Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2022.2130009
C. D’Apolito, Bianca Tacoronte Gomes, F. Leite, Silane Aparecida Ferreira Da Silva-Caminha
Abstract The legume genus Parkia R.Br. has a pantropical distribution and centre of diversity in the Amazon. The molecular phylogeny of the group indicates a Neotropical origin in the Amazon biome during the Miocene, and habitat reconstruction points to terra firme (unflooded) forests. We examined recently described fossil pollen from the Miocene Solimões Formation in western Brazilian Amazonia attributed to this genus. Aiming to establish an infra-generic affinity, comparisons were performed between fossil pollen of Parkiidites marileae Leite and pollen from extant Parkia species using morphological characters and multivariate analyses. Parkiidites marileae is characterised by large and globose polyads, the polyads are composed of 16 monads, and the monads have a verrucate ornamentation. Analyses suggest two well-defined groups, a non-NLR (nearest living relative) group composed of P. decussata, P. gigantocarpa, P. velutina, P. panurensis, P. platycephala, P. pendula, P. multijuga, and P. ulei; and a NLR group composed of P. cachimboensis, P. discolor, P. igneiflora, P. lutea, and P. nitida. All species of the NLR group belong to the same clade, with a molecular age estimated at ∼12.8 million years, which is virtually the same age as interpreted for the first occurrence of P. marileae in the Solimões Formation. The late Middle to Late Miocene in western Amazonia was a time of gradual change from vast wetlands to more river-dominated landscapes that favoured unflooded forests where Parkia diversified and is distributed today.
{"title":"Fossil Parkia R.Br. (Fabaceae) pollen from the Miocene of western Amazonia","authors":"C. D’Apolito, Bianca Tacoronte Gomes, F. Leite, Silane Aparecida Ferreira Da Silva-Caminha","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2022.2130009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2022.2130009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The legume genus Parkia R.Br. has a pantropical distribution and centre of diversity in the Amazon. The molecular phylogeny of the group indicates a Neotropical origin in the Amazon biome during the Miocene, and habitat reconstruction points to terra firme (unflooded) forests. We examined recently described fossil pollen from the Miocene Solimões Formation in western Brazilian Amazonia attributed to this genus. Aiming to establish an infra-generic affinity, comparisons were performed between fossil pollen of Parkiidites marileae Leite and pollen from extant Parkia species using morphological characters and multivariate analyses. Parkiidites marileae is characterised by large and globose polyads, the polyads are composed of 16 monads, and the monads have a verrucate ornamentation. Analyses suggest two well-defined groups, a non-NLR (nearest living relative) group composed of P. decussata, P. gigantocarpa, P. velutina, P. panurensis, P. platycephala, P. pendula, P. multijuga, and P. ulei; and a NLR group composed of P. cachimboensis, P. discolor, P. igneiflora, P. lutea, and P. nitida. All species of the NLR group belong to the same clade, with a molecular age estimated at ∼12.8 million years, which is virtually the same age as interpreted for the first occurrence of P. marileae in the Solimões Formation. The late Middle to Late Miocene in western Amazonia was a time of gradual change from vast wetlands to more river-dominated landscapes that favoured unflooded forests where Parkia diversified and is distributed today.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":"61 1","pages":"401 - 420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42697394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2022.2127328
P. Zou, M. Newman, J. Liao
Abstract The pollen morphology of 150 species representing 33 genera of Zingiberaceae was examined using light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as part of a comprehensive survey of this family. The pollen grains of the species studied are inaperturate, with a thin exine and thick intine, and with diverse ornamentation. This variation in the pollen suggests it may be a useful source of characters for future phylogenetic analyses based on combined datasets.
{"title":"Systematics of Zingiberaceae","authors":"P. Zou, M. Newman, J. Liao","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2022.2127328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2022.2127328","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The pollen morphology of 150 species representing 33 genera of Zingiberaceae was examined using light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as part of a comprehensive survey of this family. The pollen grains of the species studied are inaperturate, with a thin exine and thick intine, and with diverse ornamentation. This variation in the pollen suggests it may be a useful source of characters for future phylogenetic analyses based on combined datasets.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":"61 1","pages":"448 - 470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49660691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2022.2130011
Higor Antonio-Domingues, A. P. Fortuna-Perez, M. Rossi, A. Martinelli, G. Lewis, C. D. da Luz
Abstract Amicia is the least diverse genus of the Adesmia clade. It has a disjunct distribution with six endemic species restricted to the central Andes of South America and one species endemic to Mexico. The phylogeny and taxonomy of this genus have been extensively studied. Nevertheless, pollen data are still insufficiently known within a taxonomic context. In this study, we analysed all Amicia species using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy and we present phylogenetically useful palynological information to support taxonomic studies. Variation in pollen grain size and aperture features is used to delimit pollen types, which corroborate molecular and biogeographical data. Multivariate analysis reinforced the pollen type subdivisions and revealed novel diagnostic morphological features for two infrageneric taxa of Amicia. Our pollen results provide informative pollen characters to assist in the delimitation of Amicia species, which can be easily misidentified due to similarities in vegetative structures. Amicia pollen morphology reflects population isolation and divergence of Amicia lineages and provides critical features for future phylogenetic optimisation of the Adesmia clade.
{"title":"Palynology of Amicia Kunth. (Leguminosae – Papilionoideae – Dalbergieae – Informal Adesmia clade) set in a systematic and phylogenetic context","authors":"Higor Antonio-Domingues, A. P. Fortuna-Perez, M. Rossi, A. Martinelli, G. Lewis, C. D. da Luz","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2022.2130011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2022.2130011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Amicia is the least diverse genus of the Adesmia clade. It has a disjunct distribution with six endemic species restricted to the central Andes of South America and one species endemic to Mexico. The phylogeny and taxonomy of this genus have been extensively studied. Nevertheless, pollen data are still insufficiently known within a taxonomic context. In this study, we analysed all Amicia species using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy and we present phylogenetically useful palynological information to support taxonomic studies. Variation in pollen grain size and aperture features is used to delimit pollen types, which corroborate molecular and biogeographical data. Multivariate analysis reinforced the pollen type subdivisions and revealed novel diagnostic morphological features for two infrageneric taxa of Amicia. Our pollen results provide informative pollen characters to assist in the delimitation of Amicia species, which can be easily misidentified due to similarities in vegetative structures. Amicia pollen morphology reflects population isolation and divergence of Amicia lineages and provides critical features for future phylogenetic optimisation of the Adesmia clade.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":"61 1","pages":"421 - 435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49343687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2022.2126726
Rayan Bahloul, Salim Zerrouk, R. Chaibi
Abstract A microscopic analysis of 41 samples of honey obtained from several locations in the Laghouat region revealed the presence of 98 pollen types belonging to 48 families. Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Nitrariaceae were present in all the samples. Brassicaceae, Rhamnaceae and Apiaceae were identified in more than 80% of the samples. The families with highest diversity of pollen types were Fabaceae and Asteraceae with 13 and 11 types, respectively, Apiaceae and Boraginaceae with five types each. Twenty-seven honey samples (65.85%) were found to be monofloral and the remaining 14 polyfloral. The pollen types from Ziziphus lotus, Peganum harmala, Echium sp., Tamarix sp., Lotus, Eucalyptus sp., Eruca vesicaria and Thapsia garganica appeared as the predominant pollen. Eighteen pollen types were classified as very frequent, present in more than 50% of the samples. The number of pollen types identified per sample ranged between 14 and 40 (mean of 24.41). For the quantitative analysis, the pollen content of the studied honey samples ranged from medium (class II, 48.78% of the samples) to high (class III, 53.65% of the samples), where the pollen density ranged from 26 607 to 660 992 in 10 g of honey, with an average of 160 880 grains per 10 g.
{"title":"Pollen analysis of honey from Laghouat region (Algeria)","authors":"Rayan Bahloul, Salim Zerrouk, R. Chaibi","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2022.2126726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2022.2126726","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 A microscopic analysis of 41 samples of honey obtained from several locations in the Laghouat region revealed the presence of 98 pollen types belonging to 48 families. Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Nitrariaceae were present in all the samples. Brassicaceae, Rhamnaceae and Apiaceae were identified in more than 80% of the samples. The families with highest diversity of pollen types were Fabaceae and Asteraceae with 13 and 11 types, respectively, Apiaceae and Boraginaceae with five types each. Twenty-seven honey samples (65.85%) were found to be monofloral and the remaining 14 polyfloral. The pollen types from Ziziphus lotus, Peganum harmala, Echium sp., Tamarix sp., Lotus, Eucalyptus sp., Eruca vesicaria and Thapsia garganica appeared as the predominant pollen. Eighteen pollen types were classified as very frequent, present in more than 50% of the samples. The number of pollen types identified per sample ranged between 14 and 40 (mean of 24.41). For the quantitative analysis, the pollen content of the studied honey samples ranged from medium (class II, 48.78% of the samples) to high (class III, 53.65% of the samples), where the pollen density ranged from 26 607 to 660 992 in 10 g of honey, with an average of 160 880 grains per 10 g.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":"61 1","pages":"471 - 480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42165781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-03DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2022.2117570
O. Barth, C. D. da Luz
Abstract A restinga is an ecosystem of the Atlantic Forest biome that occurs along the Brazilian coastal plains. The restinga areas studied here occur in the states of Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Alagoas, Paraíba and Maranhão. Honey, bee pollen, propolis and geopropolis produced by Apis mellifera and native stingless bees are characterised through the pollen morphology of bee plants. The main nectariferous sources in honey samples are Schinus terebinthifolia, Euterpe edulis and Syagrus romanzoffiana in São Paulo state; Burseraceae and Myrtaceae in Bahia state; Copaifera, Humiria balsamifera and mangrove plants in Maranhão state. The main polliniferous sources are Myrtaceae and Solanaceae in bee pollen samples in Santa Catarina state and Myrcia as monofloral samples in Rio de Janeiro state; Astrocaryum aculeatissimum is predominant and Cocos nucifera is always present in Bahia state. In propolis samples of Rio de Janeiro state Eucalyptus and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia are the most common pollen types; in Bahia state were Mimosa sensitiva and Cocos nucifera; Borreria, Cocos nucifera and Mimosa sensitiva in Alagoas state; Borreria and Symphonia globulifera in Paraíba state. Geopropolis samples from Maranhão state are strongly heterogeneous. Trees and shrubs in the resting areas considered here dominate over herbaceous plants and are predominant in the use by both Apis and native stingless bees. The wide presence of Eugenia catharinae pollen in the southern region samples, of Schinus terebinthifolia pollen in the south-eastern region, and of Avicennia, Cocos, Copaifera and Humiria pollen in samples of the north-eastern region are highlighted.
{"title":"Melissopalynology in Brazilian restinga areas, a mini review","authors":"O. Barth, C. D. da Luz","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2022.2117570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2022.2117570","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A restinga is an ecosystem of the Atlantic Forest biome that occurs along the Brazilian coastal plains. The restinga areas studied here occur in the states of Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Alagoas, Paraíba and Maranhão. Honey, bee pollen, propolis and geopropolis produced by Apis mellifera and native stingless bees are characterised through the pollen morphology of bee plants. The main nectariferous sources in honey samples are Schinus terebinthifolia, Euterpe edulis and Syagrus romanzoffiana in São Paulo state; Burseraceae and Myrtaceae in Bahia state; Copaifera, Humiria balsamifera and mangrove plants in Maranhão state. The main polliniferous sources are Myrtaceae and Solanaceae in bee pollen samples in Santa Catarina state and Myrcia as monofloral samples in Rio de Janeiro state; Astrocaryum aculeatissimum is predominant and Cocos nucifera is always present in Bahia state. In propolis samples of Rio de Janeiro state Eucalyptus and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia are the most common pollen types; in Bahia state were Mimosa sensitiva and Cocos nucifera; Borreria, Cocos nucifera and Mimosa sensitiva in Alagoas state; Borreria and Symphonia globulifera in Paraíba state. Geopropolis samples from Maranhão state are strongly heterogeneous. Trees and shrubs in the resting areas considered here dominate over herbaceous plants and are predominant in the use by both Apis and native stingless bees. The wide presence of Eugenia catharinae pollen in the southern region samples, of Schinus terebinthifolia pollen in the south-eastern region, and of Avicennia, Cocos, Copaifera and Humiria pollen in samples of the north-eastern region are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":"61 1","pages":"355 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46727830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-03DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2022.2126727
Higor Antonio-Domingues, Lorena Lana Camelo Antunes, M. Rossi, A. Martinelli, C. D. da Luz
Abstract Pollen morphology and ultrasculpture are variable features and important tools to aid the taxonomy and systematics of Aeschynomene sensu stricto and the recently circumscribed genus Ctenodon. We performed a palynotaxonomy study of pollen morphology and ultrasculpture of nine species of Aeschynomene and 13 species of Ctenodon using light, scanning and electron transmission microscopy, and provided novel data for seven species. Additionally, principal components analysis was performed to elucidate patterns of quantitative data variation between species. Pollen is isopolar (rarely apolar and pantocolporate), small to medium in size, oblate to prolate, 3-zonocolporate or 3-parassyncolporate/3-syncolporate (only in A. americana) with a colporus with margo (the margo was rarely absent), membrane or/and operculum (the operculum was rarely absent), and a rugulate-perforate or nanoreticulate to reticulate sexine. Two pollen types are recognised, one for each genus, based on ultrasculpture variation of the colporus operculum, membrane and margo, and the mesocolpium and apocolpium sexine combined with endoaperture features. The eurypalynous morphology supports the current circumscription of these genera and their phylogenetic relationships.
摘要花粉形态和超微形貌是刺齿蛇属(Aeschynomene sensu stricto)和新近划分的刺齿蛇属(Ctenodon)的可变特征和重要分类工具。利用光镜、扫描电镜和电子透射电镜对9种七齿蛇属植物和13种棘齿蛇属植物的花粉形态和超微结构进行了花粉分类研究，为其中7种植物的花粉形态和超微结构提供了新的数据。此外，还进行了主成分分析，以阐明物种间定量数据的变化模式。花粉是等极的(很少极性和全合生)，小到中等大小，扁圆形到长形，3-带合生或3-副共生/3-共生(仅在美洲美洲)，带有带有margo(很少缺少margo)，膜或/和被盖(很少缺少被盖)，和一个规整的穿孔或纳米网状到网状的性别。根据子叶盖、膜和荚膜的超微结构变化，以及子叶中胚轴和子叶顶胚轴的超微结构特征，可以识别出两种花粉类型，每属一种。全裂属的形态支持这些属的当前界限和它们的系统发育关系。
{"title":"An update to the palynotaxonomy of the Brazilian species of Aeschynomene sensu stricto and the recently circumscribed genus Ctenodon (Leguminosae – Papilionoideae – Dalbergieae)","authors":"Higor Antonio-Domingues, Lorena Lana Camelo Antunes, M. Rossi, A. Martinelli, C. D. da Luz","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2022.2126727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2022.2126727","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pollen morphology and ultrasculpture are variable features and important tools to aid the taxonomy and systematics of Aeschynomene sensu stricto and the recently circumscribed genus Ctenodon. We performed a palynotaxonomy study of pollen morphology and ultrasculpture of nine species of Aeschynomene and 13 species of Ctenodon using light, scanning and electron transmission microscopy, and provided novel data for seven species. Additionally, principal components analysis was performed to elucidate patterns of quantitative data variation between species. Pollen is isopolar (rarely apolar and pantocolporate), small to medium in size, oblate to prolate, 3-zonocolporate or 3-parassyncolporate/3-syncolporate (only in A. americana) with a colporus with margo (the margo was rarely absent), membrane or/and operculum (the operculum was rarely absent), and a rugulate-perforate or nanoreticulate to reticulate sexine. Two pollen types are recognised, one for each genus, based on ultrasculpture variation of the colporus operculum, membrane and margo, and the mesocolpium and apocolpium sexine combined with endoaperture features. The eurypalynous morphology supports the current circumscription of these genera and their phylogenetic relationships.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":"61 1","pages":"321 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47940916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-03DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2022.2117569
G. Fagúndez, D. C. Blettler, Marcia Ayelén Gallo
Abstract The pollen assemblage of 27 honey samples produced by Apis mellifera from three apiaries in the Diamante department, Entre Ríos (Argentina) were analysed. The study area is highly anthropised with cereal, oilseed and forage crops. The samples were obtained sequentially over four apicultural seasons (1999–2000; 2000–2001; 2001–2002; 2002–2003). In each season, one to three honey extractions, corresponding to the initial (I), middle (II) and final (III) productive periods, were made. Pollen assemblage of the honey reflected the study area vegetation. Monofloral honey were exclusively from exotic species, mainly of the dominant crops. Monofloral honey of Lotus corniculatus, Melilotus albus, Medicago sativa, Ammi, Glycine max and ‘clovers’ were obtained. The monofloral honey corresponded to 87.5%, 50% and 66%, respectively, to the honeys obtained in each productive period over the four apicultural seasons. The intra-annual variation of the samples responded to the phenology of the plant species. The inter-annual variations were associated with differential foraging, and the amount of precipitation during the apicultural period. Significant variations were observed when each apiary is compared to itself in different apicultural seasons, and in identical productive periods. Apis mellifera used a fraction of the available flora as nectar resources. The number of plant species visited remained relatively constant throughout the productive periods although it was higher during the apicultural seasons with lower rainfall.
{"title":"Pollen assemblage variability of Apis mellifera honeys (Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina)","authors":"G. Fagúndez, D. C. Blettler, Marcia Ayelén Gallo","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2022.2117569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2022.2117569","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The pollen assemblage of 27 honey samples produced by Apis mellifera from three apiaries in the Diamante department, Entre Ríos (Argentina) were analysed. The study area is highly anthropised with cereal, oilseed and forage crops. The samples were obtained sequentially over four apicultural seasons (1999–2000; 2000–2001; 2001–2002; 2002–2003). In each season, one to three honey extractions, corresponding to the initial (I), middle (II) and final (III) productive periods, were made. Pollen assemblage of the honey reflected the study area vegetation. Monofloral honey were exclusively from exotic species, mainly of the dominant crops. Monofloral honey of Lotus corniculatus, Melilotus albus, Medicago sativa, Ammi, Glycine max and ‘clovers’ were obtained. The monofloral honey corresponded to 87.5%, 50% and 66%, respectively, to the honeys obtained in each productive period over the four apicultural seasons. The intra-annual variation of the samples responded to the phenology of the plant species. The inter-annual variations were associated with differential foraging, and the amount of precipitation during the apicultural period. Significant variations were observed when each apiary is compared to itself in different apicultural seasons, and in identical productive periods. Apis mellifera used a fraction of the available flora as nectar resources. The number of plant species visited remained relatively constant throughout the productive periods although it was higher during the apicultural seasons with lower rainfall.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":"61 1","pages":"366 - 380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43206556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-03DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2022.2128863
Claire G. Williams, M. Greenwood
Abstract Rain-mediated reproduction, or hydrophily, is present in only 0.1% higher plant taxa. Pinus spp. is included on this list so here we present a synthesis illustrating three roles for rain in pine reproductive biology: pollen transport, pollen delivery and pollination. Pine pollen has been shown to survive long-range transport beneath and inside rain clouds after which germination still occurs. Pine pollen is captured inside raindrops so rain delivers pine pollen back to the earth’s surface and this pollen can also germinate. Rain is the primary pollination mode for Pinus taeda. The pollination drop only appears later if rain does not fall. Pine pollen does not appear to burst into subpollen pieces (SPP) upon water contact. For these reasons, wind and rain are vectors of pollen transport, deposition and pollination. Accordingly, research gaps abound and we formulated these as three testable hypotheses: (1) wetted pollen has aerodynamic properties which deter transport, (2) rain delivers its own load of pollen and (3) rain contributes to long-distance gene flow among populations within a species. Rain acts as a fluid medium contributing to Pinus spp. reproduction.
{"title":"Rain’s role in pine reproductive biology","authors":"Claire G. Williams, M. Greenwood","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2022.2128863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2022.2128863","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rain-mediated reproduction, or hydrophily, is present in only 0.1% higher plant taxa. Pinus spp. is included on this list so here we present a synthesis illustrating three roles for rain in pine reproductive biology: pollen transport, pollen delivery and pollination. Pine pollen has been shown to survive long-range transport beneath and inside rain clouds after which germination still occurs. Pine pollen is captured inside raindrops so rain delivers pine pollen back to the earth’s surface and this pollen can also germinate. Rain is the primary pollination mode for Pinus taeda. The pollination drop only appears later if rain does not fall. Pine pollen does not appear to burst into subpollen pieces (SPP) upon water contact. For these reasons, wind and rain are vectors of pollen transport, deposition and pollination. Accordingly, research gaps abound and we formulated these as three testable hypotheses: (1) wetted pollen has aerodynamic properties which deter transport, (2) rain delivers its own load of pollen and (3) rain contributes to long-distance gene flow among populations within a species. Rain acts as a fluid medium contributing to Pinus spp. reproduction.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":"61 1","pages":"349 - 354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43476393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2022.2089227
A. Koutsodendris
Zakynthos Island is located in the southeast Ionian Sea (eastern Mediterranean) having a surface area of c. 406 km. It is characterised by typical Mediterranean climate conditions, with dry summers and wet winters. Based on meteorological data from the town of Zakynthos (1971–2000), the mean annual temperature is 18 °C (mean winter: 11 °C; mean summer 26 ° C); the mean annual precipitation is 836 mm with ∼75%of the rain falling betweenOctober andFebruary (http://climatlas.hnms.gr/sdi/). Owing to a heterogenous landscape and geology, Zakynthos Island has a diverse flora consisting of 1122 native taxa, including 11 endemics of the Ionian islands and 36 Greek endemics (Valli et al. 2019). Typical taxa comprise Pinus halepensis Mill., Olea europaea L., Ceratonia siliqua L., Pistacia lentiscus L., Quercus ilex L., Arbutus unedo L., Spartium junceum L., and Calicotome villosa (Poir.) Link (Poirazidis et al. 2017). Forabetterunderstandingof thevegetationevolution of Zakynthos Island during the Holocene, 32 samples from a 30-m-long sediment core fromMakri paleolake inLaganas (37° 45' 27.22"N, 20° 53' 20.23"E;Avramidis et al. 2017)were palynologically analysed.The palynological preparation included sediment weighing, spiking with Lycopodium spores (Lund University, Batch No. 1031), treatment with hydrogen chloride (HCl, 30%) and hydrogen fluoride (HF, 40%), and sieving (10 μm). The identification of pollen grains followed Beug (2004).
{"title":"65. Makri paleolake in Laganas, Zakynthos Island (Greece)","authors":"A. Koutsodendris","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2022.2089227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2022.2089227","url":null,"abstract":"Zakynthos Island is located in the southeast Ionian Sea (eastern Mediterranean) having a surface area of c. 406 km. It is characterised by typical Mediterranean climate conditions, with dry summers and wet winters. Based on meteorological data from the town of Zakynthos (1971–2000), the mean annual temperature is 18 °C (mean winter: 11 °C; mean summer 26 ° C); the mean annual precipitation is 836 mm with ∼75%of the rain falling betweenOctober andFebruary (http://climatlas.hnms.gr/sdi/). Owing to a heterogenous landscape and geology, Zakynthos Island has a diverse flora consisting of 1122 native taxa, including 11 endemics of the Ionian islands and 36 Greek endemics (Valli et al. 2019). Typical taxa comprise Pinus halepensis Mill., Olea europaea L., Ceratonia siliqua L., Pistacia lentiscus L., Quercus ilex L., Arbutus unedo L., Spartium junceum L., and Calicotome villosa (Poir.) Link (Poirazidis et al. 2017). Forabetterunderstandingof thevegetationevolution of Zakynthos Island during the Holocene, 32 samples from a 30-m-long sediment core fromMakri paleolake inLaganas (37° 45' 27.22\"N, 20° 53' 20.23\"E;Avramidis et al. 2017)were palynologically analysed.The palynological preparation included sediment weighing, spiking with Lycopodium spores (Lund University, Batch No. 1031), treatment with hydrogen chloride (HCl, 30%) and hydrogen fluoride (HF, 40%), and sieving (10 μm). The identification of pollen grains followed Beug (2004).","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":"61 1","pages":"398 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42360884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2022.2088851
M. Rösch, E. Marinova
During the last Ice age, the northern Black Forest was covered only by local glaciers, which resulted in many cirques, the deepest still containing lakes (Lang 2005). One of them, Huzenbacher See (8° 20′ 58′′ E, 48° 34′ 33′′ N, 747 m above sea level [a.s.l.]), is surrounded by ridges with elevations up to 940 m a.s.l. The lake covers an area of 2.5 ha, has a maximum depth of 7.5 m and is surrounded by a fringe of oligotrophic mires and by coniferous forest dominated by spruce. The closest larger areas with open vegetation are the Murg valley, about 4 km to the east, and the Acher valley more than 10 km to the west, where the Black Forest becomes lower and eventually bounds the Upper Rhine Rift. In modern times, as most lakes of the Black Forest, Huzenbacher See was dammed to rise the water table and to have water for flushing timber down to the Murg valley. With the rising water table parts of the surrounding peat were elevated and floated, resulting in a concentric ring of quaking bog surrounding the lake’s centre and separating it from the littoral water.
{"title":"64. Huzenbacher See","authors":"M. Rösch, E. Marinova","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2022.2088851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2022.2088851","url":null,"abstract":"During the last Ice age, the northern Black Forest was covered only by local glaciers, which resulted in many cirques, the deepest still containing lakes (Lang 2005). One of them, Huzenbacher See (8° 20′ 58′′ E, 48° 34′ 33′′ N, 747 m above sea level [a.s.l.]), is surrounded by ridges with elevations up to 940 m a.s.l. The lake covers an area of 2.5 ha, has a maximum depth of 7.5 m and is surrounded by a fringe of oligotrophic mires and by coniferous forest dominated by spruce. The closest larger areas with open vegetation are the Murg valley, about 4 km to the east, and the Acher valley more than 10 km to the west, where the Black Forest becomes lower and eventually bounds the Upper Rhine Rift. In modern times, as most lakes of the Black Forest, Huzenbacher See was dammed to rise the water table and to have water for flushing timber down to the Murg valley. With the rising water table parts of the surrounding peat were elevated and floated, resulting in a concentric ring of quaking bog surrounding the lake’s centre and separating it from the littoral water.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":"61 1","pages":"394 - 397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49258852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：