S. Pervez, R. Sahu, Y. Pervez, M. Deb, S. Tiwari, J. Matawle, S. Bano, M. Tripathi
Atmospheric PM2.5 pollution, has shown potential impact on the human health in general, thus it requires to look into the chemical characteristics of PM2.5 masses for designing effective policies to reduce health risks amongst public under exposure. The study carried out, here, has presented the ambient PM2.5 concentrations, concentrations of chemical components and associated health risks over rural and urban environments in the area of mineral based coal-fired industrial areas of central India for a period of one year (2015–16). Overall 260 PM2.5 samples, collected from rural, urban and industrial sites, were analyzed for various elements Al, As, Ca, Hg, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, K, Cd, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sb, Na, Mg, K, V and Zn, ions such as Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, F–, Cl–, NH4, NO3, SO4 and carbonaceous matter. The annual average PM2.5 mass concentrations were found to be ~2 to ~6 folds higher than the annual National Ambient Air Quality standard (40 μg m–3). Further this study also evaluates, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with ambient PM2.5 exposures (via ingestion, inhalation and dermal). The elemental species that have shown non-carcinogenic risks for both children and adults of all three sites are: Co, Mn, Ni (rural), As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, V (urban and industrial sites). Similarly, the excess carcinogenic risks, in total, from Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb was found to be higher than acceptable limits (10–6 to 10–4).
{"title":"Assessment and evaluation of ambient PM2.5 in relation to its health effects in mineral-based coal-fired areas","authors":"S. Pervez, R. Sahu, Y. Pervez, M. Deb, S. Tiwari, J. Matawle, S. Bano, M. Tripathi","doi":"10.15233/gfz.2020.37.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15233/gfz.2020.37.1","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric PM2.5 pollution, has shown potential impact on the human health in general, thus it requires to look into the chemical characteristics of PM2.5 masses for designing effective policies to reduce health risks amongst public under exposure. The study carried out, here, has presented the ambient PM2.5 concentrations, concentrations of chemical components and associated health risks over rural and urban environments in the area of mineral based coal-fired industrial areas of central India for a period of one year (2015–16). Overall 260 PM2.5 samples, collected from rural, urban and industrial sites, were analyzed for various elements Al, As, Ca, Hg, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, K, Cd, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sb, Na, Mg, K, V and Zn, ions such as Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, F–, Cl–, NH4, NO3, SO4 and carbonaceous matter. The annual average PM2.5 mass concentrations were found to be ~2 to ~6 folds higher than the annual National Ambient Air Quality standard (40 μg m–3). Further this study also evaluates, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with ambient PM2.5 exposures (via ingestion, inhalation and dermal). The elemental species that have shown non-carcinogenic risks for both children and adults of all three sites are: Co, Mn, Ni (rural), As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, V (urban and industrial sites). Similarly, the excess carcinogenic risks, in total, from Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb was found to be higher than acceptable limits (10–6 to 10–4).","PeriodicalId":50419,"journal":{"name":"Geofizika","volume":"37 1","pages":"67-90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15233/gfz.2020.37.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48595456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three simulation experiments were conducted on Typhoon (TC) “Sarika” (2016) using the WRF model, different effects of the latent heat in planetary boundary layer and cloud microphysical process on the TC were investigated. The control experiment well simulated the changes in TC track and intensity. The latent heat in planetary boundary layer or cloud microphysics process can affect the TC track and moving speed. Latent heat affects the TC strength by affecting the TC structure. Compared with the CTL experiment, both the NBL experiment and the NMP experiment show weakening in dynamics and thermodynamics characteristics of TC. Without the effect of latent heat, the TC cannot develop upwards and thus weakens in its intensity and reduces in precipitation; this weakening effect appears to be more obvious in the case of closing the latent heat in planetary boundary layer. The latent heat in planetary boundary layer mainly influences the generation and development of TC during the beginning stage, whereas the latent heat in cloud microphysical process is conducive to the strengthen and maintenance of TC in the mature stage. The latent heat energy of the cloud microphysical process in the TC core region is an order of magnitude larger than the surface enthalpy. But the latent heat release of cloud microphysical processes is not the most critical factor for TC enhancement, while the energy transfer of boundary layer processes is more important.
{"title":"Different effects of latent heat in planetary boundary layer and cloud microphysical processes on Typhoon Sarika (2016)","authors":"Jiangnan Li, Youlong Chen, Wenshi Lin, Fangzhou Li, Chenghui Ding","doi":"10.15233/gfz.2020.37.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15233/gfz.2020.37.4","url":null,"abstract":"Three simulation experiments were conducted on Typhoon (TC) “Sarika” (2016) using the WRF model, different effects of the latent heat in planetary boundary layer and cloud microphysical process on the TC were investigated. The control experiment well simulated the changes in TC track and intensity. The latent heat in planetary boundary layer or cloud microphysics process can affect the TC track and moving speed. Latent heat affects the TC strength by affecting the TC structure. Compared with the CTL experiment, both the NBL experiment and the NMP experiment show weakening in dynamics and thermodynamics characteristics of TC. Without the effect of latent heat, the TC cannot develop upwards and thus weakens in its intensity and reduces in precipitation; this weakening effect appears to be more obvious in the case of closing the latent heat in planetary boundary layer. The latent heat in planetary boundary layer mainly influences the generation and development of TC during the beginning stage, whereas the latent heat in cloud microphysical process is conducive to the strengthen and maintenance of TC in the mature stage. The latent heat energy of the cloud microphysical process in the TC core region is an order of magnitude larger than the surface enthalpy. But the latent heat release of cloud microphysical processes is not the most critical factor for TC enhancement, while the energy transfer of boundary layer processes is more important.","PeriodicalId":50419,"journal":{"name":"Geofizika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15233/gfz.2020.37.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49460191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wind energy is a weather and climate-dependent energy resource with natural spatio-temporal variabilities at time scales ranging from fraction of seconds to seasons and years, while at spatial scales it is strongly affected by the terrain and vegetation. To optimize wind energy systems and maximize the energy extraction, wind measurements on various time scales as well as wind energy forecasts are required and needed. This study focuses on spatio-temporal characteristics of the wind velocity in complex terrain, relevant to wind energy assessment, operation, and grid integration, using data collected at 11 towers ranging from 40 to 80 m tall over a 12-year period in complex terrain of westerncentral and northern Nevada, USA. The autocorrelation analysis, Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) and Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis (DCCA) showed strong coherence between the wind speed and direction with slowly decreasing amplitude of the multi-day periodicity with increasing lag periods. Besides pronounced diurnal periodicity at all locations, statistical analysis and DFA also showed significant seasonal and annual periodicities, long-memory persistence with similar characteristics at all sites and towers with a relatively narrow range of the Weibull parameters. The DCCA indicates similar wind patterns at each tower, and strong correlations between measurement sites in spite of separations of about 300 km across the towers’ setup. The northern Nevada area exhibits higher wind resource potential and higher wind persistence compared to the western-central region. Overall, the DFA and DCCA results suggest higher degree of complementarity among wind data at measurement sites compared to previous standard statistical analysis.
{"title":"Regional analysis of wind velocity patterns in complex terrain","authors":"R. Belu, D. Koracin","doi":"10.15233/gfz.2019.36.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15233/gfz.2019.36.6","url":null,"abstract":"Wind energy is a weather and climate-dependent energy resource with natural spatio-temporal variabilities at time scales ranging from fraction of seconds to seasons and years, while at spatial scales it is strongly affected by the terrain and vegetation. To optimize wind energy systems and maximize the energy extraction, wind measurements on various time scales as well as wind energy forecasts are required and needed. This study focuses on spatio-temporal characteristics of the wind velocity in complex terrain, relevant to wind energy assessment, operation, and grid integration, using data collected at 11 towers ranging from 40 to 80 m tall over a 12-year period in complex terrain of westerncentral and northern Nevada, USA. The autocorrelation analysis, Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) and Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis (DCCA) showed strong coherence between the wind speed and direction with slowly decreasing amplitude of the multi-day periodicity with increasing lag periods. Besides pronounced diurnal periodicity at all locations, statistical analysis and DFA also showed significant seasonal and annual periodicities, long-memory persistence with similar characteristics at all sites and towers with a relatively narrow range of the Weibull parameters. The DCCA indicates similar wind patterns at each tower, and strong correlations between measurement sites in spite of separations of about 300 km across the towers’ setup. The northern Nevada area exhibits higher wind resource potential and higher wind persistence compared to the western-central region. Overall, the DFA and DCCA results suggest higher degree of complementarity among wind data at measurement sites compared to previous standard statistical analysis.","PeriodicalId":50419,"journal":{"name":"Geofizika","volume":"36 1","pages":"111-130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15233/gfz.2019.36.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44741603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work gives an overview on how the projected changes in the extremes in Poland might impact human health and economy. For that purpose, statisti-cally corrected data from 7 regional climate models were used. A significant increase of extreme hot events (i.e. heat waves, tropical nights) is projected for Central and Southern Poland for the end of the 21st century which might seri-ously affect a society living in large urban areas. Less extreme cold events im-prove thermal comfort in winter. The negative impact of the warming will affect energy systems with higher demand for electricity in summer and agriculture: an earlier beginning of the growing season and flower blooming will enhance the risk of frost damages in spring, whereas excessive heat will reduce yields in summer. Polish tourism should benefit from higher thermal comfort (except for hot July and August in the far future and warming in the winter season bring-ing snow cover depletion in the near future).
{"title":"General overview of the potential effect of extreme temperature change on society and economyin Poland in the 21st century","authors":"Joanna Jędruszkiewicz, J. Wibig","doi":"10.15233/GFZ.2019.36.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15233/GFZ.2019.36.14","url":null,"abstract":"This work gives an overview on how the projected changes in the extremes in Poland might impact human health and economy. For that purpose, statisti-cally corrected data from 7 regional climate models were used. A significant increase of extreme hot events (i.e. heat waves, tropical nights) is projected for Central and Southern Poland for the end of the 21st century which might seri-ously affect a society living in large urban areas. Less extreme cold events im-prove thermal comfort in winter. The negative impact of the warming will affect energy systems with higher demand for electricity in summer and agriculture: an earlier beginning of the growing season and flower blooming will enhance the risk of frost damages in spring, whereas excessive heat will reduce yields in summer. Polish tourism should benefit from higher thermal comfort (except for hot July and August in the far future and warming in the winter season bring-ing snow cover depletion in the near future).","PeriodicalId":50419,"journal":{"name":"Geofizika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15233/GFZ.2019.36.14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45281132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We studied, by the mono- and multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), time fluctuations in the dynamics of seismoacoustic data, recorded in Karymshina site, which is located in a seismic area of Kamchatka. We took a series of seismoacoustic responses to the regional seismic events with the mag-nitudes M > 4 for the period 2017–2018. The series was divided into three groups (high, medium and low) based on the amplitude of recorded seismoacoustic re-sponse. Background noise segments of the signals demonstrated monofractal behavior similar to white noise by almost constant values of generalized Hurst exponent Hq≈0.5 and very small width of the multifractal spectrum Δa ≈ 0.1. Analysis of the high amplitude seismoacoustic signals with clear P-, S- and coda waves showed that P- and S-waves demonstrate wider multifractal spectrum (ΔaP = 0.37, ΔaS = 0.35) and range of generalized Hurst exponents Hq in com-parison with coda wave, characterized by almost constant Hq and minimal width of multifractal spectrum (ΔaCODA = 0.13). We showed that the properties of the multifractal spectrum could be used in detection of seismic wave arrival, estima-tion its duration and separation of P-, S- and coda waves. Application of the monofractal DFA in a sliding window showed that the acoustic signal transits from monofractal and uncorrelated background noise (Hurst exponent equals to 0.5) into the long-range dependent state during seismic waves arrival, that is helpful in analysis of the signals, particularly in case of low amplitude acous-tic responses, usually demonstrating an unclear waveform. Difference in mul-tifractal spectrum width between the original low amplitude signal and its sur-rogates, obtained by random shuffling showed that the multifractality in the signal is dominantly due to long-range correlations.
{"title":"Fractal analysis of seismoacoustic signals of near-surface sedimentary rocks in Kamchatka","authors":"S. Imashev, M. Mishchenko, M. Cheshev","doi":"10.15233/GFZ.2019.36.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15233/GFZ.2019.36.15","url":null,"abstract":"We studied, by the mono- and multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), time fluctuations in the dynamics of seismoacoustic data, recorded in Karymshina site, which is located in a seismic area of Kamchatka. We took a series of seismoacoustic responses to the regional seismic events with the mag-nitudes M > 4 for the period 2017–2018. The series was divided into three groups (high, medium and low) based on the amplitude of recorded seismoacoustic re-sponse. Background noise segments of the signals demonstrated monofractal behavior similar to white noise by almost constant values of generalized Hurst exponent Hq≈0.5 and very small width of the multifractal spectrum Δa ≈ 0.1. Analysis of the high amplitude seismoacoustic signals with clear P-, S- and coda waves showed that P- and S-waves demonstrate wider multifractal spectrum (ΔaP = 0.37, ΔaS = 0.35) and range of generalized Hurst exponents Hq in com-parison with coda wave, characterized by almost constant Hq and minimal width of multifractal spectrum (ΔaCODA = 0.13). We showed that the properties of the multifractal spectrum could be used in detection of seismic wave arrival, estima-tion its duration and separation of P-, S- and coda waves. Application of the monofractal DFA in a sliding window showed that the acoustic signal transits from monofractal and uncorrelated background noise (Hurst exponent equals to 0.5) into the long-range dependent state during seismic waves arrival, that is helpful in analysis of the signals, particularly in case of low amplitude acous-tic responses, usually demonstrating an unclear waveform. Difference in mul-tifractal spectrum width between the original low amplitude signal and its sur-rogates, obtained by random shuffling showed that the multifractality in the signal is dominantly due to long-range correlations.","PeriodicalId":50419,"journal":{"name":"Geofizika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15233/GFZ.2019.36.15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41639842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Varga, Marijan Grgić, Olga Bjelotomić Oršulić, Tomislav Bašić
High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) have become available in the last decade. They are used in geodesy and geophysics as the main data for modeling of topographic mass effects included in gravimetric and gradiometric measurements. In modeling process, gravimeric terrain correction is the central quantity which accounts for the variations of topographic masses around measured stations. This study deals with one segment of terrain correction computation: the impact of the resolution of digital elevation models. Computations are performed on study area of Republic of Croatia. Newly created DEM/DBM for the study area is created from global digital surface model ASTER for continental area, and digital bathymetric model GEBCO for the sea area. DEMs with lower resolution were created by resampling of the created ASTER/GEBCO DEM/DBM in 1″ resolution. Terrain correction map is computed and published for the first time for the Republic of Croatia. The differences between terrain correction solutions obtained by using lower resolution DEMs compared to the solution obtained by using DEM with 1″ are indicating average influence of DEM resolution on terrain correction from 0,5·10–5 to 3·10–5 ms–2, for DEMs with lower resolution than 5″. The results also reveal that rugged and mountainous areas are particularly problematic in such computations.
{"title":"Influence of digital elevation model resolution on gravimetric terrain correction over a study-area of Croatia","authors":"M. Varga, Marijan Grgić, Olga Bjelotomić Oršulić, Tomislav Bašić","doi":"10.15233/GFZ.2019.36.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15233/GFZ.2019.36.1","url":null,"abstract":"High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) have become available in the last decade. They are used in geodesy and geophysics as the main data for modeling of topographic mass effects included in gravimetric and gradiometric measurements. In modeling process, gravimeric terrain correction is the central quantity which accounts for the variations of topographic masses around measured stations. This study deals with one segment of terrain correction computation: the impact of the resolution of digital elevation models. Computations are performed on study area of Republic of Croatia. Newly created DEM/DBM for the study area is created from global digital surface model ASTER for continental area, and digital bathymetric model GEBCO for the sea area. DEMs with lower resolution were created by resampling of the created ASTER/GEBCO DEM/DBM in 1″ resolution. Terrain correction map is computed and published for the first time for the Republic of Croatia. The differences between terrain\u0000correction solutions obtained by using lower resolution DEMs compared to the solution obtained by using DEM with 1″ are indicating average influence of DEM resolution on terrain correction from 0,5·10–5 to 3·10–5 ms–2, for DEMs with lower resolution than 5″. The results also reveal that rugged and mountainous areas are particularly problematic in such computations.","PeriodicalId":50419,"journal":{"name":"Geofizika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44392501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bhattacharya, S. D. Kotal, S. Nath, S. Bhowmik, P. K. Kundu
A Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) based objective intensity prediction approach has been explored for prediction of tropical cyclone intensity over the North Indian Ocean (NIO) using ECMWF model outputs. The intensity of a tropical cyclone is classified by the maximum sustained wind (10-min mean) according to World Meteorological Organization (WMO). An empirical relationship between the difference of the model’s maximum mean sea level pressure (MSLP) inside a 6° × 6° grid box around the centre of the system and the lowest mean sea level pressure at the centre of the system (ΔP) with the observed intensity is developed using over 100 analyses during 2010–2012. The same is used to predict intensity of very severe cyclonic storm Hudhud and a Deep Depression observed over the Bay of Bengal during 2014. The results show that the empirical equation is skillful in prediction of intensity as compared to predictions computed using the relationship Vmax = K DP with different constant values of K. The error analyses show that the relative error in intensity prediction using the empirical equation derived in the present study is 34% less than the same using K = 14.2 kt / hPa in Vmax = K DP with an improvement which is significant at the level of 0.95.
本文探讨了一种基于数值天气预报(NWP)的客观强度预测方法，利用ECMWF模式输出对北印度洋(NIO)热带气旋强度进行预测。根据世界气象组织(WMO)，热带气旋的强度是以最大持续风力(平均10分钟)来划分的。利用2010-2012年期间的100多次分析，建立了系统中心周围6°× 6°格框内模式最大平均海平面压力(MSLP)与系统中心最低平均海平面压力(ΔP)的差值与观测强度之间的经验关系。同样的方法也用于预测2014年在孟加拉湾观测到的非常严重的气旋风暴Hudhud和深度低气压的强度。结果表明，与使用不同K常数值的Vmax = K DP关系进行预测相比，经验方程能够较好地预测强度。误差分析表明，使用本文导出的经验方程进行强度预测的相对误差比使用K = 14.2 kt / hPa进行强度预测的相对误差小34%，在0.95水平上有显著改善。
{"title":"Tropical cyclone intensity prediction over the North Indian Ocean - An NWP based objective approach","authors":"S. Bhattacharya, S. D. Kotal, S. Nath, S. Bhowmik, P. K. Kundu","doi":"10.15233/GFZ.2018.35.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15233/GFZ.2018.35.8","url":null,"abstract":"A Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) based objective intensity prediction approach has been explored for prediction of tropical cyclone intensity over the North Indian Ocean (NIO) using ECMWF model outputs. The intensity of a tropical cyclone is classified by the maximum sustained wind (10-min mean) according to World Meteorological Organization (WMO). An empirical relationship between the difference of the model’s maximum mean sea level pressure (MSLP) inside a 6° × 6° grid box around the centre of the system and the lowest mean sea level pressure at the centre of the system (ΔP) with the observed intensity is developed using over 100 analyses during 2010–2012. The same is used to predict intensity of very severe cyclonic storm Hudhud and a Deep Depression observed over the Bay of Bengal during 2014. The results show that the empirical equation is skillful in prediction of intensity as compared to predictions computed using the relationship Vmax = K DP with different constant values of K. The error analyses show that the relative error in intensity prediction using the empirical equation derived in the present study is 34% less than the same using K = 14.2 kt / hPa in Vmax = K DP with an improvement which is significant at the level of 0.95.","PeriodicalId":50419,"journal":{"name":"Geofizika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15233/GFZ.2018.35.8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43447847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Molinari, I. Dasović, J. Stipčević, V. Šipka, E. Kissling, J. Clinton, S. Salimbeni, S. Prevolnik, D. Giardini, S. Wiemer, D. Jarić
The tectonics of the Adriatic microplate is not well constrained and remains controversial, especially at its contact with the Dinarides, where it acts as the lower plate. While the northern part of the Adriatic microplate will be accurately imaged within the AlpArray project, its central and southern parts deserve detailed studies to obtain a complete picture of its structure and evolution. We set-up the Central Adriatic Seismic Experiment (CASE) as a AlpArray Complementary Experiment with a temporary seismic network to provide high- quality seismological data as a foundation for research with state-of-the-art methods and high-precision seismic images of the controversial area. The international AlpArray- CASE project involves four institutions: the Department of Earth Sciences and the Swiss Seismological Service of ETH Zurich (CH), the Department of Geophysics of the Faculty of Science at the University of Zagreb (HR), the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of the Republic of Srpska (BIH) and Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (I). The established temporary seismic network will be operational for at least 18 months. It combines existing permanent and temporary seismic stations operated by the involved institutions together with newly deployed temporary seismic stations, installed in November and December 2016, managed by ETH Zurich and INGV: five in Croatia, four in Bosnia and Herzegovina and one in Italy. We present our scientific aims and network geometry as well as newly deployed stations sites and settings. In particular, the new stations show favourable noise level (power spectral density estimates). The new network improves considerably the theoretical ray coverage for ambient noise tomography and the magnitude threshold shown in the Bayesian magnitude of completeness threshold map.
{"title":"Investigation of the Central Adriatic lithosphere structure with the AlpArray-CASE seismic experiment","authors":"I. Molinari, I. Dasović, J. Stipčević, V. Šipka, E. Kissling, J. Clinton, S. Salimbeni, S. Prevolnik, D. Giardini, S. Wiemer, D. Jarić","doi":"10.15233/GFZ.2018.35.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15233/GFZ.2018.35.6","url":null,"abstract":"The tectonics of the Adriatic microplate is not well constrained and remains controversial, especially at its contact with the Dinarides, where it acts as the lower plate. While the northern part of the Adriatic microplate will be accurately imaged within the AlpArray project, its central and southern parts deserve detailed studies to obtain a complete picture of its structure and evolution. We set-up the Central Adriatic Seismic Experiment (CASE) as a AlpArray Complementary Experiment with a temporary seismic network to provide high- quality seismological data as a foundation for research with state-of-the-art methods and high-precision seismic images of the controversial area. The international AlpArray- CASE project involves four institutions: the Department of Earth Sciences and the Swiss Seismological Service of ETH Zurich (CH), the Department of Geophysics of the Faculty of Science at the University of Zagreb (HR), the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of the Republic of Srpska (BIH) and Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (I). The established temporary seismic network will be operational for at least 18 months. It combines existing permanent and temporary seismic stations operated by the involved institutions together with newly deployed temporary seismic stations, installed in November and December 2016, managed by ETH Zurich and INGV: five in Croatia, four in Bosnia and Herzegovina and one in Italy. We present our scientific aims and network geometry as well as newly deployed stations sites and settings. In particular, the new stations show favourable noise level (power spectral density estimates). The new network improves considerably the theoretical ray coverage for ambient noise tomography and the magnitude threshold shown in the Bayesian magnitude of completeness threshold map.","PeriodicalId":50419,"journal":{"name":"Geofizika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42311706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, digital elevation model (DEM) acts as an inevitable component in the field of remote sensing and GIS. DEM reflects the physical surface of the earth helps to understand the nature of terrain by means of interpreting the landscape using modern techniques and high-resolution satellite images. To understand and analyze the nature of the terrain, DEM is required in many fields in the improvement of developing the product and decision making, mapping purpose, preparing 3D simulations, estimating river channel and creating contour maps to extract the elevation and so on. DEM in various applications will be useful to replicate the overall importance of the availability of worldwide, consistent, high-quality digital elevation models. The present article represents the overall review of DEMs, its generation, development using various techniques derived from topographic maps and high-resolution satellite images over a decade to present. It is useful to understand the nature of topography, address the practical problems and fix them by applying innovative ideas, upcoming high-resolution satellite images and techniques.
{"title":"Review and critical analysis on digital elevation models","authors":"S. Lakshmi, K. Yarrakula","doi":"10.15233/GFZ.2018.35.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15233/GFZ.2018.35.7","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, digital elevation model (DEM) acts as an inevitable component in the field of remote sensing and GIS. DEM reflects the physical surface of the earth helps to understand the nature of terrain by means of interpreting the landscape using modern techniques and high-resolution satellite images. To understand and analyze the nature of the terrain, DEM is required in many fields in the improvement of developing the product and decision making, mapping purpose, preparing 3D simulations, estimating river channel and creating contour maps to extract the elevation and so on. DEM in various applications will be useful to replicate the overall importance of the availability of worldwide, consistent, high-quality digital elevation models. The present article represents the overall review of DEMs, its generation, development using various techniques derived from topographic maps and high-resolution satellite images over a decade to present. It is useful to understand the nature of topography, address the practical problems and fix them by applying innovative ideas, upcoming high-resolution satellite images and techniques.","PeriodicalId":50419,"journal":{"name":"Geofizika","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15233/GFZ.2018.35.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42165531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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