Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2023.147557
{"title":"From waste to value: recovering critical raw materials from urban mines in the European Union and United States","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/gsm.2023.147557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/gsm.2023.147557","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50416,"journal":{"name":"Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi-Mineral Resources Management","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2023.147551
, it is investigated whether moderator variables are effective on LhV estimation with proximate analysis data collected from forty-one lignite basins in different regions of Turkey, and a moderator variable analysis (MVA) model is developed to be used for the prediction of LhV. As a result of the study, it is found that the proposed MVA model is in accordance with observation values (coefficient of determination R 2 = 0.951), and absolute and standard errors are also small. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of MVA to estimate the LhV of Turkey’s lignite is found to be more statistically meaningful.
{"title":"An investigation of the effects of moderator variables on the lower heating value estimation of lignite deposits in Turkey","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/gsm.2023.147551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/gsm.2023.147551","url":null,"abstract":", it is investigated whether moderator variables are effective on LhV estimation with proximate analysis data collected from forty-one lignite basins in different regions of Turkey, and a moderator variable analysis (MVA) model is developed to be used for the prediction of LhV. As a result of the study, it is found that the proposed MVA model is in accordance with observation values (coefficient of determination R 2 = 0.951), and absolute and standard errors are also small. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of MVA to estimate the LhV of Turkey’s lignite is found to be more statistically meaningful.","PeriodicalId":50416,"journal":{"name":"Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi-Mineral Resources Management","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2023.147552
energy transition is a process that affects entire regions, not only reducing the prevailing socioeconomic conditions but most importantly, creating a new framework of functioning for their in-habitants. the changes that are taking place can be described as territorial stresses
{"title":"Territorial trauma or modernization experience? The Kraków Metropolitan Area and Silesia as case studies affected by intensive energy transition processes","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/gsm.2023.147552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/gsm.2023.147552","url":null,"abstract":"energy transition is a process that affects entire regions, not only reducing the prevailing socioeconomic conditions but most importantly, creating a new framework of functioning for their in-habitants. the changes that are taking place can be described as territorial stresses","PeriodicalId":50416,"journal":{"name":"Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi-Mineral Resources Management","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2023.147555
The suitability of several low-labor geostatistical procedures in the interpolation of highly positively skewed seismic data distributions was tested in the Baltic Basin. These procedures were a combination of various estimators of the model of spatial variation (theoretical variogram) and kriging techniques, together with the initial data transformation to normal distribution or lack thereof. This transformation consisted of logarithmization or normalization using the anamorphosis technique. Two variations of the theoretical variogram estimator were used: the commonly used classical Matheron estimator and the inverse covariance estimator (InvCov), which is robust with regard to non-ergodic data. It was expected that the latter would also be resistant to strongly skewed data distributions. The kriging techniques used included the commonly used ordinary kriging, simple kriging useful for standardized data and the non-linear median indicator kriging technique. It was confirmed that normalization (anamorphosis) is the most useful and less laborious geostatistical procedure of those suitable for such data, which results in a standardized normal distribution. The second, not obvious statement for highly skewed data distributions suggests that the non-ergodic inverted covariance (InvCov) estimator of variogram has an advantage over the Matheron’s estimator. It gives a better assessment of the C0 (nugget effect) and C (sill) parameters of the spatial variability model. Such a conclusion can be drawn from the fact that the higher the estimation of the relative nugget effect 172 Sowińska-Botor et al. 2023 / Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi – Mineral Resources Management 39(3), 149–172 L = C0/(C0 + C) using the InvCov estimator, the weaker the correlation between the kriging estimates and the observed values. The values of the coefficient L estimates obtained by using the Matheron’s estimator do not meet this expectation. Ranking pRzydatności wybRanych metod inteRpolacji geostatystycznej w waRunkach silnie skośnych Rozkładów danych sejsmicznych: studium pRzypadku basenu bałtyckiego (polska) S ł o w a k l u c z o w e sejsmika, przetwarzanie danych, strefa przypowierzchniowa, niepewność, zmienność S t r e s z c z e n i e w ramach studium przypadku w rejonie basenu bałtyckiego przetestowano przydatność kilku mało pracochłonnych procedur geostatystycznych do interpolacji silnie skośnych rozkładów danych sejsmicznych. Były one kombinacją różnych estymatorów modelu zmienności przestrzennej (wariogramu teoretycznego) i technik krigingu, wraz ze wstępną transformacją danych do rozkładu normalnego lub jej brakiem. Transformacja ta polegała na logarytmowaniu bądź na normalizacji z użyciem techniki anamorfozy. zastosowano dwie odmiany estymatora wariogramu teoretycznego: powszechnie stosowany klasyczny estymator Matherona oraz estymator odwróconej kowariancji (InvCov) odporny na dane nieergodyczne. Spodziewano się, że ten drugi okaże się również odporny na silnie sko
{"title":"Ranking of the utility of selected geostatistical interpolation methods in conditions of highly skewed seismic data distributions: a case study of the Baltic Basin (Poland)","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/gsm.2023.147555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/gsm.2023.147555","url":null,"abstract":"The suitability of several low-labor geostatistical procedures in the interpolation of highly positively skewed seismic data distributions was tested in the Baltic Basin. These procedures were a combination of various estimators of the model of spatial variation (theoretical variogram) and kriging techniques, together with the initial data transformation to normal distribution or lack thereof. This transformation consisted of logarithmization or normalization using the anamorphosis technique. Two variations of the theoretical variogram estimator were used: the commonly used classical Matheron estimator and the inverse covariance estimator (InvCov), which is robust with regard to non-ergodic data. It was expected that the latter would also be resistant to strongly skewed data distributions. The kriging techniques used included the commonly used ordinary kriging, simple kriging useful for standardized data and the non-linear median indicator kriging technique. It was confirmed that normalization (anamorphosis) is the most useful and less laborious geostatistical procedure of those suitable for such data, which results in a standardized normal distribution. The second, not obvious statement for highly skewed data distributions suggests that the non-ergodic inverted covariance (InvCov) estimator of variogram has an advantage over the Matheron’s estimator. It gives a better assessment of the C0 (nugget effect) and C (sill) parameters of the spatial variability model. Such a conclusion can be drawn from the fact that the higher the estimation of the relative nugget effect 172 Sowińska-Botor et al. 2023 / Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi – Mineral Resources Management 39(3), 149–172 L = C0/(C0 + C) using the InvCov estimator, the weaker the correlation between the kriging estimates and the observed values. The values of the coefficient L estimates obtained by using the Matheron’s estimator do not meet this expectation. Ranking pRzydatności wybRanych metod inteRpolacji geostatystycznej w waRunkach silnie skośnych Rozkładów danych sejsmicznych: studium pRzypadku basenu bałtyckiego (polska) S ł o w a k l u c z o w e sejsmika, przetwarzanie danych, strefa przypowierzchniowa, niepewność, zmienność S t r e s z c z e n i e w ramach studium przypadku w rejonie basenu bałtyckiego przetestowano przydatność kilku mało pracochłonnych procedur geostatystycznych do interpolacji silnie skośnych rozkładów danych sejsmicznych. Były one kombinacją różnych estymatorów modelu zmienności przestrzennej (wariogramu teoretycznego) i technik krigingu, wraz ze wstępną transformacją danych do rozkładu normalnego lub jej brakiem. Transformacja ta polegała na logarytmowaniu bądź na normalizacji z użyciem techniki anamorfozy. zastosowano dwie odmiany estymatora wariogramu teoretycznego: powszechnie stosowany klasyczny estymator Matherona oraz estymator odwróconej kowariancji (InvCov) odporny na dane nieergodyczne. Spodziewano się, że ten drugi okaże się również odporny na silnie sko","PeriodicalId":50416,"journal":{"name":"Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi-Mineral Resources Management","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2023.147554
with electrochemical sensors. The combustion of test samples was performed using an up-draft research furnace. The results show that the average total concentration of the tested pollutants emitted from the combustion of type 32 and type 33 coal is over 20% lower compared to the emission from the combustion of type 31 coal. Moreover, the concentration of carbon monoxide, the permissible levels of which are regulated by the chimney emission standards, is significantly lower during the combustion of type 32 and type 33 coal compared to the combustion of type 31 coal. Therefore, one of the ways to locally reduce pollutant emission from the combustion of solid fuels in home heating boilers might be the accurate choice of the type of hard coal used for heating. Before the use of coal stoves in households is completely dismissed, local regulations can be introduced to limit emissions in places where air quality indicators are exceeded and improve the health of the population
{"title":"The influence of combustion of various types of hard coal on the level of pollutant emission","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/gsm.2023.147554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/gsm.2023.147554","url":null,"abstract":"with electrochemical sensors. The combustion of test samples was performed using an up-draft research furnace. The results show that the average total concentration of the tested pollutants emitted from the combustion of type 32 and type 33 coal is over 20% lower compared to the emission from the combustion of type 31 coal. Moreover, the concentration of carbon monoxide, the permissible levels of which are regulated by the chimney emission standards, is significantly lower during the combustion of type 32 and type 33 coal compared to the combustion of type 31 coal. Therefore, one of the ways to locally reduce pollutant emission from the combustion of solid fuels in home heating boilers might be the accurate choice of the type of hard coal used for heating. Before the use of coal stoves in households is completely dismissed, local regulations can be introduced to limit emissions in places where air quality indicators are exceeded and improve the health of the population","PeriodicalId":50416,"journal":{"name":"Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi-Mineral Resources Management","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2023.147553
Sorting coal and gangue is important in raw coal production; accurately identifying coal and gangue is a prerequisite for effectively separating coal and gangue. The method of extracting coal and gangue using image grayscale information can effectively identify coal and gangue, but the recognition rate of the sorting process based on image grayscale information needs to substantially higher than that which is needed to meet production requirements. A sorting method of coal and gangue using object surface grayscale-gloss characteristics is proposed to improve the recognition rate of coal and gangue. Using different comparative experiments, bituminous coal from the Huainan area was used as the experimental object. It was found that the number of pixel points corresponding to the highest level grey value of the grayscale moment and illumination component of the coal and gangue images were combined into a total discriminant value and used as input for the best classification of coal and gangue using the GWO-SVM classification model. The recognition rate could reach up to 98.14%. This method sorts coal and gangue by combining surface greyness and glossiness features, 198 Cheng et al. 2023 / Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi – Mineral Resources Management 39(3), 173–198 optimizes the traditional greyness-based recognition method, improves the recognition rate, makes the model generalizable, enriches the research on coal and gangue recognition, and has theoretical and practical significance in enterprise production operations. Metoda sortowania węgla i skały Płonnej na Podstawie szarośCi i Połysku PowierzChni S ł o w a k l u c z o w e połysk, rozpoznawanie skały płonnej, rozpoznawanie obrazu, klasyfikacja nadzorowana, algorytm szarych wilków, maszyna wektorów nośnych S t r e s z c z e n i e Sortowanie węgla i skały płonnej jest ważne w produkcji węgla surowego; dokładna identyfikacja węgla i skały płonnej jest warunkiem wstępnym skutecznego oddzielenia tych surowców. Metoda rozdzielenia węgla i skały płonnej przy użyciu informacji w skali szarości obrazu może skutecznie identyfikować węgiel i skałę płonną, ale stopień rozpoznawania procesu sortowania w oparciu o te informacje być znacznie wyższy niż wymagany do spełnienia wymagań produkcyjnych. W artykule zaproponowano metodę sortowania węgla i skały płonnej wykorzystującą charakterystykę połysku i skali szarości powierzchni obiektu w celu poprawy szybkości rozpoznawania węgla i skały płonnej. W badaniach wykorzystano próbki węgla kamiennego z obszaru Huainan. Stwierdzono, że liczbę punktów pikseli odpowiadającą najwyższemu poziomowi szarości momentu w skali szarości i składowej oświetlenia obrazów węgla i skały płonnej połączono w całkowitą wartość dyskryminującą i wykorzystano jako dane wejściowe dla najlepszej klasyfikacji węgla i skały płonnej przy użyciu modelu klasyfikacji GWO-SVM. Wskaźnik rozpoznawalności może osiągnąć nawet 98,14%. Ta metoda sortowania węgla i skały płonnej poprzez połączenie ce
{"title":"A sorting method for coal and gangue based on surface grayness and glossiness","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/gsm.2023.147553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/gsm.2023.147553","url":null,"abstract":"Sorting coal and gangue is important in raw coal production; accurately identifying coal and gangue is a prerequisite for effectively separating coal and gangue. The method of extracting coal and gangue using image grayscale information can effectively identify coal and gangue, but the recognition rate of the sorting process based on image grayscale information needs to substantially higher than that which is needed to meet production requirements. A sorting method of coal and gangue using object surface grayscale-gloss characteristics is proposed to improve the recognition rate of coal and gangue. Using different comparative experiments, bituminous coal from the Huainan area was used as the experimental object. It was found that the number of pixel points corresponding to the highest level grey value of the grayscale moment and illumination component of the coal and gangue images were combined into a total discriminant value and used as input for the best classification of coal and gangue using the GWO-SVM classification model. The recognition rate could reach up to 98.14%. This method sorts coal and gangue by combining surface greyness and glossiness features, 198 Cheng et al. 2023 / Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi – Mineral Resources Management 39(3), 173–198 optimizes the traditional greyness-based recognition method, improves the recognition rate, makes the model generalizable, enriches the research on coal and gangue recognition, and has theoretical and practical significance in enterprise production operations. Metoda sortowania węgla i skały Płonnej na Podstawie szarośCi i Połysku PowierzChni S ł o w a k l u c z o w e połysk, rozpoznawanie skały płonnej, rozpoznawanie obrazu, klasyfikacja nadzorowana, algorytm szarych wilków, maszyna wektorów nośnych S t r e s z c z e n i e Sortowanie węgla i skały płonnej jest ważne w produkcji węgla surowego; dokładna identyfikacja węgla i skały płonnej jest warunkiem wstępnym skutecznego oddzielenia tych surowców. Metoda rozdzielenia węgla i skały płonnej przy użyciu informacji w skali szarości obrazu może skutecznie identyfikować węgiel i skałę płonną, ale stopień rozpoznawania procesu sortowania w oparciu o te informacje być znacznie wyższy niż wymagany do spełnienia wymagań produkcyjnych. W artykule zaproponowano metodę sortowania węgla i skały płonnej wykorzystującą charakterystykę połysku i skali szarości powierzchni obiektu w celu poprawy szybkości rozpoznawania węgla i skały płonnej. W badaniach wykorzystano próbki węgla kamiennego z obszaru Huainan. Stwierdzono, że liczbę punktów pikseli odpowiadającą najwyższemu poziomowi szarości momentu w skali szarości i składowej oświetlenia obrazów węgla i skały płonnej połączono w całkowitą wartość dyskryminującą i wykorzystano jako dane wejściowe dla najlepszej klasyfikacji węgla i skały płonnej przy użyciu modelu klasyfikacji GWO-SVM. Wskaźnik rozpoznawalności może osiągnąć nawet 98,14%. Ta metoda sortowania węgla i skały płonnej poprzez połączenie ce","PeriodicalId":50416,"journal":{"name":"Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi-Mineral Resources Management","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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