The generation of forensic DNA profiles consisting of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is now being facilitated by wider adoption of next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods in casework laboratories. At the same time, and in part because of this advance, there is an intense focus on the generation of SNP profiles from evidentiary specimens for so-called forensic or investigative genetic genealogy (FGG or IGG) applications. However, FGG methods are constrained by the algorithms for genealogical database searches, which were designed for use with single-source profiles, and the fact that many forensic samples are mixtures. To enable the use of two-person mixtures for FGG, we developed a workflow, MixDeR, for the deconvolution of mixed SNP profiles. MixDeR, a flexible and easy to use R package and Shiny app, processes ForenSeq Kintelligence® (QIAGEN, Inc.) SNP genotyping results and directs deconvolution of the profiles in EuroForMix (EFM). MixDeR then filters the EFM outputs to produce inferred single-source genotypes in reports formatted for use with GEDmatch® PRO. An optional MixDeR output includes metrics that assist with testing and validation of the workflow. As the Shiny app provides a graphical user interface and the software is designed to be run offline, MixDeR should be suitable for use by any laboratory developing FGG capabilities, no matter their bioinformatic resources or expertise.
{"title":"MixDeR: A SNP mixture deconvolution workflow for forensic genetic genealogy","authors":"Rebecca Mitchell , Michelle Peck , Erin Gorden , Rebecca Just","doi":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The generation of forensic DNA profiles consisting of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is now being facilitated by wider adoption of next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods in casework laboratories. At the same time, and in part because of this advance, there is an intense focus on the generation of SNP profiles from evidentiary specimens for so-called forensic or investigative genetic genealogy (FGG or IGG) applications. However, FGG methods are constrained by the algorithms for genealogical database searches, which were designed for use with single-source profiles, and the fact that many forensic samples are mixtures. To enable the use of two-person mixtures for FGG, we developed a workflow, MixDeR, for the deconvolution of mixed SNP profiles. MixDeR, a flexible and easy to use R package and Shiny app, processes ForenSeq Kintelligence® (QIAGEN, Inc.) SNP genotyping results and directs deconvolution of the profiles in EuroForMix (EFM). MixDeR then filters the EFM outputs to produce inferred single-source genotypes in reports formatted for use with GEDmatch® PRO. An optional MixDeR output includes metrics that assist with testing and validation of the workflow. As the Shiny app provides a graphical user interface and the software is designed to be run offline, MixDeR should be suitable for use by any laboratory developing FGG capabilities, no matter their bioinformatic resources or expertise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International-Genetics","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 103224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103226
Erik A.C. de Jong , Melanie H.J. Arts , Kristiaan J. van der Gaag , Pieter A.M. van Oers , Joop P.G. Theelen
Forensic science takes advantage of population variability in autosomal Short Tandem Repeat (STR) lengths to establish human identification. The most common method for DNA profiling by STR is based on PCR, where the highly polymorphic STR regions are amplified and analysed using Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) or Massively Parallel Sequencing (MPS). MPS determines not only the repeat length, but also the repeat structure and variations in the flanking regions, making this method superior in discriminatory power compared to CE. Reverse Complement PCR (RC-PCR) is a novel, more sophisticated PCR based MPS library preparation method combining indexing and PCR amplification in a single closed-tube reaction. In this document we describe the complete developmental validation of the IDseek® OmniSTR™ kit, an RC-PCR based MPS library preparation kit. The developed IDseek® OmniSTR™ kit contains 28 autosomal STR targets, one Y-chromosomal STR and the Amelogenin gene covering all relevant STR core loci from the USA, EU, UK and Interpol.
{"title":"Developmental validation of the IDseek® OmniSTR™ global autosomal STR profiling kit.","authors":"Erik A.C. de Jong , Melanie H.J. Arts , Kristiaan J. van der Gaag , Pieter A.M. van Oers , Joop P.G. Theelen","doi":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forensic science takes advantage of population variability in autosomal Short Tandem Repeat (STR) lengths to establish human identification. The most common method for DNA profiling by STR is based on PCR, where the highly polymorphic STR regions are amplified and analysed using Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) or Massively Parallel Sequencing (MPS). MPS determines not only the repeat length, but also the repeat structure and variations in the flanking regions, making this method superior in discriminatory power compared to CE. Reverse Complement PCR (RC-PCR) is a novel, more sophisticated PCR based MPS library preparation method combining indexing and PCR amplification in a single closed-tube reaction. In this document we describe the complete developmental validation of the IDseek® OmniSTR™ kit, an RC-PCR based MPS library preparation kit. The developed IDseek® OmniSTR™ kit contains 28 autosomal STR targets, one Y-chromosomal STR and the Amelogenin gene covering all relevant STR core loci from the USA, EU, UK and Interpol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International-Genetics","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 103226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103222
Peter Gill , Ane Elida Fonneløp , Tacha Hicks , Stavroulla Xenophontos , Marios Cariolou , Roland van Oorschot , Iris Buckel , Viktorija Sukser , Sunčica Papić , Siniša Merkaš , Ana Kostic , Angela Marques Pereira , Christina Teutsch , Christina Forsberg , Cordula Haas , Elizabet Petkovski , Fabian Hass , Jan Masek , Jelena Stosic , Yong Sheng Lee , Ingo Bastisch
The ReAct (Recovery, Activity) project is an ENFSI (European Network of Forensic Science Institutes) supported initiative comprising a large consortium of laboratories. Here, the results from more than 23 laboratories are presented. The primary purpose was to design experiments simulating typical casework circumstances; collect data and to implement Bayesian networks to assess the value (i.e., likelihood ratio) of DNA results given activity level propositions. Two different experimental designs were used to simulate a robbery, where a screwdriver was used to force a door or window. Propositions and case information were chosen following laboratory feedback listing typical casework circumstances (included in the paper). In a direct transfer experiment, the defendant owned and used the screwdriver, but he did not force the door/window in question. An unknown person used the defendant’s stolen screwdriver. In an indirect transfer experiment, the defendant neither owned, saw, nor used the screwdriver, nor did they force the door or window. For the second experiment, given the defence view, the defendant never held the screwdriver. We envisaged the situation where an object manipulated by the defendant (or the defendant himself/herself) would be touched by the unknown offender who would then force the window. It was found for the direct transfer experiment that unless a single contributor profile aligning with the known person’s of interest profile was retrieved, the results did not allow to discriminate between propositions. On the other hand, for the indirect transfer experiment, both single and major contributor profiles that aligned with the person of interest (POI) supported the proposition that the person used the tool rather than an unknown person who had touched an object, when indeed the former was true. There was considerable variation in median recoveries of DNA between laboratories (between 200pg–5ng) for a given experiment if quantities are taken into account. These differences affect the likelihood ratios given activity level propositions. More than 2700 samples were analysed in the course of this study. Two different Bayesian Networks are made available via an open source application written in Shiny R: Shiny_React(). For comparison, all datasets were analysed using a qualitative method categorised into absent, single, major or other given contributors. The importance of standardising methods is emphasised, alongside the necessity of developing new approaches to assign the probability of laboratory-dependent DNA recovery. Freely accessible open databases play a crucial role in supporting these efforts.
{"title":"The ReAct project: Analysis of data from 23 different laboratories to characterise DNA recovery given two sets of activity level propositions","authors":"Peter Gill , Ane Elida Fonneløp , Tacha Hicks , Stavroulla Xenophontos , Marios Cariolou , Roland van Oorschot , Iris Buckel , Viktorija Sukser , Sunčica Papić , Siniša Merkaš , Ana Kostic , Angela Marques Pereira , Christina Teutsch , Christina Forsberg , Cordula Haas , Elizabet Petkovski , Fabian Hass , Jan Masek , Jelena Stosic , Yong Sheng Lee , Ingo Bastisch","doi":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ReAct (Recovery, Activity) project is an ENFSI (European Network of Forensic Science Institutes) supported initiative comprising a large consortium of laboratories. Here, the results from more than 23 laboratories are presented. The primary purpose was to design experiments simulating typical casework circumstances; collect data and to implement Bayesian networks to assess the value (i.e., likelihood ratio) of DNA results given activity level propositions. Two different experimental designs were used to simulate a robbery, where a screwdriver was used to force a door or window. Propositions and case information were chosen following laboratory feedback listing typical casework circumstances (included in the paper). In a direct transfer experiment, the defendant owned and used the screwdriver, but he did not force the door/window in question. An unknown person used the defendant’s stolen screwdriver. In an indirect transfer experiment, the defendant neither owned, saw, nor used the screwdriver, nor did they force the door or window. For the second experiment, given the defence view, the defendant never held the screwdriver. We envisaged the situation where an object manipulated by the defendant (or the defendant himself/herself) would be touched by the unknown offender who would then force the window. It was found for the direct transfer experiment that unless a single contributor profile aligning with the known person’s of interest profile was retrieved, the results did not allow to discriminate between propositions. On the other hand, for the indirect transfer experiment, both single and major contributor profiles that aligned with the person of interest (POI) supported the proposition that the person used the tool rather than an unknown person who had touched an object, when indeed the former was true. There was considerable variation in median recoveries of DNA between laboratories (between 200pg–5ng) for a given experiment if quantities are taken into account. These differences affect the likelihood ratios given activity level propositions. More than 2700 samples were analysed in the course of this study. Two different Bayesian Networks are made available via an open source application written in Shiny R: <span>Shiny_React()</span>. For comparison, all datasets were analysed using a qualitative method categorised into absent, single, major or other given contributors. The importance of standardising methods is emphasised, alongside the necessity of developing new approaches to assign the probability of laboratory-dependent DNA recovery. Freely accessible open databases play a crucial role in supporting these efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International-Genetics","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 103222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103221
Ju Yeon Jung , Eunhye Kim , Yeon Woo Song , Dong Gyu Lee , Myung Jin Park , Hwan Young Lee , Manfred Kayser , Arwin Ralf , Eungsoo Kim
Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) at rapidly mutating (RM) loci have been suggested as tools for differentiating paternally related males. RMplex is a recently developed system that incorporates 26 RM loci and four fast-mutating (FM) loci, targeting 44 male-specific loci. Here, we evaluated the RMplex by estimating Y-STR mutation rates and the overall differentiation rates for 542 Korean father–son pairs, as well as the genetic population values for 409 unrelated males. RMplex performed well, distinguishing 50.7 % of the father–son pairs by at least one mutation, a value 10 times higher than the previously reported differentiation rate achieved using the PowerPlex® Y23 System. Of the 369 mutations, 361 (97.8 %) were single-step mutations, with locus-specific mutation rates varying from 1.8 × 10−3 to 1.1 × 10−1 mutations per generation, and an average mutation rate of 2.3 × 10−2. Gene diversity values ranged from 0.5696 for DYS442 to 0.9970 for DYF1000, and the haplotype discrimination capacity of unrelated males was 100 %. Among the loci studied, DYS712 exhibited the highest mutation rate in this study of the Korean population. Similarly, the mutation rate of this locus is reported to be substantially higher for the Japanese and Chinese populations than for European populations. These findings suggest that DYS712 mutations are relatively frequent in East Asian populations. Although we did not detect significant relationships among the Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism-based haplogroups, allele length was strongly correlated with the mutation rate at DYS712, which is consistent with previous studies. Although the incorporation of multi-copy loci into RMplex contributed significantly to the high mutation rates detected and to its discrimination capacity, this requires careful interpretation, owing to the potential for duplications. Nonetheless, these findings provide evidence regarding the suitability of the RMplex for distinguishing paternally related males in the Korean population.
{"title":"Evaluation of RMplex system for differentiating father–son pairs using Y-STRs in a Korean population","authors":"Ju Yeon Jung , Eunhye Kim , Yeon Woo Song , Dong Gyu Lee , Myung Jin Park , Hwan Young Lee , Manfred Kayser , Arwin Ralf , Eungsoo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) at rapidly mutating (RM) loci have been suggested as tools for differentiating paternally related males. RMplex is a recently developed system that incorporates 26 RM loci and four fast-mutating (FM) loci, targeting 44 male-specific loci. Here, we evaluated the RMplex by estimating Y-STR mutation rates and the overall differentiation rates for 542 Korean father–son pairs, as well as the genetic population values for 409 unrelated males. RMplex performed well, distinguishing 50.7 % of the father–son pairs by at least one mutation, a value 10 times higher than the previously reported differentiation rate achieved using the PowerPlex® Y23 System. Of the 369 mutations, 361 (97.8 %) were single-step mutations, with locus-specific mutation rates varying from 1.8 × 10<sup>−3</sup> to 1.1 × 10<sup>−1</sup> mutations per generation, and an average mutation rate of 2.3 × 10<sup>−2</sup>. Gene diversity values ranged from 0.5696 for DYS442 to 0.9970 for DYF1000, and the haplotype discrimination capacity of unrelated males was 100 %. Among the loci studied, DYS712 exhibited the highest mutation rate in this study of the Korean population. Similarly, the mutation rate of this locus is reported to be substantially higher for the Japanese and Chinese populations than for European populations. These findings suggest that DYS712 mutations are relatively frequent in East Asian populations. Although we did not detect significant relationships among the Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism-based haplogroups, allele length was strongly correlated with the mutation rate at DYS712, which is consistent with previous studies. Although the incorporation of multi-copy loci into RMplex contributed significantly to the high mutation rates detected and to its discrimination capacity, this requires careful interpretation, owing to the potential for duplications. Nonetheless, these findings provide evidence regarding the suitability of the RMplex for distinguishing paternally related males in the Korean population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International-Genetics","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 103221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103220
Catherine M. Grgicak , Klaas Slooten , Robert G. Cowell , Qhawe Bhembe , Desmond S. Lun
<div><div>Recent developments in single-cell analysis have revolutionized basic research and have garnered the attention of the forensic domain. Though single-cell analysis is not new to forensics, the ways in which these data can be generated and interpreted are. Modern interpretation strategies report likelihood ratios that rely on a model of the world that is a simplification of it. It is, therefore, plausible that different reasonable models will assign noticeably different weights of evidence (WoEs) to some of these data, resulting in inconsistent reports and protracted reviews of that evidence, potentially across years. With one goal of research being to identify and understand sources of inconsistencies during early stages, we undertake a study that evaluates WoE at the limit of one single-cell electropherogram (scEPG) across three architecturally distinct probabilistic models. The three are named EESCIt (Evidentiary Evaluation of Single Cells), TD (Top-Down), and DCM (Discrete Cell Model). To do this, we performance test the three models on a set of 996 individual scEPGs and conduct one H<sub>1</sub>-true, i.e., true contributor, and 201 H<sub>2</sub>-true, i.e., false contributor, tests, per scEPG. With the 201,192 outcomes per model, we confirm that scEPGs well resolve the hypotheses, regardless of what model was applied. We also observe that WoEs increase, on average, by 1 for every 1000 RFU of total intensity added until a plateau near the logarithm of the inverse of the random match probability is reached at ca. 22,000 RFU. By querying WoE calibration for each model, we determine if the evidence is over- or under-stated for any one of them. We find that for WoE ≥ -1 hardly any calibration discrepancy is observed. There were rare instances, however, for which WoEs that were ≤ -1 too strongly pointed in the negative direction, though H<sub>1</sub> was true. This was the result of five scEPGs that not only exhibited extreme signal in stutter positions, but also carried little information in other loci. These findings show that all three models appropriately stated WoEs for scEPGs when reporting positive WoE, and the two continuous model’s WoE reasonably represented the findings when WoE < -1 for most loci. To further explore, we continued with paired analyses that evaluated the agreement in WoE, per scEPG, across models. Unlike unpaired analyses, this evaluation determines if well performing models return equivalent results for the same scEPG. The paired analysis was summarized by way of intraclass correlations, which were at least 0.99997. Further, we found that 762 of 996 WoEs were within a range of 3 orders of magnitude of each other, though many of these were associated with WoEs that were large, i.e., > 9, in the first instance. When we more closely focus on scEPGs giving ranges ≥ 3, but whose WoE ≤ 9 for at least one of the models, we find there are 21 of them. When we perform a locus-by-locus investigation of these 21 and o
{"title":"The (in)dependence of single-cell data inferences on model constructs","authors":"Catherine M. Grgicak , Klaas Slooten , Robert G. Cowell , Qhawe Bhembe , Desmond S. Lun","doi":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent developments in single-cell analysis have revolutionized basic research and have garnered the attention of the forensic domain. Though single-cell analysis is not new to forensics, the ways in which these data can be generated and interpreted are. Modern interpretation strategies report likelihood ratios that rely on a model of the world that is a simplification of it. It is, therefore, plausible that different reasonable models will assign noticeably different weights of evidence (WoEs) to some of these data, resulting in inconsistent reports and protracted reviews of that evidence, potentially across years. With one goal of research being to identify and understand sources of inconsistencies during early stages, we undertake a study that evaluates WoE at the limit of one single-cell electropherogram (scEPG) across three architecturally distinct probabilistic models. The three are named EESCIt (Evidentiary Evaluation of Single Cells), TD (Top-Down), and DCM (Discrete Cell Model). To do this, we performance test the three models on a set of 996 individual scEPGs and conduct one H<sub>1</sub>-true, i.e., true contributor, and 201 H<sub>2</sub>-true, i.e., false contributor, tests, per scEPG. With the 201,192 outcomes per model, we confirm that scEPGs well resolve the hypotheses, regardless of what model was applied. We also observe that WoEs increase, on average, by 1 for every 1000 RFU of total intensity added until a plateau near the logarithm of the inverse of the random match probability is reached at ca. 22,000 RFU. By querying WoE calibration for each model, we determine if the evidence is over- or under-stated for any one of them. We find that for WoE ≥ -1 hardly any calibration discrepancy is observed. There were rare instances, however, for which WoEs that were ≤ -1 too strongly pointed in the negative direction, though H<sub>1</sub> was true. This was the result of five scEPGs that not only exhibited extreme signal in stutter positions, but also carried little information in other loci. These findings show that all three models appropriately stated WoEs for scEPGs when reporting positive WoE, and the two continuous model’s WoE reasonably represented the findings when WoE < -1 for most loci. To further explore, we continued with paired analyses that evaluated the agreement in WoE, per scEPG, across models. Unlike unpaired analyses, this evaluation determines if well performing models return equivalent results for the same scEPG. The paired analysis was summarized by way of intraclass correlations, which were at least 0.99997. Further, we found that 762 of 996 WoEs were within a range of 3 orders of magnitude of each other, though many of these were associated with WoEs that were large, i.e., > 9, in the first instance. When we more closely focus on scEPGs giving ranges ≥ 3, but whose WoE ≤ 9 for at least one of the models, we find there are 21 of them. When we perform a locus-by-locus investigation of these 21 and o","PeriodicalId":50435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International-Genetics","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 103220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expression of Concern “Population data of 17 Y-STR loci in Nanyang Han population from Henan Province, Central China” [Forensic Sci. Int. Gene. 13 (2014) 145–146]","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International-Genetics","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 103119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expression of Concern: “Genetic profile of 17 Y chromosome STRs in the Guizhou Han population of southwestern China” [Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 25 (2016) e6–e7]","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International-Genetics","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 103120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expression of concern: “Genetic polymorphisms of 17 Y chromosomal STRs in She and Manchu ethnic populations from China” [Forensic Sci. Int.: Genet. 22 (2016) e12–e14]","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International-Genetics","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 103114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143151052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expression of Concern: “Genetic population data of Yfiler Plus kit from 1434 unrelated Hans in Henan Province (Central China)” [Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 22 (2016) e25–e27]","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International-Genetics","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 103121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号