Pub Date : 2022-09-03DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2022.2126727
Higor Antonio-Domingues, Lorena Lana Camelo Antunes, M. Rossi, A. Martinelli, C. D. da Luz
Abstract Pollen morphology and ultrasculpture are variable features and important tools to aid the taxonomy and systematics of Aeschynomene sensu stricto and the recently circumscribed genus Ctenodon. We performed a palynotaxonomy study of pollen morphology and ultrasculpture of nine species of Aeschynomene and 13 species of Ctenodon using light, scanning and electron transmission microscopy, and provided novel data for seven species. Additionally, principal components analysis was performed to elucidate patterns of quantitative data variation between species. Pollen is isopolar (rarely apolar and pantocolporate), small to medium in size, oblate to prolate, 3-zonocolporate or 3-parassyncolporate/3-syncolporate (only in A. americana) with a colporus with margo (the margo was rarely absent), membrane or/and operculum (the operculum was rarely absent), and a rugulate-perforate or nanoreticulate to reticulate sexine. Two pollen types are recognised, one for each genus, based on ultrasculpture variation of the colporus operculum, membrane and margo, and the mesocolpium and apocolpium sexine combined with endoaperture features. The eurypalynous morphology supports the current circumscription of these genera and their phylogenetic relationships.
摘要花粉形态和超微形貌是刺齿蛇属(Aeschynomene sensu stricto)和新近划分的刺齿蛇属(Ctenodon)的可变特征和重要分类工具。利用光镜、扫描电镜和电子透射电镜对9种七齿蛇属植物和13种棘齿蛇属植物的花粉形态和超微结构进行了花粉分类研究，为其中7种植物的花粉形态和超微结构提供了新的数据。此外，还进行了主成分分析，以阐明物种间定量数据的变化模式。花粉是等极的(很少极性和全合生)，小到中等大小，扁圆形到长形，3-带合生或3-副共生/3-共生(仅在美洲美洲)，带有带有margo(很少缺少margo)，膜或/和被盖(很少缺少被盖)，和一个规整的穿孔或纳米网状到网状的性别。根据子叶盖、膜和荚膜的超微结构变化，以及子叶中胚轴和子叶顶胚轴的超微结构特征，可以识别出两种花粉类型，每属一种。全裂属的形态支持这些属的当前界限和它们的系统发育关系。
{"title":"An update to the palynotaxonomy of the Brazilian species of Aeschynomene sensu stricto and the recently circumscribed genus Ctenodon (Leguminosae – Papilionoideae – Dalbergieae)","authors":"Higor Antonio-Domingues, Lorena Lana Camelo Antunes, M. Rossi, A. Martinelli, C. D. da Luz","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2022.2126727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2022.2126727","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pollen morphology and ultrasculpture are variable features and important tools to aid the taxonomy and systematics of Aeschynomene sensu stricto and the recently circumscribed genus Ctenodon. We performed a palynotaxonomy study of pollen morphology and ultrasculpture of nine species of Aeschynomene and 13 species of Ctenodon using light, scanning and electron transmission microscopy, and provided novel data for seven species. Additionally, principal components analysis was performed to elucidate patterns of quantitative data variation between species. Pollen is isopolar (rarely apolar and pantocolporate), small to medium in size, oblate to prolate, 3-zonocolporate or 3-parassyncolporate/3-syncolporate (only in A. americana) with a colporus with margo (the margo was rarely absent), membrane or/and operculum (the operculum was rarely absent), and a rugulate-perforate or nanoreticulate to reticulate sexine. Two pollen types are recognised, one for each genus, based on ultrasculpture variation of the colporus operculum, membrane and margo, and the mesocolpium and apocolpium sexine combined with endoaperture features. The eurypalynous morphology supports the current circumscription of these genera and their phylogenetic relationships.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47940916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-03DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2022.2117569
G. Fagúndez, D. C. Blettler, Marcia Ayelén Gallo
Abstract The pollen assemblage of 27 honey samples produced by Apis mellifera from three apiaries in the Diamante department, Entre Ríos (Argentina) were analysed. The study area is highly anthropised with cereal, oilseed and forage crops. The samples were obtained sequentially over four apicultural seasons (1999–2000; 2000–2001; 2001–2002; 2002–2003). In each season, one to three honey extractions, corresponding to the initial (I), middle (II) and final (III) productive periods, were made. Pollen assemblage of the honey reflected the study area vegetation. Monofloral honey were exclusively from exotic species, mainly of the dominant crops. Monofloral honey of Lotus corniculatus, Melilotus albus, Medicago sativa, Ammi, Glycine max and ‘clovers’ were obtained. The monofloral honey corresponded to 87.5%, 50% and 66%, respectively, to the honeys obtained in each productive period over the four apicultural seasons. The intra-annual variation of the samples responded to the phenology of the plant species. The inter-annual variations were associated with differential foraging, and the amount of precipitation during the apicultural period. Significant variations were observed when each apiary is compared to itself in different apicultural seasons, and in identical productive periods. Apis mellifera used a fraction of the available flora as nectar resources. The number of plant species visited remained relatively constant throughout the productive periods although it was higher during the apicultural seasons with lower rainfall.
{"title":"Pollen assemblage variability of Apis mellifera honeys (Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina)","authors":"G. Fagúndez, D. C. Blettler, Marcia Ayelén Gallo","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2022.2117569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2022.2117569","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The pollen assemblage of 27 honey samples produced by Apis mellifera from three apiaries in the Diamante department, Entre Ríos (Argentina) were analysed. The study area is highly anthropised with cereal, oilseed and forage crops. The samples were obtained sequentially over four apicultural seasons (1999–2000; 2000–2001; 2001–2002; 2002–2003). In each season, one to three honey extractions, corresponding to the initial (I), middle (II) and final (III) productive periods, were made. Pollen assemblage of the honey reflected the study area vegetation. Monofloral honey were exclusively from exotic species, mainly of the dominant crops. Monofloral honey of Lotus corniculatus, Melilotus albus, Medicago sativa, Ammi, Glycine max and ‘clovers’ were obtained. The monofloral honey corresponded to 87.5%, 50% and 66%, respectively, to the honeys obtained in each productive period over the four apicultural seasons. The intra-annual variation of the samples responded to the phenology of the plant species. The inter-annual variations were associated with differential foraging, and the amount of precipitation during the apicultural period. Significant variations were observed when each apiary is compared to itself in different apicultural seasons, and in identical productive periods. Apis mellifera used a fraction of the available flora as nectar resources. The number of plant species visited remained relatively constant throughout the productive periods although it was higher during the apicultural seasons with lower rainfall.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43206556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-03DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2022.2128863
Claire G. Williams, M. Greenwood
Abstract Rain-mediated reproduction, or hydrophily, is present in only 0.1% higher plant taxa. Pinus spp. is included on this list so here we present a synthesis illustrating three roles for rain in pine reproductive biology: pollen transport, pollen delivery and pollination. Pine pollen has been shown to survive long-range transport beneath and inside rain clouds after which germination still occurs. Pine pollen is captured inside raindrops so rain delivers pine pollen back to the earth’s surface and this pollen can also germinate. Rain is the primary pollination mode for Pinus taeda. The pollination drop only appears later if rain does not fall. Pine pollen does not appear to burst into subpollen pieces (SPP) upon water contact. For these reasons, wind and rain are vectors of pollen transport, deposition and pollination. Accordingly, research gaps abound and we formulated these as three testable hypotheses: (1) wetted pollen has aerodynamic properties which deter transport, (2) rain delivers its own load of pollen and (3) rain contributes to long-distance gene flow among populations within a species. Rain acts as a fluid medium contributing to Pinus spp. reproduction.
{"title":"Rain’s role in pine reproductive biology","authors":"Claire G. Williams, M. Greenwood","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2022.2128863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2022.2128863","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rain-mediated reproduction, or hydrophily, is present in only 0.1% higher plant taxa. Pinus spp. is included on this list so here we present a synthesis illustrating three roles for rain in pine reproductive biology: pollen transport, pollen delivery and pollination. Pine pollen has been shown to survive long-range transport beneath and inside rain clouds after which germination still occurs. Pine pollen is captured inside raindrops so rain delivers pine pollen back to the earth’s surface and this pollen can also germinate. Rain is the primary pollination mode for Pinus taeda. The pollination drop only appears later if rain does not fall. Pine pollen does not appear to burst into subpollen pieces (SPP) upon water contact. For these reasons, wind and rain are vectors of pollen transport, deposition and pollination. Accordingly, research gaps abound and we formulated these as three testable hypotheses: (1) wetted pollen has aerodynamic properties which deter transport, (2) rain delivers its own load of pollen and (3) rain contributes to long-distance gene flow among populations within a species. Rain acts as a fluid medium contributing to Pinus spp. reproduction.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43476393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2022.2089227
A. Koutsodendris
Zakynthos Island is located in the southeast Ionian Sea (eastern Mediterranean) having a surface area of c. 406 km. It is characterised by typical Mediterranean climate conditions, with dry summers and wet winters. Based on meteorological data from the town of Zakynthos (1971–2000), the mean annual temperature is 18 °C (mean winter: 11 °C; mean summer 26 ° C); the mean annual precipitation is 836 mm with ∼75%of the rain falling betweenOctober andFebruary (http://climatlas.hnms.gr/sdi/). Owing to a heterogenous landscape and geology, Zakynthos Island has a diverse flora consisting of 1122 native taxa, including 11 endemics of the Ionian islands and 36 Greek endemics (Valli et al. 2019). Typical taxa comprise Pinus halepensis Mill., Olea europaea L., Ceratonia siliqua L., Pistacia lentiscus L., Quercus ilex L., Arbutus unedo L., Spartium junceum L., and Calicotome villosa (Poir.) Link (Poirazidis et al. 2017). Forabetterunderstandingof thevegetationevolution of Zakynthos Island during the Holocene, 32 samples from a 30-m-long sediment core fromMakri paleolake inLaganas (37° 45' 27.22"N, 20° 53' 20.23"E;Avramidis et al. 2017)were palynologically analysed.The palynological preparation included sediment weighing, spiking with Lycopodium spores (Lund University, Batch No. 1031), treatment with hydrogen chloride (HCl, 30%) and hydrogen fluoride (HF, 40%), and sieving (10 μm). The identification of pollen grains followed Beug (2004).
{"title":"65. Makri paleolake in Laganas, Zakynthos Island (Greece)","authors":"A. Koutsodendris","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2022.2089227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2022.2089227","url":null,"abstract":"Zakynthos Island is located in the southeast Ionian Sea (eastern Mediterranean) having a surface area of c. 406 km. It is characterised by typical Mediterranean climate conditions, with dry summers and wet winters. Based on meteorological data from the town of Zakynthos (1971–2000), the mean annual temperature is 18 °C (mean winter: 11 °C; mean summer 26 ° C); the mean annual precipitation is 836 mm with ∼75%of the rain falling betweenOctober andFebruary (http://climatlas.hnms.gr/sdi/). Owing to a heterogenous landscape and geology, Zakynthos Island has a diverse flora consisting of 1122 native taxa, including 11 endemics of the Ionian islands and 36 Greek endemics (Valli et al. 2019). Typical taxa comprise Pinus halepensis Mill., Olea europaea L., Ceratonia siliqua L., Pistacia lentiscus L., Quercus ilex L., Arbutus unedo L., Spartium junceum L., and Calicotome villosa (Poir.) Link (Poirazidis et al. 2017). Forabetterunderstandingof thevegetationevolution of Zakynthos Island during the Holocene, 32 samples from a 30-m-long sediment core fromMakri paleolake inLaganas (37° 45' 27.22\"N, 20° 53' 20.23\"E;Avramidis et al. 2017)were palynologically analysed.The palynological preparation included sediment weighing, spiking with Lycopodium spores (Lund University, Batch No. 1031), treatment with hydrogen chloride (HCl, 30%) and hydrogen fluoride (HF, 40%), and sieving (10 μm). The identification of pollen grains followed Beug (2004).","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42360884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2022.2088851
M. Rösch, E. Marinova
During the last Ice age, the northern Black Forest was covered only by local glaciers, which resulted in many cirques, the deepest still containing lakes (Lang 2005). One of them, Huzenbacher See (8° 20′ 58′′ E, 48° 34′ 33′′ N, 747 m above sea level [a.s.l.]), is surrounded by ridges with elevations up to 940 m a.s.l. The lake covers an area of 2.5 ha, has a maximum depth of 7.5 m and is surrounded by a fringe of oligotrophic mires and by coniferous forest dominated by spruce. The closest larger areas with open vegetation are the Murg valley, about 4 km to the east, and the Acher valley more than 10 km to the west, where the Black Forest becomes lower and eventually bounds the Upper Rhine Rift. In modern times, as most lakes of the Black Forest, Huzenbacher See was dammed to rise the water table and to have water for flushing timber down to the Murg valley. With the rising water table parts of the surrounding peat were elevated and floated, resulting in a concentric ring of quaking bog surrounding the lake’s centre and separating it from the littoral water.
{"title":"64. Huzenbacher See","authors":"M. Rösch, E. Marinova","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2022.2088851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2022.2088851","url":null,"abstract":"During the last Ice age, the northern Black Forest was covered only by local glaciers, which resulted in many cirques, the deepest still containing lakes (Lang 2005). One of them, Huzenbacher See (8° 20′ 58′′ E, 48° 34′ 33′′ N, 747 m above sea level [a.s.l.]), is surrounded by ridges with elevations up to 940 m a.s.l. The lake covers an area of 2.5 ha, has a maximum depth of 7.5 m and is surrounded by a fringe of oligotrophic mires and by coniferous forest dominated by spruce. The closest larger areas with open vegetation are the Murg valley, about 4 km to the east, and the Acher valley more than 10 km to the west, where the Black Forest becomes lower and eventually bounds the Upper Rhine Rift. In modern times, as most lakes of the Black Forest, Huzenbacher See was dammed to rise the water table and to have water for flushing timber down to the Murg valley. With the rising water table parts of the surrounding peat were elevated and floated, resulting in a concentric ring of quaking bog surrounding the lake’s centre and separating it from the littoral water.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49258852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2022.2089225
E. Fredh
Site details Lake Öagöl (57° 12′ 34′′; 14° 48′ 03′′) is situated in the central part of the province of Småland, southern Sweden, a region characterised by mixed woodlands and small-scale agriculture. The investigated lake has a circular to squarish shape and covers 1.8 ha. A minor road runs through the catchment area (which is 22 ha) on the western side of the lake (approximately 100 m from the lake shore). The nearest village is situated about 2 km away. Historical maps from the nineteenth century show that cultivated fields and hay meadows were situated close to the village. The maps also show that the immediate area around the lake was part of the land, which was mainly used for grazing and wood resources, and that the nearest hay meadow was approximately 500 m away. Today, the land-cover around the lake is mixed woodland, dominated by spruce plantations. On the western side of the lake catchment is a local nature reserve (Kråketorpsskogen, 200 ha), which is protected from modern forestry.
{"title":"61. A pollen record from Lake Öagöl (south-Swedish Uplands): 1500 years of land-use history","authors":"E. Fredh","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2022.2089225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2022.2089225","url":null,"abstract":"Site details Lake Öagöl (57° 12′ 34′′; 14° 48′ 03′′) is situated in the central part of the province of Småland, southern Sweden, a region characterised by mixed woodlands and small-scale agriculture. The investigated lake has a circular to squarish shape and covers 1.8 ha. A minor road runs through the catchment area (which is 22 ha) on the western side of the lake (approximately 100 m from the lake shore). The nearest village is situated about 2 km away. Historical maps from the nineteenth century show that cultivated fields and hay meadows were situated close to the village. The maps also show that the immediate area around the lake was part of the land, which was mainly used for grazing and wood resources, and that the nearest hay meadow was approximately 500 m away. Today, the land-cover around the lake is mixed woodland, dominated by spruce plantations. On the western side of the lake catchment is a local nature reserve (Kråketorpsskogen, 200 ha), which is protected from modern forestry.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44858762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2022.2089226
H. Hooghiemstra, Keith Richards
Abstract Frans Florschütz (1887‒1965) developed pollen analysis in the Netherlands as a biostratigraphical tool on the interface between geology, palaeobotany, soil science and climate history. He was involved in agricultural practice and the building of large infrastructure. Florschütz established centres of pollen analysis at the universities in Wageningen (1924) and Utrecht (1928), was appointed professor in Leiden (1948) and after retirement founded a chair in pollen analysis in Nijmegen (1960). The botanical institute in Utrecht was Florschütz’ alma mater where he supervised students over two decades. Since 1947 Florschütz trained micropalaeontologists how to use fossil pollen as a biostratigraphical tool in oil industry. He inspired Jonker in Utrecht and Zagwijn in Leiden. Several of his students focused on tropical areas and used applied and academic pollen analysis to explore tropical ecosystems, such as Polak (1930s) and Muller (1950s) in southeast Asia, Van Zinderen Bakker (1950s) in southern Africa, Van der Hammen (1950s) in northern South America, Van Zeist and Bottema (1960s) in the Middle East. He stimulated Shell to be a pioneer in using pollen-based stratigraphy in oil exploration in the tropics. In the late 1940s and 1950s biostratigraphers Germeraad, Hopping, Kuyl, Muller and Waterbolk studied samples from the Caribbean, Nigeria and British Borneo in Shell’s Pollen Laboratories in Maracaibo (Venezuela) and in The Hague. In 1944 ‘pollen analysis’ was renamed ‘palynology’ for good reasons. Laboratory practice in applied research developed differently from academic palynology leading to a hybrid research field. Implications are briefly discussed.
摘要Frans Florschütz（1887-1965）在荷兰开发了花粉分析，将其作为地质学、古植物学、土壤科学和气候史之间界面的生物地层学工具。他参与了农业实践和大型基础设施的建设。Florschütz在瓦赫宁根大学（1924年）和乌得勒支大学（1928年）建立了花粉分析中心，在莱顿被任命为教授（1948年），退休后在奈梅亨成立了花粉分析主席（1960年）。乌得勒支的植物学院是Florschütz的母校，他在那里指导学生20多年。自1947年以来，Florschütz培训微体学家如何在石油工业中使用花粉化石作为生物地层学工具。他激励了乌得勒支的容克和莱顿的扎格维恩。他的几个学生专注于热带地区，并使用应用和学术花粉分析来探索热带生态系统，如东南亚的Polak（20世纪30年代）和Muller（20世纪50年代），南部非洲的Van Zinderen Bakker（20世纪五十年代），南美北部的Van der Hammen（20世纪70年代），中东的Van Zeist和Bottema（20世纪60年代）。他鼓励壳牌公司成为在热带石油勘探中使用花粉地层学的先驱。20世纪40年代末和50年代，生物地层学家Germeraad、Hopping、Kuyl、Muller和Waterbolk在位于马拉开波（委内瑞拉）和海牙的壳牌花粉实验室研究了加勒比海、尼日利亚和英属婆罗洲的样本。1944年，“花粉分析”更名为“孢粉学”，理由很充分。应用研究的实验室实践与学术孢粉学发展不同，导致了一个混合研究领域。简要讨论了影响。
{"title":"Frans Florschütz as founding father of pollen analysis in the Netherlands, and expansion of palynology into the tropics","authors":"H. Hooghiemstra, Keith Richards","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2022.2089226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2022.2089226","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Frans Florschütz (1887‒1965) developed pollen analysis in the Netherlands as a biostratigraphical tool on the interface between geology, palaeobotany, soil science and climate history. He was involved in agricultural practice and the building of large infrastructure. Florschütz established centres of pollen analysis at the universities in Wageningen (1924) and Utrecht (1928), was appointed professor in Leiden (1948) and after retirement founded a chair in pollen analysis in Nijmegen (1960). The botanical institute in Utrecht was Florschütz’ alma mater where he supervised students over two decades. Since 1947 Florschütz trained micropalaeontologists how to use fossil pollen as a biostratigraphical tool in oil industry. He inspired Jonker in Utrecht and Zagwijn in Leiden. Several of his students focused on tropical areas and used applied and academic pollen analysis to explore tropical ecosystems, such as Polak (1930s) and Muller (1950s) in southeast Asia, Van Zinderen Bakker (1950s) in southern Africa, Van der Hammen (1950s) in northern South America, Van Zeist and Bottema (1960s) in the Middle East. He stimulated Shell to be a pioneer in using pollen-based stratigraphy in oil exploration in the tropics. In the late 1940s and 1950s biostratigraphers Germeraad, Hopping, Kuyl, Muller and Waterbolk studied samples from the Caribbean, Nigeria and British Borneo in Shell’s Pollen Laboratories in Maracaibo (Venezuela) and in The Hague. In 1944 ‘pollen analysis’ was renamed ‘palynology’ for good reasons. Laboratory practice in applied research developed differently from academic palynology leading to a hybrid research field. Implications are briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47487181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2022.2088853
J. López‐Sáez
Site details TheDehesa de la Avellaneda mire (40° 19′ 19.28′′ N, 4° 46′ 50.62′′ W; size c. 0.01 ha; 1325 m above sea level [a.s.l.]) lies on the south-eastern slope of the ‘Sierra del Artuñero’ in the eastern part of the Gredos Range (Casavieja, Ávila). The climate is of a Mediterranean type, wet and cold in winter (0–2 °C) and dry and warm (20–22 °C) in summer, with a summer drought period lasting 3–5 months and heavy rainfall in autumn and winter. The average annual temperature is 14 °C and the annual precipitation is 1400 mm. The most representative plant communities of the area are maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) and Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) woodlands, and isolated Pinus nigra Arnold subsp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco trees (LópezSáez et al. 2019). The uppermost areas (1600– 1915 m a.s.l.) are occupied by broom communities of Cytisus oromediterraneus Rivas-Martínez, Díaz, Prieto, Loidi & Penas and Echinospartum barnadesii (Graells) Rothm (López-Sáez et al. 2016). The mire vegetation is composed mainly of Sphagnum sp., Carex nigra (L.) Reich. and Drosera rotundifolia L. The bedrock is old siliceous basement made up mainly of Late-Hercynian granites.
dehesa de la Avellaneda泥潭(北纬40°19 ' 19.28 "，西经4°46 ' 50.62 ";尺寸c. 0.01 ha;海拔1325米[a.s.l.])位于格雷多斯山脉(Casavieja， Ávila)东部“Sierra del Artuñero”的东南坡上。气候属地中海型，冬季潮湿寒冷(0-2°C)，夏季干燥温暖(20-22°C)，夏季干旱期持续3-5个月，秋冬多雨。年平均气温14℃，年降水量1400毫米。该地区最具代表性的植物群落是海松(Pinus pinaster Ait.)和比利牛斯橡树(Quercus pyrenaica wild.)林地，以及孤立的黑松(Pinus nigra Arnold)亚种。salzmannii (Dunal) Franco树(LópezSáez et al. 2019)。最上面的区域(1600 - 1915 m a.s.l.)被Cytisus oromediterraneus Rivas-Martínez, Díaz, Prieto, Loidi & Penas和Echinospartum barnadesii (Graells) Rothm (López-Sáez et al. 2016)的扫帚群落占据。沼泽植被主要由泥炭(Sphagnum sp.)、黑苔草(Carex nigra (L.))等组成。帝国。基岩为以晚海西期花岗岩为主的老硅质基底。
{"title":"63. Dehesa de la Avellaneda, Gregos Range (central Spain)","authors":"J. López‐Sáez","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2022.2088853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2022.2088853","url":null,"abstract":"Site details TheDehesa de la Avellaneda mire (40° 19′ 19.28′′ N, 4° 46′ 50.62′′ W; size c. 0.01 ha; 1325 m above sea level [a.s.l.]) lies on the south-eastern slope of the ‘Sierra del Artuñero’ in the eastern part of the Gredos Range (Casavieja, Ávila). The climate is of a Mediterranean type, wet and cold in winter (0–2 °C) and dry and warm (20–22 °C) in summer, with a summer drought period lasting 3–5 months and heavy rainfall in autumn and winter. The average annual temperature is 14 °C and the annual precipitation is 1400 mm. The most representative plant communities of the area are maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) and Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) woodlands, and isolated Pinus nigra Arnold subsp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco trees (LópezSáez et al. 2019). The uppermost areas (1600– 1915 m a.s.l.) are occupied by broom communities of Cytisus oromediterraneus Rivas-Martínez, Díaz, Prieto, Loidi & Penas and Echinospartum barnadesii (Graells) Rothm (López-Sáez et al. 2016). The mire vegetation is composed mainly of Sphagnum sp., Carex nigra (L.) Reich. and Drosera rotundifolia L. The bedrock is old siliceous basement made up mainly of Late-Hercynian granites.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47142842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2022.2088852
E. Fischer, E. Marinova, M. Rösch
The Upper Swabian Plain, which was covered by the Würmian Rhine glacier, extends triangular over an area of 2500 km. Lake Constance marks the border to the south; the terminal moraine of the Würmian Rhine glacier south of the Danube and the Iller valley mark the borders to the north and to the east (Eberle et al. 2017). The Königseggsee (Lake Königsegg) is a lake of glacial origin situated in the central part of this region (9° 26′ 58′′ E, 47° 55′ 57′′ N), below the castle of Königsegg, at an altitude of 626.5 m above sea level (a.s.l.). The lake covers an area of 15.6 ha and has a maximum depth of 9.6 m. At its northern shore, it is surrounded by wetlands, while its southern shore is rising steeply to a hill, up to 729 m a.s.l. and covered by Fagus sylvatica L. dominated forest. The hilly plain to the east, around the localities Ostrach, Hoßkirch and Altshausen, has been strongly deforested and is currently under agricultural use. One previous study of a core by Homann et al. (1990) investigated the vegetation history of the Königseggsee.
{"title":"62. Königseggsee, Upper Swabia, Germany","authors":"E. Fischer, E. Marinova, M. Rösch","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2022.2088852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2022.2088852","url":null,"abstract":"The Upper Swabian Plain, which was covered by the Würmian Rhine glacier, extends triangular over an area of 2500 km. Lake Constance marks the border to the south; the terminal moraine of the Würmian Rhine glacier south of the Danube and the Iller valley mark the borders to the north and to the east (Eberle et al. 2017). The Königseggsee (Lake Königsegg) is a lake of glacial origin situated in the central part of this region (9° 26′ 58′′ E, 47° 55′ 57′′ N), below the castle of Königsegg, at an altitude of 626.5 m above sea level (a.s.l.). The lake covers an area of 15.6 ha and has a maximum depth of 9.6 m. At its northern shore, it is surrounded by wetlands, while its southern shore is rising steeply to a hill, up to 729 m a.s.l. and covered by Fagus sylvatica L. dominated forest. The hilly plain to the east, around the localities Ostrach, Hoßkirch and Altshausen, has been strongly deforested and is currently under agricultural use. One previous study of a core by Homann et al. (1990) investigated the vegetation history of the Königseggsee.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45300873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-21DOI: 10.1080/00173134.2022.2071985
Nevin Şafak Odabaşı
Abstract This study presents the pollen morphology of 16 taxa of Linum L. section Syllinum Griseb., 13 of which being endemic to Turkey, by using light and scanning electron microscopy. All the pollen grains are trizonocolpate; however, some taxa were observed to have also hexacolpate grains along with trizonocolpate ones. The pollen grains are large, suboblate, less often oblate spheroidal in shape. Distyly is predominantly present in the section, except for homostylous species Linum nodiflorum L. All the studied distylous taxa have dimorphic pollen grains. In short-styled floral morphs, the exine has monomorphic processes, gemmae, which at the top have a ring of marginal papillae, with or without prominent central papilla. In long-styled floral morphs and in homostylous morph, the exine is dimorphic and has two types of processes: bacula, smaller in diameter, ending in a central microechinus, and clavae, larger in diameter with a central microechinus ending into lobes or a ring of scabrae at the margins. In the studied distylous species, the pollen of short-styled morphs is larger than that of the long-styled morphs. Based on the morphometric data, the principal component analysis has grouped these two morphs separately; with the homostylous one, although with dimorphic exine, nested within the short-styled morphs. This could be considered as evidence supporting the loss of heterostyly in homostylous Linum.
{"title":"Pollen morphology of Linum L. section Syllinum Griseb. (Linaceae) of Turkey","authors":"Nevin Şafak Odabaşı","doi":"10.1080/00173134.2022.2071985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2022.2071985","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study presents the pollen morphology of 16 taxa of Linum L. section Syllinum Griseb., 13 of which being endemic to Turkey, by using light and scanning electron microscopy. All the pollen grains are trizonocolpate; however, some taxa were observed to have also hexacolpate grains along with trizonocolpate ones. The pollen grains are large, suboblate, less often oblate spheroidal in shape. Distyly is predominantly present in the section, except for homostylous species Linum nodiflorum L. All the studied distylous taxa have dimorphic pollen grains. In short-styled floral morphs, the exine has monomorphic processes, gemmae, which at the top have a ring of marginal papillae, with or without prominent central papilla. In long-styled floral morphs and in homostylous morph, the exine is dimorphic and has two types of processes: bacula, smaller in diameter, ending in a central microechinus, and clavae, larger in diameter with a central microechinus ending into lobes or a ring of scabrae at the margins. In the studied distylous species, the pollen of short-styled morphs is larger than that of the long-styled morphs. Based on the morphometric data, the principal component analysis has grouped these two morphs separately; with the homostylous one, although with dimorphic exine, nested within the short-styled morphs. This could be considered as evidence supporting the loss of heterostyly in homostylous Linum.","PeriodicalId":50414,"journal":{"name":"Grana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41602412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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