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Aspergillus species contamination in concentrate feeds collected from specialized dairy farms and local markets in selected urban centers of eastern Ethiopia 从埃塞俄比亚东部部分城市中心的专业奶牛场和当地市场收集的精饲料中的曲霉菌污染情况
Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2024.1407497
Angassa Tesfaye, Abdi Mohammed, Mohammed Yusuf, Yesihak Yusuf
This study aimed to identify and examine the prevalence of Aspergillus species in three types of feed collected from specialized dairy farms and local markets in Chiro town, Dire Dawa, and Harar cities in eastern Ethiopia. A total of 180 dairy feed samples were collected and sown, initially on YES agar and then sub-cultured to AFPA to identify Aspergillus species based on colony color, conidia, vesicle, and phialide features. Additionally, the aflatoxigenic potential of the colonies was tested using CAM-based UV fluorescence. The study revealed that the prevalence of Aspergillus species was 80.6% in dairy feeds with a mean count of 3.04 log10cfu/g. Among the identified species, A. flavus was found to be highly prevalent (80%) in the feed with a mean of 2.73 log10cfu/g (7.45 × 103 cfu/g). Meanwhile, A. parasiticus and A. niger were observed in 73.3% (mean 2.43 log10cfu/g) and 58.3% (mean 1.68 log10cfu/g) of feeds, respectively. Furthermore, the prevalence rates of all Aspergillus species in feeds were not significant (p > 0.05) among the study sites and feed sources. However, the mean count of total Aspergillus (3.47 ± 1.34 log10cfu/g), A. flavus (3.20 ± 1.27 log10cfu/g), and A. parasiticus (2.82 ± 1.41 log10cfu/g) was significantly higher in feeds from Dire Dawa city. Additionally, both the prevalence rates and mean counts of total Aspergillus (37.9% and 3.65 ± 1.16 log10cfu/g), A. flavus (38.2% and 3.26 ± 1.12 log10cfu/g), A. parasiticus (38.6% and 2.98 ± 1.34 log10cfu/g), and A. niger (37.1% and 2.11 ± 1.57 log10cfu/g) in total mixed ration were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in other feed types. Out of the screened Aspergillus colonies, 81.42% were found to be aflatoxigenic, with 58.32% belonging to A. flavus and 41.68% to A. parasiticus. Therefore, widespread contamination of Aspergillus species in dairy feeds across the study sites raises food safety and public health concerns, which highlights the urgent need for stringent measures in feed quality control to curb its prevalence and the risk of aflatoxin exposure.
本研究旨在鉴定和检查从埃塞俄比亚东部奇罗镇、迪雷达瓦市和哈拉尔市的专业奶牛场和当地市场收集的三种饲料中曲霉菌的流行情况。共收集了 180 份奶牛饲料样品,首先播种在 YES 琼脂上,然后进行 AFPA 亚培养,根据菌落颜色、分生孢子、囊泡和噬菌体特征鉴定曲霉菌种。此外,还利用基于 CAM 的紫外荧光法检测了菌落的黄曲霉致病潜力。研究表明,乳制品饲料中曲霉菌的流行率为 80.6%,平均数量为 3.04 log10cfu/g。在已确定的菌种中,黄曲霉在饲料中的流行率很高(80%),平均数量为 2.73 log10cfu/g(7.45 × 103 cfu/g)。同时,在 73.3%(平均 2.43 log10cfu/g)和 58.3%(平均 1.68 log10cfu/g)的饲料中分别观察到寄生虫和黑曲霉。此外,饲料中所有曲霉菌种类的流行率在研究地点和饲料来源之间没有显著差异(P > 0.05)。然而,在迪雷达瓦市的饲料中,总曲霉菌(3.47 ± 1.34 log10cfu/g)、黄曲霉菌(3.20 ± 1.27 log10cfu/g)和寄生曲霉菌(2.82 ± 1.41 log10cfu/g)的平均数量明显较高。此外,混合饲料中总曲霉菌(37.9% 和 3.65 ± 1.16 log10cfu/g)、黄曲霉菌(38.2% 和 3.26 ± 1.12 log10cfu/g)、寄生曲霉菌(38.6% 和 2.98 ± 1.34 log10cfu/g)和黑曲霉菌(37.1% 和 2.11 ± 1.57 log10cfu/g)的流行率和平均计数均明显高于其他类型的饲料(p < 0.05)。在筛选出的曲霉菌群中,81.42%为黄曲霉菌,其中黄曲霉菌占 58.32%,寄生曲霉菌占 41.68%。因此,研究地点的奶牛饲料普遍受到曲霉菌污染,引起了对食品安全和公共卫生的关注,这突出表明迫切需要采取严格的饲料质量控制措施,以遏制曲霉菌的流行和黄曲霉毒素的摄入风险。
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引用次数: 0
Trait preferences of sorghum and pearl millet value chain actors in Mali and Burkina Faso: a case for gender- responsive and demand-driven breeding 马里和布基纳法索高粱和珍珠粟价值链参与者的性状偏好:促进性别平等和需求驱动的育种案例
Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2024.1239433
J. Yila, Almamy Sylla, Sekou Traore, Eveline M F W Sawadogo-Compaoré
Sorghum and pearl millet have adapted to the socioecological environment in the dryland of West Africa and have been the staple crops for many years. Engaging key stakeholders and improving the sorghum and pearl millet breeding process is essential to addressing the evolving demands of end-users and environmental conditions. Unlike most trait preference studies focusing on men and women farmers’ trait choices, we examined sorghum and pearl millet key value chain actors (VCA), including producers, processors, traders, and consumers. We identified their preferred traits of varieties that need to be mainstreamed into the breeding pipelines. Drawing on the past efforts and experiences of the sorghum and pearl millet breeding programs from the last 30 years, the study was designed to integrate gender equality in sorghum and pearl millet breeding decisions and traits prioritization in West Africa. This process was implemented in phases, leading to the drafting of gender-responsive and client-oriented product profiles. The paper elicited an understanding of how the roles and interests of sorghum and pearl millet VCA influence their varietal choice and adoption decisions. The study found both differences and similarities in the trait preferences of the men and women VCA. Most women, mainly in the production and processing nodes, prefer varieties with specific food and grain quality traits, while men prioritize grain yield and biotic stress resistance traits. Even though both men’s and women’s varietal choices align with their roles in production and consumption, grain yield was commonly desired across gender, crop, and value chain segments. The findings revealed that the gendered interest of actors in the crops’ value chain determines their choice of variety. Gender responsiveness requires identifying and understanding the needs and choices of the sorghum and millet VCA and mainstreaming these into the breeding pipeline. The approach employed in the study elicits the understanding, roles, and interests of the various actors and how these factors influence men’s and women’s decisions to adopt a crop variety. All major stakeholders should co-develop product profiles for the variety being developed to enable co-ownership, increase adoption, and improve gender equity in agricultural technology development and deployment.
高粱和珍珠粟适应了西非干旱地区的社会生态环境,多年来一直是当地的主要作物。要满足最终用户和环境条件不断变化的需求,就必须让主要利益相关者参与进来,并改进高粱和珍珠粟的育种过程。与大多数以男女农民的性状选择为重点的性状偏好研究不同,我们考察了高粱和珍珠粟的主要价值链参与者(VCA),包括生产者、加工商、贸易商和消费者。我们确定了需要纳入育种主流的品种的首选性状。借鉴过去 30 年高粱和珍珠粟育种计划的努力和经验,该研究旨在将性别平等纳入西非高粱和珍珠粟育种决策和性状优先排序中。这项工作分阶段进行,最终起草了促进性别平等、以客户为导向的产品简介。该论文使人们了解了高粱和珍珠粟自愿农业参与方的角色和利益如何影响他们的品种选择和采用决定。研究发现,男性和女性自愿农业生产者在性状偏好方面既有差异也有相似之处。大多数女性(主要是生产和加工环节的女性)偏好具有特定食用和谷物品质性状的品种,而男性则优先考虑谷物产量和抗生物胁迫性状。尽管男性和女性的品种选择与其在生产和消费中的角色相符,但不同性别、作物和价值链环节都普遍希望获得谷物产量。研究结果表明,作物价值链中参与者的性别利益决定了他们对品种的选择。要提高对性别问题的响应能力,就必须识别和了解高粱和小米价值链中的需求和选择,并将这些需求和选择纳入育种进程的主流。本研究采用的方法可以了解不同参与者的理解、角色和利益,以及这些因素如何影响男性和女性采用作物品种的决定。所有主要利益相关者应共同为正在开发的品种编写产品简介,以便在农业技术开发和应用中实现共同所有权、提高采用率并改善性别平等。
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引用次数: 0
Inclusion effect of jack mackerel meal in diets substituting fish meal with corn gluten meal on growth and feed utilization of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) 在以玉米麸粉替代鱼粉的日粮中添加鲭鱼粉对橄榄鲽(Paralichthys olivaceus)生长和饲料利用的影响
Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2024.1414574
Md. Rabiul Islam, Sung Hwoan Cho, Taeho Kim
Inclusion effect of different amount of jack mackerel meal (JMM) in the diets substituting 50% fish meal (FM) with corn gluten meal (CGM) on growth, feed availability, biochemical composition, plasma, and serum chemistry of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was elucidated. Seven experimental diets were formulated. The control (Con) diet contained 60% FM. Fifty percent of FM in the Con diet was substituted with CGM, and then 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% JMM were added at the expense of FM to formulate the CJ5, CJ10, CJ20, CJ30, CJ40, and CJ50 diets, respectively. All formulated feeds were assigned to triplicate groups of fish. A total of 420 juvenile fish averaging 18 ± 0.01 g (mean ± SEM) was uniformly divided into 21, 50-L tanks, with 20 fish per tank. Fish were carefully hand-fed to satiation for 8 weeks. The weight gain of olive flounder fed the Con diet was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that of fish fed the CJ5, CJ10, and CJ20 diets, but not significantly (p > 0.05) different from that of fish fed the CJ30, CJ40, and CJ50 diets. Olive flounder fed the Con diet achieved significantly (p < 0.001 and p < 0.04) greater specific growth rates (SGR) and feed consumption than those of fish fed the CJ5 and CJ10 diets, but not significantly (p > 0.05) different from those of fish fed the CJ20, CJ30, CJ40, and CJ50 diets. However, there were no significant (p > 0.05) differences in feed utilization, proximate composition, amino acid profiles, and plasma and serum parameters of olive flounder. In conclusion, incorporation of 30, and 20% JMM are the most desirable treatments in the olive flounder diets replacing 50% FM with CGM based on weight gain, and SGR and feed consumption, respectively. This study will be very helpful to develop low-FM diets for sustainable olive flounder culture.
阐明了在用玉米麸皮粉(CGM)替代 50%鱼粉(FM)的日粮中添加不同量的竹荚鱼粉(JMM)对橄榄鲽(Paralichthys olivaceus)的生长、饲料利用率、生化成分、血浆和血清化学成分的影响。共配制了七种实验日粮。对照组(Con)日粮含有 60% 的调频。用 CGM 替代 Con 日粮中 50% 的 FM,然后添加 5%、10%、20%、30%、40% 和 50% 的 JMM(牺牲 FM),分别配制成 CJ5、CJ10、CJ20、CJ30、CJ40 和 CJ50 日粮。所有配制的饲料都分配给一式三份的鱼群。将平均体重为 18 ± 0.01 克(平均值 ± SEM)的 420 尾幼鱼均匀地分成 21 个 50 升的鱼缸,每缸 20 尾。连续 8 周对鱼进行精心的人工喂养,直至饱食。饲喂 Con 日粮的橄榄鲽的增重与饲喂 CJ30、CJ40 和 CJ50 日粮的鱼的增重有显著差异(P 0.05)。用 Con 日粮喂养的橄榄鲽与用 CJ20、CJ30、CJ40 和 CJ50 日粮喂养的橄榄鲽的增重有显著差异(p 0.05)。然而,橄榄鲽的饲料利用率、近似物组成、氨基酸谱以及血浆和血清参数均无明显差异(p > 0.05)。总之,根据增重、SGR 和饲料消耗量,在橄榄鲽日粮中分别添加 30% 和 20% 的 JMM 替代 50% 的 FM 和 CGM 是最理想的处理。这项研究将非常有助于开发低FM日粮,实现橄榄鲽的可持续养殖。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of migrant work experience on farmers’ willingness to adopt new agricultural technology: insights from China 农民工工作经历对农民采用农业新技术意愿的影响:来自中国的启示
Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2024.1415489
Qingjun Zhao, Minjie Yu, Rongrong Shi, Rengui Gong
The adoption of new agricultural technologies is one of the key factors for achieving sustainable agricultural development. With the rapid development of China’s economy and the widening gap between urban and rural areas, it has become the norm for farmers to seek employment outside their home villages. This phenomenon not only changes the lifestyle of farmers but may also affect their attitudes toward and adoption behavior of new agricultural technologies. However, existing research in this field is not yet sufficient. This paper aims to assess the overall impact, heterogeneous effects, and mechanisms of action of migrant work experience on farmers’ willingness to adopt new agricultural technologies.Based on the 8,391 sample data from 243 counties in the 2018 China Labor Force Dynamic Survey (CLDS2018), this paper uses the Linear Probability Model (LPM), Two Stage Least Square (2SLS), Conditional Mixed Process (CMP) methods, and omitted variable test to estimate the impact of migrant work experience on farmers’ willingness to adopt new agricultural technologies. Simultaneously, it explored the heterogeneity in the relationship between migrant work experience and the willingness to adopt new agricultural technologies from the perspectives of gender, age, and educational level. Lastly, the Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) model was utilized to analyze the mechanisms through which migrant work experience affects farmers’ willingness to adopt new agricultural technologies.Migrant work experience significantly enhances farmers’ willingness to adopt new agricultural technologies, with the probability of willingness among farmers with migrant work experience being 26.65% higher than that of farmers without such experience. At the same time, compared to female farmers, those born before 1980, and those with primary education or less, this enhancing effect is more pronounced among male farmers, those born after 1980, and those with more than a primary education. Furthermore, it was found that migrant work experience not only directly enhances farmers’ willingness to adopt new agricultural technologies but also indirectly promotes it by increasing capital accumulation, enhancing risk awareness, expanding social networks, and strengthening agricultural cognition, with risk awareness and agricultural cognition playing a larger indirect role.Based on the empirical results, this paper suggests actively guiding farmers with migrant work experience to adopt new agricultural technologies, and encouraging return migrant labor with the intention of resettling in rural areas to engage in agriculture again, to further promote the adoption of new agricultural technologies.
采用农业新技术是实现农业可持续发展的关键因素之一。随着中国经济的快速发展和城乡差距的拉大,农民外出务工已成为一种常态。这一现象不仅改变了农民的生活方式,还可能影响他们对农业新技术的态度和采用行为。然而,该领域的现有研究尚不充分。本文以2018年中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS2018)243个县的8391个样本数据为基础,采用线性概率模型(LPM)、两阶段最小二乘法(2SLS)、条件混合过程(CMP)方法和遗漏变量检验,估计农民外出务工经历对农民农业新技术采用意愿的总体影响、异质性效应和作用机制。同时,从性别、年龄、受教育程度等角度探讨了农民工经历与农业新技术采用意愿之间的异质性关系。最后,利用卡尔森-霍尔姆-布林(Karlson-Holm-Breen,KHB)模型分析了外出务工经历对农民采用农业新技术意愿的影响机制。外出务工经历显著增强了农民采用农业新技术的意愿,有外出务工经历的农民采用农业新技术的意愿概率比没有外出务工经历的农民高出26.65%。同时,与女性农民、1980 年以前出生的农民和小学及以下教育程度的农民相比,这种增强效应在男性农民、1980 年以后出生的农民和小学以上教育程度的农民中更为明显。根据实证结果,本文建议积极引导有外出务工经历的农民采用农业新技术,鼓励有返乡意向的农民工到农村重新务农,以进一步促进农业新技术的采用。
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引用次数: 0
A bibliometric analysis review of the Pennisetum (1970–2023) 网目植物文献计量分析综述(1970-2023 年)
Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2024.1405684
Yu Zhang, Junqin Li, Xiangtao Wang, Yuting Yang, Zijun Zhou, Xiaolin Deng, Yang Gao, Puchang Wang
Pennisetum, a herbaceous plant belonging to the Poaceae family, is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions and encompasses ~140 species. Its versatility is evidenced by its applications in forage, paper weaving, soil erosion control, and energy production. Current research on Pennisetum spans diverse fields including hay production, molecular breeding, and heavy metal absorption. However, this body of research is marked by redundancy, with a lack of clear focus. This article employs bibliometric methods to analyze the key research areas topics from 1970 to 2023. It also further discusses the future research direction of Pennisetum. Over the past five decades, research on Pennisetum has seen a significant increase, primarily concentrating on cultivation and breeding, ecological restoration, and industrial applications. These domains have become pivotal in advancing Pennisetum-related research. The paper also forecasts future innovations in Pennisetum research, focusing on molecular breeding, agricultural management, and novel material development. As a seminal contribution, this study offers a comprehensive graphical overview of Pennisetum research, establishing a foundational resource for ongoing scientific discourse.
网球草(Pennisetum)是一种草本植物,属于菊科(Poaceae),主要分布在热带和亚热带地区,共有约 140 个品种。其用途广泛,可用于饲草、造纸、土壤侵蚀控制和能源生产。目前对网纹草的研究涉及多个领域,包括干草生产、分子育种和重金属吸收。然而,这些研究成果冗杂,缺乏明确的重点。本文采用文献计量学方法分析了 1970 年至 2023 年的主要研究领域主题。同时还进一步探讨了丹参未来的研究方向。在过去的五十年中,有关网球草的研究有了显著的增长,主要集中在栽培育种、生态恢复和工业应用方面。这些领域已成为推动网球植物相关研究的关键。该论文还预测了未来 Pennisetum 研究的创新,重点是分子育种、农业管理和新型材料开发。作为一项开创性的贡献,本研究以图表的形式全面概述了网球植物的研究,为正在进行的科学讨论提供了基础资源。
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引用次数: 0
Fabrication of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer-based covalent–noncovalent synergistic imprinting strategies for the highly specific enrichment of luteolin from honeysuckle 制备基于共价-非共价协同印迹策略的磁性分子印迹聚合物,从金银花中高度特异性地富集木犀草素
Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2024.1413458
Liping Zhang, Peizhi Hao, Yifan He, Shujing Li, Tian Li, Lan Wang, Suna He
Luteolin (LTL) is the primary active ingredient in honeysuckle, which exhibited wide pharmacological activities, including heat-clearing, detoxifying, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. The conventional method for the extraction of LTL consumed a substantial amount of time and organic solvents, and poor selectivity. Therefore, fabrication of novel material with simple preparation process, low cost and excellent selectivity is of great significance for the extraction and enrichment of LTL from honeysuckle.In this system, a novel surface imprinting polymer for luteolin, denoted as Fe3O4@SiO2@MIP, was synthesized using covalent-noncovalent synergistic imprinting strategies. 3-acrylamidephenylboric acid was adopted as covalent functional monomer, deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride/methacrylic acid (ChCl/MAA, 1/2, n/n)) and methacrylic acid as the non-covalent functional monomers, and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles as the magnetic support. The resultant Fe3O4@SiO2@MIP displayed a uniform morphology, good crystallinity, and excellent magnetic properties. Meanwhile, the binding experiments demonstrated that Fe3O4@SiO2@MIP exhibited high binding performance and the maximum adsorption capacity was 20.97 mg/g. Moreover, the selectivity and reusability behavior of them were satisfactory. In addition, this polymer, serving as an adsorbent, presented practical application potential in separation and enrichment of LTL from honeysuckle.The covalent-noncovalent synergistic imprinting strategy could greatly facilitate the preparation of imprinted nanoparticles for the specific recognition of LTL, providing a valuable approach for the enrichment of LTL in complex samples.
木犀草素(LTL)是金银花的主要活性成分,具有广泛的药理活性,包括清热、解毒、抗炎和抗氧化作用。传统的 LTL 提取方法需要耗费大量的时间和有机溶剂,且选择性差。本系统采用共价-非共价协同印迹策略,合成了一种新型的木犀草素表面印迹聚合物(Fe3O4@SiO2@MIP)。共价功能单体为 3-丙烯酰胺基苯硼酸,非共价功能单体为深共晶溶剂(氯化胆碱/甲基丙烯酸(ChCl/MAA,1/2,n/n))和甲基丙烯酸,磁性支撑为 Fe3O4@SiO2 纳米颗粒。所制备的 Fe3O4@SiO2@MIP 形状均匀、结晶度好、磁性能优异。同时,结合实验表明,Fe3O4@SiO2@MIP 具有很高的结合性能,最大吸附容量为 20.97 mg/g。此外,它们的选择性和可重复使用性也令人满意。共价-非共价协同印迹策略极大地促进了特异性识别 LTL 的印迹纳米粒子的制备,为复杂样品中 LTL 的富集提供了一种有价值的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Fermented beverages among indigenous Latin American societies 拉丁美洲土著社会的发酵饮料
Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2024.1390162
Christian Lasso García, Fátima Andrea German Bermúdez, Wim Vanden Berghe, María Gabriela Zurita-Benavides, Andrea Orellana-Manzano
Traditional fermented beverages are a valuable cultural, economic, and social heritage of Latin American societies that deserve to be preserved and strengthened with sustainable development and respect for diversity. Therefore, this article will demonstrate, through scientific literature, the importance for indigenous societies and the nutritional contributions of the most traditional beverages of North and South America.This systematic review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) verification protocol. The study focused on exploring the nutritional information of South and Central American fermented beverages. The search was conducted in the Biomed, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases to identify publications published within the past 15 years.However, the presence of toxic compounds such as biogenic amines and phenols that affect the quality of the product and human health has been detected. In addition, it was found that macro-and micronutrients, vitamins, and microorganisms differ according to the type of raw material used. It was concluded that corn is the most widely used raw material to produce fermented beverages in Latin America. At the same time, Mexico has conducted more research on this product, and most analyses are being carried out on the use of corn in the production of fermented beverages. In addition, several studies have shown that using validated and standardized methodologies to detect biogenic weapons is crucial to ensure accurate identification, effective response, and compliance with legal and security requirements in this critical area.
传统发酵饮料是拉丁美洲社会宝贵的文化、经济和社会遗产,值得在可持续发展和尊重多样性的前提下加以保护和加强。因此,本文将通过科学文献证明南北美洲最传统的饮料对土著社会的重要性和营养贡献。本系统综述遵循 PRISMA(系统综述和元分析首选报告项目)验证协议。研究重点是探索南美洲和中美洲发酵饮料的营养信息。在 Biomed、PubMed、ScienceDirect、Scopus、Scielo 和 Google Scholar 数据库中进行了搜索,以确定过去 15 年内发表的出版物。此外,还发现宏量和微量营养素、维生素和微生物因所使用的原料类型而异。结论是,玉米是拉丁美洲生产发酵饮料最广泛使用的原料。同时,墨西哥对这一产品进行了更多的研究,大多数分析都是针对使用玉米生产发酵饮料进行的。此外,一些研究表明,使用经过验证的标准化方法检测生物武器对于确保准确识别、有效应对以及遵守这一关键领域的法律和安全要求至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Gender, social, household, and ecological factors influencing wheat trait preferences among the women and men farmers in India 影响印度男女农民小麦性状偏好的性别、社会、家庭和生态因素
Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2024.1284817
H. Gartaula, Kishor Atreya, Noufa C Konath, S. Mondal, Ravi P. Singh
The goal of public breeding programs is to develop and disseminate improved varieties to farmers. This strategy aims at providing farming communities with superior crop varieties than they are growing. However, the strategy rarely considers the needs and preferences of farmers, especially gendered preferences, failing to solve real field problems by addressing the differences and inequalities prevalent in the farming communities. Our research examines how personal, household, agronomic and ecological characteristics of wheat growers in Bihar, India’s eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains, affect women and men’s wheat trait choices. Data were obtained from 1,003 households where both male and female respondents from the same household were interviewed. We accounted for 23 traits of wheat from a careful assessment of production, environment, cooking quality, market demand, and esthetic criteria. Binomial logistic regression was used to determine women’s and men’s trait preferences. The results imply that gender influences the preferences of wheat traits. Some traits are favored by both women and men, however, in other instances, there are striking disparities. For example, men choose wheat varieties that are well adapted to extreme climate conditions, have a higher grain yield, and produce chapati with a superior taste, while women prefer wheat types with superior chapati making quality, higher grain yield, and high market prices. Other socioeconomic, agronomic, cultural, and geolocational factors have a considerable impact on trait preferences. These human dimensions of traits preferred by women and men farmers are important for trait combinations to develop breeding product profiles for certain market segments.
公共育种计划的目标是开发并向农民推广改良品种。这一战略旨在为农业社区提供优于其种植的作物品种。然而,该战略很少考虑农民的需求和偏好,尤其是性别偏好,未能通过解决农业社区普遍存在的差异和不平等来解决实际问题。我们的研究探讨了印度东部印度-遗传平原比哈尔邦小麦种植者的个人、家庭、农艺和生态特征如何影响女性和男性的小麦性状选择。我们从 1,003 个家庭中获得了数据,同一家庭中的男性和女性受访者均接受了采访。通过对生产、环境、烹饪质量、市场需求和审美标准的仔细评估,我们考虑了 23 种小麦性状。我们采用二项式逻辑回归法来确定女性和男性的性状偏好。结果表明,性别会影响对小麦性状的偏好。女性和男性都偏爱某些性状,但在其他情况下,则存在显著差异。例如,男性选择适应极端气候条件、谷物产量较高、制作的小面包口感上乘的小麦品种,而女性则偏爱制作小面包质量上乘、谷物产量较高、市场价格较高的小麦品种。其他社会经济、农艺、文化和地理位置因素对性状偏好也有相当大的影响。女性和男性农民偏好性状的这些人文因素对于性状组合非常重要,有助于为某些细分市场开发育种产品。
{"title":"Gender, social, household, and ecological factors influencing wheat trait preferences among the women and men farmers in India","authors":"H. Gartaula, Kishor Atreya, Noufa C Konath, S. Mondal, Ravi P. Singh","doi":"10.3389/fsufs.2024.1284817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1284817","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of public breeding programs is to develop and disseminate improved varieties to farmers. This strategy aims at providing farming communities with superior crop varieties than they are growing. However, the strategy rarely considers the needs and preferences of farmers, especially gendered preferences, failing to solve real field problems by addressing the differences and inequalities prevalent in the farming communities. Our research examines how personal, household, agronomic and ecological characteristics of wheat growers in Bihar, India’s eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains, affect women and men’s wheat trait choices. Data were obtained from 1,003 households where both male and female respondents from the same household were interviewed. We accounted for 23 traits of wheat from a careful assessment of production, environment, cooking quality, market demand, and esthetic criteria. Binomial logistic regression was used to determine women’s and men’s trait preferences. The results imply that gender influences the preferences of wheat traits. Some traits are favored by both women and men, however, in other instances, there are striking disparities. For example, men choose wheat varieties that are well adapted to extreme climate conditions, have a higher grain yield, and produce chapati with a superior taste, while women prefer wheat types with superior chapati making quality, higher grain yield, and high market prices. Other socioeconomic, agronomic, cultural, and geolocational factors have a considerable impact on trait preferences. These human dimensions of traits preferred by women and men farmers are important for trait combinations to develop breeding product profiles for certain market segments.","PeriodicalId":504481,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems","volume":"60 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141349376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Increasing sustainability in the tomato processing industry: environmental impact analysis and future development scenarios 提高番茄加工业的可持续性:环境影响分析和未来发展设想
Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2024.1400274
Elham Eslami, Emad Abdurrahman, G. Pataro, G. Ferrari
The agri-food sector has been identified as one of the most significant contributors to environmental degradation and emissions. Thus, in order to respond to the societal demand for cleaner and greener products, in recent years, the food industry has been striving to identify and apply more sustainable practices to minimize the negative impact on the environment. Within the agri-food sector, one of the industries requiring efforts to mitigate its environmental footprint is the tomato processing industry, which represents an important industry within the Italian industrial food processing sector. Efficient utilization of resources and adoption of innovative methods in the production lines of the tomato processing industry can be envisaged as strategic measures to increase sustainability. This study aims to discuss the results of the case study in which an Italian tomato processing company has been analyzed by applying the LCA methodology.Foreground data were obtained from the tomato processing facility located in southern Italy, and Ecoinvent database was the source of background data. The assessment was carried out by SimaPro software using ReCiPe 2016 (V1.03). The feasible conservation strategies in the production line have been evaluated through water-energy nexus simulation by SuperPro Designer® before the implementation, and different scenarios have been evaluated by SimaPro to decrease the environmental load.This study demonstrates that the production of 1 kg of peeled tomatoes and tomato puree leads to greenhouse gas emissions of 0.083 kg CO2 eq and 0.135 kg CO2 eq, respectively. A deeper analysis to evaluate the contribution of the different tomato processing stages indicated that the thermal units are the main ones responsible for adverse effects on the environment, and any improvement in their performance can be seen as an unmissable opportunity. The conservation strategies identified resulted in considerable water (23.4%), electricity (14.7%), and methane (28.7%) savings and, consequently, in 16 and 19% reduction of global warming potential in peeled tomato and tomato puree production lines, respectively. These findings provide new insights for tomato processing companies wishing to adopt more sustainable processing practices, reducing their environmental impact to a considerable extent and improving their economic performance.
农业食品行业被认为是造成环境退化和排放的最主要因素之一。因此,为了满足社会对更清洁、更环保产品的需求,近年来,食品行业一直在努力确定和采用更可持续的做法,以最大限度地减少对环境的负面影响。在农业食品行业中,番茄加工业是需要努力减少其环境足迹的行业之一,它是意大利工业食品加工业中的一个重要行业。在番茄加工业的生产线上有效利用资源和采用创新方法,可被视为提高可持续性的战略措施。本研究旨在讨论应用生命周期评估方法对一家意大利番茄加工公司进行分析的案例研究结果。前景数据来自位于意大利南部的番茄加工厂,Ecoinvent 数据库是背景数据的来源。评估采用 SimaPro 软件 ReCiPe 2016(V1.03)进行。该研究表明,生产 1 千克去皮番茄和番茄泥的温室气体排放量分别为 0.083 千克二氧化碳当量和 0.135 千克二氧化碳当量。为评估不同番茄加工阶段的贡献而进行的深入分析表明,热处理装置是对环境造成不利影响的主要装置,因此,改善热处理装置的性能是一个不可错失的机会。所确定的节约策略大大节约了水(23.4%)、电(14.7%)和甲烷(28.7%),从而使去皮番茄和番茄泥生产线的全球升温潜能值分别降低了 16% 和 19%。这些研究结果为番茄加工企业提供了新的见解,这些企业希望采用更可持续的加工方法,在很大程度上减少对环境的影响,提高经济效益。
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引用次数: 0
Development, RSM-based modeling, and process optimization of an ultrasonic coating system for extending the storage life of fresh fruits 用于延长新鲜水果贮藏期的超声波涂层系统的开发、基于 RSM 的建模和工艺优化
Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2024.1403164
Maged Mohammed, N. Alqahtani, Salim A. Ali
Effective and innovative freshly produced preservation methods are paramount for ensuring safe and sustainable food. Edible coatings for fresh dates can provide an additional protective layer to enhance their shelf life and extend marketability. However, the optimum coating requires a high uniformity of coating layer on the fruit. The ultrasonic coating can achieve a more uniform and consistent coating on the fruit surface. Therefore, this study aimed to design, evaluate, and optimize the process parameters of an innovative ultrasonic coating system (UCS) to enhance the shelf life and quality of fresh date palm fruit utilizing gum Arabic as an edible coating. The response surface methodology (RSM) was conducted using Design-Expert software Version 13. The central composite design was employed to determine the influence of eight independent variables, namely, coating time, air flow rate, liquid height above the ultrasonic transducers, liquid temperature, edible gum Arabic concentration, drying time for coated fruit, drying temperature, and storage temperature on the responses which were fruit shelf life, ripe fruit percentage, color changes, and weight loss. The optimization was conducted to determine the optimal solutions for enhancing fruit shelf life and quality. The optimal optimization outcome with the desirability of 0.90 demonstrated that coating fresh date palm fruits with a gum Arabic concentration of 9.58% at an air flow rate of 1.95 m/s, a height of liquid above the ultrasonic transducer of 0.62 cm, a liquid temperature of 40°C, a drying time of 7.4 min, a drying temperature of 30°C, and a storage temperature of 5°C resulted in extending the shelf life of the stored fruits to 65 days with 3.47 ripening percentage, 7.39 color change, and 4.22% fruit weight loss. The validation experiment conducted at the same independent variable levels indicated that the fruit shelf life extended to 60.2 ± 0.5 days, accompanied by a ripening percentage of 3.4 ± 0.4%, a color change of 10.3 ± 0.9, and a fruit weight loss of 5.4 ± 0.9%. The solutions were validated through rigorous experiments on fresh date palm fruit at the Khalal stage. The findings showed a positive response for fruit shelf life with a slight decrease in the percentage of fruit ripe, color change, and weight loss.
有效和创新的新鲜食品保鲜方法对于确保安全和可持续食品至关重要。鲜枣的可食用涂层可以提供额外的保护层,延长保质期,扩大销路。然而,最佳的涂层要求水果上的涂层高度均匀。超声波涂层可以使水果表面的涂层更加均匀一致。因此,本研究旨在设计、评估和优化创新型超声波涂层系统(UCS)的工艺参数,以利用阿拉伯树胶作为可食用涂层,提高新鲜枣椰果的货架期和质量。采用 Design-Expert 软件 13 版进行了响应面方法(RSM)研究。采用中心复合设计来确定八个自变量,即涂布时间、空气流速、超声波传感器上方的液体高度、液体温度、食用阿拉伯树胶浓度、涂布水果的干燥时间、干燥温度和储存温度对水果货架期、成熟水果百分比、颜色变化和重量损失等反应的影响。进行优化的目的是确定提高水果货架期和质量的最佳解决方案。可取性为 0.90 的最佳优化结果表明,在空气流速为 1.95 米/秒、液体高于超声波换能器的高度为 0.62 厘米、液体温度为 40°C、干燥时间为 7.4 分钟、干燥温度为 30°C、贮藏温度为 5°C 的条件下,用浓度为 9.58% 的阿拉伯树胶涂覆新鲜枣椰果实,可将贮藏果实的货架期延长至 65 天,成熟率为 3.47%,颜色变化为 7.39%,果实重量损失为 4.22%。在相同的自变量水平下进行的验证实验表明,水果的货架期延长至 60.2 ± 0.5 天,成熟度为 3.4 ± 0.4%,颜色变化为 10.3 ± 0.9,水果重量损失为 5.4 ± 0.9%。通过对处于哈拉尔期的新鲜枣椰果实进行严格实验,对这些解决方案进行了验证。实验结果表明,对果实的货架期有积极的影响,果实成熟百分比、颜色变化和重量损失都略有下降。
{"title":"Development, RSM-based modeling, and process optimization of an ultrasonic coating system for extending the storage life of fresh fruits","authors":"Maged Mohammed, N. Alqahtani, Salim A. Ali","doi":"10.3389/fsufs.2024.1403164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1403164","url":null,"abstract":"Effective and innovative freshly produced preservation methods are paramount for ensuring safe and sustainable food. Edible coatings for fresh dates can provide an additional protective layer to enhance their shelf life and extend marketability. However, the optimum coating requires a high uniformity of coating layer on the fruit. The ultrasonic coating can achieve a more uniform and consistent coating on the fruit surface. Therefore, this study aimed to design, evaluate, and optimize the process parameters of an innovative ultrasonic coating system (UCS) to enhance the shelf life and quality of fresh date palm fruit utilizing gum Arabic as an edible coating. The response surface methodology (RSM) was conducted using Design-Expert software Version 13. The central composite design was employed to determine the influence of eight independent variables, namely, coating time, air flow rate, liquid height above the ultrasonic transducers, liquid temperature, edible gum Arabic concentration, drying time for coated fruit, drying temperature, and storage temperature on the responses which were fruit shelf life, ripe fruit percentage, color changes, and weight loss. The optimization was conducted to determine the optimal solutions for enhancing fruit shelf life and quality. The optimal optimization outcome with the desirability of 0.90 demonstrated that coating fresh date palm fruits with a gum Arabic concentration of 9.58% at an air flow rate of 1.95 m/s, a height of liquid above the ultrasonic transducer of 0.62 cm, a liquid temperature of 40°C, a drying time of 7.4 min, a drying temperature of 30°C, and a storage temperature of 5°C resulted in extending the shelf life of the stored fruits to 65 days with 3.47 ripening percentage, 7.39 color change, and 4.22% fruit weight loss. The validation experiment conducted at the same independent variable levels indicated that the fruit shelf life extended to 60.2 ± 0.5 days, accompanied by a ripening percentage of 3.4 ± 0.4%, a color change of 10.3 ± 0.9, and a fruit weight loss of 5.4 ± 0.9%. The solutions were validated through rigorous experiments on fresh date palm fruit at the Khalal stage. The findings showed a positive response for fruit shelf life with a slight decrease in the percentage of fruit ripe, color change, and weight loss.","PeriodicalId":504481,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems","volume":"63 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141350218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
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