Pub Date : 2024-02-04DOI: 10.1177/00195561231221812
Himanshu Roy
School education in pre-colonial India was universal and inclusive. Children of every caste and class, at an average age of 5 years, attended schools. The elementary school teaching consisted of three universal subjects: akshara (script) gyan, bhasha (language) gyan and arithmetic. The fourth subject varied from regions to regions: it was moral–civic education to skill education. The education was in the mother tongue. The higher education was in medium of Sanskrit. After the arrival of Muslim rulers, Persian became the alternative language of instruction, and there was a change in the course curriculum. The Muslim students were compulsorily taught the Quran, and the medium of instruction was Persian. Students interested in higher academics and research had wide number of subjects to study—grammar, philosophy, medicine and others. These students were called Brahmins, and based on their professional skills, they were designated as acharyas, upadhyaya, mukhopadhyay and so forth. The technical skills and the knowledge required constant upgradation as India was the hub of the pre-colonial economy, the ‘land of desire’. This knowledge and skill had also made her the ‘land of wisdom’. That’s how Hegel used to address about India in his class rooms in 1820s in Germany.
{"title":"Indic Education in Pre-Colonial India","authors":"Himanshu Roy","doi":"10.1177/00195561231221812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00195561231221812","url":null,"abstract":"School education in pre-colonial India was universal and inclusive. Children of every caste and class, at an average age of 5 years, attended schools. The elementary school teaching consisted of three universal subjects: akshara (script) gyan, bhasha (language) gyan and arithmetic. The fourth subject varied from regions to regions: it was moral–civic education to skill education. The education was in the mother tongue. The higher education was in medium of Sanskrit. After the arrival of Muslim rulers, Persian became the alternative language of instruction, and there was a change in the course curriculum. The Muslim students were compulsorily taught the Quran, and the medium of instruction was Persian. Students interested in higher academics and research had wide number of subjects to study—grammar, philosophy, medicine and others. These students were called Brahmins, and based on their professional skills, they were designated as acharyas, upadhyaya, mukhopadhyay and so forth. The technical skills and the knowledge required constant upgradation as India was the hub of the pre-colonial economy, the ‘land of desire’. This knowledge and skill had also made her the ‘land of wisdom’. That’s how Hegel used to address about India in his class rooms in 1820s in Germany.","PeriodicalId":504628,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Administration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139866293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-04DOI: 10.1177/00195561231221812
Himanshu Roy
School education in pre-colonial India was universal and inclusive. Children of every caste and class, at an average age of 5 years, attended schools. The elementary school teaching consisted of three universal subjects: akshara (script) gyan, bhasha (language) gyan and arithmetic. The fourth subject varied from regions to regions: it was moral–civic education to skill education. The education was in the mother tongue. The higher education was in medium of Sanskrit. After the arrival of Muslim rulers, Persian became the alternative language of instruction, and there was a change in the course curriculum. The Muslim students were compulsorily taught the Quran, and the medium of instruction was Persian. Students interested in higher academics and research had wide number of subjects to study—grammar, philosophy, medicine and others. These students were called Brahmins, and based on their professional skills, they were designated as acharyas, upadhyaya, mukhopadhyay and so forth. The technical skills and the knowledge required constant upgradation as India was the hub of the pre-colonial economy, the ‘land of desire’. This knowledge and skill had also made her the ‘land of wisdom’. That’s how Hegel used to address about India in his class rooms in 1820s in Germany.
{"title":"Indic Education in Pre-Colonial India","authors":"Himanshu Roy","doi":"10.1177/00195561231221812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00195561231221812","url":null,"abstract":"School education in pre-colonial India was universal and inclusive. Children of every caste and class, at an average age of 5 years, attended schools. The elementary school teaching consisted of three universal subjects: akshara (script) gyan, bhasha (language) gyan and arithmetic. The fourth subject varied from regions to regions: it was moral–civic education to skill education. The education was in the mother tongue. The higher education was in medium of Sanskrit. After the arrival of Muslim rulers, Persian became the alternative language of instruction, and there was a change in the course curriculum. The Muslim students were compulsorily taught the Quran, and the medium of instruction was Persian. Students interested in higher academics and research had wide number of subjects to study—grammar, philosophy, medicine and others. These students were called Brahmins, and based on their professional skills, they were designated as acharyas, upadhyaya, mukhopadhyay and so forth. The technical skills and the knowledge required constant upgradation as India was the hub of the pre-colonial economy, the ‘land of desire’. This knowledge and skill had also made her the ‘land of wisdom’. That’s how Hegel used to address about India in his class rooms in 1820s in Germany.","PeriodicalId":504628,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Administration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139806325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-24DOI: 10.1177/00195561231204938
Saima Farhat, Mohd Javed, U. Eram
{"title":"India’s Recent Merchandise Trade Potential with Respect to United Arab Emirate","authors":"Saima Farhat, Mohd Javed, U. Eram","doi":"10.1177/00195561231204938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00195561231204938","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":504628,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Administration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.1177/00195561231204608
Karli Srinivasulu
{"title":"Nationalism and Dynamics of Federal Politics in Contemporary India","authors":"Karli Srinivasulu","doi":"10.1177/00195561231204608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00195561231204608","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":504628,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Administration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139182551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.1177/00195561231204893
Karunakar Patra
Parliamentary committees are evolution of practice and procedures of legislations in liberal democracies over the years. The strength of a procedural democracy is enriched by the way the committees act to provide scrutiny, evaluation, and the improvement of the legislation and policy outcomes. This article articulates the imperative of parliamentary committees in strengthening legislation and policy commitments. How do parliamentary committees improve legislations and policy formulation in majoritarian democracies? This article includes the following sections: first, it discusses the meaning, role and objectives of parliamentary Standing Committees. Second, it focusses on the types of committees and their constitutional role in the process of legislation. Third, it deals with elaborate examination of the functions of the committees. The last section explores the recent trends of the functioning of the committees. The author concludes with the remark that the success of parliamentary democracy as an institution of representation would be strengthened with an integrated and independent role of parliamentary committees.
{"title":"Parliamentary Committees: Meeting the Epistemic Threshold of Legislation","authors":"Karunakar Patra","doi":"10.1177/00195561231204893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00195561231204893","url":null,"abstract":"Parliamentary committees are evolution of practice and procedures of legislations in liberal democracies over the years. The strength of a procedural democracy is enriched by the way the committees act to provide scrutiny, evaluation, and the improvement of the legislation and policy outcomes. This article articulates the imperative of parliamentary committees in strengthening legislation and policy commitments. How do parliamentary committees improve legislations and policy formulation in majoritarian democracies? This article includes the following sections: first, it discusses the meaning, role and objectives of parliamentary Standing Committees. Second, it focusses on the types of committees and their constitutional role in the process of legislation. Third, it deals with elaborate examination of the functions of the committees. The last section explores the recent trends of the functioning of the committees. The author concludes with the remark that the success of parliamentary democracy as an institution of representation would be strengthened with an integrated and independent role of parliamentary committees.","PeriodicalId":504628,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Administration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139184148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.1177/00195561231204907
Ritu Raj Kaur, Ashwani Luthra
Historically, biomass energy is the oldest form of energy, for domestic purposes. Amongst biomass, crop-residue resources are abundant, especially in agriculture-dominated areas. Worldwide, of the total renewable energy potential, one-fourth of total renewable energy is being produced by biomass and waste. Within biomass, co-generation plants using process-based agricultural wastes are used for power generation. However, a major proportion of crop residues, that is, non-processed residues, are burnt in the open fields themselves, resulting in air pollution, greenhouse gases and climate change, deterioration of soil health due to loss of nutrients, moisture, etc. The present article assesses crop-residue generation, utilisation, and surplus-availability for energy generation in Amritsar district. Amritsar district is the second most populated among 22 districts of Punjab state. Agriculture is the main economic activity in the district, covering 82.2% of its geographical area. It has been estimated that a total of 2.5 million tonnes of crop residues are being generated annually within the Amritsar district. Out of the total residues, almost two-thirds of residues remain unutilised. The residues are being burnt, resulting in deteriorating air-quality, which could be used as a sustainable renewable energy source. The total surplus residue has the potential for 721 MW of power generation.
{"title":"Crop Residue as Sustainable Energy Option: Case of Amritsar District, Punjab, India","authors":"Ritu Raj Kaur, Ashwani Luthra","doi":"10.1177/00195561231204907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00195561231204907","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, biomass energy is the oldest form of energy, for domestic purposes. Amongst biomass, crop-residue resources are abundant, especially in agriculture-dominated areas. Worldwide, of the total renewable energy potential, one-fourth of total renewable energy is being produced by biomass and waste. Within biomass, co-generation plants using process-based agricultural wastes are used for power generation. However, a major proportion of crop residues, that is, non-processed residues, are burnt in the open fields themselves, resulting in air pollution, greenhouse gases and climate change, deterioration of soil health due to loss of nutrients, moisture, etc. The present article assesses crop-residue generation, utilisation, and surplus-availability for energy generation in Amritsar district. Amritsar district is the second most populated among 22 districts of Punjab state. Agriculture is the main economic activity in the district, covering 82.2% of its geographical area. It has been estimated that a total of 2.5 million tonnes of crop residues are being generated annually within the Amritsar district. Out of the total residues, almost two-thirds of residues remain unutilised. The residues are being burnt, resulting in deteriorating air-quality, which could be used as a sustainable renewable energy source. The total surplus residue has the potential for 721 MW of power generation.","PeriodicalId":504628,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Administration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139183707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1177/00195561231196214
Kavita Kachhawa, R. Mogra
Rice fortification with micronutrients is getting popularity in supplementation programmes as it provides cost-effective, easy and public-health-solution to treat anaemia and protein-energy-malnutrition. In India, A pilot scheme for rice- fortification and its distribution under Public Distribution System in fifteen districts was started for a period of 3 years (2019–2022). To examine effect of fortified rice on nutritional status of population, its supplementation studies in Indian government’s social safety programmes were reviewed. The reviewed studies showed that supplementation of fortified rice was significantly effective in reducing prevalence of anaemia, increase in haemoglobin level, and improvement in cognitive scores. However, all the reviewed studies were limited only to supplementation of fortified rice at mid-day meal programme. Thus, it can be inferred that fortification of rice can be a cost-effective tool to combat anaemia at community level but more conclusive evidences are still required.
{"title":"Large-scale Fortification of Rice in India and Its Distribution in Public Distribution System","authors":"Kavita Kachhawa, R. Mogra","doi":"10.1177/00195561231196214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00195561231196214","url":null,"abstract":"Rice fortification with micronutrients is getting popularity in supplementation programmes as it provides cost-effective, easy and public-health-solution to treat anaemia and protein-energy-malnutrition. In India, A pilot scheme for rice- fortification and its distribution under Public Distribution System in fifteen districts was started for a period of 3 years (2019–2022). To examine effect of fortified rice on nutritional status of population, its supplementation studies in Indian government’s social safety programmes were reviewed. The reviewed studies showed that supplementation of fortified rice was significantly effective in reducing prevalence of anaemia, increase in haemoglobin level, and improvement in cognitive scores. However, all the reviewed studies were limited only to supplementation of fortified rice at mid-day meal programme. Thus, it can be inferred that fortification of rice can be a cost-effective tool to combat anaemia at community level but more conclusive evidences are still required.","PeriodicalId":504628,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Administration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139259084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1177/00195561231196222
Chandra Shekhar Kumar, Manoj Sharma
Gram panchayats (GPs), being constitutionally mandated and closest to the people, can anchor the responsibility of localising the implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and achieving them by the year 2030. In this article, published reports have been used for analysing state-wise status of SDGs achievements and their correlations with attainments in areas of poverty-reduction and other developmental indicators. Also, progress made by GPs on various metrics related to SDGs has been corroborated with other relevant metrics. For effective functioning and service-delivery capacity of panchayats, it is necessary that they are sufficiently empowered with functions and responsibilities as per aspirations of the provisions of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment, 1993, strengthened with basic infrastructure and technical manpower to harness the full potential of digitisation and also incentivised for augmenting their own sources of revenue.
{"title":"Realisation of Sustainable Development Goals Through Panchayati Raj Institutions","authors":"Chandra Shekhar Kumar, Manoj Sharma","doi":"10.1177/00195561231196222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00195561231196222","url":null,"abstract":"Gram panchayats (GPs), being constitutionally mandated and closest to the people, can anchor the responsibility of localising the implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and achieving them by the year 2030. In this article, published reports have been used for analysing state-wise status of SDGs achievements and their correlations with attainments in areas of poverty-reduction and other developmental indicators. Also, progress made by GPs on various metrics related to SDGs has been corroborated with other relevant metrics. For effective functioning and service-delivery capacity of panchayats, it is necessary that they are sufficiently empowered with functions and responsibilities as per aspirations of the provisions of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment, 1993, strengthened with basic infrastructure and technical manpower to harness the full potential of digitisation and also incentivised for augmenting their own sources of revenue.","PeriodicalId":504628,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Administration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1177/00195561231166848
Deevanshu Jaswani
{"title":"RTI Act and Financial Institutions Altercation: An Anathema to Progressive Democratic Regime","authors":"Deevanshu Jaswani","doi":"10.1177/00195561231166848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00195561231166848","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":504628,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Administration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1177/00195561231196180
Manik Sharma, G. D. Rao
As a key stakeholder within the domain of environmental governance, the civil society influences the actions and outcomes of regulatory processes, mechanisms and organisations in addition to state, market and communities. The research article attempts to understand the influence the civil society exerts in addressing the environmental concerns of three village panchayats of Kathua district, Jammu and Kashmir, by studying the case of industrial pollution caused by Kathua Industrial Area. Issues like severity and impact of pollution on affected population, awareness, participation and role of the civil society and the ways in which the affected population negotiate with the problem of industrial pollution are analysed. It is found that the civil society is unable to exert bottom-up pressure in influencing the policy actions and outcomes in the study area. The reasons behind such inability and the measures required to make civil society a reckoning force in environmental governance are also discussed in the article.
{"title":"Environmental Governance at Crossroads: Civil Society’s Fight Against Industrial Pollution in Kathua Industrial Area, Jammu and Kashmir","authors":"Manik Sharma, G. D. Rao","doi":"10.1177/00195561231196180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00195561231196180","url":null,"abstract":"As a key stakeholder within the domain of environmental governance, the civil society influences the actions and outcomes of regulatory processes, mechanisms and organisations in addition to state, market and communities. The research article attempts to understand the influence the civil society exerts in addressing the environmental concerns of three village panchayats of Kathua district, Jammu and Kashmir, by studying the case of industrial pollution caused by Kathua Industrial Area. Issues like severity and impact of pollution on affected population, awareness, participation and role of the civil society and the ways in which the affected population negotiate with the problem of industrial pollution are analysed. It is found that the civil society is unable to exert bottom-up pressure in influencing the policy actions and outcomes in the study area. The reasons behind such inability and the measures required to make civil society a reckoning force in environmental governance are also discussed in the article.","PeriodicalId":504628,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Public Administration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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