Fisheries Research最新文献

Good practices, trade-offs, and precautions for model diagnostics in integrated stock assessments 综合种群评估中模型诊断的良好做法、权衡和预防措施

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Fisheries Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2024.107206

Carvalho et al. (2021) provided a “cookbook” for implementing contemporary model diagnostics, which included convergence checks, examinations of fits to data, retrospective and hindcasting analyses, likelihood profiling, and model-free validation. However, it remains unclear whether these widely-used diagnostics exhibit consistent behavior in the presence of model misspecification, and whether there are trade-offs in diagnostic performance that the assessment community should consider. This illustrative study uses a statistical catch-at-age simulation framework to compare diagnostic performance across a spectrum of correctly specified and mis-specified assessment models that incorporate compositional, survey, and catch data. Results are used to contextualize how reliably common diagnostic tests perform given the degree and nature of known model issues, including parameter and model process misspecification, and combinations thereof, and trade-offs among model fits, prediction skill, and retrospective bias that analysts must consider as they evaluate diagnostic performance. A surprising number of mis-specified models were able to pass certain diagnostic tests, although there was a trend of more frequent failure with increased mis-specification for most diagnostic tests. Nearly all models that failed multiple tests were mis-specified, indicating the value of examining multiple diagnostics during model evaluation. Diagnostic performance was best (most sensitive) when recruitment variability was low and historical exploitation rates were high, likely due to the induction of better contrast in the data, particularly indices of abundance, under this scenario. These results suggest caution when using standalone diagnostic results as the basis for selecting a “best” assessment model, a set of models to include within an ensemble, or to inform model weighting. The discussion advises stock assessors to consider the interplay across multiple dynamics. Future work should evaluate how the resolution of the production function, quality and quantity of data time series, and exploitation history can influence diagnostic performance.

Carvalho 等人（2021 年）提供了实施当代模型诊断的 "食谱"，其中包括收敛性检查、数据拟合检查、追溯和后报分析、似然性剖析以及无模型验证。然而，目前仍不清楚这些广泛使用的诊断方法在模型不规范的情况下是否表现出一致的行为，以及评估界是否应该考虑诊断性能的权衡。这项说明性研究采用统计渔获量-年龄模拟框架，比较了一系列包含成分、调查和渔获量数据的正确指定和错误指定评估模型的诊断性能。根据已知模型问题的程度和性质，包括参数和模型过程的错误规范及其组合，以及分析人员在评估诊断性能时必须考虑的模型拟合度、预测技能和回溯偏差之间的权衡，研究结果可用于说明常见诊断测试的可靠程度。尽管在大多数诊断检测中，存在着随着错误定义的增加而失败频率增加的趋势，但仍有数量惊人的错误定义模型能够通过某些诊断检测。几乎所有未能通过多重测试的模型都是错误指定的，这表明在模型评估过程中检查多重诊断的价值。当招募变异性低、历史开发率高时，诊断性能最好（最敏感），这可能是由于在这种情况下，数据（尤其是丰度指数）的对比度更高。这些结果表明，在使用独立的诊断结果作为选择 "最佳 "评估模式、组合模式中的一组模式或模式加权的依据时，应谨慎行事。讨论建议种群评估人员考虑多种动态的相互作用。未来的工作应评估生产函数的分辨率、数据时间序列的质量和数量以及开发历史如何影响诊断性能。

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引用次数: 0

Principles for estimating natural mortality rate 估算自然死亡率的原则

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Fisheries Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2024.107195

In contemporary stock assessments there is increasing emphasis on how natural mortality varies with time, age, and space. But, little guidance is available for estimating this parameter. We maintain that in an exploited population, with few exceptions, contrast in fishing mortality in the data is needed to separate fishing mortality from natural mortality. Variability (contrast) in fishing mortality can be over time (inter- or intra-annual), space, and ontogeny. (The exceptions where contrast in fishing mortality is not needed are cases where information is available on population size and total catch.) High contrast in fishing mortality results in enhanced ability to estimate natural mortality. It follows that study design can be manipulated to achieve greater contrast and make more effective use of existing contrast. Integrated stock assessments afford the opportunity to enhance the needed contrast, provided the contrast is modeled explicitly.

在当代种群评估中，人们越来越重视自然死亡率如何随时间、年龄和空间而变化。但是，在估算这一参数时几乎没有任何指导。我们坚持认为，在被开发的种群中，除少数例外情况外，数据中捕捞死亡率的对比是区分捕捞死亡率和自然死亡率的必要条件。捕捞死亡率的变化（对比）可以是时间（年际或年内）、空间和本体的变化。(不需要渔捞死亡率对比的例外情况是可以获得种群数量和总渔获量的信息）。捕捞死亡率对比度高，估算自然死亡率的能力就强。因此，可以对研究设计进行调整，以获得更大的对比度，并更有效地利用现有的对比度。综合种群评估提供了加强所需的对比度的机会，前提是对对比度进行明确建模。

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the contributions and economic costs for Walleye fry and fingerling stocking in a large midwestern reservoir 评估在中西部一个大型水库中放养马口鱼苗和鱼苗的贡献和经济成本

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Fisheries Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2024.107207

Stocking is a common management practice to maintain Walleye populations where natural recruitment is low or to introduce and sustain Walleye populations outside of their native range. Walleye can be stocked at multiple lengths (e.g., fry and fingerling) and different sizes of stocked Walleye may contribute differently to Walleye year class strength, depending on the system into which they are stocked. The cost associated with stocking also varies by product. Therefore, it is important to determine the contributions from different stocked products within a region or for an individual waterbody. The objectives of our research were to 1) compare the relative contribution of and total length and body condition at the time of capture at age-0 between stocked Walleye fry and fingerlings and naturally produced individuals; and 2) estimate and compare the economic costs of Walleye fry and fingerling production relative to their contribution to the age-0 catch in Lake McConaughy during 2022 and 2023.We collected 178 and 263 age-0 Walleyes from Lake McConaughy during the summer and fall of 2022 and 2023, respectively. Fingerling-stocked Walleye contributed 2.12 times in 2022 and 2.92 times more in 2023 than fry-stocked Walleye. Production cost estimates revealed that fry cost 1.08 and 1.35 times greater than fingerlings per stocking unit in 2022 and 2023, thus fingerlings were deemed the most cost-effective product in this study. Walleye stocked as fry were significantly longer at the time of collection in 2022 and were in significantly better condition in both years compared to fingerling stocked Walleye. Our results provide valuable insights for fisheries managers by offering a case study example as well as offering a practical approach to guide effective management decisions on which stocked product is most appropriate for other systems. Overall, this research enhances the existing literature on Walleye stocking in large reservoir systems, offering practical and useful information for effective management decisions.

放养是一种常见的管理方法，用于维持自然繁殖率较低的马黑鱼种群，或在马黑鱼的原生地之外引入和维持马黑鱼种群。可以放养多种规格的马黑鱼（如鱼苗和鱼苗），不同规格的马黑鱼对马黑鱼年级强度的贡献可能不同，这取决于它们被放养到的系统。与放养相关的成本也因产品而异。因此，确定一个地区或单个水体中不同放养产品的贡献非常重要。我们的研究目标是：1）比较放养的马黑鱼鱼苗和鱼苗与自然生产的个体在捕获0龄马黑鱼时的相对贡献、总长度和身体状况；2）估算和比较马黑鱼鱼苗和鱼苗生产的经济成本与其在2022年和2023年麦科诺伊湖0龄马黑鱼捕获量中的贡献。与投放鱼苗相比，2022 年投放鱼苗的华利鱼的贡献率为 2.12 倍，2023 年为 2.92 倍。生产成本估算显示，在 2022 年和 2023 年，鱼苗的单位放养成本分别是鱼苗的 1.08 倍和 1.35 倍，因此在本研究中，鱼苗被认为是最具成本效益的产品。与投放鱼苗的马黑鱼相比，2022 年投放鱼苗的马黑鱼在采集时体长明显更长，而且这两年的状况也明显更好。我们的研究结果为渔业管理者提供了有价值的见解，既提供了一个案例研究实例，又提供了一种实用方法来指导有效的管理决策，即哪种放养产品最适合其他系统。总之，这项研究加强了现有的有关大型水库系统马口黑鱼放养的文献，为有效的管理决策提供了切实有用的信息。

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引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal dynamics and habitat use of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) on the southeastern United States Atlantic continental shelf 美国东南部大西洋大陆架红鲷鱼（Lutjanus campechanus）的时空动态和栖息地利用情况

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Fisheries Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2024.107200

Red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) is an iconic marine fish species along the southeast United States coast. Despite its ecological and economic importance, surprisingly little is known about red snapper biology and habitat use on the southeast United States Atlantic continental shelf (SEUS). We used data from a long-term baited trap and video survey (2011–2022), as well as from remotely operated vehicle (ROV) sampling (2021–2023), to quantify temporal changes in relative abundance, patterns of spatial distribution, and habitat use of red snapper in the SEUS. Using generalized additive models, we showed that red snapper increased in relative abundance from 2011 to 2022 by ∼ 1000 % in both trap and video samples. Red snapper relative abundance was highest in mid-shelf waters off the east coast of Florida, Georgia, and, to a lesser extent, off the Outer Banks of North Carolina; red snapper were less common off southern North Carolina and South Carolina. Highest relative abundance of red snapper occurred in locations with a moderate amount of natural structured habitat and high seafloor complexity and were never observed at randomly selected ROV stations (n = 197) lacking structured habitat. These results increase our understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of red snapper, improve our knowledge of red snapper habitat use, and can be used when scaling local density estimates to the entire SEUS.

红鲷鱼（Lutjanus campechanus）是美国东南沿海的一种标志性海洋鱼类。尽管红鲷具有重要的生态和经济价值，但人们对其在美国东南部大西洋大陆架（SEUS）的生物学和栖息地利用情况却知之甚少。我们利用长期诱饵诱捕和视频调查（2011-2022 年）以及遥控潜水器（ROV）取样（2021-2023 年）的数据，量化了美国东南部大西洋大陆架红鲷相对丰度、空间分布模式和栖息地利用的时间变化。利用广义加性模型，我们发现红鲷鱼的相对丰度在 2011 年至 2022 年间增加了 1000%。红鲷鱼的相对丰度在佛罗里达州东海岸和佐治亚州的中陆水域最高，其次是北卡罗来纳州的外滩水域；红鲷鱼在北卡罗来纳州南部和南卡罗来纳州较少见。红鲷鱼的最高相对丰度出现在具有适量天然结构化生境和较高海底复杂性的地点，在随机选择的缺乏结构化生境的 ROV 站（n = 197）从未观察到红鲷鱼。这些结果增加了我们对红鲷鱼时空分布的了解，提高了我们对红鲷鱼栖息地利用的认识，并可用于将局部密度估计值扩展到整个东南大西洋。

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引用次数: 0

Geospatial and environmental drivers of genetic divergence in the Indo-West Pacific spiny lobster Panulirus ornatus 印度-西太平洋棘龙虾（Panulirus ornatus）基因分化的地理空间和环境驱动因素

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Fisheries Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2024.107196

The tropical ornate spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus, is distributed widely across the Indo-West Pacific and is a highly valued seafood species. The fine-scale genetic structure of this species was examined using 13 microsatellite loci from 298 lobsters collected from 17 locations from Tanzania in the west to New Caledonia in the east and compared with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and genomic (SNP) from previous studies. Significant overall genetic differentiation was observed in the microsatellite data (F’_ST = 0.051, P < 0.001), but these geographic patterns differed somewhat from those seen previously in mtDNA and SNP data. For both nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mtDNA there was significant genetic divergence and reduced diversity in lobsters from Western Australia and New Caledonia, likely due to genetic bottlenecks. However, the previously identified strong divergence of lobsters from the West Indian Ocean was only minimally supported in the microsatellite data, suggesting some recent gene flow across this region had eroded past divergence in this lineage. Geographic, environmental and ocean current variables were used to detect those factors associated with genetic divergence at both mtDNA and nDNA loci. Population divergences were only partially explained by geography and were not strongly related to ocean currents. Instead, there were significant associations with ocean vorticity, convergence and sea surface temperature. These implicate strong eddy systems, characterised by high levels of convergence and/or vorticity, in constraining larval dispersal. Overall, these findings help to identify the processes driving the genetic structure of P. ornatus populations and the results have considerable implications for the management of wild fisheries for this species.

热带华丽棘龙虾（Panulirus ornatus）广泛分布于印度-西太平洋，是一种价值极高的海产品。研究人员使用 13 个微卫星位点对该物种的精细遗传结构进行了研究，这些位点来自从西部的坦桑尼亚到东部的新喀里多尼亚的 17 个地点采集的 298 只龙虾，并与之前研究中的线粒体 DNA（mtDNA）和基因组（SNP）进行了比较。在微卫星数据中观察到了显著的总体遗传分化（F'ST = 0.051, P <0.001），但这些地理模式与之前在 mtDNA 和 SNP 数据中看到的模式有些不同。在核DNA（nDNA）和mtDNA方面，西澳大利亚和新喀里多尼亚的龙虾存在显著的遗传分化和多样性降低，这可能是由于遗传瓶颈造成的。然而，之前发现的西印度洋龙虾的强烈分化在微卫星数据中仅得到了最低程度的支持，这表明最近跨该地区的一些基因流动侵蚀了该品系过去的分化。地理、环境和洋流变量被用来检测与 mtDNA 和 nDNA 基因位点遗传分化相关的因素。地理因素只能部分解释种群的分化，与洋流的关系不大。相反，与海洋涡度、辐合和海面温度有明显的关联。这表明以高度辐合和/或涡度为特征的强涡度系统制约着幼虫的扩散。总之，这些发现有助于确定驱动鸟鳞栉水母种群遗传结构的过程，其结果对该物种的野生渔业管理具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

An effective feature learning approach using genetic programming for crab age classification 利用遗传编程进行蟹龄分类的有效特征学习方法

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Fisheries Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2024.107197

Reliable age estimation plays an important role in managing populations of marine organisms. The extraction and analysis of eyestalks and gastric mill ossicles for determining the age of crabs are difficult and extremely time consuming. In this paper, we propose a novel Genetic Programming (GP) approach to learning high-level features from easily accessible features of crabs, such as length, weight, and sex, for crab age classification. We develop a new representation of GP to extend the width and depth of GP trees, so as to automatically generate a flexible number of high-level features without extensive domain knowledge. With the high-level features and easily accessible features, the new GP approach is subsequently wrapped with classifiers, e.g., Support Vector Machine (SVM), to effectively classify the crab age. The performance of the proposed GP approach is compared with five mainstream machine learning classification algorithms. Experiments show that the high-level features learned by GP improve the classification accuracy of crab age classification. Moreover, the learned features have good interpretability.

可靠的年龄估计在管理海洋生物种群方面发挥着重要作用。提取和分析眼柄和胃磨骨以确定螃蟹的年龄既困难又耗时。在本文中，我们提出了一种新颖的遗传编程（GP）方法，从容易获得的螃蟹特征（如身长、体重和性别）中学习高级特征，用于螃蟹年龄分类。我们开发了一种新的 GP 表示法，以扩展 GP 树的宽度和深度，从而在没有广泛领域知识的情况下自动生成数量灵活的高级特征。有了高级特征和易于获取的特征，新的 GP 方法就可以与分类器（如支持向量机 (SVM)）结合，从而有效地对螃蟹的年龄进行分类。我们将所提出的 GP 方法的性能与五种主流机器学习分类算法进行了比较。实验表明，通过 GP 学习到的高级特征提高了螃蟹年龄分类的准确性。此外，学习到的特征还具有良好的可解释性。

引用次数: 0

Short-term discard survival and catch-related trauma in European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) caught in the Baltic Sea by Danish seine during summer 夏季在波罗的海用丹麦围网捕捞的欧洲鲽（Pleuronectes platessa）的短期丢弃存活率和与捕捞有关的创伤

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Fisheries Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2024.107204

Danish seine is an active fishing gear targeting demersal species, such as European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa, hencefort referred as plaice), a commercially important fish species in the North Sea, Skagerrak, Kattegat, and Baltic Sea. Danish seining is a relevant fishery in relation to exemption from the European Union landing obligation. Trials were conducted from a commercial fishing vessel during the summer with high air temperatures and sea salinity and marked salinity and temperature gradients (pycnocline). Video equipment was used to observe fish entering the seine. Captured fish were individually tagged and housed in livewells for ten days to observe short-term survival. Reflex impairments and external injuries were assessed after capture and at the end of the observation periods using reflex action mortality predictor (RAMP) and catch-damage index (CDI) methodologies. We found that plaice entered the seine late in the towing process and that 87 % of the assessed fish survived, after 10 days of observation. There was a significant difference in short-term survival curves for fish that had been subjected to more than 30 min of on-deck during the catch-sorting process relative to those that had remained on deck for 30 min or less. The association between the time on deck and RAMP scores after capture was also significant. External injuries were primarily minor bruises, fin fraying, and net marks and changed little from after capturing to the end of the observation period.

丹麦围网是以欧洲鲽鱼（Pleuronectes platessa，以下简称鲽鱼）等底栖鱼类为目标的主动渔具，鲽鱼是北海、斯卡格拉克海峡、卡特加特海峡和波罗的海的重要商业鱼类。丹麦的围网捕捞是与免除欧盟上岸义务相关的渔业。试验是在夏季从一艘商业渔船上进行的，当时气温和海水盐度较高，盐度和温度梯度（pycnocline）明显。使用视频设备观察进入围网的鱼类。捕获的鱼被单独标记，并在活池中饲养十天，以观察短期存活情况。在捕获后和观察期结束时，使用反射动作死亡率预测法（RAMP）和捕获损伤指数法（CDI）对反射损伤和外部损伤进行评估。我们发现，鲽鱼在拖曳过程中很晚才进入围网，经过 10 天的观察，87% 的被评估鱼类存活下来。在渔获分拣过程中，在甲板上停留时间超过 30 分钟的鱼与在甲板上停留时间不超过 30 分钟的鱼在短期存活曲线上存在明显差异。在甲板上的时间与捕获后的 RAMP 评分之间的关系也很显著。外部损伤主要是轻微擦伤、鳍折断和网痕，从捕获后到观察期结束变化不大。

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引用次数: 0

Seasonal migration of a male Jasus lalandii sub-population 雄性 Jasus lalandii 亚群的季节性迁徙

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Fisheries Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2024.107201

Seasonal movement patterns of a sub-population of the West Coast rock lobster (WCRL), Jasus lalandii, in a fisheries-relevant area of South Africa were investigated from 2010 to 2018 by abundance and tag/recapture surveys. A small sub-population (3144 out of 152 914 WCRL analysed) of large male WCRL (carapace length ≥ 75 mm) gathered in a deep (± 200 m) commercial fishing area in January – May, whereas they are rare or absent in the periods between. This distribution was consistent with tagging information from 502 recaptured WCRL (from 15 211 tagged) which revealed an inshore movement (mainly in a NE direction) of a male sub-population (carapace length ≥ 75 mm = legal size) starting in austral autumn. The mean straight-line movement was 30.4 ± 0.6 km (maximum 75 km) and a mean time at large of 301 ± 15 days (maximum 3000 days) were recorded. The study revealed therefore the destination of the lobsters’ migration but not its origin.

通过丰度和标签/重捕调查，研究了2010年至2018年南非渔业相关地区西海岸岩龙虾（WCRL）亚种群的季节性移动模式。在1月至5月期间，大型雄性WCRL（体长≥75毫米）的一个小亚群（分析的152 914条WCRL中的3144条）聚集在一个深海（± 200米）商业捕鱼区，而在两者之间的时期则很少或没有。这种分布与从 502 只重新捕获的西罗亚群（从 15 211 只被标记的西罗亚群中捕获）获得的标记信息一致，这些信息显示雄性西罗亚群（腕长≥75 毫米=法定尺寸）从秋季开始向近岸移动（主要向东北方向移动）。平均直线移动距离为 30.4 ± 0.6 千米（最长 75 千米），平均活动时间为 301 ± 15 天（最长 3000 天）。因此，这项研究揭示了龙虾迁移的目的地，但没有揭示其起源。

引用次数: 0

The economic benefit of spearfishing as an impure public good: A case study of invasive Lionfish in Florida 鱼叉捕鱼作为不纯公益物的经济效益：佛罗里达州入侵狮子鱼案例研究

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Fisheries Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2024.107194

Lionfish (Pterois miles and P. volitans) is a highly invasive species originally from the South Pacific and Indian Oceans. As an effort to control its exponentially growing population, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission has launched a program called “Lionfish Challenge” to promote harvesting of lionfish from Florida waters. The program provides anglers with a unique recreational opportunity because they would need to dive and spearfish to harvest lionfish. Furthermore, participants in the program not only gain utility from spearfishing as a private good but also as a public good, knowing that they are contributing to the ecosystem in Florida waters. This paper contributes to the literature by measuring the economic benefit for participants from spearfishing as an impure public good. Using data provided by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, a travel cost method was applied to model the demand for lionfish fishing trips. Data included information about counties where lionfish were harvested at the trip-level, but only if participants took a trip and harvested lionfish. Therefore, those who are good at catching lionfish had a higher probability of being included in the data. To account for potential sample selection bias, a probability weight was applied, using the average number of lionfish harvested as a proxy. Results indicate that the per-trip consumer surplus per participant was between $965.89 and $1,597.36, depending on model specifications, with the preferred specification indicating a mean CS of $1,117.72 per trip. The seasonal consumer surplus per participant was indicated to be between $4,550.45 and $3487.91, again, depending on model specification.

狮子鱼（Pterois miles 和 P. volitans）是一种高度入侵物种，原产于南太平洋和印度洋。为了控制其急剧增长的数量，佛罗里达鱼类和野生动物保护委员会发起了一项名为 "狮鱼挑战 "的计划，以促进在佛罗里达水域捕捞狮鱼。该计划为垂钓者提供了一个独特的娱乐机会，因为他们需要潜水和用鱼叉捕鱼才能收获狮子鱼。此外，该计划的参与者不仅能从鱼叉捕鱼中获得私人利益，还能获得公共利益，因为他们知道自己为佛罗里达水域的生态系统做出了贡献。本文将鱼叉捕鱼作为一种不纯粹的公共产品来衡量参与者的经济收益，从而为相关文献做出贡献。利用佛罗里达鱼类和野生动物保护委员会提供的数据，采用旅行成本法对钓狮鱼旅行的需求进行建模。数据包括在旅行层面收获蓑鲉的县的信息，但仅限于参与者参加旅行并收获蓑鲉的情况。因此，善于捕获蓑鲉的人被纳入数据的概率较高。为了考虑潜在的样本选择偏差，采用了概率加权法，以收获的蓑鲉平均数量作为替代。结果表明，每位参与者每次旅行的消费者剩余在 965.89 美元到 1,597.36 美元之间，具体取决于模型规格，首选规格表明每次旅行的平均 CS 为 1,117.72 美元。每位参与者的季节性消费者盈余在 4550.45 美元到 3487.91 美元之间，同样取决于模型规格。

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引用次数: 0

Artisanal longline fishing for Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) operated under sea ice using a metal plate kite in northwest Greenland 在格陵兰岛西北部海冰下使用金属板风筝手工延绳钓格陵兰大比目鱼（Reinhardtius hippoglossoides）的情况

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Fisheries Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2024.107203

Understanding the deployment ranges and behavior of fishing gear in relation to fishery efficiency will help us grasp the potential impact of future shifts in the fishery on resources and fishing activities. Fisheries for Greenland halibut are conducted by boat in open water during the summer. However, in winter, fishermen travel to fishing grounds on the sea ice using dog sleds, drill holes in the ice, and deploy longlines using metal plate kites. While the scale of deployment varies between boat and ice longlining, the movement of kites used in ice longlining and their effect on the deployment range of the line is not well understood. We conducted experiments using an accelerometer to determine the underwater movement of kites and their effect on the horizontal range of longline deployment. This is the first report describing specific operational information on longline fishing under sea ice, specifically on the effects of the kite on longline deployment. The kite is attached to the leading end of the mainline and deploys the longlines horizontally as it moves downward towards the sea floor. When the kite and mainline are dropped into the sea, the kite extends the line horizontally while shifting forward-facing long side, and forward-aligned short side. The motion resembles a fluttering action primarily influenced by the Reynolds number and moment of inertia. When the mainline is held, the kite descends in a circular motion. With repeated fishing operations and the passage of time, the kite's movement is expected to decrease in both range and speed due to the buoyancy and tension of the mainline. These kite movements suggest that the deployment range of longlines could extend several hundred meters. Therefore, it can be inferred that the impact of winter ice fishing on the Greenland halibut stock is relatively low due to the limited deployment range of the longline when using the kite.

了解渔具的部署范围和行为与渔业效率的关系，将有助于我们掌握未来渔业变化对资源和渔业活动的潜在影响。格陵兰大比目鱼的捕捞活动在夏季由船只在开阔水域进行。然而，在冬季，渔民们使用狗拉雪橇前往海冰上的渔场，在冰上钻孔，并使用金属板风筝布放延绳。虽然船式延绳钓和冰上延绳钓的布放规模各不相同，但人们对冰上延绳钓中使用的风筝的运动及其对延绳钓布放范围的影响却不甚了解。我们使用加速度计进行了实验，以确定风筝的水下运动及其对延绳部署水平范围的影响。这是第一份描述海冰下延绳钓具体操作信息的报告，特别是风筝对延绳钓布放的影响。风筝连接在主线的前端，在向海底下移的过程中水平布放延绳。当风筝和主线落入海中时，风筝将钓线水平拉长，同时长线朝前，短线朝前。这种运动类似于飘动，主要受雷诺数和惯性矩的影响。当主线被握住时，风筝以圆周运动的方式下降。随着反复捕鱼作业和时间的推移，由于主线的浮力和张力，预计风筝的运动范围和速度都会减小。这些风筝运动表明，延绳钓的布放范围可以延伸几百米。因此可以推断，由于使用风筝时延绳钓的布放范围有限，冬季冰钓对格陵兰大比目鱼种群的影响相对较小。

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引用次数: 0