haseltonia","volume":"71 1","pages":"68 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82123837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Dry forests are home to an important diversity of cactus species. In the Americas, these forests are under an increasing pressure due to a growing demand for land to produce pastures for cattle; in addition, the use of herbicides to control shrub encroachment is increasing. As a scientific collaborator of the Environmental Police of Córdoba province, Argentina, I had the opportunity to visit five cattle ranches where herbicides were illegally applied. The product used is Pastar, produced by Dow Agrochemical, and is composed of two hormonal herbicides, aminopyralid and fluroxypyr. Since all ranch owners are in legal dispute with the government, it was not possible to conduct a quantitative research. Therefore, I recorded all cactus species present and their sanitary conditions. A total of nine cactus species were recorded. In general, all species presented low abundance in comparison to the preserved forest, indicating that mechanical control of shrubs (using tractors) had already had a negative effect on species. Moreover, some common species in these forests, such as Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Echinopsis leucantha, were not recorded. For most cactus species, the herbicide would have minimal or no effect, since individuals were found alive and in good sanitary conditions. In a few individuals of Cereus forbesii and C. aethiops, the end of the stems was damaged. Some individuals of Stetsonia coryne and Cereus forbesii were found dead, but it is not clear whether the herbicide was the cause. Since pressure for more pastures for cattle is increasing worldwide, more studies on the effect of land use changes and the use of chemical products on cactus species in dry forests of the Americas are needed.
{"title":"The Use of Herbicides in South American Dry Forests to Control Shrub Encroachment: a New Threat to Cactus Species? A First Assessment","authors":"D. Gurvich","doi":"10.2985/026.026.0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2985/026.026.0106","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Dry forests are home to an important diversity of cactus species. In the Americas, these forests are under an increasing pressure due to a growing demand for land to produce pastures for cattle; in addition, the use of herbicides to control shrub encroachment is increasing. As a scientific collaborator of the Environmental Police of Córdoba province, Argentina, I had the opportunity to visit five cattle ranches where herbicides were illegally applied. The product used is Pastar, produced by Dow Agrochemical, and is composed of two hormonal herbicides, aminopyralid and fluroxypyr. Since all ranch owners are in legal dispute with the government, it was not possible to conduct a quantitative research. Therefore, I recorded all cactus species present and their sanitary conditions. A total of nine cactus species were recorded. In general, all species presented low abundance in comparison to the preserved forest, indicating that mechanical control of shrubs (using tractors) had already had a negative effect on species. Moreover, some common species in these forests, such as Gymnocalycium schickendantzii and Echinopsis leucantha, were not recorded. For most cactus species, the herbicide would have minimal or no effect, since individuals were found alive and in good sanitary conditions. In a few individuals of Cereus forbesii and C. aethiops, the end of the stems was damaged. Some individuals of Stetsonia coryne and Cereus forbesii were found dead, but it is not clear whether the herbicide was the cause. Since pressure for more pastures for cattle is increasing worldwide, more studies on the effect of land use changes and the use of chemical products on cactus species in dry forests of the Americas are needed.","PeriodicalId":50413,"journal":{"name":"Haseltonia","volume":"27 1","pages":"39 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82513536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Five exsiccata relating to three taxa of Costa Rican epiphytic cacti collected by W.C. Wercklé deposited at HMGBH and at NY preserved from the original material sent to Berger at La Mortola are studied, illustrated and compared with the descriptions included in literature. The isotype of Rhipsalis wercklei A.Berger [= Rhipsalis micrantha (Kunth) DC.] discovered at HMGBH is designated here with the determination of the identity of Rhipsalis frondosa Wercklé nom. nud. [= Pseudorhipsalis acuminata Cufod.] and Rhipsalis costaricensis Britton nom. prov. [= Pseudorhipsalis himantoclada (Rol.-Goss.) Britton & Rose].
{"title":"W. C. Wercklé Exsiccata Collection (Cactaceae) in Herbarium Mortolensis (HMGBH): Study and Revision","authors":"A. Guiggi, M. Mariotti","doi":"10.2985/026.025.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2985/026.025.0102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Five exsiccata relating to three taxa of Costa Rican epiphytic cacti collected by W.C. Wercklé deposited at HMGBH and at NY preserved from the original material sent to Berger at La Mortola are studied, illustrated and compared with the descriptions included in literature. The isotype of Rhipsalis wercklei A.Berger [= Rhipsalis micrantha (Kunth) DC.] discovered at HMGBH is designated here with the determination of the identity of Rhipsalis frondosa Wercklé nom. nud. [= Pseudorhipsalis acuminata Cufod.] and Rhipsalis costaricensis Britton nom. prov. [= Pseudorhipsalis himantoclada (Rol.-Goss.) Britton & Rose].","PeriodicalId":50413,"journal":{"name":"Haseltonia","volume":"41 1","pages":"2 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85345592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Florivory reduces pollinator visits and plant fitness due to the elimination of gametes and floral reproductive organs. Longevity and floral synchrony favors escape from florivores and increases resources for pollinators. We study the effects of natural and experimental florivory and if synchrony can diminish it. We determined the floral longevity and phenology of a living rock cactus population in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Open flowers were counted to estimate floral synchrony using the Marquis index. Floral longevity was established (n = 21 flowers). Florivory frequency was recorded indicating the phase of the damaged flower (floral bud, open or closed flower) and the structure (perianth, stigma and anthers) of which some percentage of tissue was removed (25, 50 and 100%) (284 flowers and 150 floral buds; 245 individuals). Flowers with natural damage to reproductive organs and gametes were quantified to determine the direct effect of florivory. Variations in the frequency of pollinators were evaluated with a paired experiment of artificial florivory: whole flower (control) and flower with removal of 50% of the perianth; taxonomic group of pollinators and florivores was recorded and the activity they carried out. Floral longevity varies from one to three days. Flowering is synchronous (S = 0.53 ± 0.09). In the population, 10.2% of the flowers and 2.6% of the floral buds presented florivory, the perianth of the flowers is the most predated. Artificial florivory does not reduce the frequency of pollinators; we argue that visitors do not discriminate between damaged and intact flowers. Florivory does not limit the masculine function because pollen search is the main activity. A total of 2% of the structures were partially (stigma) or totally consumed by Coleoptera (Cryptorhynchinae) and Lepidoptera, reducing the fruit-set due to the death of the flower.
{"title":"Florivory Effects on Pollinator Preference and The Reproductive Output of A Threatened Living Rock Cactus, Ariocarpus retusus (Cactaceae)","authors":"D. Cárdenas-Ramos, M. Mandujano","doi":"10.2985/026.025.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2985/026.025.0101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Florivory reduces pollinator visits and plant fitness due to the elimination of gametes and floral reproductive organs. Longevity and floral synchrony favors escape from florivores and increases resources for pollinators. We study the effects of natural and experimental florivory and if synchrony can diminish it. We determined the floral longevity and phenology of a living rock cactus population in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Open flowers were counted to estimate floral synchrony using the Marquis index. Floral longevity was established (n = 21 flowers). Florivory frequency was recorded indicating the phase of the damaged flower (floral bud, open or closed flower) and the structure (perianth, stigma and anthers) of which some percentage of tissue was removed (25, 50 and 100%) (284 flowers and 150 floral buds; 245 individuals). Flowers with natural damage to reproductive organs and gametes were quantified to determine the direct effect of florivory. Variations in the frequency of pollinators were evaluated with a paired experiment of artificial florivory: whole flower (control) and flower with removal of 50% of the perianth; taxonomic group of pollinators and florivores was recorded and the activity they carried out. Floral longevity varies from one to three days. Flowering is synchronous (S = 0.53 ± 0.09). In the population, 10.2% of the flowers and 2.6% of the floral buds presented florivory, the perianth of the flowers is the most predated. Artificial florivory does not reduce the frequency of pollinators; we argue that visitors do not discriminate between damaged and intact flowers. Florivory does not limit the masculine function because pollen search is the main activity. A total of 2% of the structures were partially (stigma) or totally consumed by Coleoptera (Cryptorhynchinae) and Lepidoptera, reducing the fruit-set due to the death of the flower.","PeriodicalId":50413,"journal":{"name":"Haseltonia","volume":"32 1","pages":"133 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85326017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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