Fisheries Research最新文献_第7页

Integrating a seabird diet-derived recruitment index into a stock assessment model of Atlantic herring in the Northeast U.S. 将海鸟饮食衍生的招募指数整合到美国东北部大西洋鲱鱼种群评估模型中

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Fisheries Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2025.107571

Sean B. Hardison , Jonathan Deroba , Micah Dean , Lauren Scopel , Joana Romero , Heather L. Major , Donald E. Lyons

Incorporating predator-prey information in fisheries stock assessments is challenging due to the multitude, complexity, and dynamic nature of trophic interactions. However, integrating indices of abundance derived from predator diet data into assessment models as proxy abundance indices of poorly sampled age classes may have utility as an ecosystem approach that improves assessment outcomes. Here, we leveraged 34 years of observations of common terns (Sterna hirundo) provisioning age-1 Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) to their chicks across 12 islands in the Gulf of Maine to construct an annual index of herring provisioning rates. We then integrated this index into a state-space, age-structured assessment model as an index for age-1 Atlantic herring (recruit) abundance. Our results showed that when the assessment model was fit assuming a linear relationship between the herring provisioning index and recruitment, the model produced a residual pattern indicating a non-linear response between the provisioning of Atlantic herring and their abundance in the environment. These findings suggested that Atlantic herring provisioning rates plateaued during periods of high recruitment (satiation) and remained consistent at low levels during periods of low recruitment (hyperstability). Allowing for this non-linearity in the stock assessment improved the fit to the index. Ultimately, the seabird diet index may be a useful indicator to incorporate into the Atlantic herring assessment process; however, the quantitative incorporation of this index into the assessment model is challenged by non-linear predator-prey dynamics.

由于营养相互作用的多样性、复杂性和动态性，将捕食者-猎物信息纳入渔业种群评估是具有挑战性的。然而，将来自捕食者饮食数据的丰度指数整合到评估模型中，作为样本不足的年龄类别的代理丰度指数，可能作为一种改善评估结果的生态系统方法具有实用性。在这里，我们利用34年来对缅因湾12个岛屿上常见燕鸥（Sterna hirundo）供应年龄为1岁的大西洋鲱鱼（Clupea harengus）对其幼仔的观察，构建了鲱鱼供应率的年度指数。然后，我们将该指数整合到一个状态空间、年龄结构的评估模型中，作为1岁大西洋鲱鱼（招募）丰度的指数。结果表明，当评估模型假设鲱鱼供应指数与招募量之间存在线性关系时，模型产生的残差模式表明大西洋鲱鱼的供应与环境中鲱鱼的丰度之间存在非线性响应。这些发现表明，大西洋鲱鱼供应率在高招募期（饱和期）趋于稳定，在低招募期（超稳定期）保持在低水平。考虑到库存评估中的这种非线性，改进了对指数的拟合。最终，海鸟饮食指数可能是一个有用的指标纳入大西洋鲱鱼的评估过程；然而，将该指标定量纳入评估模型受到非线性捕食者-猎物动力学的挑战。

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引用次数: 0

A data-limited approach for assessing Octopus mimus Gould, 1852 (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) in the northern zone of Chile 评估智利北部地区1852年章鱼（头足纲：章鱼科）的数据有限方法

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Fisheries Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2025.107578

Luis A. Cubillos , Paulo Mora , Andrés Olguín , Nancy Barahona , Miguel Araya , Christian M. Ibañez

In northern Chile, Octopus mimus sustains small-scale fisheries from Arica (18°28’ S) to Huasco (28°33’ S), yet stock assessment remains a challenge owing to data limitations. This study applied a data-limited approach, recognizing that stock assessment is a continuum from status classification analysis to quantitative models, improving data analysis. We used landings records (1979–2022) and applied maximum catch benchmarks, structural time-series analysis, and catch-only models to infer stock conditions. A spatiotemporal Bayesian hierarchical CPUE model produced a standardized abundance index for 2001–2022. These data informed JABBA, a Bayesian surplus production model that revealed a consistent overfished status. Although signs of overfishing have persisted, a notable decline in fishing mortality was observed by 2022. Despite the elevated uncertainty in recent years, retrospective analysis confirmed the robustness of the model. While our approach assumes fixed reference points, the observed structural shifts in landings suggest a potential decline in productivity during the cold period after 1998, which would affect either the carrying capacity or growth rates, warranting further investigation. This study highlights the utility of robust data-limited tools for managing small-scale fisheries under uncertainty.

在智利北部，从Arica（18°28′S）到Huasco(28°33′S)，章鱼维持着小规模渔业，但由于数据有限，种群评估仍然是一项挑战。本研究采用了数据有限的方法，认识到种群评估是一个从状态分类分析到定量模型的连续体，改进了数据分析。我们使用了1979-2022年的着陆记录，并应用了最大捕获量基准、结构时间序列分析和仅捕获量模型来推断种群状况。利用时空贝叶斯分层CPUE模型生成了2001-2022年的标准化丰度指数。这些数据为JABBA提供了信息，这是一个贝叶斯剩余生产模型，揭示了持续的过度捕捞状态。尽管过度捕捞的迹象持续存在，但到2022年，捕捞死亡率显著下降。尽管近年来不确定性增加，但回顾性分析证实了模型的稳健性。虽然我们的方法假设了固定的参考点，但观察到的着陆结构变化表明，1998年之后的寒冷时期生产率可能会下降，这将影响到承载能力或增长率，值得进一步调查。这项研究强调了在不确定情况下管理小规模渔业的可靠的数据有限工具的效用。

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引用次数: 0

Life history aspects of the small freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium lanchesteri species complex (Palaemonidae) 淡水小虾兰氏沼虾种复合体的生活史研究

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Fisheries Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2025.107569

Minoru Saito , Chaiwut Grudpan , Jarungjit Grudpan , Achara Jutagate , Satoshi Honda , Tuantong Jutagate

Lanchester’s Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium lanchesteri species complex is a commercial freshwater shrimp widely distributed and commonly consumed throughout the Indochinese Peninsula. We investigated the baseline life history of this species complex, including reproductive aspects, recruitment, and growth patterns. Shrimp samples were collected monthly from an oxbow lake in Northeast Thailand. Egg-carrying females were present throughout the year. Reproduction was most active between June and August and least active between November and December. The least active period of reproduction coincided with the winter solstice. The carapace length of ovigerous females ranged from 4.6 to 10.9 mm. Newly recruited individuals of both sexes mainly appeared between September and November. The recruited females were observed to reach maturity between March and May, i.e., less than one year after hatching, and continued to reproduce until they reached a maximum carapace length of approximately 11 mm. We discuss the effectiveness of current fisheries regulations and propose potential additional fisheries regulations based on the results of our study.

兰彻斯特淡水对虾（lanchestermacrobrachium lanchesteri）是一种广泛分布于印度支那半岛的商业淡水对虾。我们调查了该物种复合体的基线生活史，包括生殖方面，招募和生长模式。每月从泰国东北部的一个牛轭湖收集虾样本。携带卵子的雌企鹅全年都有。繁殖在6 - 8月最活跃，11 - 12月最不活跃。繁殖最不活跃的时期正好是冬至。卵生雌虫甲壳长度为4.6 ~ 10.9 mm。新招募的个体主要出现在9月至11月。被招募的雌性在3月至5月之间，即在孵化后不到一年的时间内达到成熟，并继续繁殖，直到它们的最大甲壳长度达到约11 毫米。我们讨论了当前渔业法规的有效性，并根据我们的研究结果提出了潜在的额外渔业法规。

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引用次数: 0

Elevated participation in co-management increases the willingness of stalked barnacle harvesters to adopt highly restrictive and spatially explicit management strategies 共同管理参与率的提高增加了藤壶采集者采用高度限制性和空间明确管理策略的意愿

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Fisheries Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2025.107566

Katja J. Geiger , Antonella Rivera , Alba Aguión , Marine Barbier , Teresa Cruz , Susana Fandiño , Lucía García-Flórez , Gonzalo Macho , Francisco Neves , Nélia Penteado , Paloma Peón Torre , Eric Thiébaut , Elsa Vázquez , José Luis Acuña

Ensuring the sustainability of European stalked barnacle fisheries requires effective management strategies. Insights into the experience of resource users with different management strategies can help to assess their success. To explore the opinion of the harvesters on the management of local fisheries, we conducted a multi-regional survey in Spain, Portugal and France with varying degrees of co-management. We analysed their responses using a multinomial logistic regression to understand what drove the observed differences. No single optimal strategy to achieve sustainability emerged, and the analysis revealed that geographic region was the most significant variable explaining the preferences of harvester. In less developed co-management systems they favored general input and output restrictions and expressed a desire for greater involvement in co-management processes. Conversely, in highly developed co-management systems with Territorial User Rights for Fishers (TURFs) they preferred the most restrictive and spatially explicit management strategies, such as implementing harvest bans and establishing marine reserves. These preferences indicate that harvesters in TURF-based systems exhibit a high level of stewardship and commitment to sustainable resource management. Moreover, our results indicate that the majority of harvesters in the regions in Portugal and France, areas with less developed co-management, are willing to make changes to current management strategies, reflecting their awareness of the need for improvement. To enhance the development of sustainable management practices across the distributional range of fishery resources, management strategies do not only need to be tailored to each region's particular practices, needs, and characteristics, but also consider the readiness of resource users for specific strategies.

确保欧洲藤壶渔业的可持续性需要有效的管理策略。深入了解采用不同管理策略的资源使用者的经验，有助于评估其成功与否。为了探讨渔民对当地渔业管理的看法，我们在西班牙、葡萄牙和法国进行了一项多区域调查，这些地区的共同管理程度不同。我们使用多项逻辑回归分析了他们的反应，以了解导致观察到的差异的原因。没有单一的最优策略来实现可持续性，分析表明，地理区域是解释采集者偏好的最重要变量。在较不发达的共同管理制度中，它们赞成一般的投入和产出限制，并表示希望更多地参与共同管理进程。相反，在具有渔民领土使用权的高度发达的共同管理制度中，他们倾向于最具限制性和空间明确的管理战略，例如执行捕捞禁令和建立海洋保护区。这些偏好表明，在草皮为基础的系统中，收割机表现出高水平的管理和对可持续资源管理的承诺。此外，我们的研究结果表明，葡萄牙和法国这些共同管理欠发达地区的大多数采收者都愿意改变目前的管理策略，这反映了他们意识到需要改进。为了在整个渔业资源分布范围内加强可持续管理做法的发展，管理战略不仅需要适应每个区域的具体做法、需要和特点，而且还要考虑到资源使用者对具体战略的准备情况。

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引用次数: 0

Autoecology and population dynamics of smooth sandeel (Gymnammodytes semisquamatus (Jourdain, 1879)) in the Maritime-Terrestrial National Park of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia (NW of Spain) 西班牙西北部加利西亚大西洋群岛海陆国家公园裸沙鳗（Gymnammodytes semisquamatus, Jourdain, 1879）的自生态和种群动态

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Fisheries Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2025.107570

José M. Parada , Beatriz Nieto

This paper studies the autoecology and population dynamics of Gymnamodytes semisquamatus (Jourdain, 1879) in southern Europe. Because of its major fisheries importance, studies of sandeels have focused on other species, and G. semisquamatus has been little studied. However, this species is very important as a forage species, especially in the case of the population studied, as it occurs in a national park that hosts breeding colonies of endangered seabirds and a wide diversity of piscivorous species. G. semisquamatus buries itself in the sediment at night, although it is active in the water column on clear nights with strong moonlight. Its spatial distribution, size-weight ratio, condition index and growth suggest a period of reduced activity during autumn and winter when it is buried in the sand. During these seasons, it is concentrated in deeper locations and has stricter requirements for sediment characteristics, making it more vulnerable to loss or damage in its preferred habitat. Knowledge of this seasonality, which is common to all other ammodytid species, is important for stock assessment and the study of sandeel populations.

本文研究了南欧Gymnamodytes semisquamatus （Jourdain, 1879）的自生态和种群动态。由于其对渔业的重要意义，对沙鳗的研究主要集中在其他物种上，而对半沙鳗的研究很少。然而，这个物种作为一种饲料是非常重要的，特别是在研究的种群中，因为它发生在一个国家公园里，那里有濒危海鸟的繁殖地和各种各样的鱼食性物种。G. semiquamatus在夜间隐藏在沉积物中，但在月光强烈的晴朗夜晚，它在水柱中活跃。其空间分布、体积重量比、状态指数和生长情况表明，在秋冬两季被埋沙后，其活动减少。在这些季节，它集中在较深的位置，对沉积物特征有更严格的要求，使其更容易失去或破坏其首选栖息地。了解这种季节性，这是所有其他种类的常见的，是重要的种群评估和研究沙棘种群。

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引用次数: 0

Effects on catches of green and blue light emitting diodes at the frame lines of diurnally deployed estuarine penaeid trawls 河口拖网日布设框架线上绿色和蓝色发光二极管对渔获量的影响

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Fisheries Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2025.107565

Matt K. Broadhurst

Penaeid trawls are among the world’s least selective fishing gears. This characteristic has justified decadal attempts at resolution and most commonly via retroactively fitted ‘bycatch reduction devices’ in the posterior sections to promote fish escape. However, ideally unwanted species would never enter a trawl. This study sought to investigate if fish could be avoided in diurnally deployed estuarine penaeid trawls via light emitting diodes (LEDs) located at the frame lines (headline and footrope). The assumption of few confounding effects of attaching six inactive LEDs (i.e. structures) to the frame lines was validated (experiment 1) before separate experiments were done to assess the effects on catches due to six active blue or green LEDs on the footrope (experiment 2) and then on the headline (experiment 3). Catches of the targeted school prawns, Metapenaeus macleayi and some fish (across all sizes; 4–20 cm total lengths), including mulloway, Argyrosomus japonicus, southern herring, Herklotsichthys castelnaui, and painted stinkfish, Eocallionymus papilio were similarly and significantly lower in trawls with at least one active LED treatment, and with greater consistency when these were on the headline. Some loss of target catches would preclude the commercial use of LEDs on the frame lines of the tested trawls. However, evidence of strong responses among some fish and their known behavioural and swimming differences to penaeids might support testing LEDs at other locations, including inside trawls, to reduce bycatches while maintaining target catches.

对虾拖网是世界上最没有选择性的渔具之一。这一特点证明了十年一次的解决方案是合理的，最常见的是通过在后部追溯安装“副渔获物减少装置”来促进鱼类逃逸。然而，理想情况下，不需要的物种永远不会进入拖网。本研究试图通过位于框架线（标题和尾线）的发光二极管（led）来调查是否可以避免鱼类在每日部署的河口对虾拖网中。将6个不活跃的led（即结构）连接到框架线的假设很少产生混淆效应（实验1），然后进行单独的实验来评估由于6个活跃的蓝色或绿色led在足部（实验2）和标题（实验3）上对渔获量的影响。在至少进行了一次有效LED处理的拖网中，目标鱼群对虾、macleayus Metapenaeus和一些鱼类（各种大小；4-20 厘米总长度），包括mulloway、Argyrosomus japonicus、南方鲱鱼、Herklotsichthys castelnaui和漆腥鱼、Eocallionymus papilio的渔获量相似且显著降低，当这些鱼出现在头条新闻时，一致性更强。某些目标渔获量的损失将妨碍在测试拖网的框架线上使用led的商业用途。然而，一些鱼类对对虾有强烈反应的证据，以及它们已知的行为和游泳差异，可能支持在其他地点（包括拖网内）测试led，以减少副渔获量，同时保持目标渔获量。

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引用次数: 0

Size-specific abundance dynamics of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna in Canadian waters 加拿大水域大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼的特定尺寸丰度动态

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Fisheries Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2025.107567

Sosthene A.V. Akia , Alex Hanke , Daniel Duplisea

Understanding size-specific population dynamics is critical to improving stock assessment and management of marine fishes, particularly for species like Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) (ABFT) with complex life histories. This study aimed to understand the size-specific abundance dynamics of ABFT in the southern Gulf of Saint Lawrence (sGSL) and along Canada's Atlantic coast (AC) within the area of the Scotian Shelf. Using data from commercial fisheries and applying Vector Autoregressive Spatiotemporal (VAST) models, we developed size-specific relative abundance indices for three size classes: small (<9 years old or < 209 cm - curved fork length [CFL]), medium (9–15 years old), and large (15 + years old or > 260 cm - CFL). Our findings highlight distinct temporal patterns influenced by environmental conditions, population abundance, mixing between western and eastern stocks, and prey availability. Small ABFT became increasingly prevalent in the sGSL region since 2009, a change linked to climatic driven oceanographic processes (i.e. increased sea surface height over the Grand Banks, cold intermediate layer (CIL) reduction in the sGSL, and warmer bottom waters). Increasing prevalence in the sGSL Small sized ABFT is matched by decreasing prevalence along the AC over the last decade. Medium sized ABFT showed a significant increase in relative abundance starting in the early 2000s in both areas, with this trend becoming particularly pronounced after 2012, likely due to the higher recruitment of the 2003 year-class and the implementation of effective ICCAT management plans in both the eastern and western Atlantic management areas. In the sGSL, the relative abundance trend of large ABFT, the dominant size class before 2012, mirrors the estimated trend of fall herring spawning stock biomass occurring in the region, with both falling over the past decade. In AC, large ABFT consistently represented a small fraction of the catches over the history of the data. These relative abundance trends provide valuable insights into the dynamics of the population which can guide fisheries management and conservation strategies which increasingly emphasize the importance of linking population dynamics to local ecosystem changes and size-specific behavior.

了解特定大小的种群动态对于改善海洋鱼类的种群评估和管理至关重要，特别是对于具有复杂生活史的大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus thynnus）（ABFT）等物种。本研究旨在了解南圣劳伦斯湾（sGSL）和沿加拿大大西洋沿岸（AC）在苏格兰大陆架区域内ABFT的大小特异性丰度动态。利用商业渔业数据并应用向量自回归时空（VAST）模型，我们开发了三个尺寸类别的特定相对丰度指数：小（<；9岁或<； 209 cm -弯曲叉长[CFL]）、中（9 - 15岁）和大（15 +岁或>； 260 cm - CFL）。我们的发现强调了受环境条件、种群丰度、西部和东部种群混合以及猎物可用性影响的不同时间模式。自2009年以来，小ABFT在sGSL地区变得越来越普遍，这一变化与气候驱动的海洋学过程（即大浅滩海面高度增加，sGSL冷中间层（CIL）减少，以及底部水变暖）有关。在过去十年中，sGSL小型ABFT患病率的上升与AC沿线患病率的下降相匹配。从21世纪初开始，这两个地区的中型ABFT的相对丰度显著增加，这一趋势在2012年之后变得尤为明显，可能是由于2003年的招聘人数增加，以及大西洋东部和西部管理地区实施了有效的ICCAT管理计划。在sGSL中，2012年之前占主导地位的大型ABFT的相对丰度趋势反映了该地区鲱鱼产卵种群生物量下降的估计趋势，两者在过去十年中都有所下降。在AC中，大的ABFT始终只占数据历史捕获量的一小部分。这些相对丰度趋势提供了关于种群动态的宝贵见解，可以指导渔业管理和养护战略，这些战略日益强调将种群动态与当地生态系统变化和特定大小行为联系起来的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Diet shift of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) after the collapse of smelt (Osmerus eperlanus morpha spirinchus) population in a large shallow lake 大型浅湖鲑种群灭亡后鲈的饮食变化

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Fisheries Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2025.107568

Paul Teesalu , Priit Bernotas

Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) are known to prefer acerate-bodied prey such as lake (dwarf) smelt (Osmerus eperlanus morpha spirinchus) when abundant, as observed in Estonia's lakes Võrtsjärv and Peipsi. This study aimed to investigate whether, in the absence of preferred prey, pikeperch would switch to alternative prey based primarily on availability rather than morphology, and whether increasing predator size corresponds to increased consumption of larger prey items. From 2015–2024, gut content analysis of 3807 mature pikeperch revealed that after smelt declined, pikeperch did not shift to similarly shaped prey (e.g., ruffe; Gymnocephalus cernuus) but increasingly consumed deep-bodied bream (Abramis brama), the lake’s most abundant species. Prey length to predator length ratio (PPR) did not drive prey choice, as high-PPR bream was consumed equally with lower-PPR species. Ivlev’s Electivity Index confirmed strong smelt preference when available, but after its decline, prey abundance dictated selection. Larger pikeperch (>50 cm) mainly consumed larger bream (>10 cm standard length), likely due to limited alternatives. Pikeperch, currently being the main piscivorous fish in Võrtsjärv, plays a crucial role in controlling cyprinid biomass and therefore maintaining ecological balance in the lake.

在爱沙尼亚的Võrtsjärv湖和Peipsi湖中观察到，当食物丰富时，棘鲈（Sander lucioperca）更喜欢像湖（矮）臭鼬（Osmerus eperlanus morpha spirinchus）这样的尖锐体型的猎物。本研究旨在调查在没有首选猎物的情况下，猪鲈是否会主要基于可获得性而不是形态来转向其他猎物，以及捕食者体型的增加是否对应于对大型猎物的消耗增加。从2015年到2024年，对3807只成熟梭鲈的肠道含量分析显示，在嗅觉下降后，梭鲈并没有转向类似形状的猎物（如鲷鱼；Gymnocephalus cernuus），而是越来越多地食用深体鲷鱼（Abramis brama），这是该湖泊最丰富的物种。猎物长度与捕食者长度比（PPR）不影响猎物的选择，因为高PPR的鲷鱼与低PPR的鲷鱼被吃掉的数量相等。伊夫列夫的选择指数证实了人们对气味的强烈偏好，但在它下降之后，猎物的丰度决定了选择。较大的梭鲈（>；50 厘米）主要消耗较大的鲷鱼（>；10 厘米标准长度），可能是由于有限的替代品。棘鲈是Võrtsjärv目前主要的食鱼鱼类，在控制鲤类生物量和维持湖泊生态平衡方面起着至关重要的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Ferrite magnets do not deter blue sharks (Prionace glauca) from bait strikes in behavioural trials 在行为试验中，铁氧体磁铁并不能阻止蓝鲨（Prionace glauca）上钩

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Fisheries Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2025.107561

Sol Lucas , Gonzalo Araujo , Rosalind M.K. Bown , Mark Johns , Samuel Matthews , Emma Nicol , Kristian J. Parton , Richard Rees , Gemma Scotts , Victoria Walker , Emma Williams , Per Berggren

Blue sharks (Prionace glauca) are the most-commonly caught species of shark globally with evidence of decreasing populations. Sensory deterrents, inducing weak electromagnetic fields, have been used to deter sharks from fishing gear, while maintaining target catch quality and quantity. Here, we conducted trials on the efficacy of ferrite magnets as a deterrent on blue sharks off the southwest coast of the UK. We tested behavioural responses of blue sharks to ferrite magnets in a field experiment comparing simulated fishing lines (hooks removed) with and without magnets. There was no statistically significant difference in bait choices between the control (n = 14) and magnet (n = 12) lines. Time to strike, number of prior interactions, number of sharks present or number of people in the water did not influence bait choice in the trials. Our study adds to conflicting findings on electrosensory deterrents' effectiveness on shark species. Ferrite magnets, with fixed magnetic fields, are currently not suitable for widespread implementation in fisheries and alternative strategies should be explored to reduce shark mortality.

蓝鲨（Prionace glauca）是全球最常见的鲨鱼品种，有证据表明其数量正在减少。感官威慑，即诱导弱电磁场，被用来阻止鲨鱼靠近渔具，同时保持目标捕获的质量和数量。在这里，我们对铁氧体磁铁在英国西南海岸对蓝鲨的威慑效果进行了试验。我们在现场实验中测试了蓝鲨对铁氧体磁铁的行为反应，比较了有和没有磁铁的模拟钓鱼线（钩子移除）。对照（n = 14）系与磁铁（n = 12）系对饵料的选择差异无统计学意义。在试验中，攻击时间、先前的互动次数、在场的鲨鱼数量或水中的人数都不会影响诱饵的选择。我们的研究增加了关于电感觉威慑对鲨鱼物种有效性的相互矛盾的发现。具有固定磁场的铁氧体磁铁目前不适合在渔业中广泛实施，应探索其他战略以减少鲨鱼死亡率。

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引用次数: 0

Supplementation of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) restores biofilm biomass and benthic metabolism 补充成年大西洋鲑鱼（Salmo salar）可恢复生物膜生物量和底栖生物代谢

IF 2.3 2区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Fisheries Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2025.107556

Kurt M. Samways

Restoration of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations can restore key ecological functions in nutrient-limited freshwater ecosystems. This study assessed the effects of marine-derived nutrients (MDNs) from spawning salmon on biofilm biomass and benthic metabolism in two adjacent watersheds, the Upper Salmon River (USR) and Point Wolfe River (PWR), located in and around Fundy National Park, New Brunswick, Canada. Using a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) design, between 2015–2017 we monitored changes in biofilm growth, metabolism, and stable isotope signatures across upstream (reference) and downstream (treatment) sites in both rivers. Significant increases in biofilm biomass (up to 0.099 μg chlorophyll m⁻²) and net daily metabolism (up to 13.1 mg O₂ m⁻² d⁻¹) were observed at treatment sites in the USR where adult salmon were released. In contrast, no such increases occurred in reference sites, or the non-supplemented PWR. Stable isotope analysis confirmed MDN assimilation in biofilm and linked enriched δ¹ ³C and δ¹ ⁵N values to the presence of adult salmon. A mass balance nutrient model demonstrated that adult salmon, unlike juvenile stocking, deliver net nutrient gains to streams. This study provides the first empirical evidence for functional ecosystem recovery in Atlantic salmon rivers via adult supplementation, emphasizing the role of salmon as a keystone species and supporting their use in both demographic and ecological restoration efforts in the endangered inner Bay of Fundy population range.

恢复大西洋鲑鱼（Salmo salar）成年种群可以恢复营养有限的淡水生态系统中的关键生态功能。在加拿大新不伦瑞克省芬迪国家公园及其周边的两个相邻流域，上鲑鱼河（USR）和沃尔夫角河（PWR），本研究评估了产卵鲑鱼的海洋营养物（mdn）对生物膜生物量和底栖生物代谢的影响。利用控制后影响（BACI）设计，在2015-2017年期间，我们监测了两条河流上游（参考）和下游（处理）站点的生物膜生长、代谢和稳定同位素特征的变化。在美国释放成年鲑鱼的治疗地点，观察到生物膜生物量（高达0.099 μg叶绿素m−2）和净日代谢（高达13.1 mg O₂m⁻²d⁻¹）的显著增加。相比之下，在参考站点或未补充的压水堆中没有出现这种增加。稳定同位素分析证实了MDN在生物膜中的同化作用，并将δ¹ ³C和δ¹ 5 N值的富集与成年鲑鱼的存在联系起来。质量平衡营养模型表明，成年鲑鱼与幼年放养不同，可以为溪流带来净营养收益。本研究为大西洋鲑鱼河流通过补充成鱼恢复功能生态系统提供了第一个经验证据，强调了鲑鱼作为关键物种的作用，并支持了它们在濒危的芬迪内湾种群范围内的人口和生态恢复工作中的应用。

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